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上海2022届中考英语：非谓语动词的用法
知识点梳理
基本概念
在英语中，不作句子谓语，但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分类
不定式（to do sth）；动名词（v-ing）；现在分词（doing）；过去分词（done）；
初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及使动用法的词现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。
非谓语动词用法：
动词不定式（to do）的用法：
1. 作主语：
To learn English well is important.
To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy.
△ 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。
Learning English is important.
Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy.
△ 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
It’s important to learn English.
It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables.
2. 作表语：
My job is to teach English./His hobby is to collect stamps.
3. 作宾语：
(1).动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词有：
want=would like(想要), learn, teach,make up one’s mind=decide=determine(决定做),hope, wish,agree, afford(负担得起),try (do) one’s best(尽力),take actions(采取行动),plan, expect, manage（设法）, fail, offer(主动提出), promise, refuse（拒绝）, pretend(假装),prepare,
fear,demand/need(要求，需要),arrange(安排),have ability(有能力)。
He wants to go home at once. I began to play the piano when I was four.
4. 作宾语补足语：
(1).动词不定式还可用作双宾的形式，这些动词有
want=would like(想要),task / tell / teach/warn(警告) / wish / need=require=request(需要，要求)/expect /wish/ order =instruct=comand(命令，指示)/ encourage / allow =permit(允许)/ invite / enable / force /advise(建议)/beg(求)/bear(忍受)/drive(驱使)/cause(致使，引起)/persuade(说服) sb. (not)to do sth.
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. Mother told me not to come home late.
I’d like you to meet my family.
批注：advise sb. to do sth./suggest (that) sb.(should) do sth.(虚拟语气)
△使役动词make, let, have后的宾语补足语，其不定式的to要省略。而help 后的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但是改成被动语态时，要加“to”:
make/let/have sb. do sth. /help sb.(to) do sth.
Could you please help me (to) do some housework
I hear him sing every night. (变成被动语态)
→He is heard to sing by me every night.(变成被动语态)
We saw her play the piano last night.
→She was seen to play the piano by us last night.
It made me feel sad.(变成被动语态)
→I was made to feel sad by it.
注意：感官动词see, hear, watch, notice等动词的用法：
see
Sb. hear sb. / sth. doing sth.
watch do
notice
5.作定语：
(1)这种不定式与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have much work to do. Do you have anything to say
Would you like something. to eat It’s a good place to have fun.
如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。
There is nothing to worry_________. / He has no room to live _________.
The dog is easy to take care ________. / I’d like some paper to write __________.
(2)说明所修辞名词的内容：
We had a plan to finish the work.
(3)被修辞名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get there.
6. 作状语：
I came here to see you. （目的）
I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）
Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）
To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的）
7. “疑问词+不定式”结构：
疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。
Where to live is a problem. （主语）
Do you know when to start （宾语）
The problem is how to use the machine. （表语）
I don’t know to do it. （宾语） A.what B. how
8.固定短语.
can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事
get/have a chance to do sth.得到一个做某事的机会
It’s+ adj.+(for sb) to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
It’s+adj.+(of sb.) to do sth.
It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s best for sb. to do sth对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time for sb to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了
too…(for sb.)to ......太.....以致不能.....=not…enough to do=so...that....(否定)
动名词(V-ing)的用法：
1. 作主语：
2. 作表语：Her favorite is reading.
3.作宾语：
4. 作定语：It’s a reading room.
△ running star, living room, eating habit, English-speaking country, Tree-planting Day
5. 有些动词后只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式，这些动词有：
①enjoy/like/love(喜欢)/hate=dislike(讨厌) doing sth.
②stop sb. from doing sth. =(prevent/keep)（阻止某人做某事）
③feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
④. succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.设法成功做某事
⑤spend…(in) doing 花费……做某事=It take sb. time to do sth.
⑥thanks for doing sth. 因某事感谢某人
⑦have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很有趣/高兴
⑧practice doing sth. 练习做某事
⑨finish doing sth. 完成做某事
⑩mind doing sth. 介意做某事
(11) be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth忙于做某事
(12) give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
(13) can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
(14) have trouble/problem/a hard time / difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
(15) put off /delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
(16). keep sb. doing / keep doing sth.使某人保持做某事
(17) prefer doing to (介词) doing… 比起…更喜欢…
=would rather do than do=prefer to do rather than do
=like doing better than doing.
(18)admit(承认) doing sth./deny（否认）doing sth.
