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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2021-2022学年高一下期中必考题精准练
1、概要写作题
（一）概要写作题型解读
By summary, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article.
1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2、在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点
3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。
（二）概要写作的要点
1. 简要性（Conciseness ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.
2. 完整性（Complet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eness）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.
3. 准确性（Accuracy）：To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.
4. 连贯性（Coherence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. 2-1-c-n-j-y
5. 客观性（Objecti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vity）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.
（三）概要写作的步骤
1. Skim the text to find out the general theme. 快读原文，明确主题
2. Analyze the text’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 划分各段，找出要点
3. Write down the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )key supporting points for each main idea without minor details. 抓重点，去枝节
4. Organize the main ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.归纳整理，转述大意【出处：21教育名师】
5. Proofread for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.复读核对，检查错误
第一套 （记叙文）
Summary
Directions: R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Yesterday Matt was si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.
I found a line wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.
But then I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.
As I was watchi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.
When the woman wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.
If you are ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.
【写作指导】
要写好记叙文的概要，先要找 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。
【参考范文】
The passage tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4)
第二套 （说明文）
Summary
Directions: Re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Dieters have long swor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n that grapefruit helps them lose weight.The Grapefruit Diet，also called the Hollywood Diet，dates back to the 1930s and has a host of celebrity fans including singer Kylie Minogue.It involves having grapefruit or grapefruit juice with every meal while cutting back on calories.
Now, scientists are beginning to believe them.
A study has foun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that drinking grapefruit juice when eating fatty food lowers the amount of weight put on by up to a fifth.
The research also sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested that grapefruit could be as good as prescription drugs at keeping blood sugar levels under control—a key part of managing diabetes.
The experiments we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re conducted on mice—but researchers say the results justify studies on humans.Professor Joseph Napoli，of the University of California，Berkeley，said，“We see all sorts of scams about nutrition. But these results，based on controlled experiments，warrant further study of the potential health－promoting properties of grapefruit juice.”
The researchers fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und that when the mice were fed fatty food for three months，those given grapefruit juice to drink gained up to 18 percent less weight than those given water.
They also had lowe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r blood sugar and insulin levels—despite eating the same number of calories and doing the same amount of exercise as the mice who drank water. In fact，grapefruit juice was as good at controlling insulin as the widely used diabetes drug metformin，the journal PLOS ONE reports.
However，the frui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t juice only had an effect on weight when the animals ate fatty food.The researchers said they did not know how grapefruit stops the pounds from piling on.
Spokesman Mariette Abr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ahams,a dietician, said until then it is too early for people to try grapefruit diets.“Grapefruit should be part of a healthy balanced diet，but it shouldn’t be the focus of the diet, ” she said.
【写作指导】
本文是一篇科普类说明文， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效。第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景；第二至七段的内容是：研究表明，葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处；第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性；最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见。考生在作答时，应注意条理清晰，避免混乱性语句；语言简洁，要点全面，可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略，以节约词数。另外，考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性。
【参考范文】
Dieters thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k grapefruit juice helps lose weight and the Grapefruit Diet or the Hollywood Diet was a popular way of losing weight in the 1930s.(要点1)The experiments conducted on mice，which can also apply to humans，shows that grapefruit juice benefits the loss of weight and the control of blood sugar and insulin levels.(要点2)However，the fruit only takes effect when the animals eat fatty food.(要点3)The opposite view doesn’t think eating grapefruit can be the focus of the diet.(要点4)
第三套 （议论文）
Summary 3
Directions: Read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Tired of all t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he pushing in supermarkets Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping.
Online shopping bri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (欺骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.
Another problem is tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.
Some even argue that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered Often by some large van pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated(使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late !
【写作指导】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了网购的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )优势及需要注意的几个问题。第一段引入话题，介绍网购可以为顾客避免很多麻烦。第二段指出存在的挑战，即可能被欺骗。第三段指出对商品的描述可能名不副实，最后一段指出快递运输可能会有助于全球变暖。文章结构清晰，易于概括。
【参考答案】
(要点一) Online sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store.
