资源简介

高考前六选四总复习
解题策略一
1. 略读文章抓大意
即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～7秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
2. 重点阅读上下句
语篇选项注意上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。
3. 看看结构变轻松
在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在6个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更轻松，一般可将6个选项缩小到2～3个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。
(1)标题结构
如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。
(2)句子结构
如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。
4. 词语复现显神功
作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而六选四正是考查语篇衔接。
5. 代词逻辑亦管用
六选四就是考查语篇上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。
6. 篇章需要基本功
有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。
解题策略二
T1：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...
T2：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，as well也等。
T3：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
T4：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。
T5：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先；第一, second 第二, third第三……;；firstly 第一, 首先, secondly 第二；其次, thirdly 第三……； first 第一, next 其次, then 那么, 然后……;；in the first place 第一，首先, in the second place 第二, 其次……； for one thing 首先，一则, for another thing其次……；to begin with 首先，第一, to conclude 最后，总之等。
T6：从词汇线索上判断---代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
T7：从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
T8：从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
T9：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
T10：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
实战演练：
(1)
Small markets are an important part of South Africa’s economy. These businesses offer jobs in a country with unemployment rate of at least 25 percent. But immigrant-owned and international businesses are increasing their share of South African markets, which has hurt local traders who run little shops called Spazas.
John Stheole has owned his Spaza for more than ten years. It is a small grey building in Dube village, in the Soweto area of the capital Johannesburg. ___1___
Spaza means “just getting buy”. The shops are found in non-white communities where larger, more official stores are not available or are too costly. There are about 100,000 Spazas in South Africa, they employ 290,000 people. But few have paid attention to the part these stores can play in creating jobs.
Research shows that what is called the formal sector in Africa is very large. ___2___ Last year, the African Development Bank said the informal sector provides about 55 percent of the economic productivity of African countries south of the Sahara desert.
But business has been slow for Mr. Stheole. ___3___ “I must say, I am struggling...,” said Stheole.
South Africa is the only country in the area where refugees and asylum?seekers can move freely, and have the right to work. South Africa is the only hope of living and working in peace for people who have fled countries like Somalia and Zimbabwe.
But reduced profits for native traders and high unemployment rates have caused tensions in the country. ___4___ Some also believe immigrants hurt South African shopkeepers by selling goods at lower prices. In September, more than 100 Somali-owned Spazas were attacked during four days of unrest in the city of Port Elizabeth.
(2)
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. ___1___
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
___2___ They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. ___3___ The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. ___4___
(3)
Premature birth is the biggest killer of children worldwide. About one million babies around the world die of problems that strike because they are born too early. Many of these babies could have been saved with it.
Weak or sick newborns can be cared for in an incubator (恒温箱) for special protection and treatment until they are stronger. ___1___ A young British researcher says he has found a solution—a low-cost inflatable incubator.
Doctors say many expectant mothers in developing countries give birth to babies too soon, especially in refugee camps. They say the premature births happen because the mothers have poor nutrition and live in unhealthy conditions.
___2___ Undeveloped lungs make them more likely to develop deadly infections. If placed in an incubator, they can continue to develop in a warm, controlled environment.
However, one incubator costs about $50,000. Some hospitals in developing nations are unable to pay for the devices.
But 23-year-old design engineering student James Roberts says his inflatable incubator may help solve this problem. He calls the incubator MOM. “It’s basically an insulated piece of air, so it’s like the difference between double and single glazing. ___3___”
The MOM incubator is collapsible. When folded, the device looks like an ordinary travel bag. James Roberts developed the idea for the incubator after watching a documentary film on events in Syria. He says he wanted to find a way to help premature babies in developing countries.
James Roberts found a way to provide power to his incubator design. Power failures happen often in refugee camps. ___4___ The incubator can run for 24 hours until main power sources return.
参考答案：
(1) 1-4 CADF
(2) 1-4 BDCF
(3) 1-4 CAFE

展开更多......

收起↑