(19)be afraid of doing sth/ to do sth (害怕做)
(20)sth be worth doing 值得做...
(21)waste time(money) doing sth.
(22)be proud of doing sth. 骄傲做...
(23)be interested in doing sth. 对...感兴趣
(24)be good at=do well in doing sth 擅长做...
(25)be keen on=be fond of doing sth. 沉迷做...
(26)It’s no use/good doing sth. 做...没用
(27)how about=what about doing sth (...怎么样？)
(28)advise=suggest(建议) doing sth
(29)allow =permit(允许) doing sth
(30) get/be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
比较：used to do sth 过去常常做某事/be used to do sth/be used for doing sth.被用来做某事
(31).imagine/avoid(避免)/think of(认为)/dream of(梦想)/burst out(爆发，突然发生)/look forward to(期待)/insist on(坚持)/get tired of(厌倦)/consider/concentrate on (集中注意力)=pay attention to doing 注意做某事/instead of(代替)/take charge of=be responsible for=be in charge of(负责做)
6. 有些动词后所带的宾语既可以是不定式，又可以是动名词，但所表达的意义不同。
（1）stop
She stopped (talk) with me when she saw me.
It’s time for class. Please stop (talk).
（2）go on=continue（继续）
He didn’t have a rest and went on (work).
After cleaning the room, we went on (cook).
（3）forget /remember
I usually forgot (close) the door, but I remembered (close) it just now.
（4）try
Why not try (do) it in another way
He always tries ________( finish)his work before dinner.
（5）regret doing sth. / to do sth. (后悔，遗憾)
（6）sb. mean to do sth.(打算做) / Sth. mean doing sth.(意味着)
begin/start, like/love doing sth/ to do sth.
某些固定句型用原形：
1．Will(Woud)/Can(could) you please (not) do sth… 请（不要）做某事好吗？
2．had better do sth最好做某事
3．Let’s=Why not do sth… =why don’t you... +动词原形 为何不做某事
4．would rather(not) do sth…宁可（不）；宁愿（不）
此句型也可以扩展成：would rather do sth than do sth=would do rather than do
5.在祈使语气（或口语）中。
巩固练习
Emily’s mother felt it necessary to let her daughter _____ her own decision this time.
A. to make B. makes C. make D. making
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：C
After being questioned by the police, he admitted ______ lies about his real name.
A. tells B. told C. to tell D. telling
考点：admit doing sth 承认做过某事
参考答案：D
The pop singer was busy ___for his concert. He didn't have enough time to take a rest.
to prepare B) preparing C) prepare D) prepared
考点：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
参考答案：B
The careless driver failed_____the other car in time, which caused a terrible accident.
to see B) seeing C) see D) saw
考点：fail to do sth 失败做某事
参考答案：A
Anyone is required_______ in the passwords when he wants to use the WiFi.
put B) to put C) putting D) puts
考点：require sb to do sth，be required to do sth 被要求去做某事
参考答案：B
The naughty boy denied _______ the expensive vase when his parents asked him.
A. breaking B. broken C. to break D. break
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：A
Community service workers help others and make everyone ________ better.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：A
Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens
-- Yes, I finished ________ it last summer vacation.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
考点：finish doing sth 结束做某事
参考答案：B
They are looking forward to having an opportunity _______ society for real - life experience.
A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored
考点：have an opportunity to do sth/have a chance to do sth有机会做某事
参考答案：B
She had to practise ____ in various weather conditions before she passed the test.
A. drive B. to drive C. driving D. to driving
考点：practise doing sth练习做某事
参考答案：C
Would you mind _________ me who is going to make the opening speech at the ceremony
A. tell B. tells C. to tell D. telling
考点：mind doing sth 介意做某事
参考答案：D
I tried to call to apologize to Mary, but she refused ________ the phone.
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered
考点：refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
参考答案：C
When talking to ladies, we should avoid ________ their ages.
A. mentioning B. to mention C. mention D. mentioned
考点：avoid doing sth 避免做某事
参考答案：A
While drawing comic strips, you can make characters burst out _______ by showing the teeth.