(要点二)However, it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has challenges. Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting. 2·1·c·n·j·y
(要点三) Second ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly, you shouldn’t believe all the descriptions because they may be untrue.
(要点四)Lastly,you sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld know although the delivery may be late, it may cause global warming.
第四套
Directions: Read t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.21·世纪*教育网
Sport Tourism
Tourism is the wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.www-2-1-cnjy-com
The term sport touri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sm has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that there are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category, watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.
The second type of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.
Active participatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.
【参考范文】
The tourism indust ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation.
第五套
Directions: Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Parents should think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )twice before rewarding their children's good behaviour with sweets, according to a leading nutritionist.
Professor Susan Jebb, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Oxford University, says family attitudes should change as part of a wider strategy on tackling obesity - and there should be an alternative to the 'easy option' of handing out sweets to youngsters.
Speaking to the Su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nday Express, Prof Jebb said: 'Unless you instill(灌输) good eating habits from a young age, it is likely children will grow up to become overweight adults.But it is very difficult to persuade parents who see their children, who are a healthy weight, of the risks ahead.'Unlike with smoking, where the benefits of giving up are obvious with evidence showing that every single cigarette shortens your life, the same cannot be said for every single biscuit you eat.'
She also welco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )med last week's comments by David Cameron that Britain's obesity 'crisis' should be treated as seriously as smoking and that a tax on sugary drinks could be back on the agenda（议程）. The Prime Minister hinted at an extraordinary U-turn amid growing public support for a 20 per cent levy.He said: 'I don't really want to put new taxes on anything but we do have to recognize that we face something of an obesity crisis'.
Mr Cameron sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id the costs of diabetes, heart disease and cancer treatment for the overweight costs the NHS huge sums.He added: 'We do need to have a fully-worked-up programme to deal with this problem and address these issues in Britain and we will be making announcements later in the year'.
Experts have als ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o warned that obesity - fueled by large amounts of sugar - is escalating at such a rate that it will cause almost 700,000 additional cases of cancer within the next 20 years, experts have warned.They say that being overweight is already 'the new norm' and predict that four in ten adults will be obese by 2035.21·cn·jy·com
Estimates also s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )how that by this time obesity-related illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease, will cost the NHS more than 7.5 billion a year.
【参考例文】
Professor Susan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jebb, of Oxford University,urges parents to seek healthier alternative to handing kid’s obesity rather than adopt easy methods. Additionally, David Cameron said obesity crisis was as serious as smoking. So families are required to introduce good eating habits to help avoid obesity issues. And parents are told to stop giving their children sweets as rewards for good behavior in latest bid to tackle Britain obesity crisis.
第六套
Are you working wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from What can we do to deal with this problem
Eyestrain is ofte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.
Years of scientif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.
Besides, to reduce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday. Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.
参考答案：
Digital eyestrai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.
第七套
Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.21cnjy.com
African elephan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts are in trouble. Their numbers have fallen violently from as many as ten million a hundred years ago to as few as 400,000 today. Losses are largely from poaching（偷猎） for the illegal ivory trade, and also because of the smaller living space for elephants, as people open up land for farming and development.
Killing some eleph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ants to help save the species is one suggested strategy for preserving them. Here’s the thinking: Invite rich hunters to pay generous fees to shoot specified numbers of elephants, and use that money as sources for various conservation.
Some people claim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that trophy hunting can provide generous financial support for people to conserve and restore wild elephant numbers, protect wildlife from poaching, and to help give local communities a boost in economy. Doing that, the theory goes, poor villagers won’t need to poach elephants to feed their families.
