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(共44张PPT)
Unit4 Space Exploration
Reading and Writing
Present an argument about space exploration
Is Exploring Space a Waste of Time and Money
探索太空是浪费时间和钱吗？
Read the argumentative essay about space
exploration on page 44.
Then answer the questions below.
1. Why are some people against space exploration
2. What has space exploration done for food
production
Because they think it is a waste of time and money, and that we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead.
Satellites study land and weather patterns. These studies help farmers grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before they occur.
3. What did the pictures of Earth from space make
people realise
4. How does space exploration
benefit the products that people
use nowadays
Then answer the questions below.
They made people realise that our planets resources are limited.
Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that
benefits us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard.
Study the organisation and language festures.
1. Read the first paragraph and underline the different
opinions about space exploration.
Study the organisation and language festures.
2. Find the three topic sentenses that summerise the
writer's arguments about space exploration.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Study the organisation and language festures.
3. Underline the sentence that repeats the writer's
opinion in the last paragraph.
Mind map
Different Opinions
We should stop exploring space.
Other opinion: ________________________.
Exploring space can help us
Different benefits
It can _______________________.
It promotes ___________________.
It helps people __________the
world's problem.
fight against world hunger
technological improments
think about
Conclusion
Exploring space should
___________.
be continued
Is exploring space a waste
例1. 我们向全球发射无线电波。
We directed radio waves ________________.
例2. 我们地球表面的70%是水。
70% of our ____________ is water.
around the globe 全球；世界各地；整个世界
【同】around the world
globe n. 地球；地球仪；球体
v. 使…成球形，成球状
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
1
句意：世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。
around the globe
globe's surface
例1：绝对不要和艺术家争论。
Never _________ an artist.
例2：不要当着孩子的面为钱争吵。
Try not to __________ money in front of the kids.
例3. 一些评论家认为毕加索毕生都是一位大师。
Some critics _________ Picasso remained a great master all his life.
argue vt. & vi. 争论；争辩；论证
argue with 和……争吵
argue about 因为……争论
argue that...主张，认为……
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
2
句意：一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
argue about
argue with
argue that
result in 导致；造成
result from 由于，因为
as a result 因此
as a result of...作为……的结果
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
3
句意：如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
例1：50%的公路交通事故致使头部受伤。
Fifty percent of road accidents _______head injuries.
例2：很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。
Many hair problems _________ what you eat.
例3：他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He made one big mistake, and, _______, lost his job.
result from
result in
as a result
resource n. 资源；财力；物力
[pl.]resources
resourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
4
例：______________ 人的资源
______________ 水资源
一个国家最重要的资源是其人才库。
A country's principal _______ is its brainpower.
好家伙！我的孩子们多机智啊。
Oh boy! what ___________ children I have.
human resource
water resource
resource
resourceful
limited adj. 有限的
【反】unlimited adj. 无限制的；无界限的
limit n. 限制；限度；界线
vt. 限制；限定
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
5
例1. 请把信函限制到125字或更少的字数内。 Please ____ letters to 125 words or less.
例2. 遗憾的是，我的时间有限。
Unfortunately, my time is ________.
例3. 凭本车票在七日内可自由乘车不受限制。
The ticket gives you _______ travel for seven days.
limit
limited
unlimited
Write an argumentative essay about
space exploration
议论文是通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张的文体。
正反观点类议论文是其中的一种，通常提出某观点或某话题，并对此话题产生的两种对立观点进行正反两方面的论证，最后给出自己的看法。
Write an argumentative essay about
space exploration
观点类作文
就“探索太空”话题分析评论
一般现在时
第一、第三人称
首段：引入话题，点明观点
中段：支持和反对观点的理由
尾段：表达个人的观点
体裁话题
时态人称
文章架构
核心要点
开门见山点明话题
介绍两种相反观点及其理由
阐述自己的观点
Useful Expressions
be in favor of 赞成，支持
be opposed to 反对
result in 导致
as far as I am concerned 在我看来
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
some people argue that... 一些人主张……
Different people have different views on....
Every coin has two sides.
Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.
Taking all factors into consideration, we may come to the conclusion that...
Use what you have learnt to write about your
opinion about space exploration.
1. Are these arguments for or against
exploring space
A. There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on
Earth. So why are we going into space to
explore
B. It is necessary to find a new home for
people in space, as the resourses on Earth
will run out.
Against
Use what you have learnt to write about your
opinion about space exploration.
