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完形填空（健康环保类）练习
一、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空內处的最佳选项。
When Julie got back home from school that afternoon, she noticed a pigeon sitting very closely to the front door of her 1 . It seemed the pigeon hadn't moved at all. Julie moved 2 . She noticed the pigeon had a wound on its wing. She was worried that a dog or a cat would eat the 3 animal. Julie ran upstairs to tell her mom about the pigeon.
"We have to help it!" Julie insisted. Julie's mom made a disgusted face. "I don't want to. Pigeons have diseases," she said. Julie began to cry. This made Julie's mom feel bad. She 4 , but she gave Julie some 5 . The pigeon had to stay in the kitchen in a storage bin. Julie's mom didn't want to touch the 6 bird.
While Julie tried to feed the bird bits of moist bread, Julie's mom looked online for local animal 7 organizations. She felt silly trying to save an injured pigeon though. Finally she found an organization that would take the bird, but not until the next morning. Julie stayed up all night 8 the bird.
The next morning Julia and her mother took the 9 to the bird rescue organization. Many people on the train gave Julie and her mother 10 looks. Julie's mother just shrugged. When they got to the destination, the worker smiled warmly, "It's so kind of you to do this. This means 11 to the pigeon!" 12 goodbye to the worker, Julie looked so 13 with a slight flush on her cheeks. On their way home, leaning on her mother' shoulder. Julie said softly, "Thank you, mom, for your 14 and company." Julie's mom patted her head, "I'm proud of you, sweetheart. You've taught me 15 : Every life deserves to be respected and loved."
1.A.school B.classroom C.flat D.campus
2.A.farther B.closer C.further D.deeper
3.A.injured B.frightened C.destroyed D.surprised
4.A.gave up B.gave out C.gave in D.gave away
5.A.rules B.sources C.comments D.lectures
6.A.kind B.friendly C.lovely D.dirty
7.A.volunteer B.rescue C.fitness D.emergency
8.A.watching B.playing C.affecting D.cheating
9.A.bus B.subway C.taxi D.flight
10.A.angry B.concentrated C.anxious D.strange
11.A.a few B.a bit C.a lot D.a little
12.A.Exchanging B.Greeting C.Seeing D.Waving
13.A.curious B.content C.calm D.confident
14.A.words B.touch C.support D.pity
15.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing
二、
Ecotourism is often regarded as a form of nature-based tourism and has become an important alternative source of tourists. It is broadly defined as low 1 travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. And it often provides funds for conservation and 2 the economic development of places that are frequently poverty-stricken.
Ecotourism and other forms of sustainable travel have their 3 with the environmental movement of the 1970s. Ecotourism itself did not become prevalent (流行的) as a travel concept until the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness and a desire to travel to natural locations as 4 to built up tourist locations made ecotourism desirable.
Since then, several different organizations specializing in ecotourism have developed and many different people have become experts on it. Martha D. Honey, PhD, a co-founder of the Center for Responsible Tourism, 5 , is just one of many ecotourism experts.
Opportunities for ecotourism exist in many different locations worldwide and its activities can vary 6 .
Madagascar, for instance, is famous for its ecotourist activity as it is a biodiversity hotspot, but also has a high priority for environmental conservation and is devoted to reducing poverty. Conservation International says that 80% of the country's animals and 90% of its plants are 7 to the island. Madagascar's lemurs (马达加斯加狐猴) are just one of many 8 that people visit the island to see.
Because the island's government is 9 to conservation, ecotourism is allowed in small numbers because education and funds from the travel will make it easier in the future. 10 , this tourist revenue also aids in reducing the country's poverty.
Despite the popularity of ecotourism in the above-mentioned examples, there are several 11 of ecotourism as well. The first of these is that there is no one definition of the term so it is difficult to know which trips are 12 considered ecotourism.
Critics of ecotourism also cite that increased tourism to 13 areas or ecosystems without proper planning and management can actually harm the ecosystem and its species because the infrastructure needed to sustain tourism such as roads can contribute to environmental degradation (恶化).
Ecotourism is also said by critics to have a negative impact on 14 communities because the arrival of foreign visitors and wealth can shift political and economic conditions and sometimes make the area 15 tourism instead of the domestic economic practices.
Regardless of these criticisms though, ecotourism and tourism, in general, are increasing in popularity all over the globe and tourism plays a large role in many worldwide economies.
1.A.impact B.frequency C.standard D.profit
2.A.undergoes B.supervises C.benefits D.ignores
3.A.agencies B.impacts C.obstacles D.origins
4.A.addicted B.opposed C.reduced D.attached
5.A.in particular B.in a sense C.as a result D.for example
6.A.widely B.accordingly C.respectively D.naturally
7.A.subject B.fatal C.peculiar D.close
8.A.residents B.species C.properties D.locations
9.A.restricted B.accustomed C.connected D.committed
10.A.After all B.On occasion C.By contrast D.In addition
11.A.perspectives B.consequences C.criticisms D.methods
12.A.briefly B.truly C.luckily D.carefully
13.A.sensitive B.inaccessible C.cultivated D.vast
14.A.agricultural B.remote C.local D.divided
15.A.depend on B.differ from C.deal with D.dig into
三、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When discussing the causes of animal endangerment, it is important to understand that individual species are not the only factors involved in this difficult situation. Endangerment is a broad 1 , one that involves the habitats and environments where species live and interact with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help specific cases of endangerment, the universal problem cannot be solved until humans 2 the natural environments where endangered species live. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered, but habitat destruction is on top.
Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be altered and modified. Natural changes tend to occur at a(n) 3 pace, usually causing only a slight 4 on individual species. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to 5 and adjust to new situations. This can create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is the primary cause of species endangerment. The strongest 6 in rapid habitat loss are human beings. Nearly every region of the earth has been affected by human activity, particularly during this past century. The loss of microbes in soils that 7 supported tropical forests, the extinction of fish and various aquatic species in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by the 8 of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity.
