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高二—人教版选修二—英语—第三单元
Food and Culture
Lesson 4 Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives
You are expected to:
discover and grasp the form and rules of past perfect tense and past perfect passive voice;
learn about the function through practice;
talk about something using past perfect tense and its passive voice.
1. Hong Kong ___________ (return) to China in 1997.
returned
2. Macao ___________ (return) to China in 1999.
returned
3. Hong Kong _________________ (return) to China before Macao
came back.
had returned
过去完成时 past perfect tense
图片来自网络
图片来自网络
Past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past. So it is used in a background of past.
1. What is past perfect tense
过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。→“过去的过去”
Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.
present
past
past perfect
2. Structure of past perfect tense
① 否定句：
Hong Kong hadn’t returned to China before Macao came back.
② 一般疑问句：
Had Hong Kong returned to China before Macao came back
Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.
肯定句：
Sb. had done sth.
否定句：
Sb. hadn’t done sth.
一般疑问句：
Had sb. done sth.？
3. Usage of past perfect tense
e.g. I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
① 有时间状语before/by (the end of)+过去时间点时。
e.g. I had intended to visit him yesterday but I wasn’t able to
make it.
② 用于hope, intend, mean, plan, think等动词表示未实现的愿望时。
e.g. It was the first time that I had made such a mistake.
It was two years since he had left his hometown.
③ 句型It / This / That was + the 序数词 + time + that从句；
句型It was +一段时间+ since从句。
e.g. Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience.
④ 句型Hardly...when或No sooner...than...等固定句型中。
We had got to the station before it rained.
Translation
1. 下雨之前我们就去到了车站。
We had planned to buy a house in Guangzhou, but it proved to
be a dream.
2. 我们本来打算在广州买房，但最后只是一场梦。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
3. 我一回到家就开始下雨。
1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new
cookbook was published.
A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his
new cookbook was published.
Look at the two pairs of sentences, and pay attention to the meaning and use of the words in red.
2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.
过去完成时被动语态 past perfect passive voice
Active Voice Passive Voice
肯定 had done
否定 hadn’t done
疑问 Had ... done ...
had been done
hadn’t been done
Had ... been done ...
Structure of past perfect tense passive voice
1) Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in
America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
2) When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a
good place to eat in Beijing.
3) A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally,
we found it.
4) Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to
order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever
eaten.
1. Find more sentences using the past perfect tense and the past perfect
passive voice from the passage in Page 26 of textbook.
Practice
2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words.
1) The tickets _______________ (sell) out before I came to the cinema.
2) By the end of last year, we _______________ (produce) 20,000 cars.
3) He ____________ (tell) many times not to be late.
4) We _________________ (warn) to be careful of rats.
5) A power station _______________ (set) up in their hometown.
6) The train _______________ (leave) before we reached the station.
7) 100 tractors __________________ (produce) by the end of last year.
8) When the police arrived, the thieves _______________ (run) away.
9) She told us that the meeting ____________________ (cancel).　
10) The car _______________ (drive) away this morning.
had been sold
had produced
had been told
had been warned
had been set
had left
had been produced
had run
had been canceled
had been driven
3. Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.
arrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell
1) Carol: _____ you ever ______ any Scottish food before your trip to St. Andrews last year
Paul: No, not really. But I ____________ about haggis many times before we went there.
Had
tasted
had been told
n.羊杂碎肚
Carol: Oh…Did you try it
Paul: Oh, yes! You know what We _________ late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. We ___________ our meal before we learnt we _____ just ______ haggis!
Carol: My goodness!
Paul: Well, it was not bad. I have to say…
arrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell
arrived
had finished
had
eaten
2) Carol: When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. _____ it ______________
Paul: Oh, I’m so sorry that I forgot to tell you! The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally, the hostess, ___________ into a car accident.
Carol: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon!
Had
been cancelled
had got
arrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell
4. Read the situations and rewrite the sentences using the given words.
Example
He couldn’t take out his card. He called the bank about the broken ATM. (swallow)
The ATM had swallowed his card./His card had been swallowed by the ATM.
The supermarket had sold out the grass-fed beef. /The grass-fed beef had been sold out.
1. When my mum got to the supermarket, there was no grass-fed beef left.
(sell out)
2. It was my first time to hear somebody sing the song, so I knew nothing
about it. (hear)
3. I got to the food market, but it was closed. I didn’t know about the new
opening time. (change)
4. Linda has become slimmer since last summer. She used the vegetarian
recipes from the website. (follow)
I had never heard the song before./ The song had never been heard before by me.
The food market had changed its opening time. /The opening time of the food market had been changed.
Linda had followed the vegetarian recipes from the website./ The vegetarian recipes from the website had been followed by her.
5. Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations, and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences.
1. When I set off for the cafeteria…
…I had just finished my homework.
…I had ordered a taxi online.
…the windows had been closed.
…the light had been switched off.
2. Before he went into the chocolate factory…
… I had drunk too much soda pop.
… I had eaten too much cake.
… we had been given many samples.
…I had been made very sick.
3. By the time I arrived at the “insect” party…
…the insects had all escaped.
…the insects had scattered everywhere in the room.
…the insects had all been collected in a bottle.
…the insects had been fried up for eating.
6. Work in groups. Continue making sentences with the tips of the following sentence as follows. Try to use different linking words from the former sentence.
T: When I set off for the cafeteria, I had just finished my homework.
S1: Before I finished my homework, I had called Tom.
S2: By the time I called Tom, his house had been broken into.
S3: Hardly had his house been broken into when he called the police.
S4: It was the first time that he had called the police.
Homework:
Use the past perfect tense and its passive voice to talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of your own (at least 5 sentences).
Thank you for listening!

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