资源简介

北京市2021-2022学年各区高三英语一模试题阅读理解专项汇编
专题03 阅读理解
北京市东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It's not just about the race-it's about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running-minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou,Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing &. Evening Celebration Party
*On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3. 5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6-8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www. greatwallmarathon.com.
21.What will participants do on Route Inspection Day
A. Enjoy the Fun Run.
B. Join in a 3. 5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance.
D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list
B. can change distances on Race Day
C. should be at least 12 years old
D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To advertise a sport event.
B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp.
D. To publicize a place of interest.
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He'd hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he'd planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost," he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man's legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He's often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There's an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean's photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He's got to be on the south side because there're not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean's story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There's no such thing as useless knowledge.
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant（神经植入物）in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces（接口），or BCIs， which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details-what patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption（加密），safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode（解码） brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Secure. B. Stable. C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The future trend of BCIs.
B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs.
D. The general applications of BCIs.
D
Journal-based peer review-the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field-is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature Well, yes and no.
I'm not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I'd still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive（过多的）rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently-fittingly, in a preprint-preprints may be a way out because they don't involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won't accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science"-something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results-a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals' excessive preoccupation（关注）with new discoveries. Furthermore， preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web's culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters-on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1,what is the popular opinion on peer review
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What's the author's opinion on the growing use of preprints
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B. It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34.This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
北京市西城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Chinese Dual Language Immersion Program(CDLIP)
What is Dual Language Immersion
Dual language immersion provides academic instruction in two languages. The Pasadena Unified School District currently offers a Chinese-English immersion program.
Why Choose the CDLIP
Leaning a second language awakens curiosity and respect for other nations and their cultures. Chinese is not only a rich language with a long literary tradition, but it has also emerged as an influential worldwide language. Our C'DLIP promotes cross-cultural sensitivity, so that students can learn about the globalized world. For native Chinese speakers, our program ensures full development and mastery of English language arts while helping them become more fluent in their mother tongue.
Our Classrooms
The CDLIP serves primary school students, from kindergarten through second grade. Grades 3, 4 and 5 will be added in September of 2022,2023 and 2024. respectively. The program is currently located at Luther Burbank Primary School. On any given day, you might find a classroom full of kindergarteners counting and sorting coins, first graders singing “The More We Get Together”, or second graders describing physics experiments-all in Chinese!
How Does the Program Work
CDLIP classrooms combine native and non-native speakers so that all students may succeed in both Chinese and English. We apply a Two-Way 90:10 Model. In kindergarten, 90% of the day's instruction is in Chinese and 10% is devoted to improving English oral language and the ability to read and write. As children progress through grade levels, the percentage of English instruction gradually increases, finally achieving a 50:50 split by fifth grade.
To Register Your Child
Language learning is a long-term process, so parents are asked to register their children for the full six years.
●Register online at www.pusd.us/oe between June 13 and 23.
●The program is free. supported by the Pasadena Unified School District.
●For kindergarten, no knowledge of Chinese is necessary. (Some knowledge of Chinese is expected for students entering grades 1-3.)
●Applications will be accepted after the deadline if spaces are still available.
●If you would like assistance completing your application, please contact ty Li at Burbank Primary School (626) 396-5760 or visit PUSD Welcome Center.
21.After attending the CDLIP, students will be able to ______.
A. master Chinese arts
B. understand world history
C. hand down Traditional literature
D. develop cross-cultural awareness
22.The CDLIP is intended for______.
A. Chinese teaching assistants
B. children and their parents
C. primary school students
D. 1-3-year-old children
23.What can you find in CDLIP classes
A. Kindergarteners spending more time practicing reading.
B. Students learning through songs and activities.
C. Higher-grade students using mostly Chinese.
D. Students focusing on science vocabulary.
24.What can we learn about the registration
A. Parents need to pay the program fee.
B. Students must be registered every year.
C. Spaces are usually available after the deadlink.
D. PUSD Welcome Center offers help with registration.
B
Every summer he came to our village on his cycle. The cycle was full of coconuts and on the handle was his small red money purse and the machete that he used to cut the coconuts. He always work a blue and black checkered lungi and was known for his toothless smile that tended to turn into a slight laugh.
He often announced the arrival of summer by standing under our village's Gulmohar tree. During the first touch of summer, red flowers fell on the ground and welcomed him to our village: soon the red lowers turned into long sword-like fruits which hung above his head as he cut the coconuts.
He never ate anything except paan (a kind of leaf),which he always could be seen chewing, and he just sat under the tree until someone approached him. Then, he would choose the best coconut, and with expert skill; carve it so that the person could drink the satisfying liquid.
For mc he was an artist who knew how to carve the green coconut into an oasis（绿洲） of relief. He was the coconut whisperer, who knew which one had more water. Nobody ever talked about him, for he was of no significance to the busy people of our village. His existence will forever be tied to the shadow of the Gulmohar tree.
Nowadays, he doesn't do much business. Kids no longer care for coconut water; they want soft drinks. I know his weak body will fail him in the coming years. He will not visit our village, and with him, all my memories of summer will disappear. No one will miss him apart from the Gulmohar tree, his only friend.
My friends and I have stayed in the same village our whole life. Now, in our mid-thirties, we don't have time to talk about our childhood and the life beyond the chains of society.
I've made up my mind. Tomorrow I will talk with him. I will listen to him and preserve him in my memory. I will tell him how important he was for me, how he defined summer for me， and， during every summer， how he nurtured（滋养）me with the coconut water, which was filled with his love. I will take in his smile one last time-a remembrance of my childhood innocence. I will hug him until my tears mix with his.