It can be difficult for an individual to 9 the effects that humans have had on specific species. It is also hard to identify or 10 human effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a human lifetime. But it is quite 11 that human activity has greatly contributed to species endangerment. 12 , although tropical forests may look as though they are thick and healthy; they are 13 highly susceptible (易受影响的) to destruction. This is because the soils in which they grow 14 nutrients. It may take centuries to re-grow a forest that was cut down by humans or destroyed by fire, and many of the world’s severely threatened animals and plants live in these forests. If the current rate of forest 15 continues, huge quantities of plant and animal species will disappear.
1.A.remark B.issue C.project D.experiment
2.A.worsen B.protect C.seek D.ignore
3.A.extreme B.favorable C.gradual D.rapid
4.A.command B.spirit C.impact D.expectation
5.A.react B.boost C.express D.announce
6.A.sports B.meanings C.forces D.crimes
7.A.usually B.formally C.freely D.formerly
8.A.escape B.goal C.release D.origin
9.A.update B.recognize C.cover D.remind
10.A.predict B.devote C.struggle D.transfer
11.A.obvious B.vital C.contemporary D.selfish
12.A.In short B.In a word C.As a result D.For example
13.A.naturally B.completely C.fully D.actually
14.A.contain B.lack C.reduce D.limit
15.A.growth B.loss C.extension D.planting
四、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Big trees are ecologically important. They provide food for countless other species and 1 for many animals. With tall branches in the sun, they absorb vast amounts of energy, which allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers.
Actually, only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big. The biggest are 2 to North America, 3 big trees grow all globally. To 4 a giant size, a tree needs the right place to establish its seedlings, good growing 5 and lots of time with low adult death rate.
However, in some parts of the world, populations of big trees are declining because their seedlings cannot 6 . In southern India, for instance, a(n) 7 non-native bush, Lantana, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often 8 to take root. With no young trees to 9 them, most of the big trees will finally disappear.
Similarly, without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in warm environments. Tree growth there 10 obviously in warmer years. During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they 11 more energy because their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate increases. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy 12 for growth.
The theory means tropical forests would 13 over time. As older trees die, forests would 14 some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon 15 .
Besides, big trees are faced with threats from elsewhere, surviving the storms, meeting challenges and growing healthily.
1.A.shelter B.shade C.location D.opportunity
2.A.native B.natural C.foreign D.close
3.A.therefore B.and C.but D.or
4.A.reach B.achieve C.acquire D.land
5.A.positions B.circumstances C.states D.conditions
6.A.survive B.suffer C.stand D.stretch
7.A.rigid B.straightforward C.aggressive D.tentative
8.A.begin B.fail C.manage D.refuse
9.A.recycle B.renew C.replace D.reproduce
10.A.declines B.determines C.booms D.flies
11.A.create B.consume C.waste D.generate
12.A.applicable B.accessible C.acceptable D.available
13.A.assemble B.maintain C.accumulate D.shrink
14.A.extend B.guarantee C.release D.entertain
15.A.accumulation B.reduction C.transmission D.emission
五、
The UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, "Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy(傻瓜)." Indeed, Mother Nature can 1 almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the 2 , she is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.
The outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries is a(n) 3 . According to Xinhua News Agency, the new coronavirus is similar to a 4 found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host(中间宿主).
The Wall Street Journal reported that Doctor Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, "This outbreak is a lesson for us. 5 a global scale, human population density, wildlife diversity and land use change are 6 drive new pandemics(流行病)."
In ancient times, people needed to 7 nature to survive so they held it in awe(敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the 8 between nature and human beings.
9 , as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, they try to 10 and even conquer(征服) nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify(改变) plants and capture some wild and rare animals to 11 their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of 12 . For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global 13 .
Although we don't know for sure what first caused the outbreak of COVID-19, Brian Lamacraft said it's time for people to " 14 our relationship with our planet" and " 15 with this world and everything that we've been given". After all, according to the US poet Gary Snyder, "Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home."
1.A.provide B.raise C.adopt D.find
2.A.tradition B.rules C.connection D.record
3.A.idea B.way C.example D.result
4.A.disease B.process C.phenomenon D.virus
5.A.On B.In C.As D.For
6.A.what B.when C.why D.how
7.A.get close to B.stay away from C.rely on D.contribute to
8.A.cruelty B.effect C.target D.harmony
9.A.However B.Therefore C.But D.So
10.A.damage B.establish C.change D.start
11.A.devote B.satisfy C.urge D.consider
12.A.sight B.control C.contact D.balance
13.A.flood B.warming C.drought D.trade
14.A.reflect on B.break away from C.cut off D.break down
15.A.restore B.reconnect C.recover D.reuse
六、
Last year, I attended a class and discussed the topic of "paper books or e-books" with my classmates. The discussion was lively, but was left 1 because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students.
According to an article from LA Times, a study discovered that 92% of 300 college students in America and other three countries 3 physical paper books. Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and are easily 4 when sliding colorful pages.
I 5 that the 92 percentage is true, not just because it is the result of a study. Paper books can 6 another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.
However, pleasure comes at a 9 . Physical books aren't cheap and 10 much room. As a person who moves often and loves written words, it can be a big 11 to move my mini library from one place to another, not to mention the money to buy those books. 12 , besides taking up less space, e-books are more 13 than traditional books. Yet those 14 didn't keep my interest for long. Nothing 15 the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.