D. Exploring space encourages scientists to
improve technology that can help people in
other ways, too.
Now, add your own ideas and write your essay.
C. I cannot understand spending all this money
on experience research and experiments
when so many people need food.
Against
2. Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the
checklist to give feedback on your
partner's draft.
Does the introduction state the topic
Does the introduction express different opinions about the topic
Does the body give arguments with suitable supporting information
Does the closing express the writer's opinion and end properly
Are there any grammar, spelling, or puntuation errors
3. Get your draft back and revise it.
Sample Writing
Everyone gets excited by the news of the most recent space flights, and I too share in people's sense of awe and wonder at the photos from space that we see. Having said that, it is hard to believe that the high cost of space flight is justified so that we can get some lovely pictures. We should be spending our money more wisely, on what people need.
I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food. Around the world, millions of people are hungry and dying of starvation. On the other hand, we hear on TV that for as
Space Exploration is a Waste of Time and Money
little as a dollar a day, a child in Africa can be saved. Considering the billions spent on space travel, it just seems a better investment to feed the hungry.
Some people argue that someday we will have to go live in space because the world will be made impossible to live in
through pollution. This seems silly. When your house gets dirty, you spend the time and money to clean it up. You don't move house simply because you need to wash your windows or vacuum the floor. In the same way, it makes more sense to use our time and money to take care of our planet, rather than look for a new home.
Finally, there are a lot of unsolved mysteries on the earth. So why are we going into space to explore There are still
many things to discover in the ocean depths and the Antarctic. But we do not even have to go that far: Science has yet to unlock all the mysteries of the atom, and there are many realms of technology that we are just beginning to understand and explore.
In the end, it just does not seem a very wise investment to go to space. We have too many needs here on the earth to be wasting our effort on space exploration.
Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.
Presentation
I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
目的
目的
First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
目的
Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.
Presentation
Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
做后置定语，修饰dream
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
做后置定语，修饰the first person
不定式作定语、状语
Infinitives(1)
一、不定式的定义：
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词
原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不
能独立作谓语【非谓语动词的一种】。
知识点1：不定式（to do）在句子里可充当_______和_______成分。
后置定语
状语
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
The matter to be discussed is important.
将要被讨论的事情很重要。
①动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
1.不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。
用不定式作定语的几种情况
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
1. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。
2. You are the only person to be late.
3. The manager is the last to come to the
meeting.
②名词前有the first, the last, the next, the only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
③抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But Justin has the ability and desire to do more demanding work.
但是Justin有能力和愿望去做要求更高的工作。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗？
即学即练 单句语法填空
1. The airport __________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2. Do you have something _______ (do) tonight
3. The best way _______ (improve) your English is to join an English club.
to be completed
to do
to improve
（二）不定式作目的状语
1. A group of young people gathered together to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。
2. In order to help him, would do everything we can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。
※ 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
例：I said that to encourage him.
（二）不定式作目的状语
1. I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。
2. 目的状语：置于句首时只用to do/in order to do.如用于表示否定，in order或so as不能省略，用in order not to do或so as not to do形式。
（二）不定式作目的状语
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
=He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试
3. 不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句
（二）不定式作原因状语和结果状语
3. 结果状语：多见于“too...to（太...以不能）”；“enough to...”；“only to do”“so/such...as to（如此...以至于）句型中。
1. He rushed back, only to find the book missing.
2. He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
3. She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。
She was disappointed to hear the news.她听到新闻很失望。
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。
动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；
而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
His father passed away, leaving him a little money.
他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。
Practice
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly.
Examples:
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first
person who got married in space.
In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
Practice
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.
2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water
so that it can be recycled for later use.
3. Mankind has always been curious about the
universe and many people have dreamt
that one day they would fly into space.
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________________.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day
4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy.
Practice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________.
___________________________________
___________________________________
________________________.
5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything
down while working in space because everything
would float off otherwise.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move
slowly so that they can keep their bodies
under control.
During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control
Astronants have to use tape to stick everything
down while working in space to / in order to /
so as to keep everything from floating off
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal
_________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _______ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _____ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing______ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists
to achieve
using
to get
known
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
figure out a way ________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。
He is always _________________ and the last one to leave the office.
4.有足够的食物供客人享用。
There is enough food for the guests _______.
Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.
Production
1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。
__________________, you need a special pen.
2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。
He arrived late _________________________.
To draw maps correctly
to enjoy
the first one to come
to find the others had gone home

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