A. laugh B. laughing C. laughed D. to laugh
考点：burst out laughing大笑起来
参考答案：B
The captain couldn’t promise _______ anywhere because of the poor weather.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. sailed
考点：promise to do sth 承诺做某事
参考答案：B
If you keep ________ five sentences a day, you will be able to speak nice English.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
考点：keep doing sth 一直/继续做某事
参考答案：C
The performance by the funny man made the audience ________ for a long time.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：A
Don’t forget ____ some spare batteries when you take photos of these amazing animals.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
考点：remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记要去做某事
remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事
参考答案：C
The government promised____ some schools for the children in mountain areas.
build B) to build C) building D) built
考点：promise to do sth 承诺做某事
参考答案：B
The soldiers tried many ways to prevent the flood from___ the roads and fields.
destroy B) to destroy C) destroying D) destroyed
考点：prevent…from doing sth使….避免做某事/免受…的危害
参考答案：C
He denied ____ down the old man although some witnesses said so.
knock B. to knock C. knocking D. knocked
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：C
The toy company has promised ________ all the models from non-plastic materials.
make B. making C. to make D. made
考点：promise to do sth 承诺做某事
参考答案：C
After receiving an e-mail of apology, the client felt better and stopped________any more.
complain B. to complain C. complaining D. complained
考点：stop doing sth 停止做某事
拓展 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
参考答案：C
My purchases were three weeks late. I had expected the goods _________ on time.
A. arrive B. arriving C. arrived D. to arrive
考点：expect sb to do sth期望某人去做某事
参考答案：D
Alan’s mother advised him _________ books instead of copying words again and again.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
考点：advise sb to sth 建议某人做某事
参考答案：B
The boss made his workers _________ over 10 hours a day. That was against the law.
A. worked B. working C. to work D. work
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：D
“Mr. Lin, you’d better too much meat. It’s not good for your health.”said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. not eating C. not eat D. don’t eat
考点：had better do sth 最好做某事
参考答案：C
After being questioned by the detective several times, he still denied the jewellery.
steals B. stole C. to steal D. stealing
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：D
The air outside is very dirty this morning. Would you mind _______ the windows
A) close B) to close C) closing D) closes
考点：mind doing sth 介意做某事
参考答案：C
These days doctors often advise citizens_______ hands more often than usual.
A) wash B) washes C) washing D) to wash
考点：advise sb to sth 建议某人做某事
参考答案：D
more trees can help to protect the Earth and make it more beautiful.
Planted B. To plant C. Planting D. Plant
考点：动名词做主语
参考答案：C
We'd better ______ the seven-step hand washing method to keep healthy.
A) following B) followed C) to follow D) follow
考点：had better do sth 最好做某事
参考答案：D
The little boy admitted _____ the vase on the shelf at last.
A) to break B) break C) breaking D) broke
考点：admit doing sth 承认做过某事
参考答案：C
The sadness over her father’s death made it difficult for her________ schoolwork.
A) finish B) to finish C) finishing D)to finishing
考点： it is +形容词 +for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是怎样的
参考答案：B
Many students admitted________ games once in a while when they took online courses.
A) play B) played C) playing D) to play
考点：admit doing sth 承认做过某事
参考答案：C
When the detective interviewed the man, he denied ___________ the expensive earrings.
A. to steal B. stealing C. steals D. steal
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：B
Oh very funny! You expect me that
A. believe B. to believe C. believed D. believing
考点：expect sb to do sth期望某人去做某事
参考答案：B
Nowadays students have more time to practise English after class.
A. speak B. spoke C. speaking D. to speak
考点：practise doing sth练习做某事
参考答案：C
When we’re under a lot of stress, we need something that enables us____ relaxed.
A) feel B) to feel C) to feeling D) feeling
考点：enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
参考答案：B
In order to memorize the new words, you’d better practise____ them again and again.
A) use B) to use C) to using D) using
考点：practise doing sth练习做某事
参考答案：D
After work Mary decided________ new technologies to enrich her teaching.
A) learned B) to learn C) learning D) learn
考点：decide to do sth 决定做某事
参考答案：B
The husband denied________ his wife when the reporter first interviewed him.
A) kill B) to kill C) killing D) killed
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
Nowadays all schools require students______ hands before having meals.
wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed
考点：require sb to do sth，be required to do sth 被要求去做某事
参考答案：B
Tina loves sweets but her mum doesn't let her _______them very often.
A. have B. had C. to have D. having
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：A
Both John and his brother denied ____________ the bookshelves.
A. messing B. to mess C. mess D. messed
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：A
Emily called Alex for help because she had trouble_____ her wardrobe.
moved B. moving C. to move D. move
考点：have trouble/difficulty （in）doing sth在做某事方面有困难
参考答案：B
30.Lisa promised______harder in order to win the next match against the same team.