1.A.unheard B.untouched C.unsolved D.unexplained
2.A.decisions B.suggestions C.worries D.preferences
3.A.refused B.favoured C.disliked D.trusted
4.A.carried away B.taken in C.worn out D.fed up
5.A.doubt B.believe C.assess D.confirm
6.A.ruin B.compare C.block D.bring
7.A.unique B.bad C.common D.strange
8.A.stories B.pages C.characters D.bookmarks
9.A.price B.loss C.speed D.time
10.A.occupy B.create C.waste D.make
11.A.relief B.reward C.headache D.mistake
12.A.In other words B.As a result C.In addition D.On the other hand
13.A.available B.costly C.affordable D.reliable
14.A.disadvantages B.benefits C.thoughts D.challenges
15.A.involves B.deserves C.beats D.expresses
七、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In order to save the environment, everybody has a role to play. The perfect 1 of someone who knows this well enough is 70-year -old grandmother, Pat Smith 2 with bags, rubber gloves and a rubbish picker, she spent an entire year 3 rubbish and caring for 52 British beaches after she made it her 2018 New Year's resolution to 4 one beach each week. She 5 spent her Christmas day picking up plastic bottles on Trevone Beach.
During her year-long cleanup, Smith was often 6 by other volunteers, including her grandchildren, who were determined to help her tidy up beach rubbish. However, some people often 7 Smith for doing community service, and to this, she said, "People don't understand I've been doing this 8 . We should all take responsibility for picking up the rubbish as well as 9 we don't drop rubbish in the first place."
The environmentally conscious granny has no intention of 10 just because 2018 was over. “Doing 52 beach cleans in 2018 was my New Year's resolution and it's finally 11 ,” said Smith. “I won't stop, as our beaches 12 me. I'm driven to try and protect our 13 for my children and grandchildren and I will 14 doing everything in my power to achieve that. | hope my efforts will help people be more 15 of their plastic consumption and recycling habits."
1.A.case B.position C.example D.role
2.A.Associated B.Rewarded C.Combined D.Armed
3.A.recycling B.Collecting C.abandoning D.trapping
4.A.explore B.decorate C.clean D.survey
5.A.thus B.still C.again D.even
6.A.admired B.joined C.recorded D.interrupted
7.A.blame B.forgive C.respect D.mistake
8.A.voluntarily B.secretly C.frequently D.cautiously
9.A.declaring B.admitting C.ensuring D.announcing
10.A.escaping B.disappearing C.leaving D.stopping
11.A.canceled B.found C.done D.obtained
12.A.need B.understand C.impress D.trust
13.A.planet B.courtyard C.continent D.family
14.A.enjoy B.continue C.recommend D.imagine
15.A.proud B.guilty C.skeptical D.aware
八、阅读下面短文,然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
So far, many dolphins worldwide have been captured and kept in small pools, performing for people, especially kids. These dolphins are fed with fish instead of having to 1 them. Gradually, they start spending most of their time near the pool waiting for food rather than underwater. They get out of shape and can no longer 2 long distances, which affects their 3 greatly, resulting in 4 consequences (后果).
Thus comes the question, "Should captive(被俘的) dolphins be 5 "
Jeff Foster, an dolphin expert, decided to help two captive dolphins, Tom and Misha, to reach their top physical 6 . Every day, he used to train the two dolphins to get used to their wild homes again. Twenty months later, Tom and Misha began to act like 7 dolphins and they were set free back into the sea.
8 Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4 to 5 years, they were able to adapt to the wild. It was 9 what Foster had hoped for. His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true and he knew that the dolphins would 10 in the wild.
This program was successful, but there have been other failures. For example, another dolphin, Keiko, returned into the ocean in 2002, but 11 a year later because of all the misery (不幸) he 12 . The sudden 13 change did not suit him well.
If people want to avoid these accidents, we must go to great lengths and put in the 14 to ensure it doesn't happen ever again. In fact, with virtual reality technology picking up, there can still be great ways to 15 kids with sea animals without having to capture dolphins.
1.A.pick up B.throw away C.look after D.hunt for
2.A.see B.hear C.jump D.dive
3.A.appetite B.shelter C.lifestyle D.popularity
4.A.unexpected B.potential C.terrible D.indirect
5.A.released B.disturbed C.protected D.fed
6.A.exercise B.pain C.appearance D.condition
7.A.wild B.clever C.helpless D.harmless
8.A.Because B.Unless C.Although D.If
9.A.hardly B.exactly C.possibly D.awfully
10.A.train B.search C.survive D.produce
11.A.escaped B.died C.returned D.recovered
12.A.led to B.went through C.got over D.brought up
13.A.environment B.temperature C.ocean D.food
14.A.tank B.time C.water D.effort
15.A.inspire B.treat C.please D.change
九、
Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 1 in zero gravity. However, without 2 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do, and that's very 3 . What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show — because it's impossible to 4 in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 5 environment, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes. This 6 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 7 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks.
Besides making your 9 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. "My right eye is painful like crazy," Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. "When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around," astronaut Ron Parise said.
In space, astronauts can't eat or drink in 13 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say, "Gravity, you're the best."
1.A.leaping B.floating C.eating D.talking
2.A.gravity B.doubt C.aid D.effort
3.A.risky B.lifelike C.sad D.unfortunate
4.A.foresee B.view C.pray D.cry
5.A.dangerous B.extreme C.stable D.weightless
6.A.expects B.means C.demands D.shows
7.A.meet B.develop C.stay D.leave
8.A.witnessed B.acknowledged C.experienced D.suffered
9.A.mind B.vision C.sense D.idea
10.A.peace B.disaster C.stress D.comfort
11.A.chose B.decided C.stopped D.hesitated
12.A.fluently B.exactly C.efficiently D.simply
13.A.regular B.normal C.particular D.rational
14.A.out B.off C.down D.up
15.A.give up B.end up C.put off D.feel like
十、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Looking at these professional wildlife images, it’s easy to assume the person behind the camera is an adult with decades of 1 . But these photos were taken by 14-year-old Josiah Launstein.
From time to time, I hear about kids who 2 me. Young Josiah Launstein is one of them. He is only 14 and he’s been into 3 for 9 years. He grew to become a passionate wildlife photographer, and he even started getting awards for his 4 and skill.
