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(共33张PPT)
阅读理解
——主旨大意
中考专项之——
2. 词义猜测题
（To guess the word meanings)
细节理解题
（To look for details)
4. 逻辑推理题
（To infer a conclusion)
3.主旨大意题
（To find out the main ideas)
The main question types
阅读理解主要题型
1). 主旨大意类 (topic、main idea )
The main idea of the passage is…
What is the passage mainly about
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
What is the first/second paragraph mainly about
2). 标题类( title)
The best title for the passage might be…
What can be a suitable title for the text
命题方式
文章主旨大意
段落主旨大意
选标题
扶绥县龙华中学
FUSUIXIANLONGHUAZHONGXUE
主旨大意题
( 段 落大意）
解题技巧：“一定，二找， 三比较”
命题形式:
What is the first/second/last paragraph mainly about
解题技巧
段落大意
【典型例题】Passage 1：(2019·义乌模拟)
Which hand do you use when write About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed,try this experiment:Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don't be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.
In the past,people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world,left-handed students can use their left hand to write.
（ ）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers
C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.
一定： 通过题干关键词 定位答案区间
二找： 用定位词在答案区间找信息句
三比较： 将信息句与选项比较
段落大意
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2020重庆)
… …
Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症）. They can help with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒） the patients of taking their medicine. They can also play games with patients to keep them active.
… …
The main idea of Paragraph 3 is________.
A.what the robots can do
B.what serious problems the robots cause
C.what the old people can do
D.what the old people think of the robots
主旨大意题 ( 文章大意）
解题技巧： “主题句定位法”
（1）抓住主题句。
（2）抓住段落大意。
命题形式:
What is passage mainly about
The main idea of the passage is…
解题技巧
Types Of Paragraph Structures
type The position of the topic
At the beginning
At the end
In the middle
No clear topic sentence
join the beginning to the end
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 1 (2021天津)
People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter(住处），and even the air we breathe(呼吸）.
Plants keep our air and water clean. Green plants give us oxygen(氧气）. Oxygen is part of the air we breathe.
Plants are also part of the water cycle(水循环). Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air.
Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth. Fruits, vegetables, and grains(谷物）come from plants. Without plants,we would not havebread,rice,carrots,apples, oranges, or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home. Having your owngarden helps the earth as well.
……
( )What is the passage mainly about
A. A Different Place B. The Uses of Plants
C. Food on the Earth D. Gardens at Home
开门见山式：主题句出现在文首
主题句定位——文章的首句
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2019重庆)
Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People put it on windows, doors and walls for the festival.
A thousand years ago, paper cut was used for decoration (装饰). In Tang Dynasty women used paper cut as headdress. In Song Dynasty, it helped make girls more beautiful. What's more, people would feel happier when they saw paper cut on windows, doors and walls.
There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China. Pictures usually cover nearly all things, from flowers. birds to the famous people. Now, there are factories for paper cut in China. Paper cut has changed from decoration to a kind of art.
( ).This passage is mainly about_______________.
A.Cartoons B. TV programs C. paper cut D. hair cut
注意反复出现的词
1.开门见山式:
：主题句常是一个段落的开头，开门见山,提出主题,其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式, 关注反复出现的词。
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 3 (2020泰安A篇节选)
In September 2006,Ren set up a tea company. He hired(雇佣）poor farmers from neighboring areas to pick tea leaves. Professional technicians (技师）were invited to teach the farmers how to do their jobs scientifically. The company taught them how to manage their trees and produce the best tea. As a result, their tea quality has greatly improved, and the price has gone up. In this way, the tea company has helped many people get out of poverty.
( ) What is the paragraph mainly about
How the farmers picked tea leaves.
B. How Ren helped develop the local tea industry.
C. Why Ren wanted to help the farmers.
D. What Ren did for the professional technicians.
藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
主题句定位——文章/段落的尾句
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 4 (2021重庆)
A 12-year-old girl from Virginia, US, never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems. She posted the words, “Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday", with three emojis(表情符号) of a gun,a knife and a bomb(炸弹 ) on Instagram, a social media(社交媒体). She was told that she broke the law because of threatening(威胁) her school.
