2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题)(含答案及解析)

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2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题)(含答案及解析)

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2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):省略句
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 宁德模拟)﹣﹣ATL(新能源) has taken the leading position in the battery industry.
﹣﹣ ________.It offers more job opportunities.(  )
A.So it is B.So it has C.So has it
2.(2021 利津县模拟)﹣Would you like to go to the city park ?
﹣I'm not sure. If Mike doesn't, ___________.(  )
A.neither I do B.neither do I
C.neither I will D.neither will I
3.(2021 岳阳县模拟)It is helpful for older adults to exercise.Not only them keep their bodies healthy, but it can also help their brains .(  )
A.it helps B.it can help
C.can it help
4.(2021 广饶县二模)Only after my friend came,______.(  )
A.did the computer repaired
B.was repaired the computer
C.was the computer repaired
D.the computer was repaired
5.(2021 达州模拟)My mother enjoys eating fish. .
A.So I do B.Neither do I
C.So do I D.Neither I do
6.(2021 重庆模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Will you go to the party tomorrow?
﹣﹣﹣ If you go, _______.If you don't, _______.(  )
A.so will I; neither will I
B.so do I; neither do I
C.so I do; neither I do
D.so I will; neither I will
7.(2021 襄州区模拟)﹣﹣﹣ There are many advertisements on computer when you turn it on. I don't like them.
﹣﹣﹣______. Some of them are harmful to us.
A.So do I B.So am I
C.Neither do I D.Neither am I
8.(2021 福建一模)﹣I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework to do.
﹣If you don't go,_______(  )
A.so do I B.neither will I
C.so will I
9.(2019 鄂州)﹣﹣﹣ Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!
﹣﹣﹣ . But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.(  )
A.Neither I did B.Neither did I
C.So did I D.So I did
10.(2020 达州)﹣ It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday. I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races. How exciting!
﹣ _________, but I didn't see you there.(  )
A.So I did B.So did I
C.So do I D.Neither did I
11.(2020 恩阳区 一模)﹣I heard Lucy made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
﹣__________, and __________.(  )
A.So she did; so did I B.So did she; so I did
C.So she was; so was I D.So was she; so I was
12.(2020 镇江一模)﹣ My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.
﹣ _________. Shall we go together?(  )
A.So will my sister B.So will you
C.So will I D.So am I
13.(2020 扬州模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Kitty has gone to the UK for further study. I haven't seen her for a long time!
﹣﹣﹣ _______. I miss her so much!(  )
A.Neither do I B.Me neither
C.So do I D.So I have
14.(2019 营口模拟)﹣It was fine yesterday.
﹣_______today, isn't it? And a very day for fishing.(  )
A.So it was B.It is so C.So it is D.So is it
15.(2020 安庆模拟)﹣My best friend, Li Tao, likes watching football games.
﹣ . It's very exciting.(  )
A.So do I B.So am I C.So I do D.So I am
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):省略句(15题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 宁德模拟)﹣﹣ATL(新能源) has taken the leading position in the battery industry.
﹣﹣ ________.It offers more job opportunities.(  )
A.So it is B.So it has C.So has it
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣新能源在电池行业处于领先地位。
﹣的确如此。它提供了更多的工作机会。
【解答】根据语境及答语It offers more job opportunities,设空处表赞同上文的观点,因此应用固定结构"So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词",表赞同对方的观点,意为"的确如此";且因为题干第一句的谓语是has taken现在完成时态,因此此结构中应用助动词has,即So it has符合语境。
故选:B。
【点评】解答此题的关键,需掌握固定结构"So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词"的用法,同时还要结合上文谓语判断此结构中动词的形式。
2.(2021 利津县模拟)﹣Would you like to go to the city park ?
﹣I'm not sure. If Mike doesn't, ___________.(  )
A.neither I do B.neither do I
C.neither I will D.neither will I
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣你想去城市公园吗?
﹣﹣﹣我不确定。如果迈克不去,我就不去。
【解答】根据if Mike doesn't可知,这是一个条件句,遵循主将从现的原则,因此此处用情态动词will,排除A、B两项;neither位于句首,句子采用倒装,所以排除C。
故选:D。
【点评】本题考查倒装句,要求学生要掌握各种句式结构,做题时认真分析题干,再结合句意进行选择,最终得出正确答案。
3.(2021 岳阳县模拟)It is helpful for older adults to exercise.Not only them keep their bodies healthy, but it can also help their brains .(  )
A.it helps B.it can help
C.can it help
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】老年人锻炼身体是有帮助的。这不仅有助于他们保持身体健康,还可以有利于他们的大脑。
【解答】分析句子结构可知,not only...but also...前后连接的两个句子,当用not only...but also...单独连接的两个句子时,not only所在的句子要用部分倒装;再结合句意可知,"锻炼能够"帮助老年人保持身体健康,句子中含有情态动词can,应该把can提到主语it的前面。
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查倒装句,要求学生学习中养成很好的积累意识,把各种题型牢固掌握,做题时根据题目要求进行分析,最终选出正确答案。
4.(2021 广饶县二模)Only after my friend came,______.(  )
A.did the computer repaired
B.was repaired the computer
C.was the computer repaired
D.the computer was repaired
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】只有在我朋友来了之后,电脑才被修好。
【解答】分析题干可知,only+状语置于句首时,此句构成倒装,句子的主谓应该用部分倒装,因此排除D选项;根据主语computer与动词repair的关系可知,谓语动词应该使用被动语态,即be+过去分词,又因为是部分倒装,只有be动词的适当形式置于主语的前面,所以只有C项符合语法规则。
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查倒装句,要求学生要多积累倒装句的常用形式,做题时,结合选项进行分析排除,最终得出正确答案。
5.(2021 达州模拟)My mother enjoys eating fish. .
A.So I do B.Neither do I
C.So do I D.Neither I do
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】我妈妈喜欢吃鱼,我也喜欢。
【解答】根据语境及题干关键信息enjoys eating fish(喜欢吃鱼),设空处表"我也喜欢吃鱼",因此应用"So+be动词/情态动词/助动词+(另一)主语"结构,表前面的情况同样适用后面的主语。故选:C。
【点评】解答此题时,需根据语境选择合适的结构,同时还需掌握几个相近结构的用法。
6.(2021 重庆模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Will you go to the party tomorrow?
﹣﹣﹣ If you go, _______.If you don't, _______.(  )
A.so will I; neither will I
B.so do I; neither do I
C.so I do; neither I do
D.so I will; neither I will
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】你明天会去参加聚会吗?
如果你去,我也去。如果你不喜欢,我就不去了。
【解答】以so开头的倒装句有两种结构:"so +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语(表肯定)"意为"某人或某物也这样";":如果前一句是否定句式,就要用"neither/nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语";结合句意理解,排除C、D,if引导的条件状语从句,遵从主将从现,因此后面倒装句的时态用一般将来时。
故选:A。
【点评】本题考查倒装句,要求做题时,注意结合语法以及语境进行分析,最终得出正确答案。
7.(2021 襄州区模拟)﹣﹣﹣ There are many advertisements on computer when you turn it on. I don't like them.
﹣﹣﹣______. Some of them are harmful to us.
A.So do I B.So am I
C.Neither do I D.Neither am I
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣当你打开电脑时,电脑上有许多广告。我不喜欢它们。
﹣我也不喜欢。有一些对我们是有害的。
【解答】根据语境及答语中的Some of them are harmful to us(有些对我们是有害的)知,设空处表"我也不喜欢";英语中,表前面的情况同样适用于另一主语时,应用"Neither/Nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语"结构;题干中前面的情况是I don't like them,因此设空处也应用助动词do,C项符合题意。
故选:C。
【点评】解答此题时,需掌握英语中表达"前面的情况同样适用于另一主语"时的结构用法。
8.(2021 福建一模)﹣I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework to do.
﹣If you don't go,_______(  )
A.so do I B.neither will I
C.so will I
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣我想和你一起去远足,但是我有太多作业要做。
﹣如果你不去,我也不去。
【解答】根据语境,设空处表"我也不去",因此应用"Neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语"结构,表"……也不";且题干第二句是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循"主将从现"原则,题干设空处是主句,因此应用将来时态,故B项表述符合句法结构。
故选:B。
【点评】解答此题时,学生需掌握两点:"Neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语"结构;if引导的条件状语从句中"主将从现"原则。
9.(2019 鄂州)﹣﹣﹣ Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!
﹣﹣﹣ . But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.(  )
A.Neither I did B.Neither did I
C.So did I D.So I did
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣去年暑假,我没有去任何地方.多么无聊!
﹣我也没去.但是今年夏天我要去某个地方度假.
【解答】根据句意:﹣去年暑假,我没有去任何地方.多么无聊!﹣我也没去.但是今年夏天我要去某个地方度假.由Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!可知句子是否定句,用neither,而so用于肯定句;neither+动词+主语,表示前者叙述的情况和后者一样.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉到撞击的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
10.(2020 达州)﹣ It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday. I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races. How exciting!
﹣ _________, but I didn't see you there.(  )
A.So I did B.So did I
C.So do I D.Neither did I
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣上周六是端午节.我开车去莲花湖看龙舟比赛.太令人兴奋了!
﹣我也去了,但是我在那没看到你.
【解答】英文中so/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示和前者一样,其中so用于肯定句,neither用于否定句.其次so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词,表示……的确如此.根据题干中but I didn't see you there.可知说话人也去了莲花湖看龙舟比赛,表示一种肯定的情况,则应用so,且该句是一般过去时,则应用助动词did.
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查倒装句,要求学生掌握常见的倒装句的句型结构及用法,再根据题干即可作出选择.
11.(2020 恩阳区 一模)﹣I heard Lucy made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
﹣__________, and __________.(  )
A.So she did; so did I B.So did she; so I did
C.So she was; so was I D.So was she; so I was
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣我听说昨天露西在毕业典礼上做了一个英语演讲。
﹣﹣﹣她确实是,我也是。
【解答】so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词表示同意前者的观点,意为"的确是";so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语表示前者所说的情况也同样适用于后者,意为"某人/物也是";根据句意:我听说昨天露西在毕业典礼上做了一个英语演讲。可知说话者应该是先肯定了对方的话然后又陈述了自己的情况,即"她确实是,我也是。"此处助动词参照实义动词heard,所以用did不用was。
故选:A。
【点评】此题考查倒装句,首先要牢记含so的倒装句的两种句式.做题时要结合具体语境,先确定句式,然后确定主语及其所需要的助动词、系动词或情态动词,再进行选择。
12.(2020 镇江一模)﹣ My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.
﹣ _________. Shall we go together?(  )
A.So will my sister B.So will you
C.So will I D.So am I
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】我和我哥哥明天要去图书馆.
我也去.我们一起去好吗?
【解答】根据题干Shall we go together?可知"我"要表达"我也去"排除AB.由My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.可知此句是一般将来时,根据时态一致原则,排除D.C符合题意,
故选:C。
【点评】对于So引导的倒装句的用法要牢记,并能根据具体语境确定主语,再结合时态一致原则判断出正确答案.
13.(2020 扬州模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Kitty has gone to the UK for further study. I haven't seen her for a long time!
﹣﹣﹣ _______. I miss her so much!(  )
A.Neither do I B.Me neither
C.So do I D.So I have
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】凯蒂去英国深造了,我很长时间没见她了.
我也很久没见她了,非常想念她.
【解答】根据题干" I haven't seen her for a long time!"可知句子时态是现在完成时,AC选项先排除.选项D意为,的确如此,用于肯定前者说的话,主语往往是一个人,结合上下文可推断主语是两个人,排除D.选项B.意为我也没有,符合题意,
故选:B.
【点评】对于倒装句的几种类型要熟知,再根据具体语境判断出正确答案.
14.(2019 营口模拟)﹣It was fine yesterday.
﹣_______today, isn't it? And a very day for fishing.(  )
A.So it was B.It is so C.So it is D.So is it
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】﹣昨天天气很好.
﹣今天也很好,对吧?非常适合钓鱼的一天.
【解答】本题考查倒装句."so 助动词+主语"意思是"某人也一样".本句的主语是天气it,讨论今天的天气,系动词是is,排除A. So is it符合语境."so 主语+助动词"意思是"的确如此".
故选:D.
【点评】此类题目,分析语法结构,结合句意,便可选出正确答案.
15.(2020 安庆模拟)﹣My best friend, Li Tao, likes watching football games.
﹣ . It's very exciting.(  )
A.So do I B.So am I C.So I do D.So I am
【考点】倒装句.
【分析】我最好的朋友,李涛,喜欢看足球比赛.
我也是,足球比赛是非常令人兴奋的.
【解答】So引导的倒装句有两种句式:①So+be动词/助动词/情态动词…+主语,表示"…也是",两个说话人的主语不是同一人.②So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词…,表示"的确如此",两个说话人的主语是同一人.根据题干中的主语"Li Tao"及结合选项可知两个说话人的主语不是同一人,排除CD.由谓语动词" likes "可知应用助动词,排除B.
故选:A.
【点评】掌握So引导的倒装句的两种句式,结合语境,选择合适的倒装句式,再根据时态一致原则,最终选出正确答案.
考点卡片
1.倒装句
【概念】
①倒装:
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后.把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装.
②全部倒装:
全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装.
③部分倒装:
只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前.
【用法】
1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装.
如: There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人.
There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众.
2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装.如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了.
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了.
注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装.如:
Here they are. 他们在这儿.
3. 介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie, live, sit, stand, come, go等动词,全句需要全部倒装.如:
Into the hall came three women. 大厅里走进来三位妇女.
In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店.
4. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致.如:
﹣I have finished my homework.
我已经做完作业了.
﹣So has he. 他也做完了.
﹣I haven't seen that film. 我没看过那部电影.
﹣Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有.
5. not only…but also…连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装.如:
Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed.
他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题考查倒装句多考查so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语,以及not only…but also…连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装这两种情况,这是考查的重点.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):现在完成时
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 铜仁市模拟)—Where is Mr.Brown?
—He _________ Australia.He _________ there last year.(  )
A.has been to;has been B.has been to;has gone
C.has gone to;went D.has gone to;has been
2.(2021 广陵区一模)—Have you been to SuNing Plaza in our city?
—No.Although it ________ for more than a week,I am far too busy to go there.(  )
A.has started B.has opened
C.has been open D.has been on
3.(2021 房县模拟)﹣﹣﹣Mom,I want to watch In the Name of People on Channel 39 tonight.
﹣﹣﹣Oh,dear,it ________ for a few e on!(  )
A.will begin B.will be on
C.has begun D.has been on
4.(2021 南通一模)﹣Nick,you seem in a low mood.What's wrong?
﹣I a bad cold for three days.(  )
A.had B.caught
C.have had D.have caught
5.(2019 荆州)﹣﹣An unclear picture of a far﹣away black hole scientists around the world these days, as it might solve some of the biggest problems about our universe.
﹣﹣It's unbelievable!(  )
A.is excited B.was excited
C.had excited D.has excited
6.(2021 镇江)In the past 40 years,Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan.(  )
A.helped B.is helping C.has helped D.will help
7.(2019 淮安)﹣﹣Where are the teachers now?
﹣ In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.(  )
A.have begun B.have been on
C.have had D.have been held
8.(2021 南平模拟)— When did your uncle leave his hometown?
— He ________ for nearly twenty years.(  )
A.left B.has left
C.has been away
9.(2021 利津县模拟)Great changes _________ in our hometown in the last few years.(  )
A.took place
B.was taken place
C.have been taken place
D.have taken place
10.(2020 肇源县一模)﹣Where's your sister?
﹣Oh,she the Laoshe Teahouse and .(  )
A.has been to; so Liming is
B.has gone to; so Liming has
C.has gone to; so has Liming
D.has been in; so has Liming
11.(2020 蒙阴县一模)My parents since 15 years ago. They are having a sweet life now. (  )
A.have got married B.got married
C.have been married
12.(2020 常州模拟)You can hardly believe it. Little Mike asleep since we went back from the garden.(  )
A.fell B.has fallen C.was D.has been
13.(2020 灌云县一模)Sarah is only 15 years old, but she _________ the Tennis Club for three years.(  )
A.joined B.has joined
C.has been in D.was
14.(2020 南通模拟)﹣How long Mr Smith ?
﹣For three years.(  )
A.has; died B.has; been dead
C.did; dead D.did; die
15.(2020 无锡一模)﹣﹣Where is your uncle?I haven't seen him for a long time.
﹣﹣He____Shanghai for about half a year. He moved there last October.(  )
A.has gone to B.has been to
C.has arrived in D.has been in
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):现在完成时(15题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 铜仁市模拟)—Where is Mr.Brown?
—He _________ Australia.He _________ there last year.(  )
A.has been to;has been B.has been to;has gone
C.has gone to;went D.has gone to;has been
【考点】现在完成时;一般过去时.
【分析】—布朗先生在哪里?
—他去了澳大利亚。他去年去了那里。
【解答】Where is Mr.Brown?布朗先生在哪里?根据句意,可知答语意思为"他去了澳大利亚",且时态为现在完成时态,其结构为:have/has +过去分词。短语have gone to 的意思是"去了..."。根据时间状语last year,可知答语第二句时态为一般过去时态,动词使用过去式,故用went。
故选:C。
【点评】平时应注重积累常见的现在完成时的标志。
2.(2021 广陵区一模)—Have you been to SuNing Plaza in our city?
—No.Although it ________ for more than a week,I am far too busy to go there.(  )
A.has started B.has opened
C.has been open D.has been on
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】——你去过我们城市的苏宁广场吗?
——没有。虽然已经开了一个多星期了,但我实在是太忙了,没空去。
【解答】根据选项,确定本题的时态为现在完成时态,其结构为:have/has +过去分词;根据关键信息for more than a week"一个多星期",排除AB。因为start 和open是短暂性动词,不能跟一段时间。open 是形容词,表示"开着的",has been open表示"已经开了",答语意思是:虽然苏宁广场已经开了一个多星期了,但我实在是太忙了,没空去,排除D。
故选:C。
【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握关键词,有效提高答题的速度。
3.(2021 房县模拟)﹣﹣﹣Mom,I want to watch In the Name of People on Channel 39 tonight.
﹣﹣﹣Oh,dear,it ________ for a few e on!(  )
A.will begin B.will be on
C.has begun D.has been on
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣妈妈,我想看今晚39频道的《人民的名义》。
﹣噢,天哪,它已经开始了几分钟了。快来吧!