He’s received numerous awards and his work has been shown in museums and galleries worldwide. CBC Arts(加拿大广播公司艺术频道) 5 Josiah in a YouTube video, where he got to say a bit about himself and his interest in photography. Josiah started using his dad’s 6 when he was only five years old. As he 7 , he took it more seriously when he was seven. Josiah says that he 8 being in the wilderness and spending time with animals, so it seems he put his two passions together. It’s 9 , really!
Josiah explains that wildlife photography requires a lot of 10 and determination. He 11 rain, sleet, snow and freezing temperatures. To frame the perfect 12 , there’s a lot of waiting and 13 days. He especially likes photographing bighorn sheep, and one of his photos of these wonderful animals 14 him Young Outdoor Photographer of the Year award. He has been granted this 15 three times so far. His last awarded photo, Raindrops, is currently on exhibit in Natural History Museum in London.
1.A.experience B.progress C.passion D.curiosity
2.A.amuse B.respect C.trust D.amaze
3.A.business B.fashion C.entertainment D.photography
4.A.talent B.knowledge C.success D.imagination
5.A.evaluated B.presented C.helped D.consulted
6.A.picture B.book C.camera D.method
7.A.complains B.explains C.proves D.understands
8.A.risks B.avoids C.enjoys D.practices
9.A.absurd B.complicated C.easy D.wonderful
10.A.training B.observation C.patience D.research
11.A.records B.dislikes C.expects D.bears
12.A.animal B.weather C.shot D.nature
13.A.long B.terrible C.cold D.free
14.A.left B.earned C.showed D.prepared
15.A.title B.scholarship C.photo D.permission
十一、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some of the greatest problems we face today are connected with the gradual destruction of our environment—brown clouds, wildlife extinction, 1 water. These 2 all seem so huge. So my family do what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don't have to 3 . But does it do any good
I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟). These beautiful birds gather in 4 groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time 5 for migration, a few flamingos start the process by taking off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, 6 the tiny group returns.
However, the next day they 7 again. This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still 8 no attention, so these pioneers come back.
Then one day something 9 . The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join, just as before. And this time their total number, though still quite 10 , is enough to tip the balance(起决定性作用). 11 one, the whole group takes flight and the migration 12 . What a(n) 13 sight it must be—thousands of flamingos flying to the sky at once!
A few can make a 14 . It's true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved due to the 15 efforts of a few.
1. A. removed B. polluted C. deserted D. used
2. A. choices B. costs C. profits D. problems
3. A. drive B. reduce C. cycle D. stand
4. A. unusual B. different C. huge D. similar
5. A. comes B. passes C. varies D. moves
6. A. but B. when C. so D. and
7. A. gather B. try C. sing D. observe
8. A. attract B. require C. escape D. pay
9. A. approaches B. works C. changes D. disappears
10. A. significant B. reasonable C. mass D. small
11. A. As B. Above C. On D. At
12. A. continues B. recovers C. finishes D. begins
13. A. familiar B. strange C. alarming D. poor
14. A. beauty B. decision C. difference D. mistake
15. A. useless B. tireless C. extra D. special
答案解析
一、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C; 5.A; 6.D; 7.B; 8.A; 9.B; 10.D; 11.C; 12.D; 13.B; 14.C; 15.B
解析：1.本题主要考查名词辨析。结合句意,那天下午朱莉放学回家时,她注意到一只鸽子坐在离她……前门很近的地方。flat 意为“公寓”,符合文意,school 意为“学校”,classroom 意为“教室”,campus 意为“校园”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
2.本题主要考查前后照应。结合下文 She noticed the pigeon had a wound on its wing. 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说朱莉走近了一些。closer 意为“更近”,符合文意。farther 意为“更远”,further 意为“进一步”,deeper 意为“更深”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3.本题主要考查前后照应。结合上文 She noticed the pigeon had a wound on its wing. 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说她担心狗或猫会吃掉受伤的动物。injured 意为“受伤的”,符合文意。frightened 意为“吓坏的”,destroyed 意为“遭破坏的”,surprised 意为“吃惊的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
4.本题主要考查前后照应。结合上文 This made Julie's mom feel bad. 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说她让步了。give in 意为“让步”,符合文意。give up 意为“放弃”,give out 意为“分发”,give away 意为“赠送”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
