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人教版（2019）选择性必修四
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Reading and Thinking
Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.
What do you see in the picture
What does the picture remind
you of
Look and Discuss
The picture is of a futuristic city. A space vehicle jets above geometrically designed buildings and towers. One building on the left has a landing pad. The colours used and buildings depicted are typical of those used in illustrations in science fiction magazines.
Such kinds of illustrations are in fact the inspirations of actual buildings we can see commonly in many countries today.
Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.
Look and Discuss
What is science fiction
Have you read any science fiction Do you enjoy them Why or why not
What elements does science
fiction usually include
Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.
Look and Discuss
Science fiction, abbreviation SF or sci-fi, is a form of fiction that deals principally with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals.
The themes often include space
exploration, alien contact, AI, and
the future of humans, etc.
Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.
Look and Discuss
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), one of the finest writers of science fiction and scientific fact in the twentieth century.
Today’s science fiction is tomorrow’s science fact.
— Isaac Asimov
今天的科幻小说即明天的科学现实。
—— 艾萨克·阿西莫夫
Read the quote. Do you agree with it Why or why not
Look and Discuss
Do you know Isaac Asimov’s famous predictions in 1983
Read them and state your opinions.
Prediction 1 “Computerisation will undoubtedly continue onward inevitably. Computers have already made themselves essential to the governments of the industrial nations, and to world industry and it is now beginning to make itself comfortable in the home.”
Prediction 2 “With the shuttle rocket as the vehicle, we will build a space station and lay the foundation for making space a permanent home for increasing numbers of human beings. By 2019, we will be back on the moon in force.”
Look and Discuss
Do you know Isaac Asimov’s Laws of Robotics (in the 1940’s) Read them and state your opinions.
Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
Look and Discuss
Law Two: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
第一法则：机器人不得伤害人类，或袖手旁观坐视人类受到伤害；
第二法则：除非违背第一法则，机器人必须服从人类的命令；
第三法则：在不违背第一及第二法则下，机器人必须保护自己。
How do robots already help humans in their lives today
Robots are useful for domestic, commercial, military intelligence and combat purposes.
Activity 1
Robots are performing tasks that are too dangerous for humans like neutralizing bombs.
Robots can help to search for human survivors in insecure ruins.
They can aid in discovering mines and shells.
Robotics is also a teaching aid in STEM, which stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
What is a domestic robot
Name some domestic robots you know or used.
A domestic robot or a service robot is an autonomous robot that is used for household chores. Most of the domestic robots are simplistic, and some are connected to Wi-Fi home networks or the smart environments. They are highly autonomous.
Activity 1
Robot Vacuum
UAV
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
Cyberdog
Read the story below, which was originally written by famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
Take notes on who these people are and their relationships to each other.
Larry Belmont Claire Tony Gladys Claffern
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed. His name was Tony. He seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
[Adapted]
Activity 2
On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity. She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.
Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. Claire went downtown and bought these things. She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. He spoke to the woman, who immediately changed her attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. As
she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship. After all, she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry, not Tony. Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
When Claire got home, she wept. Gladys was everything Claire wished to be. Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready.
Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder. Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. As he held her, she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away, and ran to her room.
The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang.
Read the passage quickly and find out the characters
mentioned in the story and then tell who they are.
Activity 2
Characters Who are they
Larry Belmont
Claire
Tony
Gladys Claffern
Claire’s husband who works for a company that makes domestic robots.
Larry’s wife who has Tony, a domestic robot, in her home for three weeks to take care of her, but then falls in love with him.
A domestic robot made by Larry’s company to take care of Claire.
A wealthy woman whom Claire admires and wants to be.
One Possible Version
The house was perfect, Claire fell into Tony’s arms and the doorbell rang just as her husband entered from the garage door. Larry had come home early.
Tony declared that he loved Claire. Larry, hearing this, raced to take her from Tony’s arms.
“What are you doing, Tony ” yelled Larry.
“I am doing as I am programmed!” answered Tony.
Just then the ladies who had rang the doorbell appeared.
“You didn’t answer the doors, so we just decided to come in,” Gladys said.
“See! I told you! That’s the man she was talking sweetly to!”
How do you think this story will end
Work in groups and come up with an ending.
Activity 3
“Good heavens!” shouted all the ladies.
“He’s no man!” answered Larry. “He’s the robot I designed to take care of Claire. I just never imagined ...”
“A robot, this handsome, this helpful with decorating skills, and housework ” exclaimed one of the ladies.
“I want him!” demanded Gladys.
“I want one too,” shouted all the others.
From that day on, the orders for more Tony’s went on and on. Claire remained stylish, kept a beautiful home, and her husband.
Activity 3
How do you think this story will end
Work in groups and come up with an ending.
［Then the front door bell rang.]