【解答】根据语境及关键信息for a few minutes(表时间段)知,设空处表节目已经开始了几分钟了,因此应用延续性动词be on,且此处是现在完成时态,即has been on符合语境。干扰项C项是非延续性动词,不能与时间段连用。
故选:D。
【点评】解答此题的关键,根据语境及关键信息判断设空处的时态,同时还要分析延续性和非延续性动词的用法区别。
4.(2021 南通一模)﹣Nick,you seem in a low mood.What's wrong?
﹣I a bad cold for three days.(  )
A.had B.caught
C.have had D.have caught
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣尼克,你似乎情绪很低落。怎么了?
﹣我已经患重感冒了三天。
【解答】根据for three days "三天了"可知答语中的动词要用延续性动词,caught的原形是catch,是短暂性动词,排除BD。且答语的时态为现在完成时态,其构成是:have/has+过去分词。句意为:我已经患重感冒了三天。
故选:C。
【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握关键词,确定时态,有效提高答题的速度。
5.(2019 荆州)﹣﹣An unclear picture of a far﹣away black hole scientists around the world these days, as it might solve some of the biggest problems about our universe.
﹣﹣It's unbelievable!(  )
A.is excited B.was excited
C.had excited D.has excited
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣近些天,一个遥远的黑洞的不清晰照片让全世界科学家兴奋不已,因为它可能解决我们宇宙中一些最大的难题。﹣﹣﹣真是难以置信!
【解答】根据题干,时间状语these days,是含现在在内的时间,根据语境,因为它可能解决我们宇宙中一些最大的难题,可知多年未解决的科学难题在这几天得以突破,所以用现在完成时。
故选:D。
【点评】时态类题型的解题根本在于,各时态的含义、结构,标志必须十分清晰;同时掌握各时态的一些特殊的用法以及表达法;学会根据不同的语言环境灵活确定时态,正确选择。
6.(2021 镇江)In the past 40 years,Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan.(  )
A.helped B.is helping C.has helped D.will help
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】在过去的40年里,张桂梅帮助了许多来自云南贫困地区的女孩。
【解答】根据时间状语"in the past 40 years"可知,此句用现在完成时态,其结构为:have/has done。
故选:C。
【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握关键词,确定好时态,选出词汇的正确形式。
7.(2019 淮安)﹣﹣Where are the teachers now?
﹣ In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.(  )
A.have begun B.have been on
C.have had D.have been held
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣﹣老师们现在在哪里?
﹣﹣在会议室里.他们已经开会10分钟了
【解答】根据 for 10 minutes用现在完成时,动词用延续性动词,begin是短暂性动词,排除A选项;be on进行,主语应是the meeting,排除B选项;D选项是被动语态,排除;所以C 选项正确,句意:他们已经开会10分钟了.
故选:C.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答
8.(2021 南平模拟)— When did your uncle leave his hometown?
— He ________ for nearly twenty years.(  )
A.left B.has left
C.has been away
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣﹣你叔叔什么时候离开家乡的?
﹣﹣他离开将近二十年了。
【解答】根据for nearly twenty years可知动词要用延续性动词be away,时态用现在完成时,其构成是have/has +过去分词。
故选:C。
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答。
9.(2021 利津县模拟)Great changes _________ in our hometown in the last few years.(  )
A.took place
B.was taken place
C.have been taken place
D.have taken place
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】在过去的几年里,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化.
【解答】根据句义"在过去的几年里,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化"和时间状语in the last few years可知,要用现在完成时,其构成为have/ has done,take place是不及物的,不能用于被动语态,排除选项C.
故选:D.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
10.(2020 肇源县一模)﹣Where's your sister?
﹣Oh,she the Laoshe Teahouse and .(  )
A.has been to; so Liming is
B.has gone to; so Liming has
C.has gone to; so has Liming
D.has been in; so has Liming
【考点】现在完成时;倒装句.
【分析】﹣﹣你妹妹在哪?﹣﹣噢,她去老舍茶馆了,李明也去了.
【解答】have been to 表示"曾经去过某个地点,现在不在那个地点了";have gone to 表示"已经去某地了,现在不在这里,要么已到某地,要么在路上.";"have been in"表示"在某地多长时间了" "so +助动词+主语"表示"…也一样";"so +主语+助动词"表示"的确如此". 根据问句的意思可知主语现在不在说话地点,已经去老舍茶馆了,因此要选has gone to,可排除A和D. so Liming has的意思是"李明的确如此"与题意不符,所以本题正确答案是C.
故选:C。
【点评】解答本题需掌握所给选项的意思和用法区别,再结合考点作答.
11.(2020 蒙阴县一模)My parents since 15 years ago. They are having a sweet life now. (  )
A.have got married B.got married
C.have been married
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】我父母自从十五年前就结婚了.他们现在过着甜蜜的生活.
【解答】since 15 years ago是现在完成时态常用的时间状语从句,即since+时间点,该时态的结构是主语+have/has done.但该时态与表示一段的时间状语连用时,谓语应用延续性动词,marry表示结婚,短暂性动词,其对应的延续性动词be married,表示状态.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查现在完成时态,基础题,掌握该时态的用法是解题的关键,特别注意延续性动词和短暂性动词的转换,否则易误选A.
12.(2020 常州模拟)You can hardly believe it. Little Mike asleep since we went back from the garden.(  )
A.fell B.has fallen C.was D.has been
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】你简直不敢相信.自从我们从花园回来,小迈克就一直在睡觉.
【解答】since引导的时间状语从句,since从句的谓语动词需用一般过去时,主句谓语动词需用现在完成时态,排除选项A和C,since引导的时间状语从句,表示持续一段时间,所以空处需用持续性动词be asleep的完成时态.
故选:D.
【点评】注意since引导时间状语从句时,主句谓语动词常用现在完成时态,从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时,本题还需结合语境注意使用延续性动词.
13.(2020 灌云县一模)Sarah is only 15 years old, but she _________ the Tennis Club for three years.(  )
A.joined B.has joined
C.has been in D.was
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】莎拉只有15岁,但她加入网球俱乐部已经三年了.
【解答】根据时间状语for three years和句意"但她加入网球俱乐部已经三年了"可知,要用现在完成时,而且join是瞬间动词,在完成时中不能和时间段连用,排除选项ABD.
故选:C.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
14.(2020 南通模拟)﹣How long Mr Smith ?
﹣For three years.(  )
A.has; died B.has; been dead
C.did; dead D.did; die
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】﹣史密斯先生去世多久了?
﹣三年了.
【解答】结合选项看出问句的意思是"史密斯先生去世多久了".问句中的疑问词how long是对一段时间进行提问的,句中的动词应该是延续性的,所以不能用动词die,因为它是结束性动词,要用be加形容词的形式.根据答语for three years可确定问句要用现在完成时.
故选:B.
【点评】结束性动词的现在完成时不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,这一点非常重要.
15.(2020 无锡一模)﹣﹣Where is your uncle?I haven't seen him for a long time.
﹣﹣He____Shanghai for about half a year. He moved there last October.(  )
A.has gone to B.has been to
C.has arrived in D.has been in
【考点】现在完成时.
【分析】你叔叔在哪里?我很久没见他了.
他已经在上海呆了大约半年了. 他去年十月搬到那里.
【解答】本题考查现在完成时的用法.根据句意"他已经在上海呆了大约半年了. 他去年十月搬到那里"和语法可知,要用现在完成时.has gone to到某地去了(还没有回来),has been to去过某地,has arrived in已经到达,has been in在某地;选项ABC都语意不通.
故选:D.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
考点卡片
1.一般过去时
【概念】
(1)时态
时态是动词的一种形式,分为时间和状态.时间即过去、现在、未来.态有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态.它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.
(2)一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,过去主语所具备的能力和性格.
【结构】
(1)主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(动词过去式)+句子其他成分.
He did his homework yesterday.
(2)主系表结构:主语+was/were+其它.
She was a student ten years ago.
There were many flowers 2 days ago.
【用法】
(1)一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,in+过去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of等.
He ____a book yesterday.It ____him 50 yuan.
A.bought,paid B.spent,took
C.paid,spent D.bought,cost
分析:昨天他买了一本书,它花了他50元.
解答:D.根据关键词yesterday可知,本句是一般过去时态,bought,买,是瞬间动词,表示过去的动作;第二个空it做主语,代指a book,所以动词用cost.故选D.
点评:本题考查动词的时态,解决此类问题是根据关键词和标志词来确定动词的形式,在不同的语言环境中达到熟练掌握的目的.

(2)一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格.
Dad,did you ride a bike to school when you _________ a boy?No,my family was poor,so I usually _________ to school on foot.(  )
A.are,go B.were,go C.was,went D.were,went
分析:﹣﹣﹣爸爸,当你是个小孩的时候你骑车去上学吗?
﹣﹣﹣不,我家里穷,所以我经常走路上学.
解答:D.结合句意是表达的过去的事情用一般过去时,主语you,故were,主语I,故went,故答案是D.
点评:一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,例如:yesterday,last night,in+过去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of,the day before yesterday等.
【易混淆点】
一般过去时与现在完成时
(1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响.如:

(2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去时间状语连用.如:
How long____?
Let me see.We ____in 2008,that is,for 7 years.(  )
A.have you been married,have married
B.have you got married,got married
C.did you get married,married
D.have you been married,got married
分析:
﹣﹣﹣﹣你们结婚多久了?
﹣﹣﹣﹣让我想想.我们2008年结婚,也就是,七年了.
解答:D.
how long表示多久,根据句意可知get married动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语you,get married是短暂性动词不能与how long连用,换成be married表示状态,be的过去分词been,故How long have you been married?结合时间状语in 2008是过去的时间,故用一般过去时,get的过去式got,故答案是D.
点评:动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词. 延续性动词可以与以since,for,how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用. 例如:He has lived here for 6 years.How long did you stay there last year?
短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,join,borrow,lend,buy,arrive,reach,start,marry,end等.
2.现在完成时
【概念】
(1)现在完成时:
①过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作.
②表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.
(2)概念点拨:
①影响性:指过去的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果.
②持续性:指从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,还有可能继续延续下去.
【结构】
现在完成时的结构:have / has + 过去分词.
例:
①He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次.
②I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了.
句中的 has seen 和 have known 均为现在完成时,第一句属影响性用法,其影响是"他对电影内容非常熟悉了";第二句属持续性用法,指"认识她"已持续了很长一段时间.
【用法】
(1)影响性用法实例分析:
①. I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了.
根据句意可知,"丢钢笔"这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个在过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响→我现在无钢笔用,或我得去买支新的.
②. We have finished the work. 我们已把工作干完了.
显然"完成工作"这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个在过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响→我们可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做别的事了.
(2)持续性用法实例分析:
①. I've waited a week for your answer. 等你的答复我已等了一个星期.
根据句意可知,"等"这个动作发生在过去,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了一个星期.
②. We have lived here quite a number of years. 我们在这里住了很多年了.
根据句意可知,"住在这儿"是从过去开始的,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了好几年.
【易混淆点】
(1)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
它们的动作都是发生在过去,不同之处在于,说话者是否强调这个影响:①如果强调对现在的影响,就用现在完成时;②如果不强调对现在的影响,而是强调动作发生的过去时间,就用一般过去时.体会下面的句子:
①. I've washed the car. 我已经洗过车了.(车现在是干净的)
②. I washed the car yesterday. 我洗了车子.(强调车子昨天洗的)
第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是洗车对现在的影响→车现在是干净的;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调洗车对现在的影响,只表明车昨天洗过,至于它现在是否干净说话人并不关心.
(2)have been to和have gone to的区别:
①have been to表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿.
②have gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这儿.
例:
Have you ever been to Greece? 你去过希腊吗?
The Smiths have gone to Canada for a holiday. 史密斯全家都到加拿大度假去了.
③与表示次数的once, twice, three times等连用时,只能用have been to,不能用have gone to.
例:She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次.
④have been to除可后接地点表示去过某地外,有时还可以接表示活动的名词,表示去参加过某种活动,或接动词原形(尤其是动词see),表示去做过某事.如:
She's just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来.
He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我生病以来他从未来看过我.
【解题方法点拨】
①根据标志词判断现在完成时.如since,so far,in the last/past five years,over the years,It's the first [second, third…] time that…等.
②根据语境判断现在完成时.看句子表达的意思是否强调现在.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的辨析用法和常用时态,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时五种时态是考查的重点.对于现在完成时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力.因此,学生练题时一定要注意时态细节.
3.倒装句
【概念】
①倒装:
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后.把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装.
②全部倒装:
全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装.
③部分倒装:
只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前.
【用法】
1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装.
如: There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人.
There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众.
2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装.如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了.
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了.
注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装.如:
Here they are. 他们在这儿.
3. 介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie, live, sit, stand, come, go等动词,全句需要全部倒装.如:
Into the hall came three women. 大厅里走进来三位妇女.
In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店.
4. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致.如:
﹣I have finished my homework.
我已经做完作业了.
﹣So has he. 他也做完了.
﹣I haven't seen that film. 我没看过那部电影.
﹣Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有.
5. not only…but also…连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装.如:
Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed.
他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题考查倒装句多考查so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语,以及not only…but also…连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装这两种情况,这是考查的重点.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):主谓一致
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 酒泉一模)Tommy often with his family ________ to the park on weekends.(  )
A.goes B.go C.are going D.went
2.(2021 灵山县校级模拟)Not only Lucy but also I ______ good at dancing.(  )
A.are B.am C.is D.be
3.(2021 沿河县校级模拟)— The number of visitors over 33 million this year.
— Yes.A large number of visitors______ so far because of the natural beauty.(  )
A.is;has come B.is;have come
C.are;has come D.are;have come
4.(2019 甘肃模拟)The number of the people that own cars ____ becoming _____, so parking cars is a big problem.(  )
A.is; larger and larger
B.are; larger and larger
C.are; more and more
D.is; more and more
5.(2021 齐齐哈尔)In the face of the variation (变异) of the virus,not only China but also other countries to take action to fight against the crisis (危机).(  )
A.have B.has C.having
6.(2020 呼和浩特)A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for our health.(  )
A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are
7.(2020 怀化)Journey to the West is interesting. Both my father and my sister ______ the book very much.(  )
A.likes B.like C.dislike
8.(2019 天水)Either the students or the teacher him very well.(  )
A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew
9.(2021 达州模拟)Forty percent of the land covered with grass and about sixty percent of the people here female.(  )
A.is;are B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is
10.(2020 长沙模拟)﹣Are you going to watch the latest movie with Lily and your cousins?
﹣No.Neither my cousins nor Lily ________ going to watch it with me.
A.are B.is C.was
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):主谓一致(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 酒泉一模)Tommy often with his family ________ to the park on weekends.(  )
A.goes B.go C.are going D.went
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】汤米经常在周末和家人一起去公园。
【解答】with表示伴随,动词要和with前面的主语保持一致,Tommy第三人称单数,一般现在时,动词要用第三人称单数。
故选:A。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对主谓一致的掌握。
2.(2021 灵山县校级模拟)Not only Lucy but also I ______ good at dancing.(  )
A.are B.am C.is D.be
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】不仅露西,我也擅长跳舞。
【解答】are复数;am通常与I连用;is单数;be原形。Not only...but also..."不仅......而且......"连接并列主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则,由I可知,填am。
故选:B。
【点评】分析主语单复数变化,结合语境,选择合适答案。
3.(2021 沿河县校级模拟)— The number of visitors over 33 million this year.
— Yes.A large number of visitors______ so far because of the natural beauty.(  )
A.is;has come B.is;have come
C.are;has come D.are;have come
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣今年的游客人数超过了3300万。
﹣﹣﹣是的。因为自然美景,到目前为止已经来了大量的游客。
【解答】the number of意为"...的数量",跟复数名词连用作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,所以选动词is;a number of意为"大量的",修饰复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,因此选have come。
故选:B。
【点评】考查主谓一致,要求学生平时多积累,并结合语境进行答题。
4.(2019 甘肃模拟)The number of the people that own cars ____ becoming _____, so parking cars is a big problem.(  )
A.is; larger and larger
B.are; larger and larger
C.are; more and more
D.is; more and more
【考点】主谓一致;形容词的比较级和最高级.
【分析】拥有私家车的人们的数目正变得越来越多,因此停车是一个大问题.
【解答】the number of + 复数名词+ 单数动词,表示数目的多少要用large和small, 故句中的谓语动词要用单数is.
故选:A.
【点评】根据上下文意思或时间状语,推断出合适的时态,排除错误的答案,然后再比较剩下的选择项,从而做出正确的答案.
5.(2021 齐齐哈尔)In the face of the variation (变异) of the virus,not only China but also other countries to take action to fight against the crisis (危机).(  )
A.have B.has C.having
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】面对病毒的变异,不仅中国,其他国家也必须采取行动应对危机。
【解答】not only ...but also...所表达的意思是"不但…而且…",具体用法有:1、用于连接两个对等的成分;若连接两个成分作主语,其后谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。根据In the face of the variation of the virus,not only China but also other countries __ to take action to fight against the crisis .可知,面对病毒的变异,不仅中国,其他国家也必须采取行动应对危机。but also 后面的countries 是复数名词,所以谓语动词应用have。
故选:A。
【点评】考查主谓一致,做题时要先根据句子结构来确定所需成分,然后根据语法知识来确定单词的具体形式,要注意谓语动词要与主语的数保持一致。
6.(2020 呼和浩特)A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for our health.(  )
A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】一项专家意见的调查显示,每周3小时的户外运动对我们的健康有好处.
【解答】根据题干,可知时态是一般现在时,第一空的主语survey是单数形式,用动词第三人称单数形式shows.第二空的主语exercise此处是指锻炼,是不可数名词,用动词第三人称单数形式is.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉主谓一致的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
7.(2020 怀化)Journey to the West is interesting. Both my father and my sister ______ the book very much.(  )
A.likes B.like C.dislike
【考点】主谓一致;动词词义辨析.
【分析】《西游记》很有趣.我父亲和我妹妹都很喜欢这本书.
【解答】根据Both my father and my sister,可知主语是复数形式,时态是一般现在时,结合Journey to the West is interesting,说明都喜欢.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉主谓一致、动词词义辨析,结合题意,给出答案.
8.(2019 天水)Either the students or the teacher him very well.(  )
A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】不是学生对他非常了解就是那个老师对他非常了解.
【解答】本题考查的是主谓一致的相关知识. 分析:本题时态是一般现在时.either…or…(要么…要么…;或者…或者…)连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,就是说在人称或数上与后面的主语保持一致.本题的谓语动词应该和the teacher保持一致,只有A符合要求.
故选:A.
【点评】解答本题时,要先掌握either…or的用法特点.
9.(2021 达州模拟)Forty percent of the land covered with grass and about sixty percent of the people here female.(  )
A.is;are B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is
【考点】主谓一致.