To look into the new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )business closely, the trophy hunting industry does not provide significant benefits to the communities where it occurs. Across Africa, there are only about 15,000 hunting-related jobs created by the business—a tiny number,especially considering that the six main game-hunting countries alone have a population of nearly 150 million.21世纪教育网版权所有
Besides that, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it is true the total income from trophy hunting is substantial. Take an unnamed area for example, the total income to wild conservancies from trophy hunting, amounted to $165,000. Six years later, this is expected to increase almost tenfold to $1,330,000. Yet after various kinds of processing fees and expenses are reduced, the local communities make an average of only ten cents a hectare (25 cents an acre) from trophy hunting. The return is so small that it justly explains locals’ lack of interest in preserving hunting areas and their continued poaching.
Summary
African elephants ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e endangered with greatly reduced numbers due to unlawful poaching and shrinking habitat. Trophy hunting, legal elephant shooting for conservation fund, is considered a solution. According to some, it helps maintain elephant population and benefits local economy. However, it turns out the business employs few people and hunt fee trickling down to local villagers and communities is minimal.
第八套
Summary Writing
Directions: Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.【版权所有：21教育】
One day, a poor boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that: he only had one clime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.
However, he lost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked，“How much do I owe you ”
“You don’t owe me anyt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart. ” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.
Years later t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists could be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
Dressed in his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.
After a long struggl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words...
“Paid in full with a glass of milk.
(Signed) Dr. Howard Kelly”
Tears of joy flood ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed her eyes as she prayed silently，“Thank you, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”
Summary Writing (10分)
A poor b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy asked for water but got milk from a kind, beautiful young lady. Inspired by her kindness and God’ love, the boy worked hard to become an excellent doctor, who saved the young lady finally and paid the medical bill for her. Both of them believed love is spread from people to people. (57 words)
第九套
Summary
Directions: Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Electronic g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ames are often seen as a distraction from schoolwork, but now, there’s a school course to study them.
Since this semest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er, Peking University has offered an optional course called General Theory of Electronic Games, which has gained popularity among students, reported The Beijing News. It was originally designed to accept 120 students, but around 200 attended the first two lessons.
However, the new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )course has caused discussions among those who believe it sets a bad example.
Some people believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that as the prestigious Peking University has opened a course on electronic games, students may believe it’s acceptable to play games rather than study, Zhu Wei, an associate professor from the China University of Political Science and Law, told China National Radio.
In response to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese concerns, Chen Jiang, the course instructor, explained that the course isn’t designed to challenge traditional views. “I like playing games, but I deeply understand the problems that games have caused,” Chen said. “I have a sense of mission. I want more students to know what electronic games are – the benefits and problems.” Instead of teaching students how to play electronic games, the course will cover issues related to electronic games, such as research and development, technology and players’ psychology, according to Chen.
This new course ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at Peking University arrives at a time when China’s game industry is booming. According to an article published by Fortune in December, China’s video game market is the world’s largest and is expected to continue to grow.
And the boom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing industry has in turn impacted many Chinese people, especially the young. According to the 2017 Blue Book of China’s Society, released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, more than 38 percent of Chinese people younger than 26 said their ideal job would be to work as a professional electronic gamer.
Despite this, it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s necessary for universities and individuals to stay rational in view of the market. The public can view electronic sports as a leisure activity and leave enough room for healthy development.
Summary
1)The course c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oncerning Electronic Games in Peking University has gained popularity and simultaneously caused widespread debates. While 2)some people protest that the course advocates playing games, 3)the course instructor claims it aims to publicize advantages and disadvantages of games. 4)With the game industry booming, people think differently about games, 5)but they still need to be more tolerant and rational. 59
第十套
Directions: Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
In the past two hund ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red years, people have caused many kinds of animals to die out. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals’ homes. If animals can’t find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffaloes（水牛）.
Pollution ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can’t lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle （白头鹫）and the brown pelican（鹈鹕）, have become rare and may die out.
Scientists think t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there anymore. If the animals can’t learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs （恐龙）may have died out for this reason.