Tony let her go and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realised that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything!
The women were impressed by Claire, the house, and the delicious cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.
Then listen to the rest of the story.
How different is it from your ending
Activity 3
Then she remembered — Tony was just a machine. She shouted “Leave me alone!” and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.
The company was very pleased with Tony’s report on his three weeks with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm when he prevented Claire from falling off a ladder. He had also opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, which would make them envy Claire. But even though Tony had been so clever and caring, he would have to be rebuilt — you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
Claire’s feelings towards Tony changed as the story
developed. Review the story, and then complete the chart.
Activity 4
Occasion Claire ...
1 before he arrived disliked him
2 was alarmed
3 felt embarrassed
4 admired him
5 called him a dear
6 felt his warmth
7 felt being envied
8 cried all night
when she first saw him
when Tony asked if he should help her get dressed
when Tony offered sympathy to her
when he helped her talk to the saleswoman
when she fell and Tony caught and held her
after the ladies saw Tony holding her and speaking to her lovingly through the window
after she remembered he was just a machine and shouted, “Leave me alone!”
Complete the diagram with the similarities and differences between Tony and a human being.
Activity 5
facial expression never changes
Tony
Human being
facial expression changes often
programmed to appear sensitive and caring
can show true sensitivity and care
always the same emotion
emotions can change
smooth hair
offers
sympathy
treats people kindly
warm body
Similarities
Then use the words in the boxes to describe the similarities and differences.
Activity 5
Comparison
the same as similar to
similarly more like
just as in comparison
in the same way
Contrast
different from but
while whereas
although however
on the other hand in contrast
facial expression never changes
Tony
Human being
facial expression changes often
programmed to appear sensitive and caring
can show true sensitivity and care
always the same emotion
emotions can change
smooth hair
offers
sympathy
treats people kindly
warm body
A human being’s facial expression changes often, whereas Tony’s never changes. Although Tony’s actions appeared sensitive and caring, he was just following his programming and these were not real emotions. In contrast to Tony, who never changed from his programming, a human’s emotions can change. However, there are similarities between them. Tony’s smooth hair and warm body are the same as human beings. Tony treats people kindly in the same way. He can offer sympathy just as what we do.
Yes, I do, because the robot thinks and acts like human beings, which can make us forget the differences between robots and human beings. Our love for someone mainly comes from emotion instead of the matter of what we are made of.
Discuss the questions in pairs.
Activity 6
1. Do you think is it possible for a person to love a robot Why
It is possible that robots will be used by human beings as a substitute for human relationships. Certainly, some people are lonely and may find robots comforting, in much the same way people nowadays feel comforted by a pet. Of course, the main advantage of a robot is that a robot can be programmed to always get along with people and never get angry or upset. In this sense, some people may prefer the company of robots to that of human beings because it is easier to get along with a robot than to have to develop a genuine human relationship.
2. What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future
A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house (1) ____________ (test) out. He looked like a real man, tall and handsome with smooth hair (2) ____________ a deep voice.
Not only did he look like a human, but he (3) ____________ (behave) like a real man. He did everything to comfort Claire. He prepared breakfast in (4) ____________ morning. He even tried to help Claire get (5) ____________ (dress), which made Claire feel embarrassed.
When he heard that Claire was not (6) ____________ (satisfy) with her house, he began to improve it. When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady, he helped to improve
(7) ______ (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by (8) ____________ (hold) a party at home.
Tony was only a robot, but he could do and think (9) ____________ (exact) like a real man. He even fell in love with his hostess, Claire, near the end of the test. (10) __________ an excellent science fiction it is!
to be tested
and
behaved
the
dressed
Read the text again and fill in the following blanks.
Exercise
What
satisfied
her
holding
exactly
fiction n. ________________________________
science fiction ________________________________
test out ________________________________
bonus n. ________________________________
more like ________________________________
ridiculous adj. ________________________________
integrity n. ________________________________
小说；虚构的事
意外收获；奖金；红利
愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
检验；测试
更像是；更接近
科幻小说（或影片等）
诚实正直；完整；完好
Words and Phrases
dignity n. __________________________
salary n. __________________________
absurd adj. __________________________
appointment n. __________________________
nail n. __________________ vt. ___________________
saleswoman n. __________________________
guilty adj. __________________________
庄重；庄严；尊严
预约；约会；委任
女售货员；女推销员
荒谬的；荒唐的
指甲；趾甲；钉子
薪水；薪金
内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
Words and Phrases
（用钉子）钉牢；固定
suspend vt. ___________________________________
ladder n. ____________________________________
dismiss vt. ____________________________________
declare vt. ____________________________________
whereas conj. ____________________________________
悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
表明；宣称；公布
然而；但是；尽管
让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除
梯子；阶梯
Words and Phrases
integrity
1. n. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles 诚实；正直
personal/professional/artistic integrity 个人的/职业上的/艺术家的诚实正直
to behave with integrity 行为表现诚实正直
2. (formal) the state of being whole and not divided 完整；完好
to respect the territorial integrity of the nation 尊重该国的领土完整
重点单词
guilty
1. adj. ~ (about sth) feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done 感到内疚的；感到惭愧的
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
John had a guilty look on his face.