5.本题主要考查前后照应。结合下文 The pigeon had to stay in the kitchen in a storage bin. 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说但她给了朱莉一些规则。rule 意为“规矩”,符合文意。source 意为“来源”,comment 意为“评论”,lecture 意为“演讲”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
6.本题主要考查前后照应。结合文章第二段第五句中 Pigeons have diseases 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说朱莉的妈妈不想碰那只脏鸟。dirty 意为“脏的”,符合文意。kind 意为“善良的”,friendly 意为“友好的”,lovely 意为“可爱的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
7.本题主要考查名词辨析。结合句意,当朱莉试图给小鸟喂湿面包时,朱莉的妈妈在网上寻找当地的动物……组织。rescue 意为“救助”,符合文意,volunteer 意为“自愿者”,fitness 意为“健康”,emergency 意为“突发情况”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
8.本题主要考查动词辨析。结合句意,朱莉整晚都在……那只鸟。watch 意为“看”,符合文意,play 意为“玩耍”,affect 意为“影响”,cheat 意为“作弊”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
9.本题主要考查前后照应。结合下文中 Many people on the train gave Julie and her mother 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说第二天早上,朱莉娅和她的母亲乘地铁去了鸟类救援组织。subway 意为“地铁”,符合文意。bus 意为“公共汽车”,taxi 意为“出租车”,flight 意为“航班”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
10.本题主要考查前后照应。结合下文 Julie's mother just shrugged. 可知前后形成对应,因此此处应当是在说火车上的许多人都对朱莉和她母亲投以奇怪的目光。strange 意为“奇怪的”,符合文意。angry 意为“生气的”,concentrated 意为“专注的”,anxious 意为“焦虑的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
11.本题主要考查固定短语辨析。结合句意,这对鸽子来说意义……!a lot 意为“很大”,符合文意,a few 意为“一些”,a bit 意为“一点”,a little 意为“一些”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
12.本题主要考查动词辨析。结合句意,朱莉向工人……告别,脸上微微泛红,看上去很……。wave 意为“招手”,符合文意,exchange 意为“交换”,greet 意为“欢迎”,see 意为“看”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
13.本题主要考查形容词辨析。结合句意,朱莉向工人……告别,脸上微微泛红,看上去很……。content 意为“满意的”,符合文意,curious 意为“好奇的”,calm 意为“平静的”,confident 意为“自信的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
14.本题主要考查名词辨析。结合句意,谢谢你,妈妈,谢谢你的……和陪伴。support 意为“支持”,符合文意,words 意为“话”,touch 意为“抚摸”,pity 意为“可怜”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
15.本题主要考查代词辨析。结合句意,你教会了“我”……:每一个生命都值得尊重和爱。something 意为“某事”,符合文意,everything 意为“所有事情”,anything 意为“任何事情”,nothing 意为“没有什么”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
二、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.B; 9.D; 10.D; 11.C; 12.B; 13.A; 14.C; 15.A
解析： 1.考查名词。句意：它被广泛定义为对濒危和经常不受干扰的地点的低影响旅行。A.impact影响；B.frequency频率；C.standard标准；D. profit利润。照应后文提及"have a...impact"。故答案为A。
2.考查动词。句意：它经常为保护提供资金，并有利于经常贫困地区的经济发展。A. undergo经历；B.supervise监管；C.benefit获益；D. ignore忽略。照应句中"provides funds for conservation"可知此时在阐述生态旅游的好处。故答案为C。
3.考查名词。句意：生态旅游和其他形式的可持续旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。A. agencies代理；B.impacts影响；C.obstacles阻碍；D.origins起源。后一句"Ecotourism itself did not become prevalent（流行的）as a travel concept until the late 1980s."阐述其流行时间，所以前一句阐述起源。故答案为D。
4.考查短语。句意：在这期间，提高环境意识和到自然地点旅游的愿望，而不是建成旅游地点。A. addicted上瘾的；B.opposed反对；C.reduced减少；D.attached附上。照应前一句阐述生态旅游的流行，所以不像传统旅游业一样，建设旅游店，"as opposed to"意思是"而不是"。故答案为B。
5.考查短语。句意：例如，她只是众多生态旅游专家中的一位。A.in particular特别地；B.in a sense在某种意义上；C.as a result因此；D.for example例如。照应前一句"many different people have become experts on it"，此处列举某一位专家的例子。故答案为D。
6.考查副词。句意：生态旅游的机会存在于世界各地的许多不同地点，其活动也可能大不相同。A. widely很大程度上；B.accordingly因此；C. respectively分别地；D.naturally自然地。照应句中"many different locations"。故答案为A。
7.考查形容词。句意：国际自然保护组织说，该国80%的动物和90%的植物都是岛上特有的。A. subject可能受。影响的；B.fatal致命的；C. peculiar特有的；D.close亲密的。照应上文提及的"a biodiversity hotspot"。故答案为C。
8.考查名词。句意：马达加斯加狐猴只是人们到岛上观赏的众多种类之一。A.residents居民；B. species物种；C.properties所有物；D.locations地点。照应上文提及的生物多样性和句中"Madagascar's lemurs"，可知此处表达"物种"之意。故答案为B。
9.考查短语。句意：因为岛上的政府致力于保护。A.restrict限制；B.accustom习惯；C. connect联系；D.commit保证。be committed to意思是"致力于"，故答案为D。
10.考查短语。句意：此外，旅游收入也有助于减少该国的贫困。A.After all毕竟；B.On occasion偶尔；C.By contrast相比之下；D.In addition除此之外。前一句和后一句属于并列关系，故答案为D。
11.考查名词。句意：尽管上述例子中生态旅游很受欢迎，但也有一些对生态旅游的批评。A. perspectives视角；B.consequences结果；C. criticisms批评；D.methods方法。句中Despite提示句意出现转折，故答案为C。
12.考查副饲。句意：因此很难知道哪些旅行是真正的生态旅游。A.briefly简要地；B.truly真实地；C.luckily幸运地；D.carefully谨慎地。照应上文提及生态旅游没有一个统一的定义，所以难以界定哪些是真的，故答案为B。
13.考查形容词。句意：生态旅游的批评者还指出，在没有适当规划和管理的情况下增加对敏感地区或生态系统的旅游，实际上会损害生态系统及其物种。A.sensitive敏感的；B. inaccessible难以达到的；C.cultivated有教养的；D.vast巨大的。照应前文"endangered and often undisturbed locations"。故答案为A。
14.考查形容词。句意：批评人士还说，生态旅游对当地社区有负面影响。A.agricultural农业的； B.remote遥远的；C.local当地的；D.divided被分割的。从后文"the arrival of foreign visitors and wealth can shift political and economic conditions"可见生态旅游对当地的影响，故答案为C。