Many kinds of an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imals have died out/gone extinct in the past two centuries. There are several reasons for this. First, the massive construction of houses and factories destroys animals’ homes. Besides, hunters should also be responsible for some animals’ extinction. Because of pollution and climate change, some animals can neither produce strong offspring nor have enough food to eat. (58 words)
2、
3、指导性作文题
第一套
假如你是某中学的学生李明，写一封信给学校图书馆负责老师，因为你校图书馆将选择招募课余学生图书管理员．信必须包括以下内容：
简要介绍个人特长
表达希望成为课余学生图书管理员的愿望
谈谈你作为课余学生图书管理员，对学校图书馆管理提出一些建议
注意：文中请勿提及真实学校
Dear Sir/Madam，
【点拨】本文是一篇提纲作文．根据所提供的材 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )料信息，写一封信．写作要点包括三个方面。写作时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主．重要短语：have great interest in （对…有兴趣），in hope of （希望），in one's opinion （某人看来），involve sth （牵连，卷入…），be exposed to （接触；暴露于；遭受），put something in order （使…有秩序），take notes of（记笔记），a big deal （重要事情），extend the efficiency （提高效率），due to （由于），act as（充当，作为…），broaden one's horizon （扩大眼界…），admit sb into（允许某人进入…），look forward to（期望…）．
【高分句型】
1．thus putting the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) messy books in good order as well as taking notes of the details in the library work is not a big deal for me．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
这里是动名词putting the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) messy books in good order as well as taking notes of the details in the library work作主语，句子的谓语动词是is，表语为not a big deal for me．主语中由as well as连接了两个并列的动名词．
2．If accepted，I wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er if the number of books in the school library can be increased．
这里是if从句中的省略，可理解为If I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )am accepted，主句为I wonder if the number of books in the school library can be increased，主句中是由if引导的宾语从句．
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Ming in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Grade 3 Class 1．I'm writing to express that I have great interest in the position of an after-school librarian．I have been fully preparing in hope of being accepted．（表达希望成为课余学生图书管里员的愿望）
In my opinion，thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s job involves patience and responsibility．Having been a member of the students union for two years，I have been exposed to various trivial things，thus putting the messy books in good order as well as taking notes of the details in the library work is not a big deal for me．【高分句型】Moreover，I know to the largest content what the real concept of team work is．Enough emphasis on collective benefits has always helped me extend the efficiency due to my experience in after﹣school activities．Therefore I believe this experience will help me do better if I “m offered this job．（介绍个人特长）
If accepted，I wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er if the number of books in the school library can be increased．【高分句型】We know books act as a way to broaden our horizon. Without doubt, the more books we have，the more accesses to knowledge we can have．【高分句型】Due to the fact that there is no plant in our library, I hope that you can add some in it .It will be a great thing to read in a library filled with plants. （对学校图书管里提出一些建议）
I’d ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )preciate it if you could admit me into the after-school librarian group．I am looking forward to your reply．/and I hope you will find the proposals practical. Your prompt attention to my advice would be highly appreciated.
Best regards,
Li Ming
补充：
the amount of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) books can hardly meet our demands. So, I suggest our library will be able to make efforts to collect more popular and famous books. Besides, some outdated journal should be updated in time so as to bring new fresh air to us.
【点评】提纲作文在写作时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要注意内容是否包含了所有要点．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
第二套
Guided Writing
Directions: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
父母的言传身教在孩子的成长过程中往往起到重要的作用。请结合自身的经历， 描述一件印象深刻的事例，并谈谈感受。
范文1：
The parents’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) actions and words can have great effects on their child. According to my experience, that is really true.
When I was a 5-year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-old child, one day, my father drove me to a park to see the beautiful scenery. When we arrived the parking zone, we found that it was full of different cars. We could hardly find a place to park our car. Then I found the sidewalk outside the parking zone was nearly empty and there was a Santana car without passengers in it on the sidewalk. So I asked my father to park the car on the sidewalk like the Santana car. My father refused to do so. He explained,” if we park the car on the sidewalk, I will the likely to pay for a traffic fine. Besides, parking the car on the sidewalk may bring convenience to us. But it makes the walkers unconvenient to walk. We must consider the effect to the other people, not only think for ourselves.” Then I know what was wrong with me.
