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2022中考专项复习专题：介词及介词短语
考点：
1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；
2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
介词
介词定义：在语法里是一个用来表现一个字的文法功能的词汇或字缀。介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
中考主要考察时间介词、地点介词、方式介词及介词短语。
1、时间介词= 介词加“时间”：
in/at/on 比较重要
第一阶段：
at+点时间，最小的时间就是几点几分，比如7：00-at seven，比如9：15-at a quarter past nine
on+天时间，比点时间大，就是哪一天，比如2008年8月8日-on August 8th, 2008。比如在星期一-on Monday
in+短时间，最大的时间，是指一个时间段，什么几天啦，几星期啦，几个月啊，几年啦，还有在春夏秋冬四个季度啦，比如in spring。
第二阶段：三长两短
“三长”指3个长单词（morning，afternoon， evening），他们前面用in the，比如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening。
"两短"指2个短单词（night，noon），他们前面用at，比如at noon，at night。
第三阶段：三长两短被修饰
是指morning，afternoon，evening，night，noon这5个单词，只要被修饰，不管是星期一的早晨，晴朗的早晨，总之被修饰了，都用on，比如on Monday morning，比如on a sunny morning。
in, after 在……之后 (看到will，看是时间点还是时间段)
“in＋时间段”用于将来时之中；“after＋时间段”用于过去时态之中；“after＋时间点”既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。
如： Jim will go to Beijing in five days. 吉姆五天后会去北京。
Jim went to Beijing after five days. 五天后，吉姆去了北京。
Jim will go to Beijing after five o’clock. 吉姆会在五点钟后去北京。
2、地点介词= at/in/on+地点.
1)at 接小地点或较具体的位置”。at home/ at the station
如：He arrived at school at 8 o’clock. 他8点钟到学校
2)in接在大地点 in China; in the world ;
如：He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. （较大地点）
3)on表在一个平面上 on the farm
3、表示方式的介词 with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with表示 “用…”一般指有形的工具 / 手段 /人体器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife . 注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in
a)表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料..
Can you say it _____English / He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
b)以…方式in this way 用这种方法 behave in a polite way
c)也可表交通方式travel in a car d)“穿着” in red穿红色的衣服
3.by
a)表示乘坐交通工具,travel by bus
b)以……方式、方法或手段 I study for a test _____ working with a group .
4.on
a)通过study on the air/radio通过广播学习
b)乘坐on a bus/ on a bike
其他介词区分：
across/through
①across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
②through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
with/ without
1).with具有,带有 反义词: without 没有
词组:with the help of = with one’s help 反义词：without one’s help
2).without的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth . He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye” to us
C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
Be made +介词的区别:
be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)；be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)
be made in +地点由哪儿生产； be made by sb. 由某人制造
必背介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2at last 最后
3 at first 起先，首先 4at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35in public 公众，公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39in the end 最后，终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
培优拓展：
常用介词基本用法辨析
表示方位的介词：in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。
表示计量的介词：at, for, by
1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。　
3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。
They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of 成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from 成品已看不出原料。
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。
Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。
表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on
1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。
I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on 表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
表示关于的介词：of, about, on
1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
Can you tell me something about yourself 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗？
3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
1. for 表示原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at 指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”。
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from 指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
4. of 指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
6. by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
8. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。
Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of 表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。
He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。
表示好像或当作的介词：like, as
1. like表示“像……一样”，其实不是。
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
2. as表示“作为，以……身份”，其实也是。
He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示“好像……”。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
表示支持或反对的介词：against, for
against 反对，for支持，互为反义词。
Are you for my idea or against it 你赞同还是反对我的想法？
表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”。
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影（共计31人去）。
He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。
All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（他不是日本人）
注意：
(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besides。
He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正。
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。
(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)但except for 有时也可代替 except，特别是在句首时，因为 except 是不能用于句首的。
Except for George, you can all go. 除乔治外，你们都可以去。
题型拓展
一、单项选择
1．(2020·辽宁铁岭中考)Don't use your mobile phone when you go ________ the road. It's dangerous.
A．through B．over C．into D．across
2．(2020·贵州黔南中考)There is going to be an English movie in our school ________ the evening of June 20.
A．at B．in C．for D．on
3．(2020·上海中考)Mr Smith always encourages his students to be active ________class.