15.考查短语。句意：有时使该地区依赖旅游业。A.depend on依赖；B.differ from不同于；C. deal with处理；D.dig into深入研究。根据后半句"instead of the domestic economic practices"
知此处阐述地区的对外依赖。故答案为A。
三、
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C; 5.A; 6.C; 7.D; 8.C; 9.B; 10.A; 11.A; 12.D; 13.D; 14.B; 15.B
解析：1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:濒危是一个广泛的问题,涉及到物种生存和相互作用的栖息地和环境。A. remark评论;B. issue问题;C. project工程;D. experiment实验。根据上文中的“animal endangerment”可知,动物濒危是一个问题,空后的“the universal problem”也是提示,故B项正确。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然正在采取一些措施来帮助解决特定的濒危情况,但只有人类保护濒危物种生存的自然环境,这个普遍的问题才能得到解决。A. worsen恶化;B. protect保护;C. seek寻求;D. ignore忽视。根据空后的“the natural environments where endangered species live.”(濒危物种生存的自然环境。”)可知,要想解决动物濒危问题,人类需要保护濒危物种生存的自然环境,故B项正确。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:自然变化往往是渐进的,通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响。A. extreme极端的;B. favorable有利的;C. gradual逐渐的;D. rapid快速的。根据空后的“usually causing only a slight ____4____ on individual species.”(通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响)可知,这种变化通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响,这说明自然变化是渐进的,故C项正确。
4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:自然变化往往是渐进的,通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响。A. command命令;B. spirit精神;C. impact影响; D. expectation期待。根据常识可知,自然变化会对物种造成影响,have/cause an impact on sth表示“对……有/产生影响”,故C项正确。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,当变化以很快的速度发生时,个体物种很少或根本没有时间对新情况做出反应和调整。A. react反应;B. boost促进;C. express表达;D. announce宣布。根据空后的“adjust to new situations”可知此处指“对新情况做出反应和调整”,故A项正确。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意:造成栖息地迅速丧失的最大力量是人类。A. sports运动;B. meanings含义;C. forces力量;D. crimes犯罪。空后一句说地球上几乎每一个地区都受到人类活动的影响,特别是在上个世纪,因此人类是造成栖息地迅速丧失的最大力量,故C项正确。
7.考查副词词义辨析。句意:以前支持热带森林的土壤中微生物的减少,鱼类和各种水生物种在受污染的栖息地中灭绝,以及温室气体排放所带来的全球气候变化,这些都是人类活动的结果。A. usually通常;B. formally正式地;C. freely自由地;D. formerly以前、原来。根据空后的“supported tropical forests”(支持热带森林)及“all results of human activity”(所有人类活动的结果)可知,土壤中微生物以前支持热带森林,但现在被人类活动破坏了,故D项正确。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:以前支持热带森林的土壤中微生物的减少,鱼类和各种水生物种在受污染的栖息地中灭绝,以及温室气体排放所带来的全球气候变化,这些都是人类活动的结果。A. escape逃跑;B. goal目标;C. release释放;D. origin起源。根据空后的“of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity”(温室气体是人类活动的结果)可知此处指“温室气体的排放”,故C项正确。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个人很难认识到人类对特定物种的影响。A. update更新; B. recognize承认、认识到;C. cover 覆盖;D. remind提醒。根据空后的“the effects that humans have had on specific species”(人类对特定物种的影响)可知,一个人很难认识到人类对特定物种的影响,故B项正确。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:也很难确定或预测人类对个别物种和栖息地的影响,特别是在人类的一生中。A. predict预测;B. devote致力于;C. struggle奋斗;D. transfer转让。根据空前的“identify”可知,很难确定或预测人类对个别物种和栖息地的影响,故A项正确。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但很明显,人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响。A. obvious明显的;B. vital至关重要的;C. contemporary同时代的;D. selfish自私的。根据空后的“that human activity has greatly contributed to species endangerment.”(人类活动在很大程度上加剧了物种的濒危。)可知,人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响,这一点是很明显的,故A项正确。
12.考查介词短语辨析。句意:例如,尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康,它们实际上极易受到破坏。A. In short总之;B. In a word总之;C. As a result结果;D. For example例如。空前一句说人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响,此处是对这一句的举例证明,需要用for example引出例子,故D项正确。
13.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. naturally自然地;B. completely完全地;C. fully 充分地;D. actually实际上。根据空前的“although tropical forests may look as though they are thick and healthy”(尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康,)它们实际上极易受到破坏,故D项正确。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是因为它们生长的土壤缺乏养分。A. contain包含;B. lack缺乏;C. reduce减少;D. limit限制。空前一句说尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康,它们实际上极易受到破坏,此处解释原因——它们生长的土壤缺乏养分,所以它们并不健康,故B项正确。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果森林继续以目前的速度消失下去,大量的动植物物种将会消失。A. growth增长;B. loss损失、失去;C. extension延伸;D. planting种植。根据空后的“huge quantities of plant and animal species will disappear.”(大量的动植物物种将会消失。)可知,如果森林继续以目前的速度消失下去,大量的动植物物种将会消失,故B项正确。
四、
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.D; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D
五、
答案：1-5 ABCDA 6-10 ACDAC 11-15 BDBAB
解析：1.句意: 事实上, 如果我们遵守她的规则, 大自然母亲几乎能够提供(provide)人类所需要的一切。故选A。raise饲养, 提高; adopt采纳, 收养; find找到。
2.句意: 但是, 如果我们违反规则(rules), 她可能会很残忍, 并狠狠惩罚我们。根据上文if we follow her rules可知, 此处是说明相反的情况—"违反规则", 故选B。tradition传统; connection联系; record记录。
3.句意: COVID-19在许多国家暴发就是一个例子(example)。根据上下文语境, 作者是就人类活动违反自然规则遭受自然的惩罚进行举例, 故选C。idea主意, 想法; way方法, 道路; result结果。