From this mat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter, I learnt to be considerate and know the importance of obey traffic laws. As you can see, the parents’ action and words may impact on their children a lot.
范文2：
It is often sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that a family is like a harbour ,① in which parents will give their children love ,support and comfort after ups and downs ;and my parents are one of them, whose good words and behaviours are② more than I can describe .Today I want to share one thing ③impressing me so deeply that it seems it had happended yesterday.英语培训_昂立教师BLOGAL4b K@ o1^_x001D_E5tZ&s21*cnjy*com

That was severa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l years ago. My mum’s boss put an end to their company .She became a laid-off worker ,④ which meant my father would be the only bread-owner of our family. My sister and I both felt somewhat worried ,and My parents sensed our anxiety immediately .⑤On one hand ,my mum was applying for other positions actively , ⑥which left no trace of dismay at all ; on the other hand my parents had a talk with us ,in which they expressed gently and confidently that feeding our family is their responsibility; they hoped that we two could focus on our study as before .⑦ Seeing our mum’s persistence ,we took their advice and returned to school life as usual. Fortunately, pretty soon my mum found another job. We together experienced those hard days , which helped us grow more .英语培训_昂立教师BLOG&S*d&c.dV$J;{(q{6j

From it , ⑧ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we konw that members of a family should support and love each other with optimistic attitude no matter what conditons we are in ; We understand that parents are loving us so much that they’re willing to shoulder all of the hardships to help us walk a smoothy way ;and we bear in mind that we must study hard to reward them and us ourselves who they love most .At this moment,I am writing down this article ,full of gratitude and love once more.
第三套
Guided Writing
Directions: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English composition in no less than 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.21*cnjy*com
俗话说“万事开头难”（All things ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are difficult before they are easy.）。你是否同意这一说法？请用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 你对这句俗语的理解；
2. 结合生活中一个具体事例加以说明。
注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。
范文1
As an old sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying goes, “All things are difficult before they are easy.” The widespread notion reveals the truth that we are likely to encounter setbacks when we start to do something but if we face them with perseverance and determination, we will find the rest of the work easier.
Personal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly, I am strongly in favour of the proverb and my own experience can well serve as case in point.When I was a Senior One student, I made up my mind to set up a science fiction community in our school.I thought it would be a piece of cake, but the first few weeks following my decision turned out tough. To my disappointment, few students showed interest in the community. Filled with the bitterness of failure, I was almost going to give up but the bottom of my heart urged me to keep calm and go on.After weeks of struggle and every possible means tried, I managed to find several members and once we started to hold activities, more students became interested and joined our community.
What can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be learnt from my experience is that perseverance carries true weight in our pursuit of success. Life is never like those fairy tales and we in reality all tend to meet frustrations and setbacks in our lives. Tricky as the situation might seem in the beginning,we must always bear in mind that “Every cloud has a silver lining” and our efforts won’t go in vain. Nevertheless, if we give up halfway, chances are that we’ll never see the easiness following the difficulties and he who is easily beaten to the ground by hardship is certain to end up achieve nothing.
To sum up, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he saying “All things are difficult before they are easy” serves as a perfect reminder that things all seem tough at the beginning. Faced with difficulties, we should cheer up and work with perseverance. Thus, success is bound to be within arm’s reach.
范文2
As the famous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )saying goes “All things are different before they are easy.” From my perspective, the proverb means that we’re all inexperienced and might meet numerous frustrations before handling the task well. There is no exception that we have to go through a certain period to familiarize ourselves with the practice, during which the perspective is most required.