【分析】40%的土地被草覆盖,这里大约60%的人是女性。
【解答】is单数;are复数。分数作主语,谓语动词单复数取决于名词的单复数。第一个空,根据land不可数名词,用is。第二个空,people集合名词,用are。
故选:A。
【点评】考查系动词,is是单数,are是复数,am通常与I连用,要结合语境,选择合适用法,注意主语的单复数变化。
10.(2020 长沙模拟)﹣Are you going to watch the latest movie with Lily and your cousins?
﹣No.Neither my cousins nor Lily ________ going to watch it with me.
A.are B.is C.was
【考点】主谓一致;系动词.
【分析】﹣﹣你要和莉莉和你的表兄弟们一起看最新的电影吗?
﹣﹣不。我的堂兄弟姐妹和莉莉都不会和我一起看的。
【解答】are是,复数;is是,单数;was是is或am的过去式。be(is\am\are) going to一般将来时的结构。neither;nor连接并列主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则。由Lily单数,可知,用is。
故选:B。
【点评】is是单数,are是复数,am通常与I连用,要结合语境,选择合适用法,注意时态及主语的单复数变化。
考点卡片
1.形容词的比较级和最高级
【概念】
形容词的比较级和最高级:
比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形,是由形容词原级转化而来的,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化,比如good﹣better,bad﹣worse等等.相对二者的比较,还有三者及以上的比较,这时就产生了最高级.在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词前加more或加后缀﹣er.典型的是指形容词所表示的质、量或关系的增加.英语句子中,将比较两个主体的方法叫做"比较句型".其中,像"A比B更…"的表达方式称为比较级.组成句子的方式是将形容词变化成比较级的形态.
【结构】
形容词比较级和最高级规则变化原则.
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加﹣er或﹣est fastlongsmart fasterlongersmarter fastestlongestsmartest
以字母e结尾的形容词,加﹣r或﹣st nicelate nicerlater nicestlatest
重读闭音节,词尾只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写辅音字母,再加﹣er或﹣est bighotthinfat biggerhotterthinnerfatter biggesthottestthinnestfattest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先改"y"为"i",再加﹣er或﹣est easyhappyhealthy easierhappierhealthier easiesthappiesthealthiest
部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或most tiredcarefulbeautifulimportant more tiredmore carefulmore beautifulmore important most tiredmost carefulmost beautifulmost important
不规则变化 many/muchlittleGoodbad/illfarold morelessbetterworsefarther/furtherolder/elder mostleastbestworstfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest

【用法】
一、形容词比较级的用法:
1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为"A…+比较级+than+B".
例:
Li Lei's room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大.
This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃.
注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词.其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词.
例:
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷.
2.表示"两者之间最…一个(of the two)"时,常用"the+比较级"结构.
例:
Mary is the taller of the twins.
Mary是双胞胎中的高个子.
3.表示"越来越…",用比较级重叠结构,即"比较级+and+比较级",多音节词和部分双音节词时用"more and more+形容词原级".
例:
It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和.
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡越来越漂亮了.
4.表示"越…就越…"时,用"the+比较级,the+比较级"结构.
例:
The more we get together,the happier we'll be.
我们越是在一起,就越开心.
二、形容词最高级的用法:
表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个.形容词最高级前要加the,后面通常带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围(of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类;in 表示时间或空间范围).
①在我们班上他最高. Miho is the youngest student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.
②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的.
Mary is the tallest among the three students.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查形容词,形容词等级是考查的重点.对形容词等级的考查主要出现在单项选择题中.
2.系动词
【概念】
系动词:
只称系动词(Linking Verb),是用来辅助主语的动词.它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.
3.动词词义辨析
【概念】
动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语"是什么"、"做什么"或"怎么样"的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度.
【考查内容】
①词形相近的动词间的辨析.如remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung…
例1:Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?
I'm Daniel.(  )
A.remind B.receive C.respect D.remember
分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?
我是Daniel.
解答:答案:A.
remind提醒;receive收到;respect尊重;remember记得.根据Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?I'm Daniel.可知,句意是"对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?"根据下面的回答I'm Daniel.可推测句意是"提醒一下".故选A.
点评:本题考查动词词义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.

②词义相近的动词间的辨析.如took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend;speak/say/talk.
例2:Wow,your sweater is very beautiful!
Thank you.I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.(  )
A.took B.cost C.paid D.spent.
分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我50美元.
解答:答案:B.
It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根据题干I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costs sb+金钱,故选B.
点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.

③意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.如find/find out;take/leave;explain/say…
例3:Can you ____a message?Yes.Please ask Tom to ring me back.(  )
A.give B.take C.leave.
分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话.
解答:答案:B.
句意"你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话."give给,take带,leave离开.take a message带个口信,固定搭配,故选B.
点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的固定搭配.

【解题方法点拨】
①分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.
②根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.
③根据动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.
④分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.
4.主谓一致
【概念】
主谓一致:
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.
①语法一致原则:
指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式.
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生.
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球.
②意义一致:
指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式.
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭.
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了.
③就近一致:
指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语.
例:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.
【用法】
①单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式.
The desk is Tom's.这张桌子是汤姆的.
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里.
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球.
②many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为"许多",但谓语要用单数形式.
Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海.
③more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数.
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京.
④表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个 整体概念,谓语用单数形式.
Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假.
Twenty pounds isn't so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重.
Ten miles isn't a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离.
Five minus four is one.5减4等于1.
⑤主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数.
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作.
⑥one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了.
⑦动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
To see is to believe.眼见为实.
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益.
⑧a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数.
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格.
⑨当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但"名词+as well as+名词"时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致.
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰.
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球.
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
⑩由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数.这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物.
The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了.
(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了.
(作家和老师是两个人)
people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.family,class,group,team等集体名词作 主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式.
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好.
His family isn't large.他家的人不多.
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视.
不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody, everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数.
Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him.他有毛病.
Nobody was in. 没有人在家.
each, either,neither,another,the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数.
Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典.
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确.
以﹣s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等.
No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息.
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎.
由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式.
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果主语是由"a series of, a kind of, a portion of+名词"构成时,动词一般用单数形式. 但a variety of,a number of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式;而the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.
A series of pre﹣recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
The number of the students is over eight houndred
以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
Here are some books and paper for you.
the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式.
The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的.
【解题方法点拨】
①先从语法一致,意义一致,就近一致三个方面审题考查什么.
②再根据各用法具体的知识点考虑一些固定用法.
③下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化.
We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. → They rarely (never,seldom)visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查就近一致,是考查主谓一致的重点.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):状语从句
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 乾安县一模)You are not supposed to enter the teachers' offices __________(  )
A.if you are allowed in.
B.unless you are allowed in.
C.when you are asked to come in.
D.that you have some questions.
2.(2021 东营模拟)﹣How long have you been studying at this school?
﹣I have been studying here______ .(  )
A.since I was thirteen years old
B.when I was thirteen
C.at the age of thirteen
D.after I was thirteen
3.(2020 秦淮区一模)Read the sentence. "I think they're not coming since they haven't replied to the invitation." The underlined word "since" is used to .(  )
A.show time B.show a reason
C.express a result D.give an example
4.(2020 长春一模)﹣Hi,do you know if Tom to my party next week?
﹣I think he will come if he free.(  )
A.will come;will be B.will come;is
C.comes;is D.comes;will be
5.(2021 鼓楼区二模)Here are four sentences describing Nanjing.Which one doesn't show cause and effect?(  )
A.Nanjing has so many places of interest that a lot of people come to visit it every year.
B.Since Nanjing is famous for cultural and natural landscapes,we must keep them that way.
C.As a result of many famous universities and schools,Nanjing has been an education centre.
D.The weather in Nanjing is pleasant in autumn,while it is not so comfortable in other seasons.
6.(2020 铁西区模拟)Please tell Daisy to call me when she______back to Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.(  )
A.comes B.came C.will come D.have come
7.(2019 保康县模拟)﹣﹣﹣﹣I joined in the 2017 Nanjing Marathon (马拉松) race,___I couldn't run as fast as a real athlete(  )
﹣That's really great!You are my hero!
A.though B.until C.unless D.if
8.(2018 大庆)At last, Amy grew ____ tired ____ she fell asleep.(  )
A.as;as B.such; that
C.so; that D.not only; but also
9.(2018 深圳)﹣Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs. Liu?
﹣Yes, she always encouraged us and gave us support___ we met difficulties.(  )
A.whenever B.whatever C.however
10.(2019 杨浦区二模)If you______ a list of things that you have to do, you won't forget to do them.(  )
A.make B.will make C.made D.are making
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):状语从句(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 乾安县一模)You are not supposed to enter the teachers' offices __________(  )
A.if you are allowed in.
B.unless you are allowed in.
C.when you are asked to come in.
D.that you have some questions.
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】除非得到允许,否则你不能进入老师的办公室。
【解答】根据语境及选项,题干是一个状语从句,主句表"不应该进入老师办公室",因此从句含有条件性,且表示"如果不被允许",因此应用unless(如果不)引导此状语从句,符合语境。
故选:B。
【点评】解答此题的关键,分析状语从句的主从句关系,且区分if与unless的用法区别,方能正确作答。
2.(2021 东营模拟)﹣How long have you been studying at this school?
﹣I have been studying here______ .(  )
A.since I was thirteen years old
B.when I was thirteen
C.at the age of thirteen
D.after I was thirteen
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】﹣你在这所学校学习多久了?
﹣我从十三岁起就在这里学习。
【解答】根据语境,设空处应填时间状语或时间状语从句。题干关键信息How long用来提问一段时间,且题干答语的主句中,谓语是现在完成进行时态have been studying,因此这里表动作的持续性,应与表时间段的时间状语从句A项(自从我十三岁起)连用。B项"当我十三岁时",C项"在十三岁时",D项"在我十三岁后";均表过去的时间点,不符合题意和句法结构。
故选:A。
【点评】解答此题的关键,根据语境和题干关键信息词,来判断和选用合适的时间状语(从句)。
3.(2020 秦淮区一模)Read the sentence. "I think they're not coming since they haven't replied to the invitation." The underlined word "since" is used to .(  )
A.show time B.show a reason
C.express a result D.give an example
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】我认为他们不会来的,因为他们还没有对邀请函做出回复.划线的单词since是用来表明原因的.
【解答】根据句子内容可以看出They haven't replied to the imitation是"他们不会来"的原因,所以since是表示原因的,意思是"因为".选项A的意思是"表明时间";B的意思是"表示原因";选项C的意思是"表达结果";选项D的意思是"举出一个例子".
故选:B.
【点评】本题可以从前后句子的意思入手,分析它们之间的关系,从而确定连词的意思,这样就可以做出正确的选择.
4.(2020 长春一模)﹣Hi,do you know if Tom to my party next week?
﹣I think he will come if he free.(  )
A.will come;will be B.will come;is
C.comes;is D.comes;will be
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】嗨,你知道汤姆下周是否会来参加我的聚会吗?
我想如果他有空,他会来的.
【解答】根据句意"你知道汤姆下周是否会来参加我的聚会吗?我想如果他有空,他会来的"和语法可知,前句"你知道汤姆下周是否会来参加我的聚会吗"中宾语从句要用一般将来时,后句"我想如果他有空,他会来的"的宾语从句中主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,主语是第三人称单数,系动词用is.
故选:B.
【点评】考查状语从句,要根据上下文意思,推断出合适的时态,排除错误的答案,然后再比较剩下的选择项,从而做出正确的答案.
5.(2021 鼓楼区二模)Here are four sentences describing Nanjing.Which one doesn't show cause and effect?(  )
A.Nanjing has so many places of interest that a lot of people come to visit it every year.
B.Since Nanjing is famous for cultural and natural landscapes,we must keep them that way.
C.As a result of many famous universities and schools,Nanjing has been an education centre.
D.The weather in Nanjing is pleasant in autumn,while it is not so comfortable in other seasons.
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】以下是描述南京的四句话。哪一个没有因果关系?
A.南京有很多名胜古迹,每年都有很多人来参观。
B.因为南京以文化和自然景观闻名,我们必须保持这种方式。
C.由于有许多著名的大学和学校,南京已经成为一个教育中心。
D.南京的秋天天气宜人,其他季节就不那么舒服了。
【解答】由题干和选项可知,考查状语从句的因果关系,A项上Nanjing has so many places of interest that a lot of people come to visit it every year.分析句子结构可知,是由so...that...引导的原因状语从句;B项Since Nanjing is famous for cultural and natural landscapes,we must keep them that way.由时间状语Since可知,这里作因为讲,英语中因为和所以不会在同一个句子出现,是因果关系;C项As a result of many famous universities and schools,Nanjing has been an education centre.中由固定搭配as a result of sth.由于……,作为……的结果,也是引导因果关系的时间状语,属因果关系;D项The weather in Nanjing is pleasant in autumn,while it is not so comfortable in other seasons.中的while,意为但是,表转折,不是因果关系。所以不正确。
故选:D。
【点评】考查状语从句,要求考生对于状语有概念并熟悉其相关从句及引导词,最后根据答句来确定最终答案。
6.(2020 铁西区模拟)Please tell Daisy to call me when she______back to Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.(  )
A.comes B.came C.will come D.have come
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】请告诉黛西明天下午回上海时给我打电话
【解答】根据意思:请告诉黛西明天下午回上海时给我打电话.when引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时态,主语是单数第三人称,故用comes.
故选:A.
【点评】此题考查状语从句,在熟知状语从句法的基础上,结合具体题目,仔细分析,便可得出正确答案.
7.(2019 保康县模拟)﹣﹣﹣﹣I joined in the 2017 Nanjing Marathon (马拉松) race,___I couldn't run as fast as a real athlete(  )
﹣That's really great!You are my hero!
A.though B.until C.unless D.if
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】我参加了2017年南京马拉松比赛,虽然我不能跑得像一个真正的运动员一样快.太棒了!你是我的英雄!
【解答】分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是我参加了2017年南京马拉松比赛,虽然我不能跑得像一个真正的运动员一样快.太棒了!你是我的英雄!前后是一种让步转折关系.A尽管,B直到,C除非,D如果.
故选:A.
【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,正确区分选项的细微差别,本题考查though在具体语境中的辨别,要注意与but的区别.
8.(2018 大庆)At last, Amy grew ____ tired ____ she fell asleep.(  )
A.as;as B.such; that
C.so; that D.not only; but also
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】最后,艾米是如此累以至于睡着了.
【解答】选项A:像……一样 ,such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that…,so+形容词或副词+that……是固定句型,选项D:不仅……而且,结合句意:最后,艾米变得很累,她睡着了.结合题干应该是so+形容词或副词+that…….
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查的是条件状语从句,理解句意并掌握从句的用法是解答本题的关键.
9.(2018 深圳)﹣Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs. Liu?
﹣Yes, she always encouraged us and gave us support___ we met difficulties.(  )
A.whenever B.whatever C.however
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】﹣你还记得我们小学老师刘老师吗?
﹣记得,每当我们遇到困难时,她总是鼓励我们,给予我们支持.
【解答】A选项whenever表示"任何时候"; B选项whatever表示"无论什么"; C选项however表示"无论怎样".本题指的是"我们无论任何时候遇到困难,她总会鼓励支持我们",表示任何时候用whenever.
故选:A.
【点评】此题考查状语从句,在熟知所给每个形容词意思的基础之上,结合句子结构和意思,仔细分析,便可以得出正确答案.
10.(2019 杨浦区二模)If you______ a list of things that you have to do, you won't forget to do them.(  )
A.make B.will make C.made D.are making
【考点】状语从句.
【分析】如果你列一个你必须要做的事情清单,你将不会忘记做它们.
【解答】本句是if引导的条件状语从句,通常遵循"主将从现"的原则,即当主句是一般将来时的时候,从句应用一般现在时.该句符合该原则,则if从句应用一般现在时,其结构是主语+动词原形.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查状语从句,基础题,掌握if条件状语从句的用法,再根据题干即可作出选择.
考点卡片
1.状语从句
【概念】
状语从句:
在主从复合句中,用作状语的句子,叫状语从句.状语从句是起副词作用的句子,它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.状语从句一般由从属连词引导,也可以由词组引导.从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.
【状语从句的分类】
状语从句根据其作用一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词.现分别列举如下:
(1)时间状语从句
①常用引导词:when(在…时),as(当…时),while(在…期间),as soon as(一…就…),before(在…之前),after(在…之后),since(自从…以来),not…until(直到…才)until/till(直到…时)等.例如:
While Matt was watching TV,his wife was cooking.
当马特看电视时,他的妻子正在做饭.
I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework yesterday.
昨天直到我完成作业,我才睡觉.
②特殊引导词:the minute,the moment,the second,every time,the day,the instant(瞬间,顷刻),immediately,directly(不久,立即),no sooner …than(一…就…),hardly …when(刚一…就…),scarcely …when(刚…就…/一…就…).例如:
They ran away from the garden,the moment they saw the guard.
他们一看到守卫就逃出了花园.
Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.
每当我听取你的建议时,我就会惹上麻烦.
③当用no sooner …than,hardly …when,scarcely …when作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装.例如:
No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.
还没等我们到家就开始下雨了.
(2)地点状语从句
①常用引导词:where.例如:
We should have put the bike where we found it.
我们应该把书放回原来的地方.
Air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
有工厂的地方空气污染就严重.
②特殊引导词:wherever,anywhere,everywhere.例如:
Wherever you go,you should work hard.
无论你去哪里,你都应该努力工作.
(3)原因状语从句
①常用引导词:because,since,as.例如:
My friends and I didn't go swimming because it was rainy.
我的朋友和我没有去游泳,因为天下雨.
Since we live near the sea,we enjoy nice weather.
由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气.
②特殊引导词:seeing that,now that,in that,considering that,given that.例如:
Now that everybody has come,let's begin our conference.
既然每个人都到了,让我们开始我们的会议吧.
(4)目的状语从句
①常用引导词:so that,in order that.例如:
Finish this so that you can start another.
把这个做完,你可以开始另一个.
The students all hurried up in order that they could catch the early bus.
学生们都很匆忙为了赶上早班车.
②特殊引导词:in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that.例如:
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞,以防下雨.
(5)结果状语从句
①常用引导词:so …that,such …that,例如:
He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.
他气得说不出话了.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
这是一个好机会,千万不能错过它.
②特殊引导词:such that,to the degree that,to the extent that,to such a degree that,例如:
She was worried to such a degree that she could not sleep.
她担心得睡不着.
(6)条件状语从句
①常用引导词:if,unless,whether (whether…or not) 例如:
You'll have a good time,if you come to the party.