A．in B．by C．with D．from
4．(2021·原创)All the clerks went home ________ Paul Smith because he had to finish his work.
A．but B．except C．with D．besides
5．(2020·云南昆明中考)My hometown, Kunming, is famous ________ fresh flowers. No matter when you visit it, they will catch your eye.
A．as B．for C．of D．by
6．(2020·江苏镇江中考)China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite Centre ________ June 23, 2020.
A．at B．in C．to D．on
7．(2021·原创)—Because of our government, we can have a new library next week.
—That's great! So we can read books there ________ a month.
A．in B．before C．by D．until
8．(2020·湖北黄石中考)More and more people in Huangshi choose to go to work ________ bike.
A．in B．with C．on D．by
9．(2019·河南商丘模拟)When you're invited to have dinner at home by an American friend, you should be ________ or a little later. It's different from our Chinese custom.
A．on time B．on business C．on show D．on purpose
10．(2020·内蒙古包头中考)—Hello, my name is John Smith. And I'm calling to ask about the position in your school.
—Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk ________ us.
A．with B．about C．through D．away
11．(2019·江苏江阴一中期中)We started out in early spring and headed west ________ the northern part of Asia.
A．through B．between C．among D．across
12．(2020·辽宁盘锦中考)If success is a gate, the road ________ it must be made up of difficulties.
A．towards B．against C．opposite D．near
13．(2020·江苏泰州中考)—Andy practised hardest among us and he won first prize in the competition.
—A dream can't come true ________ hard work.
A．by B．across C．over D．without
14．(2019·云南曲靖马龙通泉中学模拟)—To leave or to stay You must make a choice.
—OK. I know I can't stand ________ the two ideas.
A．among B．between C．with D．against
二、语法选择
(2021·广东模拟改编)There were lots of young heroes in the past all around the world. 1 them, some had made history with their important inventions.
The state flag of Alaska was designed by 13 year old Bennie Benson 2 1926. His was chosen from a flag designing competition. It became the official flag in 1959.
Frank Epperson invented the popsicle(冰棍) in 1905 when he was only 11 years old. It was called the Epsicle 3 that time. Frank left his drink 4 the door overnight with a stick in it. That night the temperature dropped and everything was frozen including Frank's drink. That didn't stop him 5 tasting it, so today we have popsicles to eat.
In 1642, Blaise Pascal designed the first counting machine when he was 18. The machine was designed 6 his father, a tax(税) collector, to make his job easier. Blaise named it “the Pascaline”. He made 7 50 of them, but nobody was interested in it. People thought it would take jobs away 8 them. 300 years went by, and the calculator(计算器) finally became a success. In 1968, the programming language, PASCAL, was named after him.
1．A.Between B．During C．Among D．Without
2．A.in B．with C．on D．of
3．A.at B．from C．for D．after
4．A.inside B．outside C．as D．about
5．A.into B．against C．from D．through
6．A.for B．by C．to D．at
7．A.before B．about C．until D．except
8．A.from B．over C．under D．below
三、短文填空
(2021·黑龙江龙东农垦、森工中考改编)Jane works as a secretary(秘书) in a small office. Her boss, 1.________ kind, is sometimes a bit foolish. He likes to keep lots of plants 2.________ front of their office to attract customers.
It seems to work, since Jane is often busy greeting new customers. Nearly every customer likes to take a look 3.________ the colourful plants.
One of Jane's other responsibilities is to water 4.________ plants. This is one of her favourite jobs to do 5.________ the office, as it allows her to spend some time outside away 6.________ her desk. She does it every morning 7.________ starting the rest of her work day.
One afternoon, her boss came 8.________ to her desk and kindly asked her to water the plants, as she hadn't done it yet that day.
“But sir, it's been raining 9.________ all morning...” she said.
“Oh! I see, that explains it. Well here then, you can take my umbrella while you water them，” the boss 10.________．
22022年广东省中考英语复习语法精练：介词和介词短语----- 参考答案
一、1～4 DDAB　5～9 BDADA　10～14 ADADB
二、1～5 CAABC　6～8 ABA
三、1.although　2.in　3.at　4.the　5.around　6.from
7．before　8.over　9.outside　10.replied
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