4.新型冠状病毒是一种病毒, 在蝙蝠体内发现相似的东西, 也只能是病毒, 故选D。disease疾病; process过程; phenomenon现象。
5.on a global scale在全球范围内, 是固定搭配, 故选A。
6.此处是what引导的表语从句, 在从句中作主语, 故选A。
7.句意: 在古代, 人们需要依靠(rely on)自然而生存, 所以他们对大自然怀有敬畏之心。故选C。get close to接近; stay away from远离; contribute to促进, 有利于。
8.句意: 中国古人一向追求自然与人类间的和谐(harmony)。故选D。cruelty残忍; effect影响; target目标。
9.上文说的是人们追求与自然的和谐, 下文是人类改变和征服自然, however表语意转折, 符合题意, 故选A。
10.人类掌握更多的知识, 制造更先进的工具后必然想要改变和征服自然, 故选C。damage损害; establish建立; start开始。
11.人类改变和征服自然的目的是满足自己的需要, 故选B。devote奉献; urge强烈要求; consider考虑。
12.句意: 在这个过程中, 人类逐渐失去与自然的联系, 甚至使自然失去平衡(balance)。由空前内容和后文的carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere可知, 此处是指自然不再保持平衡状态了, 故选D。sight景象; control控制; contact联系。
13.二氧化碳的聚集会使全球气候变暖, 故选B。
14.新冠疫情全球范围内大暴发, 会让人们去反思(reflect on)人类与地球的关系, 故选A。break down分解; cut off切断; break away from摆脱。
15.根据上文"In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of 12 ."可知, 此处指重建与这个世界的联系。reconnect再连接, 再接合。故选B。restore恢复; 使复原; recover恢复; reuse重新使用。
六、
答案：1-5 CDBAB 6-10 DABAA 11-15 CDCBC
解析：1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A.unheard前所未闻的;B.untouched未接触的;C.unsolved未解决的;D.unexplained未得到解释的。根据“because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students.”可知,讨论的问题没有得到解决。故选C。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A. decisions决定;B. suggestions建议;C. worries担心;D. preferences偏爱。根据“The discussion was lively, but was left 1 ”可知,讨论悬而未决是因为同学们的个人喜好不同。personal preference个人喜好。故选D。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:根据《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章,一项研究发现,在美国和其他三个国家的300名大学生中,92%的人更喜欢纸质书。A. refused拒绝;B. favoured支持;喜爱;C. disliked不喜欢;D. trusted信任。根据“Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and arc easily 4 when sliding colorful pages.”可知,大多数人都喜欢纸质书。故选B。
4.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:许多参与者声称,他们长时间看屏幕会感到头疼,滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。A. carried away带走;B. taken in吸收;C. worn out疲惫不堪;D. fed up养肥。根据“when sliding colorful pages.”可知,许多参与者认为滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。故选A。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我相信92%是正确的,不仅仅因为这是一项研究的结果。A. doubt怀疑;B. believe相信;C. assess评估;D. confirm证实。根据“not just because it is the result of a study. ”可知,作者认为92%的人更喜欢纸质书这样的结论是正确的。故选B。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. ruin毁坏;B. compare比较;C. block阻塞;D. bring带来。根据“another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.”可知,这里指阅读纸质书所带来的好处。故选D。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. unique独特的;B. bad坏的;C. common常见的;D. strange奇怪的。根据语境,这里指纸质书独特的味道。故选A。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. stories故事;B. pages书页;C. characters角色;D. bookmarks书签。根据“between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.”可知,这里指手指翻纸质书书页的感觉。故选B。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,快乐是有代价的。A. price代价;B. loss损失;C. speed速度;D. time时间。根据转折词“However”和“Physical books aren't cheap and 10 much room.”可知,享受纸质书的快乐是有代价的。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书并不便宜,而且占用空间很大。A. occupy占据;B. create创造;C. waste浪费;D. make制造。根据“besides taking up less space,”可知,纸质书占很大的空间。故选A。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一个经常搬家并且喜欢书面文字的人,把我的迷你图书馆从一个地方搬到另一个地方是件很头疼的事,更不用说买那些书的钱了。A. relief欣慰;B. reward报答;C. headache头疼;D. mistake错误。根据“ move my mini library from one place to another,”可知,搬书是一件头疼的事情。故选C。
12.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。 A. In other words换句话说;B. As a result结果;C. In addition此外;D. On the other hand另一方面。这里作者从另一方面来说明电子书的优点。故选D。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。A. available可利用的;B. costly昂贵的;C. affordable支付得起的;D. reliable可靠的。根据“Physical books aren't cheap ”可知,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。故选C。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,这些好处并没有让我长久地保持兴趣。A. disadvantages不利;B. benefits好处;C. thoughts想法;D. challenges挑战。根据转折词“Yet ”可知,电子书的好处并没有让作者长久地保持兴趣。故选B。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有什么比喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。A. involves涉及;B. deserves值得;C. beats打败;D. expresses表达。根据“the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩)with a hot cup of tea and a book.”可知,没有什么能够比得上喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。beat这里为“比……更好”之意。故选C。
七、
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C; 5.D; 6.B; 7.D; 8.A; 9.C; 10.D; 11.C; 12.A; 13.A; 14.B; 15.D
八、