你将玩得很开心,如果你来这个聚会.
We will hold our sports meeting unless it rains.
我们将要举行运动会,除非下雨.
②特殊引导词:as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case(美语中表条件,英语中表目的),on condition that 例如:
As long as I am alive,I will go on studying.
只要我活着,我就要学习.
(7)让步状语从句
①常用引导词:though,although,even if,even though 例如:
He can do many things although he is very young.
尽管他很年轻,他能做很多事情.
The children always enjoy swimming even though the weather is bad.
孩子们都很喜欢游泳,即使天气很不好.
②特殊引导词:as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while (一般用在句首 ),no matter…,in spite of the fact that,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever 例如:
No matter how hard he tried,she could not change her mind.
不论他如何努力,她都不会改变她的主意.
He won't listen whatever you may say.
他不会听你说什么.
(8)比较状语从句
①常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较) 例如:
My younger brother is taller than me.
我的弟弟比我高.
The house is as big as ours.
这房子和我们的一样大.
②特殊引导词:the more …the more …; no …more than; 例如:
The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.
你运动的越多,你就越健康.
(9)方式状语从句
①常用引导词:as,as if,how 例如:
When in Rome,do as the Romans do.
入国问禁,入乡随俗.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
她表现得好像她是老板.
②特殊引导词:the way 例如:
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
有时,我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子.
【解题方法点拨】
①正确运用引导状语从句的连词;
②在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,要注意"主将从现";
③有because引导的原因状语从句,不能出现并列连词so;有although/though引导的原因状语从句,不能出现并列连词but.
④能够辨析as,when,while等引导时间状语从句
⑤能全面掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略等;
⑥比较熟练地掌握状语从句与其它从句、句型混合使用.例如:
1.If it sunny tomorrow,I fishing in South Lake.
A.is,go B.will be,go C.is,will go D.will be,will go
答案:C
解析:在含有时间、条件和让步状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句使用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时.故选C.
2.﹣﹣﹣Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him?
﹣﹣﹣Sure.I will let him know as soon as he back.
A.comes B.came C.has come D.will come
答案:A
解析:在含有时间、条件和让步状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句使用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时.故选A.
3.You'd better check the train schedule _______ we have to take a train to Chengdu.
A.even if B.as if C.in case D.if only
答案:C
解析:A.even if 尽管;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in case以防;以免D.if only如果…..就好了 结合句意:你最好检查一下火车时刻表,以防我们不得不乘火车去成都.故选C.
4.________ life may have in store for you,each of you has a grand,lifelong project,and that is the development of yourself as a human being.
A.However B.Wherever C.Whenever D.Whatever
答案:D
解析:However引导状语从句其后必须有形容词或副词;wherever和whenever只能在从中做状语,而根据句意和结构此处应该缺少定语,whatever在引导状语从句时,既可以做定语,又可以做主语和宾语.故选D.
5.He didn't tell his wife about buying a new car for her ________ he could give her a big surprise on her birthday.
A.so that B.even though C.as if D.in case答案:A
解析:so that表示目的;even though表示让步;as if表示方式;in case表示条件.根据句意:他没告诉妻子给她买车是为了过生日时给她一个大惊喜.故选A.
6.______American people and British people speak the same language,their cultures are quite different.(  )
A.Since B.If C.Although D.Because所有
答案:C
解析:根据句意American people and British people speak the same language和their cultures are quite different.可知二者是转折关系,Although引导让步状语从句,意为虽然,尽管;故选C.
7.We students are so busy with our homework that we have no time for outdoor exercise,______ we have the desire.
A.wherever B.whenever C.even if D.as if
答案:C
解析:状语从句题需翻译主从句句意,然后选择恰当的连词.根据句意"我们学生是如此的忙于作业以至于没有时间做户外运动,即使我们有这个愿望."故选C.
【中考命题方向】
状语从句是中考的必考内容,也是中考的重点之一.
①重点考查引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词;
②较多地考查熟练运用让步状语从句和原因状语从句;
③辨析as,when,while等引导时间状语从句;
④考查状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略等;
⑤考查状语从句与其它从句、句型混合使用.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):定语从句
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2020 肇源县一模)The handsome man at the next door is very strange.( )
A.which stands B.that stand
C.who is standing D.who stand
2.(2020 连云港一模)That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes.( )
A.that used to wash
B.which was used to washing
C.which got used to washing
D.that was used to wash
3.(2021 重庆模拟)I don't know the hero _____ they are talking about, but I do know the city ______ he saved a lot of people.( )
A.who; where B.which; where
C.who; which D.that; which
4.(2020 鄂城区模拟)I'm interested in you have said.( )
A.all what B.all which C.all that D.that
5.(2019 秦淮区一模)Which of the following sentences has a relative clause?( )
A.Some people believe that colors can influence our moods.
B.He studied so hard that he made great progress in the exam.
C.Tan Dun showed an interest in music when he was very young.
D.Anyone who can provide useful information should contact the police.
6.(2021 毕节市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything _________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
7.(2019秋 吉林期末)I like music ________.( )
A.that I can dance to it
B.that have great lyrics
C.which I can sing along with
D.I can sing along with it
8.(2021秋 玄武区期末)Which of the following sentences has a defining relative clause?( )
A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
B.I don't know who is playing the piano next door.
C.Don't miss the programme if you like classical music.
D.Lucy is such a lovely girl that everyone in her class loves her.
9.(2020秋 铁锋区期末)﹣﹣Dr. Zhong Nanshan is a national superhero .
﹣﹣I want to be a person like him in the future.( )
A.that should we respect
B.which should we respect
C.whom we should respect
10.(2021秋 惠山区校级期中)﹣﹣﹣The young man who entered our company last month has made some mistakes.
﹣﹣﹣Well.______.( )
A.He that climbs high falls heavily
B.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing
C.He who laughs last laughs best
D.He that will not work shall not eat
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):定语从句(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2020 肇源县一模)The handsome man at the next door is very strange.( )
A.which stands B.that stand
C.who is standing D.who stand
【考点】定语从句;现在进行时.
【分析】那个正站在隔壁的漂亮男子非常奇怪.
【解答】题干包括一个定语从句,先行词是man. which 引导定语从句时只能指物,因此可排除A. 选项B和D中的that 和who 都可指人,但动词stand不能用原形动词,因此本题正确答案是C(who is standing 现行进行时).
故选:C.
【点评】解答本题要首先分析句子结构,找到考点,再结合所给选项作答.
2.(2020 连云港一模)That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes.( )
A.that used to wash
B.which was used to washing
C.which got used to washing
D.that was used to wash
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】那是他的第一项发明.它是一台用来洗衣服的机器.
【解答】观察句子发现,machine后边的内容是定语从句来修饰这个词.这个定语从句的连接词that指的是先行词machine,它在从句当中做主语.而从句的谓语动词是be used to do sth这个结构,意思是"某物被用来做某事".
故选:D.
【点评】看懂句意.理清句子结构.知道定语从句的用法,能正确解答本题.
3.(2021 重庆模拟)I don't know the hero _____ they are talking about, but I do know the city ______ he saved a lot of people.( )
A.who; where B.which; where
C.who; which D.that; which
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄,但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。
【解答】结合语境,第一句,要表达的是"我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄",先行词是hero,英雄,所以关系词用who.第二句,要表达的是"但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。",先行词是city,结合语境, 可知要用关系副词where.
故选:A。
【点评】结合题干,确定好先行词,然后确定相关的关系词,关系代词或者关系副词,即可选出正确答案。
4.(2020 鄂城区模拟)I'm interested in you have said.( )
A.all what B.all which C.all that D.that
【考点】定语从句;关系代词.
【分析】我对你说的所有都很感兴趣.
【解答】该句是定语从句,先行词是all,表示物,且定语从句中you have said缺宾语,则应用关系代词that或者which.但all是不定代词,只能用that.
故选:C.
【点评】本题要求学生掌握定语从句的用法,再根据先行词及定语从句即可作出选择.
5.(2019 秦淮区一模)Which of the following sentences has a relative clause?( )
A.Some people believe that colors can influence our moods.
B.He studied so hard that he made great progress in the exam.
C.Tan Dun showed an interest in music when he was very young.
D.Anyone who can provide useful information should contact the police.
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】下列哪个句子有定语从句?
【解答】根据选项,选项A中,that引导宾语从句,选项B中so…that引导结果状语从句,选项C中when引导时间状语从句,选项D中who引导定语从句.
故选:D.
【点评】考查定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
6.(2021 毕节市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything _________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是everything,关系代词只能用that。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
7.(2019秋 吉林期末)I like music ________.( )
A.that I can dance to it
B.that have great lyrics
C.which I can sing along with
D.I can sing along with it
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐.
【解答】that I can dance to it是that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做介词to的宾语,可知to后的it是多余的,因此A项错误,故排除;that have great lyrics that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做定语从句的主语,由于先行词music是单数,所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数has,故B项是错误的;I can sing along with it是that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做介词to的宾语,可知to后的it是多余的,因此D项错误,故排除;which I can sing along with是which引导的定语从句,which做介词with的宾语.
故选:C。
【点评】在定语从句中,要注意关系代词在句中的成分.
8.(2021秋 玄武区期末)Which of the following sentences has a defining relative clause?( )
A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
B.I don't know who is playing the piano next door.
C.Don't miss the programme if you like classical music.
D.Lucy is such a lovely girl that everyone in her class loves her.
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】下列哪个句子有一个限定关系从句?
【解答】A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。B.I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁在隔壁弹钢琴。C.Don't miss the programme if you like classical music.如果你喜欢古典音乐,不要错过这个节目。D.Lucy is such a lovely girl that everyone in her class loves her.露西是一个非常可爱的女孩,她班上的每个人都喜欢她。可知选项B中有who引导的宾语从句;选项C中有if引导条件状语从句;选项D中有that引导的结果状语从句。只有选项A中有that引导的定语从句。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
9.(2020秋 铁锋区期末)﹣﹣Dr. Zhong Nanshan is a national superhero .
﹣﹣I want to be a person like him in the future.( )
A.that should we respect
B.which should we respect
C.whom we should respect
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】﹣钟南山博士是我们应该尊敬的民族英雄。
﹣我将来想成为像他那样的人。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句。先行词是superhero,指人,作宾语,关系代词用who/whom/that.排除B;定语从句用陈述语序,排除A.
故选:C。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
10.(2021秋 惠山区校级期中)﹣﹣﹣The young man who entered our company last month has made some mistakes.
﹣﹣﹣Well.______.( )
A.He that climbs high falls heavily
B.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing
C.He who laughs last laughs best
D.He that will not work shall not eat
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣上个月进入我们公司的那个年轻人犯了一些错误。
﹣﹣﹣嗯。不犯错误的人一事无成。
【解答】A爬得高的人摔得重,B不犯错误的人一事无成,C笑到最后的人笑得最好,C不工作的人不得吃饭,根据语境:上个月进入我们公司的那个年轻人犯了一些错误。可以推测后面说的是犯错误的事。
故选:B。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对定语从句的掌握。
考点卡片
1.关系代词
【概念】
关系代词:
定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词,通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词,把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词.
【结构及分类】
关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分.that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物.见表:
限定性指人 非限定性指物 限定性指物
主 格 who/that which that
宾 格 whom/that which that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

【用法】
①关系代词who
who表示"……的(人)",在定语从句中作主语,不能省略,所引导的定语从句一般修饰指人的名词或代词,在口语或非正式语言中,可作定语从句中的宾语,相当于whom,可省略.
例:I know the lady ____ is singing over there.She is our Chinese teacher.( )
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
分析:我认识正在那边唱歌的女士,她是我们的汉语老师.
解答:B.
分析句子得知,句子的主干是I know the lady,后文is singing over there是一个定语从句,来修饰先行词the lady,在定语从句中作主语,由于先行词the lady,表示人,故可以用关系词that或who,结合选项,故选B.
点评:解答此类试题时,要充分理解上下文的语境,结合所给词,进行解答.
②关系代词whom
whom表示"……的(人)",在定语从句中作宾语,所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代词,常省略.
例:Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
﹣He is a great astronaut of ________ all the Chinese are proud.( )
A.that B.whose C.who D.whom
分析:﹣﹣请告诉我有关杨利伟的有关事情?
﹣﹣他是一个伟大的全中国人都引以为豪的宇航员.
解答:D.
that意思是"那个",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose意思是"谁的",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作定语;who意思是"谁",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语;whom意思是"谁",在定语从句中作宾语.根据空格前面是介词of,因此可知在定语从句中含有一个固定结构be proud of,这时候需要一个可以作of宾语的词,这时把of提前,先行词是astronaut,是表示人的名词,所以还是要用whom来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选D.
点评:首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
③关系代词that
that表示"……的(事物)",所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词,通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.
例:I hate the dogs _____ live in the next house.They make loud noises all night.( )
A.who B.that C.what D.whom
分析:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音.
解答:B.
who意思是"谁"指人,在定语从句中作主语;that意思是"那个",指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what意思是"什么",不能引导定语从句;whom意思是"谁"指人,在定语从句中作宾语,根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词,综上所述,故选B.
点评:首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
例:Ode to Joy(欢乐颂)is a TV play ______ many people like.( )
A.why B.that C.who
分析:《欢乐颂》是一部许多人喜欢的电视剧.
解答:B.
who意思是"谁"引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,先行词通常是人;that意思是"那个",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语,所修饰的先行词通常是物;关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语.根据"a TV play"一部电视剧,这是一个表示物的先行词,所以要用that来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选B.
点评:首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
④关系代词which
which表示"……的(事物)",所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词,其中which通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.
例:My hometown is the place______holds all my sweet memories.( )
A.who B.which C.what
分析:家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.
解答:B.
首先根据语境推测句意是"家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.",分析句子结构,本句中的"___holds all my sweet memories"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词 place为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选B.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
⑤关系代词whose
whose表示"那个(那些)人的、它(它们)的"时,所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名词,其中whose在从句中作定语,修饰名词.
例:﹣Who won the first prize in English speech contest?
﹣﹣The prize went to the girl _____ speech was the most natural and fluent.( )
A.that B.who C.whose D.不填
分析:﹣﹣在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名?
一等奖属于那个演讲最自然最流利的女孩.
解答: C.
首先分析句子结构,本句中的"_____ speech was the most natural and fluent"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词是 the girl指人,且在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句,指谁的,表所属关系.故选C.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分,就可以做出正确选择.
【易混淆点】
(1)that和which都指事物时,一般可以通用.但在下列情况下多用that,不用which:
①先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,little,few,none,the one等时.例:
Say all (that) you know. 把你知道的全部讲出来.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 现在我能为你做点儿什么吗?
I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个.
②先行词为序数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时.如:
This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里以来看的第一部电影.
The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园.
③先行词被形容词的最高级或the very,the only等修饰时.如:
This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten. 这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个.
She is the very thief (that) the police are looking for. 她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷.
Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友.
④先行词中既有人又有物时.如:
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象.
⑤先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时.如:
This is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的字典.
Don't cheat me. I'm no longer the little boy that I was ten years ago. 别骗我了,我再也不是十年前的那个小男孩了.
(2)在下列情况下用which,而不用that:
①关系代词前有介词时. 如:
This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子.
②先行词本身是that时.如:
What was that which he said? 3他说了些什么?
③在以who,which开头的句子中多用that.
【解题方法点拨】
①结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分确定使用哪个关系代词.如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词,如果缺少状语则用关系副词.
②先行词本身是that时,避免重复用which,而不用that.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查关系代词的用法,即关系代词who、whom、that、whose、which的用法及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.
2.现在进行时
【概念】
(1)现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行或正在发生的动作或状态;也表示当前一段时间内一直从事的动作.
(2)概念点拨
现在:动作发生的时间是"现在".
进行性:动作目前的状态是"正在进行中".
持续性:当前一段时间内持续进行的动作.
【结构】
(1)现在进行时的构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式.
①第一人称+am+doing+sth,I am doing my homework.
②第二人称+are+doing +sth,We are waiting for you.
③第三人称+is+doing+sth,Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(2)现在分词变化规则:
①直接+ ing.
②去e+ing.
③重读闭音节,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing.
④特殊变化:die﹣dying,lie﹣lying,tie﹣tying.
⑤不规则变化.
【用法】
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事.
例:Look! The student in front you ______ with her friends happily.( )
A. is talking B. are talking C. is talk D. are talk
分析:看,你前面的学生正跟她的朋友开心地聊天.
解答:A,由Look!一词可知此处应该使用现在进行时态,又主语为 The student 为单数,因此be动词用is.故选A.
点评:熟练掌握现在进行时态与主语单复数是答题要领.
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事.
例:Joan can't join us.She for the lesson she will have next week.
A. prepares B. will prepare C. is preparing D. prepared
分析:琼不能加入我们,她正在准备下周要上的课.
解答:C.
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,其构成是:am/is/are+现在分词.根据"Joan can't join us."琼不能加入我们,结合给出的四个选项,因此可知这句话的意思是"琼不能加入我们,她正在准备下周要上的课."故选C.
点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
(3)表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始/结束的动作.常用的这类的词有:go,leave,come,arrive,land,meet,move,return,start,stay,stop,do,dine,give,have,pay,join,punish,spend,sleep,take,change,fly,work,wear,see,lunch,play等.
例:﹣Jack,I'm worried.You don't know the way.
﹣Don't worry,mum.Mr.Green ________ me at the airport.( )
A. met B. was meeting C. is meeting D. has met
分析:﹣﹣杰克,我很担心,你不知道路.
﹣﹣别担心,妈妈.格林先生在机场接我.
解答:C.
根据Mr.Green ________ me at the airport.可知一些"位移动词"的现在进行时可以表将来的动作.常见的有leave,go,come等,这里句子说的是现在的情况,应该用现在进行时,现在进行时的构成be+Ving.选项B是过去进行时.故选C.
点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
(4)动作动词的进行时与always,forever,continually,constantly等连用,表示重复的动作,这种动作可能使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理,有时表示赞赏、满意.
例:
Tom is always coming late for class.汤姆上课总是迟到.
He's constantly changing his mind.他老是改变主意.
The man is always boasting.那人老爱吹牛.
The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步.
【易混淆点】
现在进行时与一般现在时:
(1)这两个时态都与现在有关,现在进行时指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正在进行的动作,强调暂时性、不稳定性.而一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,强调长期性、稳定性.
She is going to school now.(现在此刻正在发生的动作)
She usually goes to school at seven o'clock.(经常性、习惯性动作)
(2)现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式.
【解题方法点拨】
①根据时间状语确定时态,如:now,at the moment.