Take myself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as an example, once I was assigned to deliver a speech on my English learning method. Never had I got such experience before, I was totally overwhelmed by the task. Despite the shyness and lack in confidence, I know it clear that the capability of expressing oneself to the public is of great importance in future work. Therefore, I started to practice trying to keep off nervousness. I looked out for speech videos, immitating the speaker's gesture; and spoke aloud before my parents. Thanks to these hardships,I managed to give a satisfying speech.
One must be equipp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with endurance and faithfulness during the course of exploration. Few of us are born to be genius.
第四套
Directions: Writ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e an English short message in about 8 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请家教有利有弊，我的看法是……
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Guided Writing: (a possible version)
Nowadays, many stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts together with their parents are keen on taking on tutors, especially for those junior or senior students.
Some people t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink taking on a tutor is good for students in some ways. The tutor can answer the students’ questions individually; thus, the students can solve difficult problems as soon as possible, and it will help them make rapid progress. In addition, some tutors assign their students supplementary exercises, and as a result, the students will learn extra knowledge from their tutors.
On the other hand, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome people think that the students depend too much on their tutor and they may take little notice of what their own teacher says. Besides, the tutor assigns them too much extra homework, which may make them tired of studies.
In my opinion, every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) coin has two sides. It is hard to say whether taking on a tutor is good or not. It all depends on the individual. If you want to take on a tutor, you should choose carefully since he or she will have a great influence on your studies.
第五套
Guided Writing
Directions:Write an E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nglish composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
为迎接校庆，学校将举行班级集体舞比赛 (group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参加。请谈谈你是否会参加比赛以及你做出该决定具体理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
A group dancing comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.
Generally speaking, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. As an old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. It clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to my class.
For the two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生就学校将举行的班级集体舞比赛谈谈自己的看法。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：开放性作文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
要求：
为迎接校庆，学校将举行班级集体舞比赛 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参加。请谈谈你是否会参加比赛以及你做出该决定的具体理由。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
group dancing co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mpetition; with great pleasure; generally speaking; enable sb. to do sth.; the importance of relaxation; more than; participate in; enthusiasm
第三步：连词成句
1. A group da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it.
2. While most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.
3. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision.
4. First, it is a g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently.
5.As an old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
6. Besides, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years.
7. Participati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to my class.
8. For the two reaso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] First, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Participating ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
第六套
Guided Writing
Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校公众号正在征集同学们的英文作文，请你写一篇文章，描述一次难忘的旅行经历，积极投稿，字数100-120左右。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
I have experienced m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any firsts, but the most unforgettable one is that I saw the Tianchi of Changbai Mountain for the first time.
Last July, my family a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd I took a tour to Changbai Mountain. We climbed up from the west slope, where the scenery basically remains the most primitive state. After climbing 1440 steps, we finally reached the top of the mountain. Although we were very tired, the temperature on the top of the mountain was very suitable, making us feel extremely comfortable. What's more, we were lucky enough to see the Tianchi, which is like a huge mirror inlaid among the peaks. It's said that 70% of the people who came to Changbai Mountain for the first time can't see the Tianchi because the weather on the top of the mountain is unpredictable, and the first time I came to Changbai Mountain, I saw tianchi, which is really amazing.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是开放性作文，要求写一篇文章，描述一次难忘的旅行经历。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：记叙文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时为主。
结构：第一段引入话题，第二段介绍难忘的经历。
要求：要点明确，重点突出。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
take a tour to； on the top of；for the first time；climb up21教育网
第三步：连词成句
1. I have expe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rienced many firsts, but the most unforgettable one is that I saw the Tianchi of Changbai Mountain for the first time.
2.Last July, my family and I took a tour to Changbai Mountain.
3.We climbed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up from the west slope, where the scenery basically remains the most primitive state.
4. After climb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing 1440 steps, we finally reached the top of the mountain.
5. Although we w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere very tired, the temperature on the top of the mountain was very suitable, making us feel extremely comfortable.
6. What's more, we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were lucky enough to see the Tianchi, which is like a huge mirror inlaid among the peaks.
