资源简介

(共41张PPT)
完形填空
解题指导
目录
content
二、 解题步骤
四、 实战演练
五、 学习迁移
一、 完形分析
三、 解题策略
一
完形分析
◆语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等；
◆语篇知识的理解、文体特征的把握；
◆对时事政治等的关注
【考查方向】
讲述了作者住酒店时，香肠招来海鸥的故事。
叙述了作者做护士期间遇到一个女病人，发生的故事。
讲述了作者勤劳吃苦，暑期打工的故事。
2021年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷、新高考I卷
考点层次指从四个备选项中选择正确的或最佳的词填空时，词的取舍受什么层次影响。
完形填空的考点可归为四个层次：
单词层次(word)、短语层次(phrase)、句子层次(sentence)、语篇层次(discourse)
重视上下文语境；对语言有整体感知的能力！
动词(8题）
动作线（动作链）--逻辑关系
P1. worked…
P2. 41 little bunny cakes
45 minimum wage
see how a factory 46
P3. place—attach—apply— 49
P4.
54
53
55
以2021年新高考I卷为例
C/B/A/D/ C/B/D/D
动词短语辨析
独立主格（37）
所有词组都是在具体语境中设题。
2021年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷、新高考I卷短语考查
“The seagulls immediately went ___32___. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to get out at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere.
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
…“I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had ___38___ caused and to ask you to ___39___ my lifetime ban from the hotel.” （2021年甲卷）
And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon put to test. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. （2021年乙卷）
Our ____48____ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____49____ bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sounds. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. (新高考I卷)
二
解题步骤
【1】速读全文，把握大意
（1）关注文章首句和尾句；
（2）初选出部分题目答案。
解题步骤
【2】瞻前顾后，先易后难
（1）先解决简单题，遇到没有把握的，暂时跳过。
（2）仔细推敲，着眼好3个点：句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次；关注上下文和语境。
解题步骤
【3】全文贯通，调整答案
（1）进一步通读全文，核实所选答案是否合乎逻辑，上下文是否连贯。
（2）检查语法、词汇、惯用法等。
解题步骤
三
解题策略
01
02
03
04
1.词汇线索
2.上下文线索
3.逻辑关系
4.背景知识
解题策略
例1. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a neat, hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he settled in the street…Attracted by the ____ , the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured(修整的) garden.
A. office clerk B. fashion designer C. landscape gardener D. street cleaner
例2. Over the loudspeakers, we were told the plane was ready to leave and were asked to walk out to it. Everybody moved quickly in order to get the seats they wanted. I was unable to get a seat near the tail, but the plane looked strong inside than it did from outside. I fastened my seat belt before we took off and tried to forget my nervousness.
After an hour’s flying I noticed black clouds ahead through my window. My ______ immediately returned.
A. sadness B. forgetfulness C. nervousness D. excitement
词汇线索—原词复现
C
C
有时为了表达需要，在上下文中同一个单词会重复出现。
例1. To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings __44__ among other paintings out there Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator （上海市2019届高三一模）
44. A. unique B. superior C. practical D. reliable
例2. When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, wrong number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special. (2018年全国III卷)
42. A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed
词汇线索—同义词复现
A
A
借助意思相同的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。
例1. We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be kind to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are ____ wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.
A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly
例2. For any, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source of temptation. But the __16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018年北京卷)
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort
词汇线索—近义词复现
C
C
借助意思相近的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。
例1. Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy. Molai built at the __33__ of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip on the plants below.（2020山东高考）
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
例2. Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove bunny from the belt. This was __50__ than it sounds.（2021年全国新高考I卷）
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
词汇线索—反义词复现
B
A
语意的连贯有时是通过采用反义复现形成对比的手段体现的，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，同学们可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
补充：完形填空涉及对熟词生义、一词多义的适度考查
例1. Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different __42__ of gratitude(感谢). 【2021年全国乙卷】
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
例2. The game was between New Rochelle and Yonkers High. It was well played and __24__ contested. When there were only 30 seconds left, Yonkers was leading by one point.