②根据关键词判断时态,如:look, listen.
③根据语境判断句子时态.
【中考命题方向】
对于现在进行时的考查,多以单选、句型转换、语法填空或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力.在考试中,现在分词的构成是易错的地方,也是考试的重点部分.在平时训练中应该应注重现在分词构成的细节问题.
3.定语从句
【概念】
(1)定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种,初中只要求掌握限定性定语从句.
(2)先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.
(3)关联词
引导定语从句的词被称为关联词.关联词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词.
(4)关系代词和关系副词
①关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
②常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as等.这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等.关系代词在定语从句中起到代替先行词、充当句子成分、连接先行词与定语从句的作用.
③常见的关系副词有where,when,why,that等.这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
(5)限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度,可以将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.
【关系代词和关系副词的功能】
(1)关系代词的功能:关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等.
①作主语.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如:
例:﹣I really want to relax myself.Could we see City Danger tonight?
﹣Sure!The actor _______ a hero used to be a schoolteacher.I like him very much.( )
A.who play B.which plays
C.who plays D.that play
分析:﹣﹣我真的想放松一下自己,今晚我们可以去看《危险城市》吗?
﹣﹣当然,那个扮演英雄的人过去是一名老师,我非常喜欢他.
解答:C.首先分析句子结构,本句中的"_______ a hero"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词the actor 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who,另外定语从句的谓语动词由先行词决定,先行词the actor是单数名词,且从句表述的是一般性的事实,所以用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,所以选C.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
②作宾语.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略.例如:
He is the man (that) I met at the meeting last weekend.
The book (which) my teacher gave me is called"Gone With the Wind".
③作定语.关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语.例如:
The boy whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
What's the name of the man whose brother is a director?
(2)关系副词的功能:关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
作状语.做地点状语用where,做时间状语用when.例如:
This is the house where my father was born.
I'll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
【用法】
(1)关系代词的具体用法.
①who 指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如:
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以用who代替,也可以省略.例如:
Do you know the young man who/whom we met at the library?
This is the policeman who/whom they were talking about yesterday.
③whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如:
I like the boy whose mother is an actor.
I know the girl whose brother won the first prize.
④which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
The computer game which he is playing is his favorite.
⑤that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如:
Did you find the notebook (that) Jim had given me for my birthday?
I've read the newspaper that carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
(2)关系副词的具体用法
①when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
②where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
【易混淆点】
(1)只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
①先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时.例如:
All that he said is right.
②先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如:
This is the only one of these books that is worth reading.
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如:
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
④先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.
This is the best movie (that) I have seen this year.
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如:
They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
(2)只能用which,不用that 的情况:
①在非限制性定语从中.例如:
The flight was put off,which was not good news.
②定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如:
The thing about which he has told us is of great importance.
(3)关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
【解题方法点拨】
(1)分析先行词:先行词分为人,物,人和物,无先行词四种情况.
①人作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有:who(主宾表),whom(宾表),whose(定),that(主宾表).
②物作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有:that(主宾表),which(主宾表),whose(定),when(状),why(状),where(状).
③人和物共同做先行词时,关系词只能用that.
④无先行词,即指代一个句子时,关系词可用的有as,which.
(2)分析从句成分
分析从句成分是解决定语从句试题的最为重要的一个步骤.分析从句成分时以动词为中心,动作发出者为主语,动词承受者为宾语,连系动词之后为表语.句子是否有主语,直接看动词之前有没有动作的发出者,动词有没有宾语,一方面要考虑动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不需要宾语,及物动词必须跟宾语.分析成分之后,我们遵循"缺啥补啥"的原则.
(3)考虑特殊情况
1.只用that的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing…
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰,
③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰.
2.只用which而不用 that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句,
②代表整个主句的意思,
③介词+关系代词.
【中考命题方向】
定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目,同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点.综观近年来各地的中考英语试题,定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面:一是考查指物的关系代词的用法,二是考查指人的关系代词的用法.另外,它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面,但相对考得比较少.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):短语
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2020 珠海模拟)Now more and more man﹣made satellites are _____ by humans.( )
A.sent for B.send up C.sent up D.sent into
2.(2020 徐州模拟)You'll make progress_____you study hard.( )
A.as soon as B.as long as
C.as fast as D.as short as
3.(2020 镇康县模拟)﹣﹣I don't have _______ rules at home, what about you?
﹣﹣I don't, ______.( )
A.much too; too B.too much; either
C.many too; too D.too many; either
4.(2019 响水县校级模拟)﹣You can see my dreams will ________ one day. ﹣ Er! Let's wait.( )
A.come out B.come on C.come true D.come in
5.(2021 泰兴市模拟)﹣What will you do if someone is ___________?
﹣I won't touch him or ___________ him.
A.in your way; push past
B.on their way; bump into
C.about their way; cut in on
D.by their way; push in
6.(2022 顺城区模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Mom always comes home by 7:00 p.m. ,she will come back as soon as the meeting is over at 6:30.
﹣﹣﹣ I hope so.( )
A.Without doubt B.Once in a while
C.In total D.All of a sudden
7.(2022 顺城区模拟)﹣ What do you think of your Chinese teacher?
﹣ Well,we are afraid of her,but we really like her very much.( )
A.for the first time B.at the same time
C.at that time D.from time to time
8.(2021 黔西南州模拟)My mother cooks so well that I have 6 pounds.( )
A.put up B.put out C.put on D.put down
9.(2021 望花区二模)I just want to my brain and think about nothing.( )
A.shut off B.put off C.set off D.give off
10.(2021 连云港一模)My father is crazy about DIY.He's trying to ________ a cupboard in the kitchen.( )
A.put up B.put in C.put on D.put away
11.(2021 惠山区一模)A medical team,________ five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses,was sent to the earthquake﹣stricken area in Turkey.
A.made up of B.made of C.made from D.made by
12.(2021 金坛区一模)—Have you made a plan to raise money to protect the animals in danger?
—Yes.Now we are thinking about how to ________.( )
A.pick it out B.carry it out
C.find it out D.put it out
13.(2021 绥中县一模)Please ____________ the rubbish and put it into the proper rubbish bin.
A.make up B.pick up C.look up D.grow up
14.(2021 新吴区二模)A Little Dilemma (《小舍得》) gives most parents a lesson.There is no need to push the kids too hard. ,parents will be sad to see them stressed out.( )
A.In all B.Above all
C.First of all D.After all
15.(2021 硚口区模拟)A letter written by Albert Einstein was sold for more than 1.2 million dollars on May 18.At first,five people took up the bid(出价).But when the price rose to 700,0 000 dollars,three of them ________.
A.put out B.took out
C.gave out D.dropped out
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):短语(15题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2020 珠海模拟)Now more and more man﹣made satellites are _____ by humans.( )
A.sent for B.send up C.sent up D.sent into
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】略
【解答】C send into为固定短语,表示"把……送入";send up表示"把……送往另一地方".因主语satellites与谓语动词存在被动关系.故选C.
【点评】略
2.(2020 徐州模拟)You'll make progress_____you study hard.( )
A.as soon as B.as long as
C.as fast as D.as short as
【考点】介词短语.
【分析】只要努力学习,你就能取得进步。
【解答】考查介词短语辨析。as soon as意为"一…就…",as long as意为"只要…就…",as fast as意为"和…一样快",as short as意为"和…一样短"。句意:只要努力学习,你就能取得进步。
故选:B。
【点评】通读句子,理解句意,在理解句意的基础上选择合适的短语。as soon as意为"一…就…",as long as意为"只要…就…",as fast as意为"和…一样快",as short as意为"和…一样短"。
3.(2020 镇康县模拟)﹣﹣I don't have _______ rules at home, what about you?
﹣﹣I don't, ______.( )
A.much too; too B.too much; either
C.many too; too D.too many; either
【考点】形容词短语;副词的词义辨析.
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
4.(2019 响水县校级模拟)﹣You can see my dreams will ________ one day. ﹣ Er! Let's wait.( )
A.come out B.come on C.come true D.come in
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
5.(2021 泰兴市模拟)﹣What will you do if someone is ___________?
﹣I won't touch him or ___________ him.
A.in your way; push past
B.on their way; bump into
C.about their way; cut in on
D.by their way; push in
【考点】介词短语;动词短语.
【分析】﹣如果有人挡住你的路,你会怎么做?
﹣我不会碰他,也不会推开他。
【解答】in your way"挡着你的路";on their way"在他们去…的路上";by their way"通过他们的方式";第一个空,根据题意"如果有人挡住你的路,你会怎么做?"可知in your way 符合题意。push past"从…身边挤过去;推开", bump into"无意中遇到,碰到",push in"推进,闯入",cut in on"打断",第二个空,根据题意"我不会碰他,也不会推开他"可知push past符合要求。
故选:A。
【点评】本题考查介词短语以及动词短语,掌握短语的意思是做题的关键。
6.(2022 顺城区模拟)﹣﹣﹣ Mom always comes home by 7:00 p.m. ,she will come back as soon as the meeting is over at 6:30.
﹣﹣﹣ I hope so.( )
A.Without doubt B.Once in a while
C.In total D.All of a sudden
【考点】介词短语.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣妈妈总是在晚上7点前回家。无可置疑,6点半会议一结束她就会回来。
﹣﹣﹣但愿如此。
【解答】without doubt无可置疑地;once in a while偶尔;in total总计;all of a sudden突然地;根据"Mom always comes home by 7:00 p.m."妈妈总是在晚上7点前回家,可知无可置疑,6点半会议一结束她就会回来,因此选A项符合题意。
故选:A。
【点评】正确辨析各介词短语的含义,结合题干句意选择作答。
7.(2022 顺城区模拟)﹣ What do you think of your Chinese teacher?
﹣ Well,we are afraid of her,but we really like her very much.( )
A.for the first time B.at the same time
C.at that time D.from time to time
【考点】介词短语.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣你觉得你的语文老师怎么样?
﹣﹣﹣嗯,我们害怕她,但同时我们真得很喜欢她。
【解答】for the first time第一次;at the same time同时;at that time在那时;from time to time不时地;根据"we are afraid of her"我们害怕她,再结合but可知,我们同时真得很喜欢她,因此选at the same time符合题意。
故选:B。
【点评】正确辨析各介词短语的含义,结合题干句意选择作答。
8.(2021 黔西南州模拟)My mother cooks so well that I have 6 pounds.( )
A.put up B.put out C.put on D.put down
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】我妈妈做饭那么好以至于我增加了6磅。
【解答】put up张贴,搭建;put out扑灭,生产;put on穿上,增加;put down放下,镇压。根据主句句意"我妈妈做饭那么好"可知,结果状语从句为"以至于我增加了6磅",填"增加",其它选项语意不通。
故选:C。
【点评】考查动词短语,要牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
9.(2021 望花区二模)I just want to my brain and think about nothing.( )
A.shut off B.put off C.set off D.give off
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】我就是想关闭大脑,并且什么也不想。
【解答】shut off关闭;put off推迟;set off出发;give off释放出。根据后句什么也不想思考,可知我想关闭大脑。
故选:A。
【点评】区别动词组的用法是解决此题的关键。
10.(2021 连云港一模)My father is crazy about DIY.He's trying to ________ a cupboard in the kitchen.( )
A.put up B.put in C.put on D.put away
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】你的父亲很热衷自己动手。他正在努力地把橱柜装入厨房。
【解答】put up张贴,搭起;put in安装;put on上演;put away收起来放好。橱柜安装到厨房。
故选:B。
【点评】区别动词组的意思是解决此题的关键。
11.(2021 惠山区一模)A medical team,________ five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses,was sent to the earthquake﹣stricken area in Turkey.
A.made up of B.made of C.made from D.made by
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】由五名有经验的医生和十名技术熟练的护士组成的医疗队被派往土耳其震区。
【解答】固定短语,由...组成be made up of,过去分词短语作定语,直接用made up of;made of/made from由...制成;made by由...制作。
故选:A。
【点评】区别动词短语的意思是解决此题的关键。
12.(2021 金坛区一模)—Have you made a plan to raise money to protect the animals in danger?
—Yes.Now we are thinking about how to ________.( )
A.pick it out B.carry it out
C.find it out D.put it out
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】﹣你有没有制定出一个筹钱保护涉危动物的计划。
﹣有的。我们正在考虑如何执行它。
【解答】pick it out挑出;carry it out执行它;find it out弄清楚它;put it out扑灭它。计划制定好了,可知后面就是要执行。
故选:B。
【点评】区别动词组的意思是解决此题的关键。
13.(2021 绥中县一模)Please ____________ the rubbish and put it into the proper rubbish bin.
A.make up B.pick up C.look up D.grow up
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】请把垃圾捡起来,放进合适的垃圾桶里。
【解答】make up编造,组成;pick up捡起;look up查阅,向上看;grow up长大,成长。根据后面的"放进合适的垃圾桶里"可知,前面为"请把垃圾捡起来",填"捡起",其它选项语意不通。
故选:B。
【点评】考查动词短语,要牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
14.(2021 新吴区二模)A Little Dilemma (《小舍得》) gives most parents a lesson.There is no need to push the kids too hard. ,parents will be sad to see them stressed out.( )
A.In all B.Above all
C.First of all D.After all
【考点】介词短语.
【分析】《小舍得》给大多数家长上了一课,没必要逼孩子太紧。毕竟,父母看到他们压力太大会难过的。
【解答】In all 总而言之;Above all 首先;First of all 首先;After all毕竟。前两句的意思是:《小舍得》给大多数家长上了一课,没必要逼孩子太紧。故选项D符合题意:毕竟,父母看到他们压力太大会难过的。
故选:D。
【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握时态,固定短语等,有效提高答题的速度。
15.(2021 硚口区模拟)A letter written by Albert Einstein was sold for more than 1.2 million dollars on May 18.At first,five people took up the bid(出价).But when the price rose to 700,0 000 dollars,three of them ________.
A.put out B.took out
C.gave out D.dropped out
【考点】动词短语.
【分析】5月18日,爱尔伯特 爱因斯坦写的一封信以120多万美元的价格售出。起初,有5个人出价了。但是当价格上升到700万美元时,其中3人退出了。
【解答】put out生产,扑灭;take out取出,拔掉;give out分发;drop out推迟,脱离。根据前句句意"5月18日,爱尔伯特 爱因斯坦写的一封信以120多万美元的价格售出。起初,有5个人出价了"可知,后句为"但是当价格上升到700万美元时,其中3人退出了",要填"退出",其它选项语意不通。
故选:D。
【点评】考查动词短语,要牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
考点卡片
1.副词的词义辨析
【常见副词词义辨析】
1.how often, how long, how far, how soon
(1)how often有"多久一次"的意思,是就做某事的频率提问.常用"Twice a year.","Three times a week."等回答.如:
﹣How often do you watch TV?
你多久看一次电视?
﹣Three times a week.每周三次.
(2)how long表示 "时间多久或物体多长", 表示时间侧重指 "一段时间".针对 "how long" 的回答一般是时间段,如 "for three days", "three years".如:
﹣How long did he stay here?
他在这儿待了多久?
﹣About two weeks.
大约两个星期.
(3)how soon表示 "多久之后",主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问.how soon的回答一般是:in+时间段.如:
﹣How soon will he be back?
他要多久才回来?
﹣In an hour.
一小时以后.
(4)how far 是提问"路程有多远",询问距离.如:
How far is it from his house?
距离他家有多远?
2.too, enough, so同作副词,差别大
(1)too作副词,用在"too…to"结构中, too…to结构中的动词不定式部分为否定意义,意为"太……而不能……".如:
He is too young to go to school.
他年龄太小了不能上学.
(2)enough用作副词时,意为"足够","形容词或副词原级+enough to"结构意为"足以能够",是肯定意义.如:
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学的年龄了.
(3)so意为"如此",用于"so…that…(如此……以至于……)",so后接形容词或副词,that后面加从句.如:
He is so old that he can't go on working.
他年龄太大,不能继续工作了.
3.already, still, yet用法巧辨析
(1)already通常用于完成时的肯定句中,表示"已经".如:
I have already seen the film.
我已经看过这部电影了.
(2)yet用来谈论某事是否已经发生,多用于疑问句和否定句中.在疑问句中,意为"已经",在否定句中意为"还,尚",通常放在句末;not yet可用于简略回答,意为"还没有".如:
He hasn't finished reading the book yet.
他还没有读完这本书.
﹣Have you finished your homework?
你完成家庭作业了吗?
﹣No,not yet.
不,还没有.
(3)still意为"仍然,还",强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续.在现在进行时中,still只表示动作正在持续.如:
He's still living with his mother.
他仍与母亲住在一起.
4.either, also, too用法"也"不同
(1)also用于肯定句,常用在实义动词前be动词后.如:
He also attended the meeting yesterday.
昨天他也参加了会议.
He is also a scientist.
他也是科学家.
(2)too用于肯定句,在句末,too前须有逗号.如:
He can swim,too.他也会游泳.
(3)either用于否定句,通常放在句末,之前需加逗号.如:
He didn't attend the meeting,either.
他也没去参加会议.
5.ago, before"以前"差别大
(1)ago表示"从现在起若干时间以前",常与动词一般过去式连用,而且ago只能作副词.如:
He left Shanghai three days ago.
他三天前离开了上海.
(2)before表示"从过去某时起若干时间以前",常与过去完成式连用.before既可作副词又可作介词和连词.如:
I had finished the work two days before.
两天前我已完成了工作.(副词)
I visited him two days ago,but he had gone to Paris five days before.
我于两天前去访问他,可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了.(副词)
6.much too, too much词序颠倒,意不同
(1)too much可以用作副词,也可以形容词,意为"太多、过于".用作副词时,在句中作状语.如:
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太久,对你的眼睛不好.
His father was too much surprised to see him here.
他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊.
too much用作形容词时,常用来修饰不可数名词.如:
He drank too much beer last night.
他昨晚酒喝得太多.
Please don't waste too much money.
请不要浪费太多的钱.
too much用作名词时,在句中作主语、宾语或表语.
如:
Too much was happening all at once.
同时发生的事太多了.
Mike,you have eaten too much. You can't eat any more.
迈克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了.
It's too much for me.
这个我干不了.
(2)much too用作副词时,通常用来修饰形容词或副词,意为"极其、非常、实在太".如:
This problem is much too difficult for me to work out.
这个问题非常难,我算不出来.
This shirt is much too expensive for him.
这件衬衫对他来说,实在太贵了.
7.hard与hardly没有共同语言
(1)当hard用作副词时,意为"努力地、困难地、猛烈地"等.如:
Does Tom work hard at his lessons?