25.What did the kids of the village receive from the coconut seller
A. Amusing toothless smiles.
B. Refreshment in summer.
C. Coconut carving skills.
D. Invaluable experience.
26. In the eyes of the author, the coconut seller is ______.
A. a magician in his childhood
B. a hero during changing times
C. a survivor of a forgotten minority
D. a protector of a precious tradition
27. What message does the author want to express
A. Pass on what is yours to the next generation.
B. Free yourself from the pressure of society.
C. Enjoy the simple things in your busy life.
D. Appreciate something before it's gone.
C
One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this:
“Why isn't my kid playing ”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost" coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else" parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn't playing is simple:
“They're just not good enough."
“He/she just isn't fast enough.”
“He/she just isn't strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they're good at, and what they're not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team（校队） or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team. have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy. need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don't possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing. by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn "no". They don't know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don't get their. Own way.
It's awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they are going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who are more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they're going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it's good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
28.What does the underlined word “blunt" probably mean
A. Impatient. B. Annoying. C .Direct. D. Serious.
29.The author believes that ______.
A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B. people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
30. What probably motivated the author to write this passage
A. Coaches' mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B. Parents' unrealistic views of kids' playing time.
C. Children's ignorance of the meaning of sports and life.
D. The public's doubts about why kids need to play sports.
D
The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as Xenobots, can now reproduce-and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name.
"Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo （胚胎） and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop.
“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it's a robot, but it's also clearly an organism made from frog cells."
The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate（自我复制）.But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used "kinetic replication＂-a process that is known to occur at the molecular （分子）level.
With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots.
“The Al didn't program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.”
The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer-and don't yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems," Bongard said.
31.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______.
A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material
32.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage
A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.
B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.
C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.
D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s.
33.What is the author's attitude towards future applications of xenobots
A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective.
34.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead
B. Are xenobots the future of artificial intelligence
C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction
D. Fact or fantasy Robots can reproduce
北京市海淀区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.
Proctor's Theatre, Newark, New Jersey
Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor's Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre's income.
Proctor's Theatre, Troy, New York
Originally opened as Proctor's Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor's Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today.
RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre, New York
Originally opened in 1928, RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.
Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia
The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.
21. In the late 1920s, Proctor's Theatre in Newark set up stands to________.
A. show respect for the guests
B. increase the theatre's income
C. promote newly released movies
D. compete with the street sellers
22. What can we know from the passage
A. RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre is well preserved.
B. Proctor's Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now.
C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.
D. Proctor's Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP.
23. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres.
B. To show the development of American theatres.
C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.
D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.
B
To the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it's two motorcycle helmets for mice.
Ever since I read Cleary's series about Ralph, the motorcycle-riding mouse, I've never looked at a pingpong ball-or the world-the same way. Amazing to think that it's been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.
And why shouldn't it be It's perfect.
How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Cleary’s genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.
While much of children's literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary's name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn't yet understand myself.
I've written eight children's books and have always kept Beverly's sense of wonder in mind. I don't remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children's authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else Beverly Cleary!
I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “That's fantastic! You did your project on children's authors and then you became one!”
“Yes,”I said. “And my best friend who did her project on dolphins--became a dolphin!”
“Really ” the students said in chorus.
And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.
That's what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny.
24. The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because ________.
A. it recorded animals’ life
B. it revealed the wisdom of life
C. it encouraged children to raise pets
D. it described the world from children's eyes
25. When learning the author's friend became a dolphin, the students felt ________.
A. amazed
B. doubtful
C. scared
D. confused
26. What is the passage mainly about
A. What the author created to attract children.
B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible.
C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children's interest in reading.
D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary.
C
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier (冰川) on the Swiss Alps' Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's (崩塌) critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. This was different," Johnson says. A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse - a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier 's main body - is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier " can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs," says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around а much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across а mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zürich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this," she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade 's physical details.
27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3
A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
28. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar
A. The combination with other relevant signals.
B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.
D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
29. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. distinguishing different components of a signal
B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers
C. Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice Avalanches
D
In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts.
Conflicts of interest (COIs) occur when an individual's personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.
In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.
Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.
Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies.
Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse (要求回避) themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.
Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: "If you feel like you can't be an impartial (公正的) reviewer, that is considered a COI." Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. "Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive," says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. "During that process," she says, "if you make some money. that's good as well. "
31. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to______ .
A. raise a question B. report a finding
C. introduce a topic D. present a theory
32. To better deal with COIs, _____.
A. researchers have to quit their job at the university
B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist
C. institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationships
D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.
B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.
C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.
D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision.
34. What can we infer from the passage
A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.
B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.
C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.
D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.
北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Now you can create your own streaming videos with ATEM devices! Simply connect your cameras, computers or microphones. Then push the buttons on the panel to switch video sources just like a professional broadcaster! You can even add titles, picture-in-picture overlays and mix audio! Then livestream to Zoom, Skype or YouTube!
ATEM Mini
ATEM Mini is a new and low-cost live production switcher. All the buttons are positioned on the front panel so it’s very easy to learn. With ATEM Mini, you can create your own videos. There are 4 HDMI (高清多媒体接口) video inputs for connecting cameras and computers, plus a USB output that looks like a web camera so you can connect to Zoom or Skype. Besides, ATEM Mini is a really professional broadcast switcher, which means it has professional effects such as a DVE (Digital Video Effect) for picture-in-picture effects commonly used for explaining computer slides. There are titles for presenter names, wipe effects switching between sources and a green screen keyer (键盘控器) for replacing background with pictures. ATEM Software Control for Mac and PC is also included, which allows access to more advanced broadcast features!