A.to train B. to training C. training D. train
考点：promise to do sth 承诺做某事
参考答案：A
It is not a good idea______ a picnic on windy days.
A) have B) to have C) having D) had
考点： it is a good idea to do sth做某事是个好主意
参考答案：B
At first Mr. Jones denied______ his own vase, but later he admitted his crime.
A) steal B) to steal C) stealing D) stolen
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：C
Tina loves sweets but her mum doesn't let her _______them very often.
A. have B. had C. to have D. having
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：A
Both John and his brother denied ____________ the bookshelves.
A. messing B. to mess C. mess D. messed
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：A
Many little boys hope that they can have the ability theworldlike
superheroes.
save B. to save C. saving D. saved
have the ability to do sth有能力做某事
参考答案：B
I’ll take care of the puppy, and you don’t have to remind me things for him.
do B) to do C) doing D) to doing
考点：remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
参考答案：B
. Lily promised her son ______ a trip abroad if he made some progress in study.
A. arrange B. arranges C. arranging D. to arrange
考点promise sb to do sth承诺某人去做某事
参考答案：D
People would rather ______ goods online than in the shop because there are more choices.
buy B. to buy C. not buy D. not to buy
考点：would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
参考答案：A
The government suggests people ____ the Spring festival their working place this year.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. will spend
考点：suggest sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
拓展 suggest doing sth 建议做某事
参考答案：A
High school students are required ___ part in the volunteer project every term.
A. take B. taking C. took D. to take
考点：require sb to do sth，be required to do sth 被要求去做某事
参考答案：D
Martin denied ___ others’ answers in the history exam.
A. copy B. to copy C. copying D. copied
考点：deny doing sth 否认做过某事
参考答案：C
The crew spent three days in space _________ the Earth more than 15 times each day.
A. circle B. to circle C. circling D. to circling
考点：spend time/money on/doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事
参考答案：C
At the meeting, all countries promised _________ greenhouse effect by using less fossil fuel.
A. reduce B. to reduce C. reducing D. to reducing
考点：promise to do sth 承诺做某事
参考答案：B
Lucy and her cousin decided _________ at that restaurant as there were so many people in the queue.
A. not eating B. not to eat C. not eat D. to not eat
考点：decide to do sth决定去做某事
参考答案：B
Please stop _________, little man! I haven't even touched your tooth yet.
A. cry B. cried C. to cry D. crying
考点：stop doing sth 停止做某事
拓展 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
参考答案：D
Taobao shop owners are busy _________ clothes for their online customers.
A. pack B. to pack C. packing D. packed
考点：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
参考答案：C
Bill often pretends _________ in class, but actually he doesn't at all.
A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. to understand
考点：pretend to do sth假装做某事
参考答案：D
I saw Tom ___ football with his classmates at three this afternoon.
A. plays B. played C. playing D. to play
考点：see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事
参考答案：C
The African doctors hope _________ with the Chinese medical team once again.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
考点：hope to do sth 希望做某事
参考答案：B
He is a man with strong will and nothing will make him _________ his mind.
A. to change B. change C. changing D. changed
考点：make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事
参考答案：B
I just had my tooth pulled out. I’d better ____ noodles for dinner tonight.
A. cook B. to cook C. cooked D. cooking
考点：had better do sth 最好做某事
My most memorable toy is a scooter. My sister and I practiced _________ with one foot every day.
A. push B. pushed C. pushing D. to push
考点：practise doing sth练习做某事
参考答案：C
John! You’re having such a high fever. You’d better ________ the doctor right now.
A) to seeing B) seeing C) to see D) see
考点：had better do sth 最好做某事
参考答案：D
The thief admitted ________ the precious bracelet from Miss Black’s office.
A) steal B) to steal C) stealing D) to stealing
考点：admit doing sth 承认做过某事
参考答案：C
Amy turned off her desktop after she finished _________ the report on the school project.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote
考点：finish doing sth 结束做某事
参考答案：C
It's going to rain this afternoon. You'd better _________ the windows when you go out.
A. close B. to close C. closed D. closing
考点：had better do sth 最好做某事
参考答案：A
The government advised all the citizens _________ at home until the typhoon passed away,
A) staying B) to stay C) stayed D) stay
考点：advise sb to do sth 建议某人去做某事
参考答案：B
Since you've made a decision _________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself.
A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying
考点：make a decision to do sth决定去做某事
参考答案：B
I can recognize the singer because I remember _________ him somewhere.
A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. interviewing
考点：remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记要去做某事
remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事
参考答案：D
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