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【2022一轮复习】时态专项——时态和语态
真题链接
1. As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021北京)
2. There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years. (2021北京)
3. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 __________ (consider) healthy. (2021浙江)
4. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. (2021浙江)
5. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard
it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021新高考I卷)
6. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.
It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021全国甲卷)
7. Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food __________ (need). (2020年7月浙江)
8. By about 6000 BC, people __________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (2020年7月浙江)
9. New methods __________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. (2020年7月浙江)
10. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020全国Ⅰ)
11. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 __________ (be) 30. (2020年1月浙江)
12. Because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct). (2020全国Ⅰ)
13. However, greater attention should _________ (place) on longevity (长寿). (2020年1月浙江)
14. On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国Ⅲ)
15. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019全国Ⅰ)
16. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019全国Ⅱ)
17. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________ (make) over the years. (2019全国Ⅱ)
18. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国Ⅲ)
19. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody __________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). (2019浙江)
20. One study in America found that students’ grades __________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. (2019浙江)
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1. China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which __________ (continue) all the way through into modern times. (2021届杭二中10月)
2. Sometimes a report __________ (divide) into a number of categories. (2021届名校协作体9月改编)
3. According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people __________ (choose) veganism over the past decade. (2021高三八校第二次联考)
4. Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades __________ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands. (2021安徽省高三联考)
5. They made up their minds that they __________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. (2021浙江嘉兴基础测试)
6. Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles __________ (use) mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean. (2021河南省高三质量检测)
7. Hot pot restaurants can __________ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely. (2021成都第二次诊断)
8. This was the first time I __________ (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again. (2021沈阳监测)
9. Greta Thunberg, a 16 year old Swedish climate change activist, __________ (elect) as 2019’s “Person of The Year” last week. (2021濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟)
10. Eggs are great for breakfast and can __________ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones. (2021江西省南昌市高三二模)
11. At present, Tech giants Apple and Google __________ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19. (2020江西省重点中学盟校联考)
12. In the 1950s, it __________ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap. (2020届江西临川二中月考一)
13. He said what he had hoped __________ (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finishing line. (2020届江西南昌开学摸底)
14. Then it __________ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. (2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底)
15. Thinking about the positive feedback he got from those who __________ (taste) his fried chicken, the old man decided that he was not going to settle for a quiet retirement. (2020届山西太原五中9月月考)
16. In the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols __________ (carve) by ancient Chinese people. (2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测)
17. In 1976, he __________ (rank) as the world’s second recognizable celebrity. (2020届山西太原五中9月月考，49)
18. Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing _______ (do) to save them. (2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试)
19. At that time, despite its long history and many treasures, the cathedral __________ (need) the help of a writer to become truly famous. (2020浙南名校一模)
20. After the rubbish __________ (sort), it needs to be collected and then taken to different rubbish recycling centers. (2020杭高5月仿真)
21. It’s not the only major forest in danger. Nearly half of the world’s forests that __________ (stand) when humans started farming are now gone. (2020绍兴考前诊断)
22. Environmental groups say these activities can __________ (slow) in a much more sustainable way. (2020绍兴考前诊断)
23. While this once __________ (mean) getting outside and enjoying life, more people are remaining indoors thanks to smartphones and many other modern conveniences. (2020嘉兴4月联考)
24. It is believed that the first chopsticks __________ (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. (2020泉州3月)
25. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols __________ (become) a well-developed writing system. (2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测1)
26. In the mid-1800s, British and American English further developed in different ways and “fall” was the common word for “autumn” in the US, while “autumn” __________ (regard) as the word for “fall” in Britain. (2020河北3月联考)
27. The problem is that once something __________ (put) on the Internet, it can be difficult to remove.
28. “It gets to the point where they’re on the phone constantly and most of them __________ (play) games all the time,” Pettit said.
29. Mr. Perkins always __________ (wear) the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.
30. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that __________ (leave) on the footpath.
31. Three years ago, he __________ (seek) assistance at a recovery center, the very large tent city in downtown LA.
32. Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads __________ (build).
33. Her only chance of recovery appeared to lie in a blood transfusion (输血) from her 5-year-old brother, who __________ (develop) the antibodies (抗体) needed to fight against the illness.
34. The villagers are very friendly. All the visitors to the village __________ (treat) with kindness.
35. If these surfaces __________ (touch), the virus may be on your hands.
36. You are not allowed to go into the meeting room. A secret plan __________ (discuss) there.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
Ocean pollution 1. __________ (be) serious. It can kill ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.
Pollution in the oceans severely 2. __________ (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As a result, their bellies 3. __________ (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals.
Ocean pollution 4. __________ (cause) risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result in disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 5. __________ (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.