汤姆学习努力吗?
It′s raining hard outside now. Don't go out.
现在外面正下着大雨,不要出去.
(2)hardly并不是hard加上后缀所构成的副词,hardly只能用作副词,意为"几乎没有、几乎不".如:
I can hardly see anything on the blackboard.
我几乎看不见黑板上的任何东西.
My father hardly ever watches TV.
我爸爸几乎不看电视.
2.动词短语
【概念】
动词短语:
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.
【用法】
(1)动词+副词:
在"动词+副词"的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.
例:First put some salt into the water and then.( )
A.mix them up B.mix up them C.mix it up D.mix up it
分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.
解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,故选C.
(2)动词+副词+介词:
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.
例:She is planning her project.Let's help her ____some good ideas.( )
A.come out B.come up C.come up with D.catch up with
分析:她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.
解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with追上,赶上;结合句意"她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意."可知,要用是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.
(3)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.
例:The old man _____,and he wants to see a doctor now.( )
A.has fever B.have a fever C.has a fever D.has fevers
分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.
解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是"发烧";结合句意"这位老人发烧,他现在想去看医生."可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故答案为C.
(4)be+形容词+介词:
be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义.
例:This pair of shoes_____hand.( )
A.is made with B.are made from C.are made of D.is made by
分析:这双鞋是手工做的.
解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由…制造(看不出原材料).C.由…制造(看出原材料).D.由…制造(由某人).结合语境"这双鞋是手工做的.".可知,由双手制造,用is made by.选D.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.
3.形容词短语
【概念】
在句中起形容词作用的短语叫做形容词短语.
【用法】
(1)两个或多个形容词可以由and,but等对等连词连接,构成形容词短语.
Your room is large and beautiful.
你的房间大且美丽.(large and beautiful是形容词短语.)
He is young but clever.
他年轻但聪明.(young but clever是形容词短语.)
(2)very等程度副词作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
It is very hot today.
今天很热.(very hot是形容词短语.)
The room was awfully dirty.
这屋子太脏了.(awfully dirty是形容词短语.)
The road is long enough.
这路够长的.(long enough是形容词短语,enough在形容词后作修饰语.)
(3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
I am sure of success.
我确信会成功的.(sure of success是形容词短语.)
The bottle is full of water.
瓶子里装满了水.(full of water是形容词短语.)
(4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
He is sure to come.
他一定会来的.(sure to come是形容词短语.)
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查形容词短语的用法,但容易混淆的形容词短语、常用形容词短语的习惯用法、常用形容词短语.这些是考查的重点.
4.介词短语
【概念】
①介词短语:
指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有:according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to等.
②概念点拨:
介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用;介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语.
【用法】
介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等.例如:
①作定语
The skyscraper in the distance is a five﹣star hotel.(定语)
The old thing _____are all three _____years old.( )
A.on show, hundred
B.for showing, hundreds of
C.on show, hundreds
分析:这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.
解答:on show 展出,介词短语做后置定语,三百年three hundred years,hundreds of意思是"数以百计的",结合句意"这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了."可知,答案为A.
②做状语
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.( )
A.in pubic
B.in total
C.in common
分析:Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.
解答:结合语境Grace often gets nervous 可以推断这句话表达的意思是"Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.",所以设空处的介词短语表达的意思是"在公众场合",应该用 in public,in total"总共",in common"共有"都不符合句意,故选A
点评:英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法,是完成此类问题的捷径.
③作表语
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
Most of the wild animals are _____because of their bad living environment.
﹣So we must do something to save them.( )
A.in need
B.on duty
C.at work
D.in danger
分析﹣﹣大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.
﹣﹣所以我们必须采取措施拯救它们.
解答:首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思,A:需要;B:值日;C:在工作;D:处于危险中;根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.",由此判断句子中缺少"处于危险中"一词,故答案为D.
④做宾语补足语
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
When we get on the bus,we should wait____.( )
A.in a line
B.with a line
C.in line
D.on line
分析:当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.
解答:根据When we get on the bus,可知当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.排队等候应该用wait in line表示.故选C.
⑤做主语
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
____the students in this primary school is about four thousand,and_____ of them are from Xi'an.( )
A.A number of; the number of
B.The number of; a number of
C.The number of; the number of
D.A number of; a number of
分析这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.
解答:首先明确选项中涉及到的单词或短语的意思和用法,a number of 意思是"许多"修饰可数名词复数,the number of 意思是"…的数量",作主语视为单数,本题中,结合语境推测句意是"这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.",故答案为B.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查介词短语的用法,容易混淆的介词短语.英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词短语的固定搭配及习惯用法.这些是考查的重点.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):反义疑问句
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 绥化)There is plenty of information about AI(人工智能)on the website,___________?( )
A.isn't there B.isn't it
C.is there
2.(2021 金山区二模)Nowadays, few people use cameras to take photos, ?( )
A.are they B.aren't they
C.do they D.don't they
3.(2019 泰兴市一模)﹣﹣﹣There was little rain in your hometown last summer,____________ there?
﹣﹣﹣_____________.Plenty of plants died in the field.( )
A.wasn't;Yes B.wasn't;No C.was;Yes D.was;No
4.(2020 长春三模)He's read this book before,_____?( )
A.hasn't he B.doesn't he C.isn't he D.wasn't he
5.(2021 虹口区二模)Few of the students in this school have been abroad before, ?( )
A.have they B.haven't they
C.do they D.did they
6.(2021 姜堰区模拟)﹣﹣﹣You didn't catch the train, did you?
﹣﹣﹣_______, though I tried my best to get there on time.( )
A.No, I didn't B.Yes, I did
C.No, I did D.Yes, I didn't
7.(2020 淮安模拟)﹣﹣﹣Your brother's never late for school, _________ he?
﹣﹣﹣ _______, he was late yesterday.( )
A.has; Yes B.hasn't; No C.is; Yes D.is; No
8.(2020 瓯海区二模)﹣﹣﹣Most people in Italy didn't wear masks first, did they?
﹣﹣﹣ .The Italians like to enjoy their freedom as well as other westerners.( )
A.Yes, they did B.No, they didn't
C.Yes, they were D.No, they weren't
9.(2020 西安二模)Tom knows how to complete the project successfully without others' help ?( )
A.doesn't he B.isn't he C.wasn't he D.hasn't he
10.(2019 营口模拟)I don't think he did such a stupid thing last night,__________?( )
A.do I B.could he C.did he D.has he
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):反义疑问句(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 绥化)There is plenty of information about AI(人工智能)on the website,___________?( )
A.isn't there B.isn't it
C.is there
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】网站上有很多关于人工智能的信息,不是吗?
【解答】考查反意疑问句。
反意疑问句都是由两部分组成,前边陈述部分加上后边疑问部分,其中疑问部分两个单词,疑问部分为否定式时,习惯上只用缩写形式,不能分开来写,主语用代词代替。there be句式的反意疑问句,其疑问部分仍用there be句式。反意疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词,不能是名词,如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词等,在附加部分应改用相应的人称代词。分析句子结构可知是考查There is 的反意疑问句,所以应是There is plenty of information about AI on the website,isn't there?
故选:A。
【点评】在中考中,反意疑问句常出现在单项选择和句型转换等中,需要大家熟练掌握。
2.(2021 金山区二模)Nowadays, few people use cameras to take photos, ?( )
A.are they B.aren't they
C.do they D.don't they
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】如今,很少有人用相机拍照,对吗?
【解答】根据句式和标点,可知此题查反意疑问句,它由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。 由few"少数几个"可知此题为前否定,后应该用肯定式。谓语动词是 use ,疑问部分应用do they。
故选:C。
【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握关键词,有效提高答题的速度。
3.(2019 泰兴市一模)﹣﹣﹣There was little rain in your hometown last summer,____________ there?
﹣﹣﹣_____________.Plenty of plants died in the field.( )
A.wasn't;Yes B.wasn't;No C.was;Yes D.was;No
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】去年你的家乡没有多少雨,不是吗?是的.很多田野里的植物都死了.
【解答】本题考查反意疑问句.反意疑问句中前半句是肯定,后半句就要用否定进行反问.如果前半句是否定,后半句就要用肯定形式进行反问.该题中前半句There was little rain in your hometown last summer去年你的家乡没有多少雨,表示的是否定的含义,因此后半句用肯定进行反问,故用 was there.前否后肯的反意疑问句回答时yes 翻译成不,no翻译成是的.根据Plenty of plants died in the field很多田野里的植物都死了,可知因应该回答是的,雨水很少.故第二个空用No.
故选:D。
【点评】1.反意疑问句中前半句是肯定,后半句就要用否定进行反问.如果前半句是否定,后半句就要用肯定形式进行反问.
2.前否后肯的反意疑问句回答时yes 翻译成不,no翻译成是的
4.(2020 长春三模)He's read this book before,_____?( )
A.hasn't he B.doesn't he C.isn't he D.wasn't he
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
5.(2021 虹口区二模)Few of the students in this school have been abroad before, ?( )
A.have they B.haven't they
C.do they D.did they
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】这所学校的学生中很少有以前去过国外的,对吗?
【解答】根据句式和标点,可知本题考查反意疑问句,它由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。 由few"没有几个,少数"可知此题为前否定,后应该用肯定式。助动词是have ,疑问部分应用have they。
故选:A。
【点评】要掌握反意疑问句的结构,尤其是疑问句的构成,可突破难点。
6.(2021 姜堰区模拟)﹣﹣﹣You didn't catch the train, did you?
﹣﹣﹣_______, though I tried my best to get there on time.( )
A.No, I didn't B.Yes, I did
C.No, I did D.Yes, I didn't
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】﹣﹣你没赶上火车,是吗
﹣﹣﹣是的,尽管我尽力准时到达了那里。
【解答】反意疑问句的回答根据事实回答,事实上是肯定用yes,事实上是否定用no,根据though I tried my best to get there on time.可知没赶上火车,用否定回答No,I didn't.
故选:A。
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合反意疑问句的回答准确作答。
7.(2020 淮安模拟)﹣﹣﹣Your brother's never late for school, _________ he?
﹣﹣﹣ _______, he was late yesterday.( )
A.has; Yes B.hasn't; No C.is; Yes D.is; No
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】﹣﹣你哥哥上学从不迟到,是吗?
﹣﹣不,他昨天迟到了。
【解答】原句是含be动词的一般现在时,根据句中的never可知陈述句部分是否定,所以反意疑问句用肯定is he; 反意疑问句的回答根据事实回答,根据he was late yesterday可知他昨天迟到了,可知事实是肯定用yes回答。
故选:C。
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合反意疑问句的构成和回答准确作答。
8.(2020 瓯海区二模)﹣﹣﹣Most people in Italy didn't wear masks first, did they?
﹣﹣﹣ .The Italians like to enjoy their freedom as well as other westerners.( )
A.Yes, they did B.No, they didn't
C.Yes, they were D.No, they weren't
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】﹣﹣大多数意大利人一开始没有戴口罩,是吗?
﹣﹣是的,没戴.意大利人和其他西方人一样喜欢享受自由.
【解答】反意疑问句的回答根据事实回答,事实上是肯定用yes,事实上是否定用no,根据The Italians like to enjoy their freedom as well as other westerners.可知大多数意大利人一开始没有戴口罩,用否定回答.根据did they可知否定回答是No,they didn't.
故选:B.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合反意疑问句的回答准确作答.
9.(2020 西安二模)Tom knows how to complete the project successfully without others' help ?( )
A.doesn't he B.isn't he C.wasn't he D.hasn't he
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】汤姆知道如何在没有别人帮助的情况下成功地完成这个项目,是吗?
【解答】根据Tom knows 可知原句是一般现在时,陈述句部分是肯定,所以反意疑问句用否定,主语是三人称单数Tom,助动词用does,所以反意疑问句是doesn't he.
故选:A.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合反意疑问句的构成准确作答.
10.(2019 营口模拟)I don't think he did such a stupid thing last night,__________?( )
A.do I B.could he C.did he D.has he
【考点】反意疑问句.
【分析】我认为他昨晚没做这么蠢的事,是吗?
【解答】I don't think +宾语从句,否定转移,反意疑问句在从句上变化,从句是一般过去时否定,反意疑问句用肯定
故选:C.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答
考点卡片
1.反意疑问句
【概念】
反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句,指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句,用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实,读时前降后升调,回答用Yes或No.例句:
A: Harry was late, wasn't he?
B: Yes. He woke up late this morning.
【结构】
反意疑问句都是由两部分组成,前边陈述部分加上后边疑问部分,其中疑问部分两个单词,疑问部分为否定式时,习惯上只用缩写形式,不能分开来写,主语用代词代替,具体原则为:
1.前肯后否,即前边陈述部分为肯定句,则后边疑问部分用否定句.例句:
Your brother has gone to the library, hasn't he?
2.前否后肯,即前边陈述部分为否定句,则后边疑问部分用肯定句.否定句是陈述句的一种,包含有否定词如:no,not,never,nothing,nobody,none, hardly,scarcely,few,little,seldom等.例句:
He doesn't have any money, does he?
如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时,反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构.例句:
It's impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn't it?
3.前肯后肯,即前边陈述部分为肯定句,则后边疑问部分也用肯定句
此种情况只出现在祈使句Let's…或Let us…开头的情况,由于Let's…总是表示建议,所以其后的附加部分总是用shall we.例句:
Let's have a break, shall we?
而Let us…时则有所不同,由于它有时表示请求,有时表示建议,所以要区别对待﹣﹣表示请求时,附加部分用will you;表示建议时,附加部分用shall we.例句:
Let us know your address, will you?
Let us go swimming together, shall we?
例:Mary can hardly speak Chinese.(改为反意疑问句)
Mary can hardly speak Chinese,_________ ?
考点:句型转换.
分析:玛丽几乎不会说中文.
玛丽几乎不会说中文,是吗?
解答:can she.根据题目要求,可知这里考查反意疑问句,反意疑问句一般遵循前肯定则后否定,前否定则后肯定的原则,并且疑问部分时态,人称要与前文保持一致.前面含有情态动词can,在小疑问句中应该还用can,hardly的意思是几乎不,本身是否定的意思,所以它的反意疑问句为can she.故填can she.
点评:本题考查了反意疑问句的有关知识.解答时注意:反意疑问句一般遵循前肯定则后否定,前否定则后肯定的原则,并且疑问部分时态,人称要与前文保持一致.
【易混淆点】
1. 祈使句的反意疑问句
肯定祈使句,则其疑问部分通常用will you, won't you, would you等,例如:
Come tomorrow, will you?
否定祈使句,则其疑问句部分要用肯定形式will you,而不能用否定式形式的won't.例如:
Don't tell him, will you? 不要告诉他,好吗?
2. there be句式的反意疑问句,其疑问部分仍用there be句式.例如:
There is a garden at the back of the house, isn't there?
3.反意疑问句的主语问题
反意疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词,不能是名词,如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词等,在附加部分应改用相应的人称代词.例如:
That is a wallet, isn't it? 这是个钱包,是吗?
Nothing is serious, is it? 一点也不严重,对吗?
注意,如果陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等指人的复合不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they.例如:
Nobody likes it, does he [don't they]?
4.对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no.要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反.这种省略回答的yes要译成"不",no要译成"是".例如:
A: He likes playing football, doesn't he?
B: Yes,he does. He always plays it after school. (事实是他喜欢踢足球, 是肯定的)
A: His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she?
B; No, she didn't. She was ill on that day.(事实是她没参加会议,是否定的)
【解题方法点拨】
解答反意疑问句时,要首先考虑结构,其次要考虑疑问部分时态,人称要与前文保持一致.答语据实回答,事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no.
【中考命题方向】
在中考中,反意疑问句常出现在单项选择和句型转换等中,需要大家熟练掌握.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):分词
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 东营区校级模拟)My coat is the same size as yours,which is made of cotton in Xinjiang Province.If you feel cold,you can wear mine.
A.grow B.grew C.grown D.is grown
2.(2021 杨浦区二模)People come from all over to our village to .( )
A.enjoy B.be enjoyed
C.are enjoyed D.enjoyed
3.(2019 射阳县校级模拟)﹣﹣﹣ His _____ English is very weak.
﹣﹣﹣ I think so. He'd better go to the English corner to get more practice.( )
A.spoken B.speaking C.to speak D.speaks
4.(2021 胶州市一模)She left the lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn't get the car .( )
A.to start B.starting C.started D.starts
5.(2021 铜仁市)—Look!There are some students ____ basketball on the playground.
—Yes.I often see them ________ basketball there.
A.play;play B.play;playing
C.playing;play D.playing;playing
6.(2020 松北区模拟)Tim is a helpful student in our class. He always helps the students in trouble, himself popular among our teacher and classmates.( )
A.make B.made C.making
7.(2020 香坊区二模)﹣What happened to France most famous landmarks (地标)in Paris?
﹣The Notre﹣Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)caught fire last year. It's said that many people saw the heavy smoke in the sky at that time.( )
A.rise B.rising C.to rise
8.(2020 香坊区二模)E﹣safety needs more attention these days.Don't give any response (答复)to any e﹣mail your personal information no matter how official it is.( )
A.requiring B.to require C.required
9.(2020 泰安模拟)It was the man on the bed with his eyes open who the book open on the desk just now.( )
A.lain;lay B.lying;laid C.lay;lay D.lying;lied
10.(2021 石城县模拟)﹣Something seems to have gone wrong with the TV.
﹣Don't worry. I'll get it this afternoon.( )
A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.repaired
11.(2019 鄂州)I think AI (人工智能) in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future.( )
A.used, be used B.is used, be used
C.used, use D.is used, use
12.(2020 天水)_____ with my father's handwriting, mine is poor.( )
A.Compare B.Compared C.Comparing D.Compares
13.(2019 安顺)﹣Mr. Wang, please speak loudly in the hall to make yourself _______ while ________are there.
﹣Fine, thanks for telling me about that.( )
A.understood, others B.understand, other
C.understand, others D.understanding, other
14.(2021 成都)It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind ___________hard.( )
A.blown B.blowing C.to blow
15.(2019 铜仁市)﹣﹣﹣Look! There is a man _____Taiji near the river.
﹣﹣﹣Wow! It's my teacher, Mr. Wu.( )
A.perform B.performs C.performing D.performed
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):分词(15题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共15小题)
1.(2021 东营区校级模拟)My coat is the same size as yours,which is made of cotton in Xinjiang Province.If you feel cold,you can wear mine.