ATEM Mini Pro
The ATEM Mini Pro model includes all the features found in ATEM Mini, plus more! It has a built-in hardware streaming engine for livestreaming via its Ethernet (以太网) connection. This means you can livestream to YouTube, Facebook and Twitter in much better quality and with perfectly smooth motion. You can even connect a hard disk or flash storage to the USB connection and record your stream for upload later! Moreover, with so many cameras, computers and effects, things can get busy fast! The ATEM Mini Pro model features a multiview that lets you see all cameras, titles and programs, plus streaming and recording status all on a single TV or monitor.
If you want to learn more, visit www.blackmagicdesign.com.
21. With ATEM devices, you can______ .
A. exchange video sources with others
B. take pictures and turn them into videos
C. livestream on social media platforms
D. compete with a professional broadcaster
22. According to the passage, ATEM Mini Pro ______ .
A. has more user-friendly buttons
B. features more HDMI video inputs
C. can change the background of a picture
D. can display several views on a single screen
23. Where does the passage most probably come from
A. A book review.
B. A travel journal.
C. A science magazine.
D. A research report.
B
I first discovered the Little Free Library concept while being on a 2015 vacation in Santa Barbara, California. I fell in love with the idea of free literature-sharing boxes posted at the edges of parks and along sidewalks in neighborhoods. And because our home was already filled with mountainous piles of books, my husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting a Little Free Library of our own. In our garden shed (棚) , we filled the shelves with books from our personal collection. Over the next two months, strangers discovered our Little Free Library and began their regular visit.
My love of reading dates back to 1970, when I studied in a three-room primary schoolhouse on a dirt road. One day, I accidentally came to the basement library and I was fascinated by the picture books. Unfortunately, the books were later thrown away when the school discovered the basement was full of mould (霉). Happily, weeks later, a truck arrived with a trailer—which, with the help of our county’s public library, had been transformed into a paradise (乐土) for those who enjoyed reading. Now I still remember the floor-to-ceiling shelves and the carpeted benches in it. Every time I left, I wrote my name on several sign-out cards, which were filled with names of children from neighboring schools. We liked the same books and, although we never met, I considered them friends.
At the beginning of the first COVID-19 lockdown, our Little Free Library began to include children’s stories. I witnessed mothers lifting their children for a look into the library. Walkers included our street in their route so they could check for new offerings. Some folks routinely drove from several blocks away to visit. From time to time, visitors filled shelves with literary fiction, romances, poetry and a range of non-fiction. I smiled when people met me in the yard and commented that our Little Free Library was like a bird feeder.
We remain grateful that we have kept our Little Free Library open. It has become an alternative means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.
24. What inspired the author to start the Little Free Library
A. Her large collection of books.
B. An experience during a vacation.
C. Her husband’s encouragement.
D. Strangers’ visit to her garden shed.
25. From the passage, we can learn that______ .
A. neighbouring schools donated books to the Little Free Library
B. the author’s enthusiasm for reading started from her childhood
C. children wrote their names on the sign-out cards to meet friends
D. the county’s public library became a perfect place for book lovers
26. People considered the Little Free Library a bird feeder because______.
A. it provided food for thought
B. it attracted birds for shelter
C. visitors could feed birds here
D. people could exchange books here
C
Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past 20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.
Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by learning how responsible journalism works. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged them to create it and why But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well, some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to do
Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.
To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still value uncertainty.
Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says Howard Schneider, director of the Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.
27. As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern
A. How to achieve its goal.
B. How to measure its progress.
C. How to avoid its side effects.
D. How to promote its importance.
28. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Importance. B. Variety. C. Motivation. D. Benefit.
29. The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to______.
A. compare different types of thinking
B. evaluate students’ mind development
C. explain a theory of educational psychology
D. stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels
30. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains
B. Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame
C. Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information
D. Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking
D
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice, and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.
To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.
So what is behind jumping Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
31. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.
C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.
32. What can we learn from the experiment
A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.
B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.
D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.
33. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more
A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.
D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.
34. What does the author intend to tell us
A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.
B. To think twice before we make our decisions.
C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.
D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.
北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Dear Jim O' Connor,
My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden, a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood.
While searching for potential garden locations, we came across your house located at West Southern Avenue. We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.
In general, a community garden is a space where plants are grown and taken care of by a group of people in the community. Community gardens improve the quality of life, offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.
To ensure the smooth running of the project, elected volunteers would be in charge. You would have access to all these volunteers and they would like to answer any questions you may have.
I have included some general information about community gardens and what they can bring to a community. We would love to speak with you in person or over the phone to discuss what hosting a community garden on your land would involve. Issues may include discussing an agreement, rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the costs for the project will be covered by us. We would also like to present to you our vision of this space.
We would very much like to have your support. Thank you for your consideration and please feel free to contact me. Thank you again.
Respectfully,
Annie Le
21. What did Annie Le write to Jim O'Connor
A. To rent his land.
B. To offer him a job.
C. To invite him to join her group.
D. To inform him of the community garden.
22. According to the passage, what will the garden bring to the community
A. More green projects.
B. Less water pollution.
C. More communication.
D. Higher cost of living.
23. Annie Le would like to further discuss__________.
A. service cost
B. cooperation details
C. gardening skills
D. community development
B
Local barber(理发师) goes above and beyond for a little boy
“That day started all wrong,” LaQuista Erinna said. “And we forgot his headphones. We were running late, traffic was horrible, so I knew it was going to be difficult that day.”
