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北京市东城区2022届高三查漏补缺英语试卷
英 语
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It Only Takes One
I was that girl you would see alone.
I’d sit alone on the bus, at a table in the lunchroom and the library. I loved reading, but I knew it was my 1 , a way to look busy and not like I was being alone. I didn’t want to appear as though I had no 2 —which was basically true.
One morning, as usual, when getting on a bus, I got out my 3 and put my head down. Then, I heard someone ask if I minded her sitting next to me. I 4 , and there stood a girl I didn’t know. She looked nervous as she introduced herself. Her name was Jane. She was new to the neighborhood, and this was her first day at school. That day at lunch, when she 5 me in the lunchroom, she hurried over and sat down.
In the following weeks, it wasn’t just Jane who looked to see if she could sit next to me—I looked for her, too. Little by little, we began to talk about school and other things and, 6 , ourselves. We soon became best friends.
Isn’t it amazing how overnight your life can 7 I feel so different now. It only 8 one other person to make you feel as though you are no longer 9 .
I no longer hide behind books—although I am still an enthusiastic reader. Jane also loves books, so we go to the library together, check out books, and 10 back and forth when we finish reading them. Then we take them back to the library and check out new ones. Amazing! Just one other person makes you feel like you are really important.
1. A. hobby B. cover C. task D. chance
2. A. goals B. interests C. choices D. friends
3. A. bag B. coat C. book D. phone
4. A. looked up B. looked down C. looked back D. looked ahead
5. A. seized B. supported C. spotted D. sought
6. A. obviously B. fortunately C. literally D. eventually
7. A. form B. change C. continue D. start
8. A. takes B. has C. wants D. meets
9. A. upset B. quiet C. nervous D. alone
10. A. trade B. deliver C. explain D. argue
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Zhang Guimei has committed her life to improving girls’ education in a remote, mountainous region in Yunnan Province by 11 (start) China’s first free high school for female students. Her story has moved millions of Chinese people and is now written into a newly 12 (publish) book—Brief History of the People’s Republic of China. It described her 13 a moral model who uses love and wisdom to help thousands of rural 14 (girl) realize their dreams.
B
An eight-year-old girl in Texas has designed a pop-up classroom to help poor children. Paisley Elliott came up with the idea after she heard that a school she had helped to build in Greece 15 (destroy) by fire. Elliott considers herself a person 16 tries to improve people’s lives and reduce suffering. Now, she 17 (raise) money to take her pop-up classroom to Uganda, in Africa.
C
Feelings are 18 people experience emotions. They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness, courage and hope, among many others. Feelings are sometimes labeled as good or bad. But that isn’t helpful. All feelings are there to be felt. Some can be more 19 (comfort) and annoying than others. It’s natural 20 (experience) different emotions—and that includes emotions that might not feel nice.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Side hustles for college students deliver spending money while still offering the flexibility that a full class schedule requires.
Take class notes
One side hustle for college students involves taking notes in class and selling them.
Three sites—StudySoup, NexusNotes and Stuvia—offer attractive pay for uploading and selling class notes to other students at your university. Each has its own pay formula. But you usually get a bonus when someone signs up to get access to your notes, plus a payment for each set of notes that sell. Students say they can earn $250 to $500 per class, per semester. Because this job requires taking great class notes, you’re likely to do better in school.
Become a tutor
Many younger students have fallen behind academically as they struggled with distance learning. That opens an opportunity for those who have mastered a subject, from high school algebra to Spanish, to teach that subject to others. A number of tutoring platforms allow you to sign up and tutor online or in person.
Some of the best: Wyzant, Varsity Tutors, and, for those who want to teach music, LessonFace.
Be a survey taker
The best option in this category is a site called Prolific, which helps researchers
find pre-screened survey participants. What makes this site better than most is that it asks you to answer qualifying questions—age, income, family status, etc. —in advance. Then, the site sends you only the surveys that you’re qualified to take. You’re given an estimate of the time it will require to take each survey and how much it pays. You decide whether it’s worth your time.