In conclusion, it’s clear that ocean pollution is a challenging problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it.
Passage 2
These days, both women and men 1. __________ (surround) by magazines and websites full of tips on dieting, exercise and fashion. Gone 2. __________ (be) the days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things 3. __________ (change).
Now, a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit being unhappy about their bodies. The biggest body issues for them are beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is
due to the pressure or influence of models we 4. __________ (see) on TV and in magazines. People end up with a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody
5. __________ (want) to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic designer has even 6. __________ (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt to make the buyer look more of a hunk (猛男).
But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept that they need to do more exercise regularly. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget beauty is only skin-deep. Character is more important than appearance.
Passage 3
It is widely accepted that optimistic attitudes promote health as well as happiness. The secret of a long life 1. __________ (seek) for a long time. Today we can reveal it: always look on the bright side. A huge research project which 2. __________ (lead) by scientists at Boston University School of Medicine 3. __________ (conclude) that optimists live longer.
Lewina Lee, lead author of the study, said, “A lot of evidence 4. __________ (suggest) that exceptional longevity 5. __________ (accompany) widely by a longer span of good health and living without disability. Therefore, our findings raise an exciting possibility that we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
However, the study doesn’t suggest that we should aim for great pleasure. Sadness is an important part of the human condition. Any normal person sometimes 6. __________ (experience) disappointment and the loss of loved ones. But for many people, these matters of human existence 7. __________ (transform) into an abnormal state of despair. There 8. __________ (be) a vital place in public health for providing mental treatment in helping to correct these cognitive errors.
参考答案
真题链接
1. connects 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，此处是在解释大脑运转的客观情况，故应该用一般现在时态。
2. has been 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，主句应该用现在完成时态。
3. is considered 考查动词的语态。根据句意可知，介于18和25之间的体质指数被认为是健康的。体质指数BMI和谓语动词consider之间构成被动关系，故此处应该用被动语态。另外，该句是在陈述客观事实，故应该用一般现在时态。
4. was 考查动词的时态。根据上句介绍的时间段可知，本句接续上句，介绍的依然是1985年到2017年（过去的时间段）的情况，故应该用一般过去时态。
5. was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。
6. was built 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这里介绍的是过去发生在唐朝的情况，所以应该用一般过去时态；另外，主语是第三人称单数it，和谓语动词build构成被动关系，所以用was built。
7. was needed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：而且，由于更多的孩子出生，就需要更多的食物。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态，主语more food和谓语动词need之间构成被动关系，又因为主语more food是不可数名词，所以该处填was needed。
8. had discovered 考查动词的时态。句意：到公元前六千年，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且由时间状语by about 6000 BC可知，此处应用过去完成时。
9. meant 考查动词的时态。句意：新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业工作。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且由后面的过去式worked可知，此处应填过去式。
10. touched 考查动词的时态。句意：嫦娥四号无人探测器——其命名是从中国古代的一位月亮女神那里得到的启发——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。由时间状语last week可知，此处应用过去式。
11. was 考查动词的时态。句意：1950年美国人年龄的中位数是30岁。所填单词作句子的谓语，且根据时间状语in 1950可知，此处应填过去式。
12. is constructed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构造的信息。此处所填单词作宾语从句的谓语，同时表示被动关系；且此处描述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
13. be placed 考查动词的语态。句意：然而，应该更大程度地关注长寿（这个因素）。主语attention和谓语动词place构成被动关系，故此处应用被动语态；且由情态动词should可知，此处应填be placed。
14. were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语on the last day of our week-long stay和句意可知，此处填过去式形式；且根据空格后的to attend可知，此处符合sb. be invited to do sth.结构，故填were invited。
15. have reported 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知，本句应用现在完成时。
16. declared 考查动词的时态。根据从句的谓语动词had以及全句意思可知主句要用一般过去时，故此处填过去式。
17. have made 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时。
18. recommended 考查动词的时态。根据and可知所填单词与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构，故此处填recommended。