When Erinna and her son finally arrived at their appointment, it seemed like there was no way 6-year-oId Jackson, a boy with autism(自闭症), would be getting his hair cut.
"He just immediately got anxious," Erinna explained. “Usually I have to do some coaching to get him in the chair. He will put on his headphones, and we power through.”
Erinna said Jackson is a typical little boy who loves to play and loves art. But some tasks can be sensory overload, and haircuts are one of them.
The stress was so intense for mom and son that almost two years went by before Jackson got another haircut. But this time, he was in the hands of Ree, the barber, and things were getting easier.
Ree noticed his Super Mario Bros shirt and told him that he needed to save Mario by making sure no hair got on him. She cut his hair while he moved and ran around the shop. She talked to him throughout the entire process, encouraging him and reminding him about protecting Mario to keep him engaged.
"It just touched me so much,” Erinna said. "She nurtured that relationship. She gained his trust.”
“I feel good I can go above and beyond for a child.” Ree said. “I know children want to be free. They want to express themselves so I try to find a different strategy to make them feel comfortable.”
Jackson’s smile told the rest of the story.
Erinna was very moved by her son's haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. Given the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support Ree to make sure she's able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic(流行病).
24. What usually helped to calm Jackson during haircuts
A. His mother's trust.
B. His art books.
C. His barber's encouragement.
D. His headphones.
25. How did Ree succeed in cutting Jackson's hair
A. By inspiring him to be brave.
B. By cooperating with his mother.
C. By turning the haircut into a game.
D. By telling stories about Super Mario.
26. To express thanks to Ree, Erinna______________.
A. raise money to support her
B. advertised her haircutting skills
C. got haircuts at her shop regularly
D. posted photos of Jackson’s haircut online
27. Which of the following words can best describe Ree
A. Kind and honest.
B. Caring and generous.
C. Patient and creative.
D. Confident and friendly.
C
The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring the simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation（平方反比关系）between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive（直觉的）that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how frequently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping― obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical pattern is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with gravity models which assume that movement between cities is proportional(成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patterns within cities—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission. Epidemiologist(流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound(深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharper peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer, he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
What does the underlined word “optimize” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Slow down.
B. Keep a record of.
C. Think back on.
D. Make the most of.
Why does the author mention “gravity models” in paragraph 6
A. To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B. To stress importance of tracking diseases.
C. To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D. To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law
A. Diseases spread faster in rural areas than in big cities.
B. Trip distance seldom influences people's travel choices.
C. Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas.
D. City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
D
Earlier this week the online UK supermarket Ocado told its customers that it had “limited ability” to deliver the ice cream to them. Why Because the price of natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply of CO in the UK. And that has led to a cut in the supply of dry ice that supermarkets use to keep food cool in their delivery vans (小型货车). So no ice cream.
This mini crisis has been fairly quickly resolved, for now at least. However, that doesn't mean you shouldn't worry. This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come.
In his recently updated book There is No Planet B, Mike Berners-Lee lays out the challenge. When we talk about shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy of one kind or another, we aren't discussing taking the amount of energy we use now and producing that amount in a different way. Instead, our target is always on the move. The more energy we can get our hands on, the more we use—even if our use of it becomes more efficient.
Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions（转变）tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still.
This will change. But not as fast as you might like to think. In 2019, 33 percent of our new power generation needs were met by renewable energy. That's a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas.
There’s urgency here of course—which might speed things up. But there is something else that might slow us down. It didn't take much to move people to fossil fuels—they are relatively easy to extract, relatively easy to transport, hugely energy dense and efficient and, of course, cheap. Until their externalities were understood, who could possibly have objected Our current transition is different: people and companies will switch not because the new sources are easier to access, cheaper or more energy dense but because regulation mandates that they must.
Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. That means we should stop demonising them. Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved.
If we don't do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free.
31. What do the first two paragraphs mainly show
A. The necessity for traditional fuels.
B. Our enthusiasm for clean energy.
C. The seriousness of energy crisis.
D. UK's dependence on dry ice.
32. According to Mike Berners-Lee, _____.
A. we have more types of energy on hand
B. the use of energy becomes more efficient
C. energy transition is far from being realized
D. we are closer to the aim of replacing fossil fuels
33.The underlined word “demonising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by___.
A. wasting
B. devaluing
C. distributing
D. justifying
34.What is the writer s attitude toward the transition to renewable energy
A. Indifferent
B. Defensive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Cautious.
北京市石景山区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.
Is it safe
Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you'll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn't know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.
Where do I learn
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic licence; then you're free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you'll be able to choose much better once you've tried some out on your course.
Who can do it
There's no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
21. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1
A. What is paragliding
B. Who invented paragliding
C. How is paragliding special
D. Why is paragliding popular
22. According to the passage, paragliding is ________.
A. Exciting but tiring
B. Safe and relaxing
C. Attractive but expensive
D. Fast and challenging
23. What can we know from the passage
A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a week's training.
B
I remember driving to Palm Springs from San Diego two Thanksgivings ago. None of us pictured an icy blizzard (暴风雪) on our California vacation, but one hour into the drive, the first snowflake fell. My eyes lit up. I'd missed snow. Seeing it land on a prickly cactus made my tears well up. How I longed for cold Minnesota, my hometown.
As the altitude rose, the storm got fierce. It wasn't long before we had no choice but to pull over. As our car slid to a stop, I looked into the 北京市2021-2022学年各区高三英语一模试题 阅读理解专项汇编解析版
专题03 阅读理解
北京市东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It's not just about the race-it's about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running-minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou,Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing &. Evening Celebration Party
*On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3. 5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6-8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www. greatwallmarathon.com.