Charge scooters
Big campuses are often littered with electric scooters and bikes that can be unlocked and ridden around campus. Riders can drop the scooters just about anywhere. So scooter companies, such as Bird and Lime, enlist “chargers” and “juicers” to pick them up, charge them overnight and return them to a designated area early the next morning.
If you have a late class, there are two benefits to signing up to charge. First, you earn between $5 and $20 for each scooter you return fully charged. You also get to ride the scooters home for free, which isn’t a bad way to get back to your dorm.
21. Which site allows one to get paid by uploading their class notes
A. Prolific. B. LessonFace. C. Wyzant. D. StudySoup.
22. What may make Charge scooters attractive
A. It pays riders for charging scooters.
B. It provides more benefits for students.
C. It offers a means of free transportation.
D. It helps solve litter problem on campus.
23. The passage mainly introduces ______.
A. methods to do better in school
B. job options for college students
C. after-class activities for students
D. ways to meet a full class schedule
B
There is a connection I feel with horses that is unlike anything I have ever experienced. They can be frightening because of their size, speed and unpredictability, but they also force you to be calm. I think that was the smartest thing my first riding teacher taught me when I was seven: if you’re calm, they will be calm.
I have never owned a horse, but for a year I got to take care of a pony, Baronet, that I had found abandoned when I was 11. I had moved to England for the second time in my short life. This period was filled with anxiety and instability and there were a lot of unaccompanied moments.
I saw him one day while I was out walking in the woods. He was staring at me from where he stood, wild and dirty. I just went to him and he came to me. I found the farmer who owned him, who said he was a lost cause: “Too difficult,” he said. When I asked if I could care for him, he didn’t hesitate: “Sure, take him.”
He wasn’t trained. He was stubborn and picky and angry. He had been labelled “difficult” just as I was labelled “Sunshine Girl”. It’s not a good thing to be labelled. “Sunshine Girl” made me feel like I couldn’t complain. I didn’t want to make anyone unhappy. I always felt I had to go with the flow.
Baronet saved me that year. He gave my life a sense of purpose and meaning. I would wake up early and walk two miles to the barn to feed him and try to train him, and the moment I came home from school I would run back to the barn to spend time with him.
Looking back, I see Baronet as a wonder. In some magical way I found Baronet when I needed him most and, as sad as I was to leave him at the end of the year, when we moved yet again, I saw the progress we had made together. Seeing that I could make a difference was a huge awakening for me as a child.
24. How did the writer probably feel when moving to England
A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Puzzled. D. Excited.
25. What did the farmer probably mean by saying “he was a lost cause”
A. Baronet was always alone.
B. Baronet could easily get lost.
C. Baronet could hardly survive.
D. Baronet was hard to deal with.
26. How did Baronet influence the writer
A. It taught her not to complain.
B. It inspired her to be easygoing.
C. It helped her to get over loneliness.
D. It encouraged her to accept her label.
C
When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children.
(
broccoli
)These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. When we chew broccoli, these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work.
These enzymes break down a compound(化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules(分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.
According to these past studies, when different adults consume broccoli, there can be a huge difference in how many unpleasant smells the food lets off as their saliva-borne enzymes break it to bits. But the authors wondered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, who are usually more sensitive to bitter and sour tastes. They suspected that kids whose saliva produced the most smelly, SMCSO-sourced compounds would show the strongest dislike for broccoli.
And the team’s new study proved their assumption. While both adults’ and kids’ saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower, these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the other hand, kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most.
The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8. After taking samples of each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder. They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity of smells.
Interestingly, the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths, which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases.
Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth, which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor. The same preference pattern is not seen in adults, who also produce plenty of bad smells. This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.
27. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The function of mouth bacteria.
B. The cause of an unpleasant flavor.
C. The feature of Brassica vegetables.
D. The form of enzymes in our mouth.
28. What do previous studies indicate
A. SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes.
B. Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables.
C. Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules.
D. Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly.
29. What can we conclude from the passage
A. We might accept some foods through repeated exposure.
B. The level of smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C. Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-borne enzymes don’t match.