约翰脸上显出惭愧的表情。
I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.
我问心有愧，睡不着觉。
guilty
2. adj. ~ (of sth) having done sth illegal; being responsible for sth bad that has happened 犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence.
陪审团裁决被告无罪。
He pleaded guilty to murder.
他承认犯有谋杀罪。
IDIOMS
A guilty secret a secret that sb feels ashamed about 见不得人的秘密
dismiss
1. vt. ~ sb/sth (as sth) to decide that sb/sth is not important and not worth thinking or talking about 不予考虑；摒弃；对……不屑一提
I think we can safely dismiss their objections.
我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。
The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand (= without thinking about it).
这建议不应当直接就被摒弃。
dismiss
2. vt. ~ sth (from sth) to put thoughts or feelings out of your mind 去除，消除，摒除（思想、感情等）
Dismissing her fears, she climbed higher.
她排除了恐惧，爬得更高了。
He dismissed her from his mind.
他挥去了对她的思念。
dismiss
3. vt. ~ sb (from sth) to officially remove sb from his/her job 解雇；免职；开除
She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
她声称自己被无理免职。
4. vt. to send sb away or allow them to leave 让（某人）离开；把（某人）打发走；解散
At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.
12点下课了。
declare
1. vt. to say sth officially or publicly 公布；宣布；宣告
Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.
德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。
2. vt. to state sth firmly and clearly 表明；宣称；断言
He declared his intention to become the best golfer in the world.
他表明了要成为世界上最佳高尔夫球手的意愿。
PHRASAL VERBS
*declare against sb/sth 声明反对；表示不赞成
*declare for sb/sth 声明支持；表示赞成
近义词辨析
declare state indicate announce
1. declare
(rather formal) to say sth officially or publicly; to state sth firmly and clearly
指公布、宣布、表明、宣称：
to declare war 宣战
2. state
(rather formal) to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way
指陈述、说明、声明：
He has already stated his intention to run for election. 他已声明打算参加竞选。
3. indicate
(rather formal) to state sth, sometimes in a way that is slightly indirect
指表明、暗示：
During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.
在我们会晤期间，他提及了合作的意愿。
4. announce
to tell people officially about a decision or plans; to give information about sth in a
public place, especially through a loudspeaker; to say sth in a loud and/or serious
way 指宣布、宣告、（通过广播）通知：
They haven’t formally announced their engagement yet.
他们还没有正式宣布订婚。
declare or announce
Declare is used more often for giving judgement;
declare较常用于表明意见、看法；
Announce is used more often for giving facts.
announce较常用于说明事实。
1 It (The household robot) was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
译文：家用机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。
分析：该句为被动语态的过去将来进行时。主语It (The household robot)与谓
语动词test out是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态。
长难句
2 Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would
be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the
robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
译文：克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，
但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。
分析：该句为由but连接的复合句。but前面的句子，是as引导的时间状语从
句。but后面的句子中，persuade+sb(间接宾语)+that引导的宾语从句(直
接宾语)。
3 Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it
was disturbing.
译文：现在，她正由一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照料着，这很令人不安。
分析：该句为由and连接的复合句。and前面的句子为被动语态的过去进行时。
主语she为动作的承受者，a robot是动作的发出者，故谓语动词用被动
语态。被动语态的过去进行时中的谓语动词部分由“was/were+being+
动词过去分词”构成。
4 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a
robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to
trust him.
译文：克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的
智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
分析：but前面的句子中，谓语动词thought后面为省略了连接词(that)的宾语
从句。该从句中，it作为形式主语，that引导的主语从句放在句尾。
主语从句的时态为被动语态的过去进行时。
5 As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of
things that he would need for his work on the house.
译文：由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需
材料的清单。
分析：该句为as引导的原因状语从句。从句中主语he与谓语动词allowed是被
动关系，故用被动语态。主句中，that引导的定语从句解释说明先行
词things。
6 By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely
transformed, would be ready.
译文：到那个时候，托尼预计这栋正在彻底改造的房子将大功告成。
分析：该句主句“Tony expected that the house would be ready.”中包含that引
导的宾语从句。其中有which引导的非限制性定语从句，用来解释说
明先行词the house。该从句时态为被动语态的过去进行时。先行词在
从句中作主语，与谓语动词transform为被动关系，故用被动语态。
Thank You

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