21.What will participants do on Route Inspection Day
A. Enjoy the Fun Run.
B. Join in a 3. 5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance.
D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list
B. can change distances on Race Day
C. should be at least 12 years old
D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To advertise a sport event.
B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp.
D. To publicize a place of interest.
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He'd hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he'd planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost," he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man's legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He's often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There's an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean's photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He's got to be on the south side because there're not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean's story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There's no such thing as useless knowledge.
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant（神经植入物）in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces（接口），or BCIs， which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details-what patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption（加密），safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode（解码） brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Secure. B. Stable. C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The future trend of BCIs.
B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs.
D. The general applications of BCIs.
D
Journal-based peer review-the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field-is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature Well, yes and no.
I'm not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I'd still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive（过多的）rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently-fittingly, in a preprint-preprints may be a way out because they don't involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won't accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science"-something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results-a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals' excessive preoccupation（关注）with new discoveries. Furthermore， preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web's culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters-on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1,what is the popular opinion on peer review
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What's the author's opinion on the growing use of preprints
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B. It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34.This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
【答案】
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.B
25.A 26.D 27.A 28.C
29.D 30.C 31.B 32.C
33.C 34.D
北京市西城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Chinese Dual Language Immersion Program(CDLIP)
What is Dual Language Immersion
Dual language immersion provides academic instruction in two languages. The Pasadena Unified School District currently offers a Chinese-English immersion program.
Why Choose the CDLIP
Leaning a second language awakens curiosity and respect for other nations and their cultures. Chinese is not only a rich language with a long literary tradition, but it has also emerged as an influential worldwide language. Our C'DLIP promotes cross-cultural sensitivity, so that students can learn about the globalized world. For native Chinese speakers, our program ensures full development and mastery of English language arts while helping them become more fluent in their mother tongue.
Our Classrooms
The CDLIP serves primary school students, from kindergarten through second grade. Grades 3, 4 and 5 will be added in September of 2022,2023 and 2024. respectively. The program is currently located at Luther Burbank Primary School. On any given day, you might find a classroom full of kindergarteners counting and sorting coins, first graders singing “The More We Get Together”, or second graders describing physics experiments-all in Chinese!
How Does the Program Work
CDLIP classrooms combine native and non-native speakers so that all students may succeed in both Chinese and English. We apply a Two-Way 90:10 Model. In kindergarten, 90% of the day's instruction is in Chinese and 10% is devoted to improving English oral language and the ability to read and write. As children progress through grade levels, the percentage of English instruction gradually increases, finally achieving a 50:50 split by fifth grade.
To Register Your Child
Language learning is a long-term process, so parents are asked to register their children for the full six years.
●Register online at www.pusd.us/oe between June 13 and 23.
●The program is free. supported by the Pasadena Unified School District.
●For kindergarten, no knowledge of Chinese is necessary. (Some knowledge of Chinese is expected for students entering grades 1-3.)
●Applications will be accepted after the deadline if spaces are still available.
●If you would like assistance completing your application, please contact ty Li at Burbank Primary School (626) 396-5760 or visit PUSD Welcome Center.
21.After attending the CDLIP, students will be able to ______.
A. master Chinese arts
B. understand world history
C. hand down Traditional literature
D. develop cross-cultural awareness
22.The CDLIP is intended for______.
A. Chinese teaching assistants
B. children and their parents
C. primary school students
D. 1-3-year-old children
23.What can you find in CDLIP classes
A. Kindergarteners spending more time practicing reading.
B. Students learning through songs and activities.
C. Higher-grade students using mostly Chinese.
D. Students focusing on science vocabulary.
24.What can we learn about the registration
A. Parents need to pay the program fee.
B. Students must be registered every year.
C. Spaces are usually available after the deadlink.
D. PUSD Welcome Center offers help with registration.
B
Every summer he came to our village on his cycle. The cycle was full of coconuts and on the handle was his small red money purse and the machete that he used to cut the coconuts. He always work a blue and black checkered lungi and was known for his toothless smile that tended to turn into a slight laugh.
He often announced the arrival of summer by standing under our village's Gulmohar tree. During the first touch of summer, red flowers fell on the ground and welcomed him to our village: soon the red lowers turned into long sword-like fruits which hung above his head as he cut the coconuts.
He never ate anything except paan (a kind of leaf),which he always could be seen chewing, and he just sat under the tree until someone approached him. Then, he would choose the best coconut, and with expert skill; carve it so that the person could drink the satisfying liquid.
For mc he was an artist who knew how to carve the green coconut into an oasis（绿洲） of relief. He was the coconut whisperer, who knew which one had more water. Nobody ever talked about him, for he was of no significance to the busy people of our village. His existence will forever be tied to the shadow of the Gulmohar tree.
Nowadays, he doesn't do much business. Kids no longer care for coconut water; they want soft drinks. I know his weak body will fail him in the coming years. He will not visit our village, and with him, all my memories of summer will disappear. No one will miss him apart from the Gulmohar tree, his only friend.
My friends and I have stayed in the same village our whole life. Now, in our mid-thirties, we don't have time to talk about our childhood and the life beyond the chains of society.
I've made up my mind. Tomorrow I will talk with him. I will listen to him and preserve him in my memory. I will tell him how important he was for me, how he defined summer for me， and， during every summer， how he nurtured（滋养）me with the coconut water, which was filled with his love. I will take in his smile one last time-a remembrance of my childhood innocence. I will hug him until my tears mix with his.