D. Kids’ saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells.
30. Why does the author write the passage
A. To explain a food preference.
B. To introduce a research method.
C. To illustrate a biological process.
D. To show the discovery of an enzyme.
D
It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory.
Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society.
Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言辞). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold.
Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words.
The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.
Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that
Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.
31. What do we know from the first two paragraphs
A. Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning.
B. Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities.
C. Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays.
D. Primary reading once dominated higher education.
32. What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Practice. B. Priority. C. Investigation. D. Interpretation.
33. What does the author think of idle talk
A. It broadens people’s understanding.
B. It affects independent thinking ability.
C. It shakes people’s trust in news report.
D. It promotes the advance of social media.
34. What message does the author convey
A. Readers should stay away from idle talk.
B. Readers should read original texts carefully.
C. Readers should limit the impact of social media.
D. Readers should take a balanced view on reading.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. 35
First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. 36 Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. 37
38 What does that mean Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend.
Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). 39 That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so.
As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day Do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.
A. It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.
B. Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.
C. Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation.
D. You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.
E. The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.
F. Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand.
G. People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分, 共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Everyone needs it, but no one wants to ask for it. “Help” has become a sort of dirty word, implying weakness and neediness, that we can’t handle our problems on our own. However, whether it be for your physical, mental or academic health, getting words of advice or encouragement from an outside source can make all the difference.
During a time of such uncertainty, the frequency of people requesting help for anxiety and depression has increased. The current situation has made people realize they can’t be alone with their thoughts, and that asking for help from professionals is the best way to get their problems off their chests and their minds on the road to wellness.
Still, requesting help carries a societal weight. The British Psychology Society found that two types of stigmas (羞耻、耻辱) exist: public stigma and self stigma. A “public stigma” is external, a collection of beliefs from around us, which holds a heavy weight on our ideas on seeking help. A “self stigma” is internal, assigning ourselves labels based on our state of mental health, claiming we are worthless and undeserving of help. “Public” and “self” stigmas go hand in hand, and when we hear the stigmas being voiced by those around us, we tend to apply them to ourselves because of social influences, especially those concerning mental health.
To be our better selves, we have to break the stigma around “help” and accept the fact that some problems are too tough to overcome on our own. If we fail to break the stigma around the word “help”, we ignore the increasingly more relevant necessity of getting ourselves assistance in times of need. Despite what society may tell us, it’s not odd or wrong to get help—it’s probably one of the most insightful and courageous things we can do for ourselves.
Each one of us should be able to openly admit that we need help, whether it be for problems we face with school or for internalized struggles with mental health. Sometimes we need support, and that isn’t bad—it’s healthy, and remarkably brave.
40. According to the passage, why is “help” considered a “dirty word”
41.What is explained in paragraph 3
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help.
43. What do you think are some other benefits of asking for help (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
题目一：
假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。近日你校外籍教师Jim为你们年级做了关于心理健康的线上讲座。请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 感谢；
2. 收获。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
题目二：
假设你是学校英语俱乐部的负责人李华，请给俱乐部的新任外籍指导教师Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 欢迎并介绍情况；
2. 表达需求和期待。
题目三：
假设你是红星中学学生李华。近日你打算参加学校举行的英文诗歌朗诵比赛。请你给外籍教师Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.你的困难；
2.寻求建议。
参考答案：
1-5 CDCAC 6-10 DBADD
11.starting 12.published 13.as 14.girls 15.destroyed 16.that
17.is raising 18.how 19.uncomfortable 20.to experience
21-23 DCB
24-26 ADA
27-30 BBAD
31-34 CDCD
35-39 EAGBD
40.Because it shows weakness and neediness and that you can’t handle the problems on your own.
41.Two types and stigmas and their relationship.
42.● Breaking the stigma around “help” can increase our need of seeking help.
Because it can get us assistance in times of need and makes us better.
43.It connects me with others as human beings are social beings.It increases my productivity.I can accept support from someone with higher skills, the person will bring along their own knowledge and skills.

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