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(共29张PPT)
初中英语语法大全
时态
时态是句子的谓话通过自身的变化来表示动作成情况发生时的各种形式，英语动词时态共有16种但中学阶段要求掌握的有8种。动词的时态构成形式如下：
一、般现在时
(1)表示现在经常性习惯性的动作或状态。
eg: My school isn't far, so I always go to school on foot. 我的学校不远，因此我总是步行去上学。
eg: My mother usually gets up at six in the morning. 我妈妈通常在早上6点起床。
eg: Tom sometimes drives to work. 汤姆有时候开车去上班。
(2)表示主语现在的特征或状态。
eg: Tom has a good sense of humor. 汤姆很有幽默感。
eg: She is quite well today. Yesterday she was sick. 她今天很好，昨天她病了。
eg: I like maths very much. 我非常喜欢数学。
(3)表示各观真理、一般性事实、俗语及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
eg: The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
eg: Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辨。
eg: Paris stands on the Seine River. 巴黎位于塞纳河边。
(4)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时。
eg: Ben will like her as soon as he sees her. 本看到她就会喜欢地的。
eg: If Bob stays away from the junk food, he will be in good health. 如果鲍勃的远离垃圾食品，他将会身体健康。
eg: We will go for picnic if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
二、一般过去时
(1)表示在过去确定的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
eg: Lucy was a student last year, but now she is a teacher. 露西去年是一名学生，但是现在她是一名老师。
eg: Where were you last Saturday --- I was in the Capital Museum. 上周六你在哪里 我在首都博物馆。
eg: She didn't go out last night, because she had a headache. 她昨天晚上没有出去，因为地头痛。
（2）表示过去一段时间内经常性习惯性的动作或状态。
eg: Tom went to school on foot last year. 去年汤姆一直步行去上学。
eg: Betty often helped me out when we were middle school students. 在中学时贝蒂经常帮我走出困境。
(3)在时间条件等状语从句中代替过去将来时。
eg: We wouldn't leave until she came back. 她回来后我们才会离开。
eg: She said she would come if she was free that day. 她说如果那天有空，她会来的。
三、一般将来时
(1)be going to do结构
表示打算计划要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的事。
eg: I'm going to ski tomorrow.明天我要去滑雪。(计划、打算)
eg: It' s going to be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将会是个好天气。(迹象表明要发生)
(2)will /shall do结构
will/shall do结构表示未经过事先考虑的意图，当主语是第一人称时用shall, will可用于各种人称。
eg: How long will the work take 这项工作要花多长时间 (推测)
eg: From now on I will shall come for the newspapers every Monday.
从现在起，我每周一都来拿报纸。(打算)
(3) 一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来
一般现在时表示将来，常表示按时间表、 日程表等的安排将要发生的动作。现在进行时表示将来，多与表示位移的动词come, go, arrive, fly, start等连用。
eg: My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning. 我乘坐的飞机明天早上7点起飞。
eg: The new term begins on September 1. 新学期9月1日开学。
要点提升
be going to和will的区别
(1)be going to do指已计划过或思考过的意图或打算,will do表示未事先思考或未计划而临时做出的决定。
eg: I’m going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他。(事先经过思考)
eg: I’ll answer the door. 我去开门。(未经事先考虑)
(2)be going to do可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will do则表明说话者的主观意识。
eg: Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看看这些云，暴风雨要来了。(客观迹象表明要发生)
eg: I hope it will be warm tomorrow. 我希望明天会暖和起来。(主观意愿)
四、过去将来时
(1)表示从过去某一个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
eg: She told us that she would not go with us. 她告诉我们她不会跟我们一起去。
eg: We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们从来没有想过约翰会成为一名医生。
(2) 过去将来时也可用was/were going to do, was/were to do, was/were about to do等形式表示。
eg: Lucy promised she was going to come the next day. 露西答应她第二天要来。
eg: We didn't know whether they were going to give us a talk this afternoon.
我们不知道他们今天下午是否给我们做报告。
五、现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
eg: Listen! She is singing an English song. 听!她正在唱一首英文歌曲。
eg: May I speak to the headmaster --- He is having a meeting now. Can I take a message
我可以和校长说话吗 --- 他现在正在开会。要我传个话吗
（2）表示现阶段发生，但此时此刻不一定正在进行的动作。
eg：The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。
eg： It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。
(3) 与always，usually, forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作，常含有赞扬、不满厌烦奇怪等感彩。
eg: My friends is coming for dinner. 我的朋友要来吃饭。
eg: We are flying to Paris tomorrow. 明天我们将飞往巴黎。
六．过去进行时
(1) 表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
eg: I was watching the football match at 10:00 last night. 昨晚10点我在看足球赛。
eg: --- We couldn’t find you anywhere around 8:00 yesterday evening.
--- I’m sorry for that. My mother and I were dancing in the square.
(2)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的动作。
eg: I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning. 整个早上我都在收拾、清理起居室。
eg: They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn't turn up. 他们昨天一直在等你，可你没来。
(3)与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可以表示满意称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩通常与always等副词连用。
eg: They were always quarreling. 他们总是吵架。(表示责备)
eg: The girl was always changing her mind. 那个女孩总是改变主意。(表示责备)
(4) 表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时常与when, while, as引导的时间状语连用。
eg: When Jim’s mother came in, he was doing his homework.当妈妈进来的时候，吉姆正在做家庭作业。
eg: My brother fall and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 我弟弟在骑自行车时摔倒并受伤了。
七．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响。
eg: He has turned off the light.
eg: I have never seen such fine pictures before.
eg: He has just gone to England.
eg: Have you packed yet
(2)表从过去开始一直延续到现在（可能延续下去）的 动作或状态。
eg: He has lived here since 1995.
eg: I have been away from my hometown for thirty years. 我离开家乡有30年了。
eg: Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
知识归纳
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:表示不确定的过去时间状语,如already, before, recently, just;频度时间状语，如never, ever, once;包括现在时刻在内的时间状语，如this morning, today;表示一段时间的状语，如since/ for..:.;与现在时刻相连的时间状语，如up to now, so far等。
(3)have gone to和have been to的区别
have gone to表示“去而未归”; have been to表示“去已归来”。
eg: --- Hello, may I speak to Zhang Jun ---- Oh, sorry! He has gone to Guiyang.
你好,我可以和张军通话吗 --- 噢,抱歉。他去贵阳了。
eg: John knows the way well. He has been to the city before. 约翰很熟悉那条路。他以前去过那个城市。
八．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去之前已经发生的动作，一般需有过去的某一时间作参照。
eg: When I telephoned Sue, she had gone out. 我给苏打电话时，她已经出去了。
eg: When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 警察赶到时，小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief had run away.
The police arrived.
(2) 表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到过 去另一个时间的动作或状态。
She found she had left her handbag on the bus.
He had learned English for five years before he moved to Australia.
（3）表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等过去完成时表示“原本想......”（事实上并没有完成）之意。
eg: They had planned to see us off at the airport. 他们本打算去机场给我们送行的。
eg: I had expected to see you yesterday,but I was too buy. 我昨天本想去看你，可太忙了。

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