25.What did the kids of the village receive from the coconut seller
A. Amusing toothless smiles.
B. Refreshment in summer.
C. Coconut carving skills.
D. Invaluable experience.
26. In the eyes of the author, the coconut seller is ______.
A. a magician in his childhood
B. a hero during changing times
C. a survivor of a forgotten minority
D. a protector of a precious tradition
27. What message does the author want to express
A. Pass on what is yours to the next generation.
B. Free yourself from the pressure of society.
C. Enjoy the simple things in your busy life.
D. Appreciate something before it's gone.
C
One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this:
“Why isn't my kid playing ”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost" coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else" parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn't playing is simple:
“They're just not good enough."
“He/she just isn't fast enough.”
“He/she just isn't strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they're good at, and what they're not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team（校队） or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team. have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy. need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don't possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing. by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn "no". They don't know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don't get their. Own way.
It's awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they are going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who are more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they're going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it's good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
28.What does the underlined word “blunt" probably mean
A. Impatient. B. Annoying. C .Direct. D. Serious.
29.The author believes that ______.
A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B. people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
30. What probably motivated the author to write this passage
A. Coaches' mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B. Parents' unrealistic views of kids' playing time.
C. Children's ignorance of the meaning of sports and life.
D. The public's doubts about why kids need to play sports.
D
The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as Xenobots, can now reproduce-and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name.
"Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo （胚胎） and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop.
“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it's a robot, but it's also clearly an organism made from frog cells."
The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate（自我复制）.But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used "kinetic replication＂-a process that is known to occur at the molecular （分子）level.
With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots.
“The Al didn't program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.”
The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer-and don't yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems," Bongard said.
31.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______.
A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material
32.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage
A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.
B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.
C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.
D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s.
33.What is the author's attitude towards future applications of xenobots
A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective.
34.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead
B. Are xenobots the future of artificial intelligence
C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction
D. Fact or fantasy Robots can reproduce
【答案】
21.D 22.C 23.B 24.D
25.B 26.A 27.D 28.C
29.A 30.B 31.A 32.C
33.B 34.D
北京市海淀区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.
Proctor's Theatre, Newark, New Jersey
Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor's Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre's income.
Proctor's Theatre, Troy, New York
Originally opened as Proctor's Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor's Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today.
RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre, New York
Originally opened in 1928, RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.
Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia
The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.
21. In the late 1920s, Proctor's Theatre in Newark set up stands to________.
A. show respect for the guests
B. increase the theatre's income
C. promote newly released movies
D. compete with the street sellers
22. What can we know from the passage
A. RKO Keith's Flushing Theatre is well preserved.
B. Proctor's Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now.
C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.
D. Proctor's Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP.
23. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres.
B. To show the development of American theatres.
C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.
D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.
B
To the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it's two motorcycle helmets for mice.
Ever since I read Cleary's series about Ralph, the motorcycle-riding mouse, I've never looked at a pingpong ball-or the world-the same way. Amazing to think that it's been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.
And why shouldn't it be It's perfect.
How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Cleary’s genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.
While much of children's literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary's name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn't yet understand myself.
I've written eight children's books and have always kept Beverly's sense of wonder in mind. I don't remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children's authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else Beverly Cleary!
I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “That's fantastic! You did your project on children's authors and then you became one!”
“Yes,”I said. “And my best friend who did her project on dolphins--became a dolphin!”
“Really ” the students said in chorus.
And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.
That's what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny.
24. The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because ________.
A. it recorded animals’ life
B. it revealed the wisdom of life
C. it encouraged children to raise pets
D. it described the world from children's eyes
25. When learning the author's friend became a dolphin, the students felt ________.
A. amazed
B. doubtful
C. scared
D. confused
26. What is the passage mainly about
A. What the author created to attract children.
B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible.
C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children's interest in reading.
D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary.
C
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier (冰川) on the Swiss Alps' Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's (崩塌) critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. This was different," Johnson says. A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse - a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier 's main body - is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier " can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs," says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around а much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across а mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zürich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this," she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade 's physical details.
27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3
A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
28. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar
A. The combination with other relevant signals.
B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.
D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
29. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. distinguishing different components of a signal
B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. From Fire to Ice B. Glacier Whispers
C. Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice Avalanches
D
In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts.
Conflicts of interest (COIs) occur when an individual's personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.
In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.
Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.
Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies.
Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse (要求回避) themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.
Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: "If you feel like you can't be an impartial (公正的) reviewer, that is considered a COI." Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. "Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive," says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. "During that process," she says, "if you make some money. that's good as well. "
31. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to______ .
A. raise a question B. report a finding
C. introduce a topic D. present a theory
32. To better deal with COIs, _____.
A. researchers have to quit their job at the university
B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist
C. institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationships
D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans
33. What can we learn from the passage
A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.
B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.
C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.
D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision.
34. What can we infer from the passage
A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.
B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.
C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.
D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.
【答案】
21-25 BCDDA 26-30 DCCAB 31-34 CBDA
北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Now you can create your own streaming videos with ATEM devices! Simply connect your cameras, computers or microphones. Then push the buttons on the panel to switch video sources just like a professional broadcaster! You can even add titles, picture-in-picture overlays and mix audio! Then livestream to Zoom, Skype or YouTube!