This problem is not far away from us. Not long ago, NiHanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he could kill his teachers if he failed to pass his exams
But not knowing the law doesnt mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it, "says David AllenGreen, a lawyer from the UK. So, do you think we’ d better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press "send"
( ) This passage mainly wants to tell us that______________.
A.we shouldn't break the US law if we study at a university in the US
B.students and singers shouldn't post words or emojis on social media
C.we should be careful when we send words or emojis on social media
D.students should study hard at school and not use the Internet too much
藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
2.藏头露尾式:
主题句会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 阐述细节,然后归纳要点,得出结论,概括主题, 即文章的主题。此为藏头露尾式。
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 5 (2017重庆B卷)
China has been famous aroud the world since ancient times. In the past, we had the Four Great Inventions. Nowadays, more inventions and creations have made China stronger and greater in the world.
On May 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China's first large homemade Jet airliner(喷气式客机), the C919, took off successfully for the first time. It has taken about ten years for the scientists and researches to make this Chinese dream come true.
China has made great progress in both science and technology. And it makes a great contribution(贡献 )to humans, too. All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people, even of the people around the world.
( )The passage mainly wants to tell us______________.
A.the Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than before
B.the Four Great Inventions make China strong and great in the world
C.China has increased the international influence with its development
D.China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h
首尾呼应式：主题句出现在文首/尾
主题句定位——首尾呼应
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 6 (2021遵义)
①Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life. Sometimes it's easy to see. At other times, it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals(化学物质）in it.
②Chemistry helps to make products for use. …
③Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach(漂白剂）can't be mixed with vinegar(醋)…
④Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. ….
⑤Chemistry isn't something that just lives in a laboratory; it's something that you meet hundreds of times in life. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life.
What's the main idea of the passage
Chemistry and food. B. Chemistry around the world.
C. Chemistry and products. D. Chemistry in everyday life.
3.首尾呼应式:
在有些文章中,为了突出主题,文章开头提出主题, 接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点名主题，进一步步深化主题.
注意：前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Passage 7
In the world today, all of the people need recreation（消遣）. We can not work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life.
Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular form is to take part in sports. There are team sports, such as basketball and football. There are also individual（个人的） sports, such as swimming and running. Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor（室外的）.
Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to take part in them. Many people like watching them on TV or listening to them on the radio. So many people like some forms of indoor recreation, such as watching TV, singing and dancing.
It doesn’t matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports.
It is important for everyone to relax from time to time, and enjoy some forms of recreation.
( ) The passage tells us that .
A. basketball is a kind of team sports
B. everyone who enjoys sports should take part in them
C. different people have different ways of relaxing
D. indoor recreation is not as important as outdoor sports
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 8 (2015重庆A)
In April this year, lots of bags full of small change(零钱)were seen at bus stops in Tianjin. They were made for passengers to turn their notes into small change. And such an idea came from four students from Zhongbei MiddleSchool, Tianiin.
“People will surely feel worried when they take a bus without coins. We just want to do something to help them.”said Wang Yongcun, 15, one of the four students.
The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags. After that they went to see the number of the passengers at each bus stop near their school, and then choose the top six stops to put the bags.
The four boys feel very happy because they have done something good for the passengers. Their warm hearts are moving. More and more people are beginning to join in the activity.
( ).What's the main idea of this passage
A.Making change bags is difficult B.Pocket money can be helpful.
C.Giving help brings us happiness. D. Every coin has two sides
藏龙卧虎式：无主题句
4．藏龙卧虎式：
即主题句隐含在全文当中，这种文章没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，思考这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,最后加以归纳形成主题。
1. 找高频词/中心词/主题词（名词，动词）
没有主题句怎么办？
3. 关注设问句的回答
2. 在文章中间找for example，for instance，however，but，it is true that...but... 等词，其前后很可能会给出主题
归
纳
总
结
4. 关注时间顺序
文章大意
【典型例题】 Passage 9 （2020杭州B卷）
Traffic lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals(信号). Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes, they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside railway tracks(轨道）。The color red was used to mean “stop” because it warned people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a distance. Train drivers could see the red “stop” light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean “take care” and a white meant “go”.
What is the passage mainly about
The advantages of traffic lights. B. The history of traffic lights.