【2022福建泉州1月监测】
24. A. successfully B. seriously C. closely D. eagerly
A
C
例1. Finally, for many editors, ______ is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That’s why the stories in Tokyo’s newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cario, New York.
A. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarity
例2. ……The logic behind cultivating customer loyalty is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to keeping them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. Established customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price sensitive, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it ______ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient
二、关注上下文线索
D
B
例1. People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have __1__ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children.
A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive
例2. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __58__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in huge profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary
三、逻辑关系
B
A
三、Logic relationship逻辑关系
and, or, not only…but also, In addition, on top of...
thus, therefore, so, hence…..
For example, For instance, such as, like, that is….
but, however, yet, still, instead, though, even though, despite, in spite of,…
parallel & progressive并列递进
example&explanation
举例说明
cause and effect
因果关系
adversative
让步转折
例1. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the day time. He turned to the __29__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.(2020年山东卷)
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
例2. My dad chose a 16-mile section of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To __45__ , we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. （福建省福州市2021-2022高三期中联考）
45. A. prepare B. register C. cooperate D. participate
例3. Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have matured and I admit responsibility of my actions,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, __37__, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”（2021年全国甲卷完形）
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
运用背景知识
A
C
C
背景知识、生活常识在解答完形填空时也发挥着一定作用。
完形填空语篇中渗透着文学、科技、历史、地理、风土人情等。
四
实战演练
Q1.What does the passage mainly talk about
Rene Compean got lost in Angeles National Forest and was finally rescued with the help of Kuo with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye.
【一】读全文、明大意
Q2. What should we pay attention to when doing a cloze test
【二】品语境、析逻辑
情节线（动作线5）：
Rene Compean
P1. Got lost;
P2. (phone) __24__
P3. Climbed—texted—attached—waited—hoped— __27__ —kept
Kuo -- a __35__ to Rene Compean
Loves __30__ (places to take photos)
Saw—pulled up—__31__ —compared—__32__ —tightened
情感线：
Confident; (no stranger)
Concerned; (challenge a __21__ path)
(Faded into dusk) __22__ ;
Relieved.
【三】依常识，定答案
五
学习迁移
1. 自主梳理答案
2. 自主拓展词汇
3. 自主改编语篇
4. 自主尝试命题
题号 考点（v n adj adv Phrases ） 考点层次（句内？句组？语篇层次？）
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
自主梳理答案
深入理解语篇考点
题号 考点 考点层次
21
22
24
答案分析
动词词义辨析
名词词义辨析
句组层次。考查上下文联系及die熟词生义(停止运行)。
形容词词义辨析
句组层次。考查上下文逻辑关系(But)。
句内层次。考查常识，由concern-fear。
题号 考点 考点层次
21 形容词词义辨析 句组层次。考查上下文关系。
22 名词词义辨析 句内层次。考查常识。
23 名词词义辨析 句组层次。考查上下文关系。
24 动词词义辨析 句组层次。考查语境及上下文关系，考查熟词生义。
25 名词词义辨析 句组层次。考查上下文联系，考查熟词生义。
26 名词词义辨析 语篇层次。考查语篇情境里的名词使用。
27 动词词义辨析 句内层次。考查上下文情境。
28 形容词词义辨析 句内层次。考查常识。
29 副词词义辨析 句内层次。考查常识。
30 动词短语词义辨析 句间层次。考场上下文关系。
31 动词词义辨析 句间层次。考查上下文关系。
32 动词词义辨析 句内层次。考查上下文情境。
33 形容词词义辨析 语篇层次。考查上下段联系。
34 名词词义辨析 句间层次。考查上下文关系。
35 名词词义辨析 语篇层次。考查语篇情境里名词的使用。
答案分析
中文 英文 自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）
减弱 fade fade v. 变淡，衰落；fade away 逐渐消逝
自主拓展词汇
夯实词汇基础
中文 英文 自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）
减弱 fade fade v. 变淡，衰落；fade away 逐渐消逝
mechanic
spot
narrow
release
tighten
confusion
signal
shot
词汇迁移
mechanics n.力学; the mechanics 手段
spot v. 发现； n. 斑点；污渍；疱疹；on the spot 当场；在现场
narrow adj.勉强的；目光短浅的；narrow v. 使窄小；narrowly adv.勉强地，狭隘地
a narrow escape 九死一生
release v. 免除；公开；发布 release n. 解脱；发行；排放；set…free
tight adj. 牢固的；严厉的；拮据的 tightly adv. 紧紧地；紧密地
confuse v. 使困惑；confused adj.困惑的；confusing adj. 令人困惑的
in confusion局促不安
signal v.发信号；示意；表明，暗示
shot n. 开枪；投球；镜头；尝试 shoot-shot-shot
机修工
释放
使狭窄
地点，场所
困惑
使变紧
信号
照片
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. But after challenging a(n) new path last April, the 45-year-old mechanic was lost.