ATEM Mini
ATEM Mini is a new and low-cost live production switcher. All the buttons are positioned on the front panel so it’s very easy to learn. With ATEM Mini, you can create your own videos. There are 4 HDMI (高清多媒体接口) video inputs for connecting cameras and computers, plus a USB output that looks like a web camera so you can connect to Zoom or Skype. Besides, ATEM Mini is a really professional broadcast switcher, which means it has professional effects such as a DVE (Digital Video Effect) for picture-in-picture effects commonly used for explaining computer slides. There are titles for presenter names, wipe effects switching between sources and a green screen keyer (键盘控器) for replacing background with pictures. ATEM Software Control for Mac and PC is also included, which allows access to more advanced broadcast features!
ATEM Mini Pro
The ATEM Mini Pro model includes all the features found in ATEM Mini, plus more! It has a built-in hardware streaming engine for livestreaming via its Ethernet (以太网) connection. This means you can livestream to YouTube, Facebook and Twitter in much better quality and with perfectly smooth motion. You can even connect a hard disk or flash storage to the USB connection and record your stream for upload later! Moreover, with so many cameras, computers and effects, things can get busy fast! The ATEM Mini Pro model features a multiview that lets you see all cameras, titles and programs, plus streaming and recording status all on a single TV or monitor.
If you want to learn more, visit www.blackmagicdesign.com.
21. With ATEM devices, you can______ .
A. exchange video sources with others
B. take pictures and turn them into videos
C. livestream on social media platforms
D. compete with a professional broadcaster
22. According to the passage, ATEM Mini Pro ______ .
A. has more user-friendly buttons
B. features more HDMI video inputs
C. can change the background of a picture
D. can display several views on a single screen
23. Where does the passage most probably come from
A. A book review.
B. A travel journal.
C. A science magazine.
D. A research report.
B
I first discovered the Little Free Library concept while being on a 2015 vacation in Santa Barbara, California. I fell in love with the idea of free literature-sharing boxes posted at the edges of parks and along sidewalks in neighborhoods. And because our home was already filled with mountainous piles of books, my husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting a Little Free Library of our own. In our garden shed (棚) , we filled the shelves with books from our personal collection. Over the next two months, strangers discovered our Little Free Library and began their regular visit.
My love of reading dates back to 1970, when I studied in a three-room primary schoolhouse on a dirt road. One day, I accidentally came to the basement library and I was fascinated by the picture books. Unfortunately, the books were later thrown away when the school discovered the basement was full of mould (霉). Happily, weeks later, a truck arrived with a trailer—which, with the help of our county’s public library, had been transformed into a paradise (乐土) for those who enjoyed reading. Now I still remember the floor-to-ceiling shelves and the carpeted benches in it. Every time I left, I wrote my name on several sign-out cards, which were filled with names of children from neighboring schools. We liked the same books and, although we never met, I considered them friends.
At the beginning of the first COVID-19 lockdown, our Little Free Library began to include children’s stories. I witnessed mothers lifting their children for a look into the library. Walkers included our street in their route so they could check for new offerings. Some folks routinely drove from several blocks away to visit. From time to time, visitors filled shelves with literary fiction, romances, poetry and a range of non-fiction. I smiled when people met me in the yard and commented that our Little Free Library was like a bird feeder.
We remain grateful that we have kept our Little Free Library open. It has become an alternative means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.
24. What inspired the author to start the Little Free Library
A. Her large collection of books.
B. An experience during a vacation.
C. Her husband’s encouragement.
D. Strangers’ visit to her garden shed.
25. From the passage, we can learn that______ .
A. neighbouring schools donated books to the Little Free Library
B. the author’s enthusiasm for reading started from her childhood
C. children wrote their names on the sign-out cards to meet friends
D. the county’s public library became a perfect place for book lovers
26. People considered the Little Free Library a bird feeder because______.
A. it provided food for thought
B. it attracted birds for shelter
C. visitors could feed birds here
D. people could exchange books here
C
Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past 20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.
Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by learning how responsible journalism works. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged them to create it and why But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well, some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to do
Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.
To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still value uncertainty.
Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says Howard Schneider, director of the Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.
27. As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern
A. How to achieve its goal.
B. How to measure its progress.
C. How to avoid its side effects.
D. How to promote its importance.
28. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Importance. B. Variety. C. Motivation. D. Benefit.
29. The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to______.
A. compare different types of thinking
B. evaluate students’ mind development
C. explain a theory of educational psychology
D. stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels
30. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains
B. Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame
C. Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information
D. Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking
D
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice, and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.
To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.
So what is behind jumping Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
31. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.
C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.
32. What can we learn from the experiment
A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.
B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.
D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.
33. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more
A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.
D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.
34. What does the author intend to tell us
A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.
B. To think twice before we make our decisions.
C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.
D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.
【答案】
21．C 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．B
26．A 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．A
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B
北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Dear Jim O' Connor,
My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden, a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood.
While searching for potential garden locations, we came across your house located at West Southern Avenue. We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.
In general, a community garden is a space where plants are grown and taken care of by a group of people in the community. Community gardens improve the quality of life, offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.
To ensure the smooth running of the project, elected volunteers would be in charge. You would have access to all these volunteers and they would like to answer any questions you may have.
I have included some general information about community gardens and what they can bring to a community. We would love to speak with you in person or over the phone to discuss what hosting a community garden on your land would involve. Issues may include discussing an agreement, rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the costs for the project will be covered by us. We would also like to present to you our vision of this space.
We would very much like to have your support. Thank you for your consideration and please feel free to contact me. Thank you again.