A.grow B.grew C.grown D.is grown
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】我的外套和你的一样大,是新疆产的棉花做的。如果你觉得冷,可以穿我的。
【解答】考查实义动词的过去分词。
过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动。grown是grow的过去分词;grown in Xinjiang Province.产于新疆,作定语修饰cotton。cotton grown in Xinjiang Province.产于新疆的棉花。
故选:C。
【点评】学习过程中注意掌握实义动词的过去分词。
2.(2021 杨浦区二模)People come from all over to our village to .( )
A.enjoy B.be enjoyed
C.are enjoyed D.enjoyed
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】人们从四面八方到我们村里来享受生活。
【解答】根据语境,题干设空处和选项构成to do结构;enjoy是及物动词,其后应接宾语,不能单独使用,故A项排除;因此应选B项,to be在这里表将来或说话者主观上的意愿或目的,在题干中表"来这里去享受生活",相当于enjoy oneself(过得愉快)。
故选:B。
【点评】解答此题的关键,需根据语境和题干关键词及选项去分析选择。
3.(2019 射阳县校级模拟)﹣﹣﹣ His _____ English is very weak.
﹣﹣﹣ I think so. He'd better go to the English corner to get more practice.( )
A.spoken B.speaking C.to speak D.speaks
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
4.(2021 胶州市一模)She left the lights on overnight and in the morning she couldn't get the car .( )
A.to start B.starting C.started D.starts
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】她整夜都开着车灯,第二天早上她就不能把车发动起来了。
【解答】本题考查"get sth. done"意为"使......被做,让(某人)做某事";根据题意:第二天早上她就不能把车发动起来了。可以表达为"she couldn't get the car started",
故选:C。
【点评】掌握固定用法,结合题意,选出正确答案。
5.(2021 铜仁市)—Look!There are some students ____ basketball on the playground.
—Yes.I often see them ________ basketball there.
A.play;play B.play;playing
C.playing;play D.playing;playing
【考点】实义动词的现在分词;动词的固定搭配.
【分析】﹣你看!有一些学生在操场上打篮球。
﹣是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。
【解答】考查非谓语动词。
分析句子,结合选项,There are some students playing basketball on the playground.推测句意是看,操场上有很多学生正在打篮球,这里用现在分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词;分析句子,结合选项固定用法see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事,表示看见了事件的全过程或看见的事情经常发生;固定用法see sb.doing sth.看见某人在做某事,指看见的事情在进行。根据句中的often,可知,打篮球的动作经常进行。故应用see sb.do sth.,此处play应用原形。
故选:C。
【点评】学习过程中注意掌握实义动词的现在分词的用法和常见的动词固定搭配。
6.(2020 松北区模拟)Tim is a helpful student in our class. He always helps the students in trouble, himself popular among our teacher and classmates.( )
A.make B.made C.making
【考点】实义动词的现在分词.
【分析】Tim 在我们班里是一个乐于助人的学生. 他总是帮助那些有困难的学生,这使得他在老师和同学中间很受欢迎.
【解答】make 动词:使, make 原形动词; made 过去式及过去分词;making 现在分词.由语境可知空格上应填making. making在本句中作结果状语,因此只有C符合要求.
故选:C.
【点评】解答本题的关键是了解动词的ing形式可以在句中作状语表示结果.
7.(2020 香坊区二模)﹣What happened to France most famous landmarks (地标)in Paris?
﹣The Notre﹣Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)caught fire last year. It's said that many people saw the heavy smoke in the sky at that time.( )
A.rise B.rising C.to rise
【考点】实义动词的现在分词.
【分析】法国巴黎最著名的地标发生了什么?
巴黎圣母院去年失火了.据说当时许多人看到天空中升起浓烟.
【解答】rise是动词原形,rising是现在分词,to rise是不定式;see sb./ sth. doing sth.看见某人/某物正在做某事,是固定搭配;根据后句句意"据说当时许多人看到天空中升起浓烟"可知,要用固定搭配see sb./ sth. doing sth.,要填现在分词,其它选项语意不通,用不符合语法.
故选:B.
【点评】考查实义动词的现在分词,要牢记实义动词的现在分词的含义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案.
8.(2020 香坊区二模)E﹣safety needs more attention these days.Don't give any response (答复)to any e﹣mail your personal information no matter how official it is.( )
A.requiring B.to require C.required
【考点】实义动词的现在分词.
【分析】现在电子安全需要更多的关注.不要对任何要求你的个人信息的电子邮件做出任何回应,不管它有多正式.
【解答】根据语法可知,要用现在分词短语requiring our personal information作定语,修饰e﹣mail,要填现在分词,其它选项不符合语法.
故选:A.
【点评】考查实义动词的现在分词,要牢记实义动词的现在分词的含义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案.
9.(2020 泰安模拟)It was the man on the bed with his eyes open who the book open on the desk just now.( )
A.lain;lay B.lying;laid C.lay;lay D.lying;lied
【考点】分词;实义动词的过去式.
【分析】正是这个睁着眼睛躺在床上的人刚刚把书打开着放在课桌上的.
【解答】由题干可知,这是一个强调句It was…who…,这里强调作主语的the man,man与躺这个动作之间是主动关系,用﹣ing形式表主动,lie(躺)的﹣ing形式为lying,lying on the bed with his eyes open在句中作定语修饰the man;"放置"的动词原形是lay,由just now可知要用一般过去时,其过去式为laid,因此选项B符合题意,句意为:正是这个睁着眼睛躺在床上的人刚刚把书打开着放在课桌上的.
故选:B。
【点评】做题时,首先要明确lie和lay的含义和用法,结合具体语境,分析语言点,从而得出正确答案.
10.(2021 石城县模拟)﹣Something seems to have gone wrong with the TV.
﹣Don't worry. I'll get it this afternoon.( )
A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.repaired
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣电视机好像出了毛病。
﹣﹣﹣不要担心。我今天下午找人修。
【解答】本题考查非谓语动词,根据题干可知,"it"代指"the TV",it与repair两者是动宾关系,形成固定结构get sth done"请人干某事",所以用repaired形式。
故选:D。
【点评】此题考查动词的过去分词作补足语,要答好题就得平时养成习惯多积累多归纳,掌握固定形式的同时,结合语境得出答案。
11.(2019 鄂州)I think AI (人工智能) in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future.( )
A.used, be used B.is used, be used
C.used, use D.is used, use
【考点】实义动词的过去分词;一般将来时的被动语态.
【分析】在将来,我认为在很多领域使用的人工智能将被用于帮助我们解决很多问题.
【解答】根据句意:在将来,我认为在很多领域使用的人工智能将被用于帮助我们解决很多问题.第一空是过去分词作后置定语,表被动;第二空考查be used to do 被用于做某事.
故选:A.
【点评】熟悉实义动词过去分词用法,结合题意,给出答案.
12.(2020 天水)_____ with my father's handwriting, mine is poor.( )
A.Compare B.Compared C.Comparing D.Compares
【考点】实义动词的过去分词.
【分析】与我父亲的书法相比,我的书法很差.
【解答】Compare比较,动词原形.Compared过去式/过去分词.Comparing动名词/现在分词.Compares第三人称单数.Compared with sb"和某人相比",这里表示被动,省略了My handwriting is (compared with ).因此用过去分词.
故选:B.
【点评】掌握Compared with sb"和某人相比"表示被动的知识点,结合语境,分析选项,选择合适答案.
13.(2019 安顺)﹣Mr. Wang, please speak loudly in the hall to make yourself _______ while ________are there.
﹣Fine, thanks for telling me about that.( )
A.understood, others B.understand, other
C.understand, others D.understanding, other
【考点】实义动词的过去分词;代词辨析.
【分析】王先生,在大厅里讲话请大声些,能让别人听懂你.﹣﹣﹣好的,谢谢你告诉了我.
【解答】本题考查的是过去分词的用法. 本题考点是make oneself done 使自己被…,其中过去分词作宾语补足语.在本句中使用了make yourself understood(使你自己被别人听懂).others 别人(在句子中作主语);other 别的(不能单独作主语),因此只有A符合要求.
故选:A.
【点评】解答本题时,要理解和掌握make sb done这个结构的意思和用法.
14.(2021 成都)It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind ___________hard.( )
A.blown B.blowing C.to blow
【考点】实义动词的现在分词.
【分析】在强风的吹拂下,人们很难前进。
【解答】根据题干It is hard for people to move forward ,可知在强风的吹拂下,人们很难前进。强风正在吹,用现在分词表伴随。
故选:B。
【点评】熟悉实义动词现在分词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
15.(2019 铜仁市)﹣﹣﹣Look! There is a man _____Taiji near the river.
﹣﹣﹣Wow! It's my teacher, Mr. Wu.( )
A.perform B.performs C.performing D.performed
【考点】实义动词的现在分词.
【分析】﹣看,河边有一个人正在打太极.﹣哇!那是我的老师,吴先生.
【解答】答案:C.
根据句意:﹣看,河边有一个人正在打太极.﹣哇!那是我的老师,吴先生.可知考查there be…doing sth有…正在做某事.
故选:C。
【点评】熟悉实义动词现在分词的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
考点卡片
1.代词辨析
【概念】
代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.
【结构及分类】
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种
【代词辨析的考查方向】
①意义相近的代词之间的辨析.如不定代词.
Can I come today or tomorrow?
﹣ ____is OK.I'm busy today and tomorrow.( )
A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None
分析:﹣﹣我能今天或明天来吗?
﹣﹣都不行.我今天和明天都很忙.
解答:B.
either两者中任一个,neither两者都不,each每一个,none没有一个;根据 I'm busy today and tomorrow. 可知今天明天哪一天都不行,故选B.
点评:本题考查不定代词,做题时应注意根据句子中的关键信息以及句型的结构进行判断.
②词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析.如疑问代词.
____ bag is this?﹣It's his.( )
A.Whose B.What C.Who
分析:﹣﹣这是谁的书包?
﹣﹣它是他的.
解答:A.
考查疑问词.句意"﹣﹣这是谁的书包?﹣﹣它是他的.".A谁的.B什么.C谁.结合语境"这是___书包?它是他的.".可知,对形容词性物主代词提问用疑问词whose谁的,后跟名词bag书包.答案是A.
点评:疑问词通常用来构成疑问句,要根据回答的具体内容进行选择,注意一些固定搭配,分清疑问词的用法.
③意义不同,但容易混淆的代词的辨义.如形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词等.
This is ______ pencil box.Where is ______?﹣It's in the desk.( )
A.my; your B.my; yours C.mine; your
分析:﹣﹣这是我的铅笔盒.你的在哪里?
﹣﹣它在课桌里.
解答:B.
考查代词.句意"这是我的铅笔盒.你的在哪里?它在课桌里.".第一个空,用形容词性物主代词my我的,修饰名词pencil box铅笔盒.第二个空,为了避免与前面的名词重复,这里用名词性物主代词yours代替your pencil box你的铅笔盒.答案是B.
点评:考查物主代词.物主代词包括形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词.前者通常修饰名词.后者可单独使用.要结合语境选择合适用法.
④某些常用代词的习惯用法的辨义.I have two sisters.________ of them are high school students.( )
A.All B.Both C.Every D.Each
分析:我有两个姐姐,她们两个都是高中生.
解答:B,由题意可知,我有两个姐姐,她们两个都是高中生,空格处应填写两者都,为both一词.A,三者及三者以上,C,every每个,后加单数,不符合后面的of them,D,每一个,后加单数,也不符合题意.
点评:注意区分几个易混淆单词的不同用法.
【易混淆点】
①形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别.
②一些代词的用法和意义的相似.
【解题方法点拨】
①分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.
②根据常用代词的用法进行筛选.
③根据代词的一些固定用法,进行筛选.
④分析句子结构,选择代词的正确形式.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查代词的用法,及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.
2.实义动词的过去式
【规则动词】
1.一般动词直接加﹣ed,e.g.look﹣looked;
2.以e结尾的动词直接加﹣d,e.g.dance﹣danced;
3.辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,e.g.study﹣studied;
4.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加﹣ed,e.g.skip﹣skipped;
5.以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可.其中不双写的是美式拼写.e.g.travel﹣travelled/traveled(U.S.).
6.部分以﹣p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条,这类词多由"前缀+名词"构成.e.g.worship﹣worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap﹣handicapped/handicaped(U.S.).
注:英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母.
【不规则动词】
动词过去式与原形相同;
动词过去式以﹣ought或﹣aught结尾;
动词过去式由原形结尾的﹣end变为﹣ent;
动词过去式以﹣elt,﹣eft,﹣ept结尾;
动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变;
动词过去式以﹣ew结尾;
动词过去式﹣ee﹣变为﹣e﹣.
【情态动词】
不规则情态动词
is﹣was
are﹣were
am﹣was
3.实义动词的过去分词
【用法】
过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动.
【变化规律】
实义动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的:
①一般情况直接加ed,如ask﹣asked,work﹣worked
②以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love﹣loved,dance﹣danced
③以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try﹣tried,study﹣studied
④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed,
如stop﹣stopped,permit﹣permitted
注意:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control﹣controlled,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel﹣traveled/traveled.
特例:picnic﹣picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需熟记.
【易混淆点】
实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:
1.过去式是发生过的事;过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事.
2.过去式是用来作谓语的,过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语.
3.另外,在两者的形式也有所差异,有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样.比如:
begin began begun 就不一样
teach taught taught 就一样
用的时候一定要分清
【过去分词结构】
1. 过去分词独立结构
过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构.过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等.如:
He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.
他满脸是汗跑进屋来.(表伴随)
This done,we went home.
做完此事,我们就回家了.(表时间)
All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.
积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始找工作.(表原因)
That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.
那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题.(表时间)
2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构
With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.
每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划.
With different methods used,different results are obtained.
采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果.
She went angrily away without a word spoken.
她一个字也没说,就生气地走了.
3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有: have 让,使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得
see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现
feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使
want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意
observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态
如:
The work left him exhausted.
这个活使得他筋疲力尽.
The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.
看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了.
The tenant found the house renovated.
房客看到房子已整修过了.
It's better to leave some things unsaid.
有些事倒是不说的好.
I don't want my name linked with him.
我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起.
The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.
当事人希望此事立刻得到解决.
(2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的.如:
I had my car repaired
我把我的车修好了.(别人修的)
I had my hair cut
我理发了.(别人给我理的)
We must get the television set repaired
我们必须把电视机修好.(被别人修)
He had his window broken to pieces.
他的窗户给打破了.(被他人打破)
【初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表】
(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费)cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读)read read
(2)AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3)ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
awake awoke awoken
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4)ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug build built built
get(得到) got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang(吊死) hanged hanged deal dealt dealt
hang(悬挂) hung hung feed fed fed
hold(抓住) held held find found found
shine(照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat
pay paid paid win (赢) won won
send sent sent meet(遇见) met met
shoot shot shot keep (保持) kept kept
tell told told sleep(睡) slept slept
win won won sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt smell(闻) smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5)ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun take(取) took taken
drink(喝) drank drunk mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ring(铃响) rang rung ride(骑) rode ridden
sing (唱) sang sung do(做) did done
swim(游泳) swam swum write(写) wrote written
blow(吹) blew blown go(去)went gone
draw (画) drew drawn lie(平躺) lay lain
fly(飞) flew flown see(看见) saw seen
grow(生长) grew grown wear (穿) wore worn
know(知道) knew known be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake(醒) woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
drive(驾驶) drove driven hide hid hidden
eat(吃) ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall(落下) fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎
give(给) gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise(升高) rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen
can﹣﹣﹣﹣could may﹣﹣﹣might will﹣﹣﹣would shall﹣﹣﹣should
must﹣﹣﹣﹣must
4.实义动词的现在分词
【概念】
实义动词的现在分词由动词加ing构成,即V.+ing组成,主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语.常考实义动词的现在分词有:
慢跑 Slow﹣running,滑冰 Skating,游泳 Swimming,打篮球 Playing basketball,画画 Drawing (pictures),唱歌 Singing,购物 Shopping,阅读 Reading,踢足球 Playing soccer/football,跳 Jumping,站 Standing,写 Writing,说 Talking/speaking/saying,跑 Running,吃 Eating……
【基本特点】
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行.例如:a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳.(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water沸水, risen sun升起的太阳)
2. 在语态上表示主动.例如: the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级.(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class被剥削阶级)
实义动词现在分词的复合结构
1.形容词性物主代词+doing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
2.名词所有格+doing
Jane's being so careless caused so much trouble.
3.人称代词的宾格+doing
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone?
4.名词+doing
She insisted on her son/her son's going to college.
【用法】
(一)基本用法
1.现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句.例如:
There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
2.现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性.例如:
The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
3.现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.例如:
Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
4.现在分词的独立主格结构作状语.例如:
" Mama! " he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. "妈妈!"他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来.(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语.)
(二)否定结构
现在分词的否定式由"not+现在分词"构成.如:
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道该往哪儿走,就去请警察帮助.(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
(1)现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生.如:
She sat there reading a novel.她坐在那里看小说.
(2)现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生.如:
Going into the room,he shut the door.走进房间,他就关上了门.
(三)完成式
现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成.
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视.
现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者.
(1)现在分词的一般被动式.如:
The building being built is our library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆.
(2)现在分词的完成被动式.如:
Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn't make such mistakes.
老师警告他们之后,学生们不再犯这样的错误了.
(四)垂悬结构
现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致,但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致,这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词.垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊,甚至造成歧义,因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法.
Searching along the deck,it had taken him some time to find a doctor.
他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生.(searching的逻辑主语是句中的him)
5.动词的固定搭配
【常见的动词固定搭配】
一、只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事
2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
4. help(to)do sth. 帮助做某事
5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
6. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
7. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
8. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
9. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
10. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事(时间或金钱方面)
11. agree to do sth. 做某事
12. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事
14. beg to do sth. 恳求做某事
15. care to do sth. 愿意/喜欢做某事
16. choose to do sth. 选择做某事
17. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
18. demand to do sth. 要求做某事
19. determine to do sth. 决心做某事
20. expect to do sth. 等待做某事
21. fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
22. prepare to do sth. 预备做某事
23. pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
24. promise to do sth. 答应做某事
25. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
二、只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
1. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
2. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
3. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
5. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
6. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
8. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
9. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
10. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
11. admit doing sth. 承认做某事
12. advise doing sth. 建议做某事
13. allow doing sth. 允许做某事
14. appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事
15. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事
17. deny doing sth. 否认做某事
18. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
19. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
20. escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
21. excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜爱做某事
23. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事
25. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
26. miss doing sth. 错过做某事
27. permit doing sth. 允许做某事
28. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
三、既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
1. remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
3. regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
4. try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
5. mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
6. can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
7. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
8. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
四、接不定式作宾补的35个常用动词
1. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事
4. bear sb. to do sth. 忍耐某人做某事
5. beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
6. cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
7. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
8. drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
9. elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
10. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
11. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
12. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
13. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
14. get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
15. hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌/厌恶某人做某事
16. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
17. intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
18. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
19. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
20. like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
21. mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事
22. need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事
23. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
24. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
25. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
26. prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
27. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
28. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
29. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
30. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉/让某人做某事
31. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
32. trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
33. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
34. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
35. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
五、可接动词原形做宾补的11个动词
1. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
2. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
3. notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
4. observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
5. look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做了某事
6. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做了某事
7. listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做了某事
8. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
10. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
11. feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事
6.分词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词,
详情请参考考点卡片"实义动词的过去分词""实义动词的现在分词"
7.一般将来时的被动语态
【概念】
(1)一般将来时的被动语态:
表示将要发生的被动动作.