C. The importance of traffic lights. D. The meanings of traffic lights.
文章大意
However, there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “go”。 So the signals were swapped. The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care” light was changed to white.
During these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely.
Today, towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they are used to warn drivers that they should solve down and prepare to stop.
What is the passage mainly about
The advantages of traffic lights. B. The history of traffic lights.
C. The importance of traffic lights. D. The meanings of traffic lights.
扶绥县龙华中学
FUSUIXIANLONGHUAZHONGXUE
主旨大意题
( 文章标题）
解题技巧：“选帽原则 ” 像帽子一样，大小合适才行。
要简洁、突出、新颖。标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点
命题形式: (1)What can be a suitable title for the text
(2)The best title for the passage can be？
解题技巧
【典型例题】 Passage 1 (2019重庆A卷)
Imagine a world with no more wild animals: no elephants, no tigers or lions. To
some people, that thought is too terrible for words. So they are doing something
about it. Tiffany Soechting is one of them.
Being among wild animals-feeding them and caring for them- is all Tiffafany
Soechting has wanted to do with her life. And that is exactly what she does!
.....
Soechting is the human "mother"to the 500 animals that live on her family wildlife
farm in San Antonio Texas ....
( )The best title of the passage may be “____________ ”
A.How to Save Wild Animals B.Soechting and Her Wild Animals
C.Two Reticulated Giraffes D.A world Without Wild Animals
方法1 关注核心及高频词汇
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2019贵港)
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food，taking
exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your
health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night ....
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping
enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world
may be sleep-deprived.
Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents.....
What is the best title of the passage
A．The Ways of Eating Less B．The Value of Study
C．The Value of Sleep D．The Ways of Making Money
【典型例题】 Passage 3 (2018重庆A卷)
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world.It brings us sweet
smelling flowers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But you can get more from
your garden.
---
Gardening helps to keep healthy.----.
Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships. When
you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect time to communicate
with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies,and so do
gardeners．
( )The best title of the passage may be“________”.
A.Outdoor Activities B.Healthy Eating Habits
C. Advantages of Gardening D. Relationships with Neighbors
方法2 根据主题句提炼标题
【典型例题】 Passage 4 (2019重庆B卷)
When Tim was a boy, he met a girl named Rose. They became close
friends because they both dreamed of going to Wonderland.... Before long,
they got married and moved to the old house where they first met. They
lived a happy life there and decided to save money for their dream to
Wonderland .... Living in the house alone, Tim missed Rose so much and
would often think of the dream they once shared... He bought thousands of
balloons to help his housey in the sky. Then he started, flying to Wonderland.
In the end. Tim realized his dream.
( ).The best title of the passage may be“ __________”.
A.Fly to Wonderland B.An Exciting Trip
C.Share the Same Dream D.An Old House
方法2 根据主题句提炼标题
【典型例题】 Passage 5 (2020重庆B卷）
Facial recognition technology(人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, police use it to search for bad guys. It's also used to unlock phones or doors.
Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection(探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising(广告）。
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can judge a person's “happiness” or “fear” level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.
( ) The best title of the passage may be________.
A. Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New Field
B. Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad Guys
C. Facial Detection Technology Going into Advertising Field
D. Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers' Experience
Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people's ages and five levels of feelings-from “very happy” to “very unhappy”。
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers' experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy(隐私）group, is one of them. She thinks the strange actions may cause something unfair. For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings.
However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn't store people's information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn't keep any personal information or record any videos.
【典型例题】 Passage 5 (2020重庆B卷）
Facial recognition technology(人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, police use it to search for bad guys. It's also used to unlock phones or doors.
Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection(探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising(广告）。
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can judge a person's “happiness” or “fear” level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.
( ) The best title of the passage may be________.
A. Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New Field
B. Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad Guys
C. Facial Detection Technology Going into Advertising Field
D. Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers' Experience
干扰项有什么特点？
1. 以偏概全
2. 断章取义
4. 张冠李戴
3. 主题扩大
5. 无中生有
排
除
法
★★根据标题的特点（概括性、针对性、醒目性）排除干扰项
挑战自我
challenge yourself
（主旨大意题）
对点练习

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