19. has/will have 考查动词的时态。根据when every pupil in the school wears可知, 此处可用一般现在时表示一般的事实，或用一般将来时表示将要发生的动作。
20. improved 考查动词的时态。根据found可知，that引导的宾语从句应用相应的过去时态，根据句意可知此处应用一般过去时态。
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
1. has continued 考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；句子主语为civilization，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填has continued。
2. is divided 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时一份报告会分成许多类别。所填单词作句子的谓语，主语report与谓语动词divide构成被动关系，且由标志词sometimes知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数名词report，谓语动词应用单数。故填is divided。
3. have chosen 考查动词的时态。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。根据时间状语over the past decade可知，句子应用现在完成时态。
4. has seen/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，The past four decades是句子的主语，它作主语时，既可以理解为一个整体，单数概念，也可以理解为复数概念，所以谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，另外，根据句意可知，此处表示过去的四十年见证了……，该动作从过去一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时态，故填has seen/have seen。
5. would buy 考查动词的时态。句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。
6. are used 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：塑料微珠或细小的固体塑料微粒在化妆品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中被广泛使用。该段的主时态是一般现在时，Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
7. be found 考查动词的语态。句子主语Hot pot restaurants和谓语动词find之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，又因为谓语动词的前面有情态动词can，所以此处填be found。
8. had experienced 考查动词时态。此题考查固定句式“This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”，因此从句用过去完成时。
9. was elected 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，主语Greta Thunberg和elect之间是被动关系，另外，由last week判断，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was elected。
10. be cooked 考查动词的语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形，故填be cooked。
11. are teaming 考查动词的时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。根据时间状语at present可知，是叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此用现在进行时be doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech giants Apple and Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式，故填are teaming。
12. was考查动词的时态。句意：在20世纪50年代，它还是一个贫穷的地区，那里的所有东西都很廉价。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填was。
13. was考查动词的时态。句意：他说他所希望的是，微笑会使他轻松地到达终点线。主句是一般过去时态，设空处是宾语从句的谓语，表示过去的情况，时态应该和主句保持一致，需用一般过去时，故填was。
14. found 考查动词的时态。句意：然后，它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里找到一些食物，开始吃起来。根据本句中的另一个谓语动词started（一般过去时）可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填found。
15. had tasted 考查动词的时态。句意：考虑到来自那些品尝过他的炸鸡的人的正面反馈，这位老人决定他不会安于平静的退休生活。设空处表示的行为先于got（一般过去时），表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时had tasted。
16. were carved 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一开始，汉语书面语是一种基于图画的语言。它可以追溯到几千年前古代中国人在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻的一些符号。本句中on which symbols __________ (carve) by ancient Chinese people为定语从句，设空处作定语从句的谓语，介绍过去的行为，需用一般过去时态，且symbols与动词carve为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态。综上所述，本空填were carved。
17. was ranked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在1976年，他被评定为世界上第二大公众名人。根据时间状语In 1976可知，设空处用一般过去时，且主语he与动词rank为被动关系，故填一般过去时的被动语态形式was ranked。
18. is done 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：科学家们说如果不采取任何措施来拯救它们，在未来20年里，帝王蝶将面临灭绝的危险。根据本句中的will be（一般将来时）可知，if引导的状语从句应该用一般现在时表示将来，此外，nothing与do为被动关系，故设空处用被动语态。综上所述，设空处填一般现在时的被动语态形式is done。
19. needed 考查动词的时态。句意：在那个时候，大教堂尽管历史悠久，藏宝众多，但需要一位作家的帮助才能真正出名。由时间状语At that time可知，本句应用一般过去时，故此处填动词的过去式needed。
20. is sorted 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：垃圾分类后，需要收集，然后送到不同的垃圾回收中心。根据主句动词needs可知本空应用一般现在时；主语the rubbish和sort之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
21. had stood 考查动词的时态。句意：它并非唯一一片面临危险的主要森林。当人类开始耕种时就已经存在于世界上的森林，现在几乎一半都消失了。所填单词作定语从句的谓语。根据句意可知，此处应该用过去完成时态。
22. be slowed 考查动词的语态。句意：环保组织称，能够以一种更可持续的方式来延缓这些行动。these activities与slow之间为被动关系，同时slow又是在情态动词can之后，故此处填be slowed。
23. meant 考查动词的时态。句意：虽然这曾经是一种外出享受生活的方式，但由于智能手机和许多其他现代化的便利设施的出现，现在更多的人留在了室内。根据once“曾经”可知，此处需要用一般过去时，故填meant。
24. were developed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据认为，最早的筷子是5000多年前在中国发明的。主语从句的主语是复数名词chopsticks，和谓语动词develop构成被动关系；再根据时间状语over 5,000 years ago可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were developed。
25. had become 考查动词的时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字体系。根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知，设空处表示“到过去某一时间的行为”，需用过去完成时态，故填had become。