Respectfully,
Annie Le
21. What did Annie Le write to Jim O'Connor
A. To rent his land.
B. To offer him a job.
C. To invite him to join her group.
D. To inform him of the community garden.
22. According to the passage, what will the garden bring to the community
A. More green projects.
B. Less water pollution.
C. More communication.
D. Higher cost of living.
23. Annie Le would like to further discuss__________.
A. service cost
B. cooperation details
C. gardening skills
D. community development
B
Local barber(理发师) goes above and beyond for a little boy
“That day started all wrong,” LaQuista Erinna said. “And we forgot his headphones. We were running late, traffic was horrible, so I knew it was going to be difficult that day.”
When Erinna and her son finally arrived at their appointment, it seemed like there was no way 6-year-oId Jackson, a boy with autism(自闭症), would be getting his hair cut.
"He just immediately got anxious," Erinna explained. “Usually I have to do some coaching to get him in the chair. He will put on his headphones, and we power through.”
Erinna said Jackson is a typical little boy who loves to play and loves art. But some tasks can be sensory overload, and haircuts are one of them.
The stress was so intense for mom and son that almost two years went by before Jackson got another haircut. But this time, he was in the hands of Ree, the barber, and things were getting easier.
Ree noticed his Super Mario Bros shirt and told him that he needed to save Mario by making sure no hair got on him. She cut his hair while he moved and ran around the shop. She talked to him throughout the entire process, encouraging him and reminding him about protecting Mario to keep him engaged.
"It just touched me so much,” Erinna said. "She nurtured that relationship. She gained his trust.”
“I feel good I can go above and beyond for a child.” Ree said. “I know children want to be free. They want to express themselves so I try to find a different strategy to make them feel comfortable.”
Jackson’s smile told the rest of the story.
Erinna was very moved by her son's haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. Given the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support Ree to make sure she's able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic(流行病).
24. What usually helped to calm Jackson during haircuts
A. His mother's trust.
B. His art books.
C. His barber's encouragement.
D. His headphones.
25. How did Ree succeed in cutting Jackson's hair
A. By inspiring him to be brave.
B. By cooperating with his mother.
C. By turning the haircut into a game.
D. By telling stories about Super Mario.
26. To express thanks to Ree, Erinna______________.
A. raise money to support her
B. advertised her haircutting skills
C. got haircuts at her shop regularly
D. posted photos of Jackson’s haircut online
27. Which of the following words can best describe Ree
A. Kind and honest.
B. Caring and generous.
C. Patient and creative.
D. Confident and friendly.
C
The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring the simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation（平方反比关系）between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive（直觉的）that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how frequently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping― obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical pattern is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with gravity models which assume that movement between cities is proportional(成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patterns within cities—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission. Epidemiologist(流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound(深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharper peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer, he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
What does the underlined word “optimize” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Slow down.
B. Keep a record of.
C. Think back on.
D. Make the most of.
Why does the author mention “gravity models” in paragraph 6
A. To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B. To stress importance of tracking diseases.
C. To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D. To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law
A. Diseases spread faster in rural areas than in big cities.
B. Trip distance seldom influences people's travel choices.
C. Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas.
D. City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
D
Earlier this week the online UK supermarket Ocado told its customers that it had “limited ability” to deliver the ice cream to them. Why Because the price of natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply of CO in the UK. And that has led to a cut in the supply of dry ice that supermarkets use to keep food cool in their delivery vans (小型货车). So no ice cream.
This mini crisis has been fairly quickly resolved, for now at least. However, that doesn't mean you shouldn't worry. This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come.
In his recently updated book There is No Planet B, Mike Berners-Lee lays out the challenge. When we talk about shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy of one kind or another, we aren't discussing taking the amount of energy we use now and producing that amount in a different way. Instead, our target is always on the move. The more energy we can get our hands on, the more we use—even if our use of it becomes more efficient.
Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions（转变）tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still.
This will change. But not as fast as you might like to think. In 2019, 33 percent of our new power generation needs were met by renewable energy. That's a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas.
There’s urgency here of course—which might speed things up. But there is something else that might slow us down. It didn't take much to move people to fossil fuels—they are relatively easy to extract, relatively easy to transport, hugely energy dense and efficient and, of course, cheap. Until their externalities were understood, who could possibly have objected Our current transition is different: people and companies will switch not because the new sources are easier to access, cheaper or more energy dense but because regulation mandates that they must.
Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. That means we should stop demonising them. Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved.
If we don't do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free.
31. What do the first two paragraphs mainly show
A. The necessity for traditional fuels.
B. Our enthusiasm for clean energy.
C. The seriousness of energy crisis.
D. UK's dependence on dry ice.
32. According to Mike Berners-Lee, _____.
A. we have more types of energy on hand
B. the use of energy becomes more efficient
C. energy transition is far from being realized
D. we are closer to the aim of replacing fossil fuels
33.The underlined word “demonising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by___.
A. wasting
B. devaluing
C. distributing
D. justifying
34.What is the writer s attitude toward the transition to renewable energy
A. Indifferent
B. Defensive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Cautious.
【答案】
21-25 ACBDC 26-30 ACDDA 31-34 ACBD
北京市石景山区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
A
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.
Is it safe
Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you'll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn't know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.
Where do I learn
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic licence; then you're free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you'll be able to choose much better once you've tried some out on your course.
Who can do it
There's no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
21. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1
A. What is paragliding
B. Who invented paragliding
C. How is paragliding special
D. Why is paragliding popular
22. According to the passage, paragliding is ________.
A. Exciting but tiring
B. Safe and relaxing
C. Attractive but expensive
D. Fast and challenging
23. What can we know from the passage
A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a week's training.
B
I remember driving to Palm Springs from San Diego two Thanksgivings ago. None of us pictured an icy blizzard (暴风雪) on our Cal

展开更多......

收起↑