(2)被动语态:
被动语态:(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成.
(3)及物动词:
在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.字典里词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.
【结构】
一般将来时的被动语态结构形式:主语+be going to/will/shall(第一人称)+be+及物动词的过去分词.
例:The problem will be discussed one by one at the meeting.
会议上我们将会一个一个的讨论这些问题.
①主语+be going to/will/shall(第一人称)+be+(by+宾语),其中by意为"被…;由…",表动作的执行者.
例:The results of the survey will be published in the newspapers.
调查的结果将会在报纸上被公布.
②其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则.
如:The results of the survey will be published in the newspapers.(肯定式)
The results of the survey will not be published in the newspapers.(否定式)
Will the results of the survey be published in the newspapers?(疑问式)
Yes,they will./No,they won't.
【用法】
(1)一般将来时态,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态.
例:A new school will be built here next year.
明年一所新学校将会在这里建成.
(2)一般将来时,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态.
例:We will invite Mr.Black to our fashion show.(改为被动语态)
Mr.Black will be invited to our fashion show.
分析:布莱克先生将被邀请去我们的时装展.
解答:be invited.主语Mr.Black是动词invite的承受者,构成被动关系,结合时态是一般将来时,故用一般将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词,故答案是be invited.
点评:被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成.被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变.疑问式和否定式的变化也如此.
(3)用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时被动语态.
如:She won't go to the party if she isn't be allowed by his mother.
如果没被妈妈允许,她将不去参加聚会.
【易混淆点】
使用一般将来时被动语态时,易遗漏被动结构中的be.
例如:
[误]A new film will shown at the cinema next week.
[正]A new film will be shown at the cinema next week.
[误]Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year?
[正]Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year?
【解题方法点拨】
①当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,如果题干有时间状语tomorrow明天,the day after tomorrow后天,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening 明天的什么时间,next year/week/month/hour 明年,in+段时间;in the future 未来,this afternoon/Sunday/evening; from now on 从现在开始,one day (未来的)某天;soon不久等.可以根据这些时间状语来确定为一般将来时态的被动语态.
②没有时间状语,则根据语境判断句子时态和语态.
③时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般将来时被动语态,应该注意.
【中考命题方向】
一般将来时态的被动语态,中考英语试题常考,并且是中考考查的重点,经常在单选题,动词应用题,完形填空等题型中出现.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):过去将来时
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2020 安源区二模)﹣﹣﹣I didn't tell my parents I back home.
﹣﹣﹣Wow, it is supposed to be a surprise.( )
A.go B.went C.will go D.would go
2.(2020 宝山区一模)Our class teacher said that we ________ the 3 D Printing Cultural Museum next Thursday.( )
A.visit B.visited
C.will visit D.would visit
3.(2021 江阴市一模)― Surprising? Our women's football team has scored the ticket for Tokyo Olympics!
― Not at all! Even when they fell behind, they still believed they______back.( )
A.come B.came C.will come D.would come
4.(2019 浦东新区模拟)Wendy was considering if she ________ to the manager about the awful food the next day.( )
A.complains B.had complained
C.has complained D.would complain
5.(2021 无锡)The company announced it one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e﹣books.
A.will close B.would close
C.will open D.would open
6.(2020 金山区二模)The delivery man promised that he my takeout(外卖) very soon.( )
A.will deliver B.would deliver
C.are delivering D.were delivering
7.(2019 无锡)﹣﹣﹣Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up.
﹣﹣﹣ That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!( )
A.will attend B.would attend
C.has attended D.had attended
8.(2020 闵行区二模)Dr Nanshan Zhong predicted that the novel coronavirus ( 新冠病毒) outbreak in China______over by this late June.( )
A.has been B.had been C.will be D.would be
9.(2020 青浦区二模)The customer said that he _________ to the manager about their bad service.( )
A.will complain B.would complain
C.has complained D.is complaining
10.(2021 宝山区二模)The manager told us that the company_______ modern robots to do some of the work soon.
A.used B.uses C.will use D.would use
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):过去将来时(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2020 安源区二模)﹣﹣﹣I didn't tell my parents I back home.
﹣﹣﹣Wow, it is supposed to be a surprise.( )
A.go B.went C.will go D.would go
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】我没有告诉我父母我会回家.
哇,这应该是个惊喜.
【解答】根据预测句意"我没有告诉我父母我会回家"和主句是一般过去时可知,宾语从句要用过去将来时,其构成为would do.
故选:D.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
2.(2020 宝山区一模)Our class teacher said that we ________ the 3 D Printing Cultural Museum next Thursday.( )
A.visit B.visited
C.will visit D.would visit
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】我们的班主任说下星期四我们将参观3 D打印文化博物馆.
【解答】考查时态.根据句意"我们的班主任说下星期四我们将参观3 D打印文化博物馆"和时间状语next Thursday以及主句是一般过去时可知,宾语从句要用过去将来时,其构成为would do.
故选:D。
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
3.(2021 江阴市一模)― Surprising? Our women's football team has scored the ticket for Tokyo Olympics!
― Not at all! Even when they fell behind, they still believed they______back.( )
A.come B.came C.will come D.would come
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】﹣令人惊讶吗?我们的女子足球队已经拿到了东京奥运会的门票!
﹣一点也不(惊讶)!甚至当她们落后时,她们仍然相信她们会回来的。
【解答】根据语境及题干关键信息是fell behind知,设空处表示在过去落后时,仍相信会回来,即过去将来时态,因此设空处应用would come符合语境。
故选:D。
【点评】解答此题的关键,根据语境及关键信息词,选择正确的时态。区分一般将来时和过去将来时的区别。
4.(2019 浦东新区模拟)Wendy was considering if she ________ to the manager about the awful food the next day.( )
A.complains B.had complained
C.has complained D.would complain
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】略
【解答】略
故选:D.
【点评】略
5.(2021 无锡)The company announced it one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e﹣books.
A.will close B.would close
C.will open D.would open
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】该公司宣布,由于越来越多的人选择阅读电子书,明年将关闭三分之一的书店。
【解答】分析句子结构可知,announced后跟的是宾语从句,主句是一般过去时,从句应该用过去的某种时态,从句中有the next year,所以要用过去将来时。其结构为would+动词原形。A一般将来时,B过去将来时。结合句意,应该是"明年将关闭三分之一的书店",排除C和D。
故选:B。
【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点,引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手,所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。
6.(2020 金山区二模)The delivery man promised that he my takeout(外卖) very soon.( )
A.will deliver B.would deliver
C.are delivering D.were delivering
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】送外卖的人答应很快给我送外卖.
【解答】考查过去将来时.本句是宾语从句,如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态.本句中promised是一般过去时,因此从句表示将来,用过去将来时would do.
故选:B.
【点评】解答这类试题时,应该充分理解句子的含义,找到解题的依据,根据关键词,找到合适的单词形式,准确解答.
7.(2019 无锡)﹣﹣﹣Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up.
﹣﹣﹣ That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!( )
A.will attend B.would attend
C.has attended D.had attended
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】山姆大叔说他将会参加我的生日聚会,但他没来.
那就是山姆叔叔,他什么都忘!
【解答】根据句意"山姆大叔说他将会参加我的生日聚会,但他没来"可知,要用过去将来时,其构成为would do.
故选:B.
【点评】对时态和语态的考查,要求牢记各种时态和语态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
8.(2020 闵行区二模)Dr Nanshan Zhong predicted that the novel coronavirus ( 新冠病毒) outbreak in China______over by this late June.( )
A.has been B.had been C.will be D.would be
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】钟南山博士预测,中国新型冠状病毒疫情将于今年6月底结束.
【解答】根据Dr Nanshan Zhong predicted,可知主句时态是一般过去时,结合by this late June,可知此句的时态是过去将来时would+动词原形.
故选:D。
【点评】熟悉过去将来时的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
9.(2020 青浦区二模)The customer said that he _________ to the manager about their bad service.( )
A.will complain B.would complain
C.has complained D.is complaining
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】顾客说他要向经理投诉他们的服务太差.
【解答】根据题干,可知是指顾客说他要向经理投诉他们的服务太差.由said可知主句是一般过去时,从句表达的内容是将来时.当主句时态是一般过去时,宾语从句的时态和过去相关,故用过去将来时would+过去分词.
故选:B.
【点评】熟悉过去将来时的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
10.(2021 宝山区二模)The manager told us that the company_______ modern robots to do some of the work soon.
A.used B.uses C.will use D.would use
【考点】过去将来时.
【分析】经理告诉我们,不久,公司会使用现代化的机器人来做一些工作。
【解答】首先,the company_______ modern robots to do some of the work soon是一个宾语从句,句中有soon所以要用将来时;又因为主句是一般过去时,所以从句要用过去将来时。过去将来时的结构是would do。A一般过去时;B一般现在时;C一般将来时;D过去将来时。
故选:D。
【点评】考查句子时态。时态考查的题目需要先找准时间标志词,根据时间标志词判断时态,没有标志词的可以根据翻译判断语境,再根据时态的结构进行选择。
考点卡片
1.过去将来时
【概念】
过去将来时
表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态.
【结构】
①was/were going to+动词原形.
②would/should+动词原形.
【用法】
①"would+动词原形"表示过去将来时,常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事.
例:
He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我.
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京.
②"was /were+going to+动词原形"也可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事.
例:
She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发.
I was told that he was going to return home.他告诉我他准备要回家.
③"was /were+going to+动词原形"还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事.
例:It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨.
④某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时:
come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时.
例:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发.
例:She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我.
⑤特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时,条件状语此句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时.
例:I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你.
分析:第一个when引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个when引导时间状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时.
【易混淆点】
过去将来时和一般将来时:
一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况,而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要发生的情况,所以从理论上说,只要把"考查"的时间从现在移到过去,那么一般将来时的用法就变成了过去将来时的用法.
He says that he won't lend me a penny. 他说他一便士都不愿借给我.
He said that he wouldn't lend me a penny. 他说过他一便士都不愿借给我.
Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚.
Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚.
【解题方法点拨】
①则根据语境判断句子时态.
②根据复合句中宾语从句的用法.
③一般将来时是以现在时间为参照点看将来,过去将来时是以过去某时为参照点看将来.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的辨析用法和常用时态,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时五种时态是考查的重点.近几年,过去将来时的考点较少.过去将来时通常出现在宾语从句的考点中.2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):过去完成时
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 金昌模拟)By the time the teacher came,we ________cleaning the classroom.( )
A.Finished B.have finished
C.had finished D.has finished
2.(2019 浦东新区模拟)The house was quiet when Fiona went home. Everyone ________ to bed.( )
A.goes B.go C.has gone D.had gone
3.(2021 普陀区二模)By seven o'clock this morning, Allen breakfast with his wife.( )
A.will have B.had C.had had D.is having
4.(2019 江西模拟)By the time Tom planned to play computer games, his father ______ home.( )
A.has came B.has comed C.had came D.had come
5.(2020 青浦区一模)By the end of last year, the school football team ________ a gold medal and three silver ones.( )
A.would win B.has won C.will win D.had won
6.(2020 江西模拟)The movie ________ for 10 minutes by the time I got to the cinema yesterday.( )
A.was on B.had been on
C.had begun D.has begun
7.(2019 凤凰县模拟)Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he arrived at the party.( )
A.left B.had left C.will leave
8.(2020 青白江区模拟)﹣Did you see Mr. Brown yesterday afternoon?
﹣No. When I got to school, he_____.( )
A.left B.had left C.has left
9.(2021 岳阳县模拟)When I got to the meeting room ,the report already( )
A.began B.has begun C.had begun
10.(2018 天水)﹣﹣﹣ When will A Bite of China Ⅲ begin tonight?
﹣﹣﹣ It ______ for ten minutes.( )
A.will begin B.has begun
C.will be on D.had been on
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):过去完成时(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021 金昌模拟)By the time the teacher came,we ________cleaning the classroom.( )
A.Finished B.have finished
C.had finished D.has finished
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】老师来的时候,我们已经打扫完了教室。
【解答】By the time表示"当...时候"。根据By the time the teacher came可知教室打扫的时间在"过去的过去",即老师来之前,故用过去完成时态,构成是:had+过去分词。
故选:C。
【点评】此题考查过去完成时态,即"过去的过去",解答时应根据语境及关键信息,分析判断主句动作发生在从句动作之前,方能正确作答。
2.(2019 浦东新区模拟)The house was quiet when Fiona went home. Everyone ________ to bed.( )
A.goes B.go C.has gone D.had gone
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
3.(2021 普陀区二模)By seven o'clock this morning, Allen breakfast with his wife.( )
A.will have B.had C.had had D.is having
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】到今天早上七点,Allen已经和他的妻子一起吃过早餐了。
【解答】根据语境,题干关键信息 seven o'clock this morning(今天早上七点)是表过去的时间,另一关键信息词by表"到……时止",多与完成时态连用;因此设空处应用过去完成时,即"过去的过去",表在早上七点前就吃完早饭了。
故选:C。
【点评】解答此题的关键,应结合语境及题干关键信息词,再选用正确的时态。
4.(2019 江西模拟)By the time Tom planned to play computer games, his father ______ home.( )
A.has came B.has comed C.had came D.had come
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】当汤姆计划玩电脑游戏时,他爸爸已经到家了
【解答】考查过去完成时.根据题意当汤姆计划玩电脑游戏时,他爸爸已经到家了.可知此处表过去完成时,
故选:D。
【点评】熟练掌握过去完成时用法,结合时间状语判断时态
5.(2020 青浦区一模)By the end of last year, the school football team ________ a gold medal and three silver ones.( )
A.would win B.has won C.will win D.had won
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】到去年年底,学校足球队赢得了一枚金牌和三枚银牌.
【解答】根据时间状语by the end of last year,结合句意"到去年年底,学校足球队赢得了一枚金牌和三枚银牌"可知,要用过去完成时,其构成为had done.
故选:D.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
6.(2020 江西模拟)The movie ________ for 10 minutes by the time I got to the cinema yesterday.( )
A.was on B.had been on
C.had begun D.has begun
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】我昨天到电影院时,这部电影已经放映了10分钟.
【解答】A是一般过去时,B是过去完成时,C是过去完成时,D现在完成时;根据时间状语by the time I got to the cinema yesterday可知,主句要用过去完成时,其构成为had done;begin开始,是瞬间动词,在完成时中不能和时间段连用,要用be on替换.
故选:B.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
7.(2019 凤凰县模拟)Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he arrived at the party.( )
A.left B.had left C.will leave
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】汤姆对大多数客人在他到达聚会时已经离开感到失望.
【解答】leave离开,动词;A是一般过去时,B是过去完成时,C是一般将来时;根据时间状语从句when he arrived at the party是一般过去时可知,宾语从句中的主句要用过去完成时,其构成为had done.
故选:B.
【点评】对时态的考查,要求牢记各种时态的构成形式,结合时间状语和上下文的关系,找出正确答案.
8.(2020 青白江区模拟)﹣Did you see Mr. Brown yesterday afternoon?
﹣No. When I got to school, he_____.( )
A.left B.had left C.has left
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】﹣﹣昨天下午你见到布朗先生了吗?
﹣﹣不,当我到学校的时候,他已经离开了.
【解答】根据When I got to school可知"他已经离开了",用过去完成时, 表示"过去的过去".
故选:B.
【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态准确作答.
9.(2021 岳阳县模拟)When I got to the meeting room ,the report already( )
A.began B.has begun C.had begun
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】我到会议室时,报告已经开始了。
【解答】根据句意"我到会议室时,报告已经开始了。"和关键词 got to,可知报告开始的时间在"过去的过去,即在到达前,故用过去完成时态,其构成是:had+过去分词。begin的过去分词为begun。
故选:C。
【点评】掌握动词的意思和用法,把握时态,根据句意选出正确答案。
10.(2018 天水)﹣﹣﹣ When will A Bite of China Ⅲ begin tonight?
﹣﹣﹣ It ______ for ten minutes.( )
A.will begin B.has begun
C.will be on D.had been on
【考点】过去完成时.
【分析】《舌尖上的中国》第三季今晚几点开始?
已经开播10分钟了.
【解答】will begin,意为"将要开始",用于一般将来时;has begun,意为"已经开始",用于现在完成时;will be on,意为"将要开启",用于一般将来时;had been on,意为"过去已经开始了",用于过去完成时.根据句意及常识可知此句应用过去完成时,结构是had+done.
故选:D。
【点评】熟知过去完成时的结构、含义及用法,再结合具体语境,选出合适的选项.
考点卡片
1.过去完成时
【概念】
①过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作.简言之,过去完成时所表示的时间就是"过去的过去".
②概念点拨
过去的过去:是指在过去的某个时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态.
【结构】
过去完成时由"had +动词的过去分词"构成,had用于各种人称和数.
①肯定句:主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他..
②否定句:主语+hadn't(had not)+动词的过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+had.
否定回答:No, 主语+hadn't.
【用法】
①表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即"过去的过去".可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示.
例:By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片.
②表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用.
例:He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作.
③叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.
例:I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课.
④在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时
例:She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了.
⑤过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.
例:I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.
⑥在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示.
例:She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.
⑦动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等.
例:We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你.
⑧过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中.
例:It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了.
【易混淆点】
(1)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关;过去完成时则是一个相对时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调"过去的过去",只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它.
比较:
①I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词.
②I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词.
③﹣ I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了.
④﹣ Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么,我只等了几分钟.("等"的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
(2)过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
①过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即:过去完成时强调"过去的过去",而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态.如:
He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年.(离现在两年)
He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年.(离他说话时两年)
②表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接,此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时.如:
He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品.
【解题方法点拨】
①由时间状语来判定.
②由"过去的过去"来判定.
③根据上、下文来判定.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词的辨析用法和常用时态,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时五种时态是考查的重点.

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