26. was regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：19世纪中叶，英式英语和美式英语以不同的方式得到进一步发展；fall在美国是“秋天”的常用词，而在英国autumn则被视为“秋天”的用词。所填单词作句子的谓语，根据上文中的时态，再结合autumn和regard构成被动关系可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语autumn为单数第三人称，故空处填was regarded。
27. is put/has been put 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：问题是，某样东西一旦被放到互联网上，就很难删除。句子主语something为单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词put之间是被动关系，结合句意可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时态的被动语态都可以，故答案为is put/has been put。
28. are playing 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，该空填动词，同时该句在引号里面，全句都用现在范畴的时态，而all the time又提示他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。all the time与现在进行时连用表示说话人的一种情感，此处表示Pettit的不满情绪，故填are playing。
29. wore 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，此处所填单词作谓语，和后面的谓语动词ate构成并列成份，因为ate是一般过去时态，故此处应该用动词的过去形式wore。
30. had been left 考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知，此处意为“被遗留”，故应采用被动语态；由前文had found可知，“被遗留”这个动作肯定发生在said这个动作之前，甚至在had found之前，故此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
31. sought 考查动词的时态。句意：三年前，他在洛杉矶市中心很大的帐篷城——康复中心寻求帮助。根据Three years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时态，故答案为sought。
32. will be built 考查动词的时态和语态。所填单词作谓语，主语和该动词之间构成被动关系。再根据句意，此处表示将来发生的动作，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
33. had developed 考查动词的时态。此处的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
34. are treated 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填动词。根据上一句的时态可知此处应用一般现在时，这两句话都在陈述客观事实；由于主语All the visitors和动词treat之间为被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
35. are touched 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果触摸了这些表面，那么病毒可能会出现你的手上。本句中主语these surfaces与谓语动词touch构成被动关系；且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为surfaces，谓语动词应用复数，故填are touched。
36. is being discussed 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填动词。此处指正在会议室讨论一个秘密计划，因此用现在进行时，由于主语plan和动词discuss之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态。
II. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
1. is 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染很严重。本句讲的是现在的情况，需用一般现在时；主语为Ocean pollution，根据提示词be可知设空处填is。
2. harms 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染物严重危害海洋生物。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时态。主语为Pollution，故填harms。
3. are filled 考查动词的语态。主语their bellies与fill为被动关系，故填are filled。
4. causes 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染对人类也会构成威胁。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时态。主语为Ocean pollution，与cause为主动关系，故填causes。
5. be poisoned 考查动词的语态。句意：此外，人们会吃可能被石油泄漏导致的有害化学物质和海水中的垃圾污染的鱼。句中which引导的是定语从句，先行词为fish，与poison为被动关系，故设空处填be poisoned。
Passage 2
1. are surrounded 考查动词的语态。主语both women and men与surround为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态。
2. are 考查动词的时态。句意：为了显得睿智、英俊，所有男士考虑穿漂亮的西装的时代一去不复返了。本句为倒装句，正常语序为：The days when all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome __________ (be) gone.设空处讲的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时；主语days为复数名词，故填are。
3. have changed 考查动词的时态。句意：事情都发生了变化。根据上下文可知设空处用现在完成时态，主语Things为复数名词，故填have changed。
4. see/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：一些人认为这种突如其来的虚荣心是我们受在电视或在杂志上看到的模特的影响导致的。本句中动作see表示现在的习惯性动作，也可表示开始于过去但持续到现在的动作，故设空处用一般现在时或现在完成时态see/have seen。
5. wants 考查动词的时态。句意：但是并非每个人都想尽全力拥有像阿诺德·施瓦辛格那样的完美肌肉。主语everybody属单数第三人称概念，故设空处填wants。
6. invented 考查动词的时态。句意：一名投机的设计师甚至发明了一款增强肌肉感的衬衫以使购买者看上去更像猛男。根据设空处前的has可知设空处需填过去分词，与has构成现在完成时态。
Passage 3
1. has been sought 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：长寿的秘诀是人们长久以来一直在探索的。名词secret和动词seek之间是被动关系，且由时间状语for a long time可知，此处应用现在完成时态的被动语态。
2. was/is led 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：波士顿大学医学院的科学家们领导了一个大型研究项目，得出乐观主义者寿命更长的结论。所填单词作谓语，同时表示被动关系。此处可以指实验已经结束，也可指一个事实，因此用一般现在时和一般过去时均可。
3. concludes 考查动词的时态。此处表示实验的结论，表示客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
4. suggests 考查动词的时态。句意：大量证据表明，很大程度上与罕见的长寿相伴随的是更持久的好身体和没有残疾的生活。此处陈述事实，因此用一般现在时。
5. is accompanied 考查动词的时态和语态。这里陈述事实，并且表示被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
6. experiences 考查动词的时态。句意：任何正常人有时都会经历失望和失去所爱的人或物的痛苦。所填单词作谓语，主语是单数形式，且此处表示客观事实，所以应用动词的单数形式。
7. are transformed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：但对许多人来说，这些关于人类生存的问题变成了一种不正常的绝望状态。transform是及物动词，主语matters与该动词构成被动关系；且此处陈述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
8. is 考查动词的时态。此处是there be结构，其后是单数名词a vital place，且此处陈述的是客观事实，故填is。

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