7.It's said that 7 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0% of the people who came to Changbai Mountain for the first time can't see the Tianchi because the weather on the top of the mountain is unpredictable, and the first time I came to Changbai Mountain, I saw tianchi, which is really amazing.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.本文使用了表并列补充关系的连词： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition
2.连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] We clim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bed up from the west slope, where the scenery basically remains the most primitive state.(where引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Altho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh we were very tired, the temperature on the top of the mountain was very suitable, making us feel extremely comfortable.(although引导让步状语从句，现在分词making作状语)
[高分句型3] What’s more, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we were lucky enough to see the Tianchi, which is like a huge mirror inlaid among the peaks.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
第七套
Directions: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
同学们经历了十多年的课堂教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，也体验了两个多月的新型线上教学模式。两种教学模式各有特点。请表明你更偏爱哪种教学模式，并通过比较，阐述你偏爱的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Aff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ected by the epidemic, we have been studying online for more than two months. Online teaching is different from classroom teaching. Many students enjoy online teaching, but I prefer the latter. Here are the reasons:
First of all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), the time of online teaching is flexible, but we are required to have a relatively high self-control consciousness. However, we don’t need to worry about discipline problems in classroom teaching. Secondly, our eyes can’t bear it for a long time in online teaching, which seriously affect the study efficiency. In addition, differing from online teaching through the screen, we can communicate with our teachers and students face to face in classroom teaching thus the teachers can easily judge the situation of the class.
To sum up, I prefer classroom teaching to online teaching.
第八套
假定你是李华，最近你发现有学生将共享单车停到了校园内并且上了私锁。请你就此现象，写一份倡议书发表在校英文报上，倡议同学们文明使用共享单车。21教育名师原创作品
内容提示： 1. 共享单车带给人们的便利；
2. 如何正确使用共享单车。
注意: 1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：共享单车：shared bikes
My dear fellow students,
Recently I’ve no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ticed shared bikes, such as Mobike and Ofo, parked in our campus, and even own locks are put on them. Shared bikes bring people great convenience as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem. Hence, shared bikes should be left in public for next users. It is morally wrong that we take possession of one for our own selfish interest. I advocate raising our awareness of using shared bikes reasonably so that everyone can benefit from this service.
Li Hua
第九套
Directions: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
现在中国购物网站非常繁荣，很多人选择网上购物而不是去商场实体店购物，你更倾向于哪种购物方式，并说出你的理由。
注意：请勿出现真实的学校及姓名。
参考范文：
Nowadays, online shop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ping has become an irreversible trend. Some people claim that online shopping has more advantages while others maintain that physical stores are better.
From my perspecti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve, I prefer online shopping for three reasons. First of all, its super convenience is of vital importance to me because it enables me to save more time and energy for my work. Secondly，more choices and more different kinds of commodities are offered on the Internet so that I can compare prices，types，qualities and can even refer to people's comments before choosing the appropriate one for me. Last but not least, online shopping enables me to buy things across different countries without travelling around the world, which is of great convenience on a daily basis.www.21-cn-jy.com
All in all, onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ine shopping is more appealing to me and will definitely keep accompanying me in the future.
第十套
Directions: Wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
人们成功的有众多因素组成，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：勤奋、机遇、毅力、梦想、热情、耐心、创造性、无畏、无私等，请你选择一个你认为最重要的因素，并结合生活实例简述理由。
【答案】
Some people regar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d opportunity as the most important way to success. But I think working hard is the key to success.
There is no dou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bt that if the person does not work hard and fight for his goal, there is no way for him to get what he wants. Some actors start their career at the very young age, when they are also 40, they become famous suddenly. If they give up, they can’t gain their reputation. So working hard, there is much chance to succeed. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your dreams, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.
From my point of v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iew, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are working hard can make use of them to achieve their dreams.
专题07： 概要写作题（10套）+ 指导性作文题（10套）
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