As the day faded into dusk, his concern turned to pean climbed to a spot with one bar of signal. “I’m lost. SOS. My phone is going to die.” He texted the police, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs surrounded by an endless landscape of rocks and plants.
All Compean could do then was wait and hope. The temperature was dropping fast. After spotting two mountain lions and a bear, he kept a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came close.
Kuo, then 47, works in the tech industry, and always loves looking for where photos are taken. When he saw the image of Compean’s legs released on the Twitter, he pulled up a satellite map. He narrowed his search to the surrounding area after knowing Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’s not really any green valleys on the north side.” That finding tightened his search, and finally the locations matched! Soon, Compean was saved.
Compean’s story probably would have ended very differently, had a stranger with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail not taken action.
自主改编语篇
改编成语法填空
语法填空的体裁：说明文或记叙文；篇幅：210词左右。
重视高阶思维能力和辩证思维能力的考查。更加关注“语篇”。
Rene Compean was no stranger ___1___ Angeles National Forest. ___2___ after challenging a(n) new path last April, the 45-year-old mechanic was lost.
As the day faded into dusk, his concern turned to pean climbed to a spot with one bar of signal. “I’m lost. SOS. My phone is going to die.” He texted the police, ___3___ (attach) a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs surrounded by ___4___ endless landscape of rocks and plants.
All Compean could do then was wait and hope. The temperature was dropping fast. After spotting two mountain lions and a bear, he kept a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came ___5___ (close) .
Kuo, then 47, works in the tech industry, and always loves looking for ___6___ photos are taken. When he saw the image of Compean’s legs ___7___ (release) on the Twitter, he pulled up a satellite map. He narrowed his search to the ___8___ (surround) area after knowing Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’s not really any green ___9___ (valley) on the north side.” That finding tightened his search, and finally the locations matched! Soon, Compean ___10___ (save).
Compean’s story probably would have ended very differently, had a stranger with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail not taken action.
语篇迁移
改编成语法填空
1.介词
2.连词
3.非谓语
4.冠词
5.副词
6.连词
7.非谓语
8.形容词
9.名词复数
10.动词语态及主谓一致
自主尝试命题
(P3) All Compean could do then was wait and hope. The temperature was dropping fast. After spotting two mountain lions and a bear, he kept a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came close.
(P4) Kuo, then 47, works in the tech industry, and always loves looking for where photos are taken. When he saw the image of Compean’s legs released on the Twitter, he pulled up a satellite map. He narrowed his search to the surrounding area after knowing Compean’s car was parked near Buckhorn Campground. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’s not really any green valleys on the north side.” That finding tightened his search, and finally the locations matched! Soon, Compean was saved.
从“上下文”和“逻辑关系”两个角度自主命制至少两道题目。
1. A. even though B. in case C. owing to D. shortly after
2. A. applauded B. downloaded C. highlighted D. released
3. A. counted B. equaled C. matched D. responded
in case
released
matched
总结
Summary
二、 解题步骤
四、 实战演练
五、 学习迁移
一、 完形分析
三、 解题策略
Thanks

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