答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C; 5.A; 6.D; 7.A; 8.C; 9.B; 10.C; 11.B; 12.B; 13.A; 14.D; 15.C
解析： 1.考查动词短语及语境理解。 A. pick up捡起,偶然学会; B. throw away扔掉; C. look after照顾; D. hunt for猎取。句意:这些海豚不用捕食鱼,而是用鱼喂它们。根据上文中的"So far, many dolphins worldwide have been captured and kept in small pools, performing for people, especially kids."以及常识可知, 这些被捕获的海豚不需要自己猎取食物, 而是被喂食。故选D项。
2.考查动词及语境理解。A.see看见; B. hear听见; C. jump跳起; D.dive潜水。句意:它们的体型变差了, 不能再远距离潜水了, 这非常严重的影响了他们的生活方式, 导致了糟糕的结果。根据上文中的"they start spending most of their time near the poor rather than under water. They get out of shape"可知,被捕获的海豚由于长期生活在狭小的池子里,导致身材变形、体力下降,不能再远距离潜水。故选D项。
3.考查名词及语境理解。 A. appetite胃口; B. shelter庇护,避难处; C. lifestyle生活方式; D. popularity流行,普及。句意:它们的体型变差了,不能再远距离潜水了,这非常严重的影响了他们的生活方式,导致了糟糕的结果。根据上文"Gradually, they start spending most of their time near the pool waiting for food rather than underwater."可知,生活在池子里对海豚的生活方式有很大的影响。故选C项。
4.考查形容词及语境理解。 A. unexpected出乎意料的;B. potential潜在的; C.terrible糟糕的; D. indirect间接的。句意:它们的体型变差了,不能再远距离潜水了,这非常严重的影响了他们的生活方式,导致了糟糕的结果。根据上文They get out of shape and can no longer dive long distances可知,结果很糟糕。故选C。
5.考查动词及语境理解。 A. released释放; B. disturbed打扰; C. protected保护; D.fed喂养。句意:应该释放圈养的海豚吗 根据下文"they were set free back into the sea (他们被释放到海洋)"可知, set free(释放)应和空格处的release对应。故选A项。
6.考查名词及语境理解。 A.exercise练习,锻炼;B.pain痛苦; C. appearance外表,出现; D. condition健康状况。句意:55岁的专家杰夫·福斯特决定帮助两只圈养的海豚汤姆和米莎达到最佳体格状态。结合上文中的"They get out of shape and can no longer dive long distance"和下文"Every day, he used to train the two dolphins to get used to their wild homes again."可知,此处说的是帮忙海豚恢复到最佳体格状态。故选D项。
7.考查形容词及语境理解。 A. wild野生的; B. clever聪明的; C. helpless绝望的,无望的; D. harmless无害的。句意:每天,他都会训练两只海豚重新适应它们的野生家园。20个月后,汤姆和米莎开始像野生海豚一样行动,他们被放回大海。结合上文中的"he used to train the two dolphins to get used to their wild homes again"可知,两只海豚像野生海豚一样行动。故选A项。
8.考查连词及语境理解。 A. Because因为; B. Unless除非; C. Although尽管;D.If如果。句意:尽管汤姆和米沙被圈养了4-5年,它们已经能够适应野外生活了。根据句意可知前后句为相反关系,故用让步状语从句。故选C项。
9.考查副词及语境理解。 A. hardly几乎不; B. exactly确切地; C. possibly可能; D. awfully可怕地。句意:这正是福斯特所希望的。他对海豚的梦想终于实现了。根据上句"Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4-5 years, they were able to adapt to the wild."以及下句"His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true."可知这正是福斯特所希望的。故选B项。
10.考查动词及语境理解。 A. train训练; B. search寻找;C. survive幸存;D. produce生产。句意:他对海豚的梦想终于实现了,他知道海豚会在野外幸存下来。根据上文"they were able to adapt to the wild."可知,经过训练,海豚可以在野外生存了。故选C项。
11.考查动词及语境理解。 A. escaped逃脱; B. died死亡; C. return归还,返回; D. recovered康复。句意:这个项目取得了巨大的成功,但也有其他失败的项目。例如另一个海豚2002年回到海洋,但一年后去世,因为他经历的所有的痛苦。根据上文"This program was successful, but there have been other failures."可知,这是失败的案例。所以设空处应选且和空格后面的misfortune相一致。这只海豚死了。故选B项。
12.考查动词词组及语境理解。 A.led to导致; B. went through经历,经受; C. got over复习; D. brought up抚养,养育。句意:这个项目取得了巨大的成功, 但也有其他失败的项目。例如另一个海豚2002年回到海洋,但一年后去世,因为他经历的所有的痛苦。由句子结构可知空格后为定语从句,先行词为misfortune,从句主语是海豚,此处指的是海豚所经历的不幸。故选B项。
13.考查动词及语境理解。 A.environment环境; B. temperature温度; C. ocean海洋; D. food.食物。句意:他不太适应环境的突然变化。由上句"but a year ater because of all the misery(不幸) he went through."可知,海豚不适应环境的突然变化,死去了。故选A项。
14.考查名词及语境理解。 A. tank坦克,水槽; B.time时间; C. water水; D. effort努力。句意:如果人们想避免这类事故,我们必须竭尽全力确保此类事故不再发生。根据上文"If people want to avoid these accidents, we must go to great lengths"可推断,设空处所填的词应与go to great lengths含义一致;且根据下文中的"ensure it doesn't happen again"可知,人们要为此付出努力,避免这类事故发生。故选D项。
15.考查动词及语境理解。 A. inspire激励; B.treat对待,处理; C. please使高兴; D. change改变。句意:事实上,随着虛拟现实技术的发展,我们仍然可以找到很好的方法让孩子们因海洋动物而高兴,而不用去捕捉海豚。根据上文"with virtual reality technology picking up,"和下文"without having to capture dolphins."可推断,使用虚拟现实技术,我们不用捕捉海豚也可以找到让孩子们高兴的方法。故选C项。
九、
答案：1-5.BACDD; 6-10.BCCBD; 11-15.ADBCB
解析：1.根据上文中的"some pretty amazing things"及下文中的"in zero gravity"可知,B项符合语境。
2.根据常识和语境可知,这里是说没有重力,宇航员有很多事情不能做。
3.根据语境可知,在没有重力的情况下,宇航员不能做很多事情,这是很令人难过的。sad"让人难过的"符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。
4.根据上文中的"let their sadness show"和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知,应选D项。
5.根据常识可知,在太空中没有重力。weightless"失重的"符合语境。
6.根据语境可知,此处表示"这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时,你的眼泪无处可去",故B项符合语境。
7.由上文中的"your tears have nowhere to go"可知,此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里,故选C项。
8.根据下文中的"My right eye is painful like crazy"可知,2011年5月,宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience"经历"符合语境。
9.上文讲到在太空流泪时,眼泪会停留在眼眶中,再结合常识可知,当眼中含泪时,视线会模糊,故选B项。
10.由文中的"this can also cause physical pain... But that's not the case in space"可知,此处表示两种情况的对比,空处与pain对应,故D项comfort符合语境。
11.根据下文中的"Another choice is to just wait"中的choice可知,应选A项。
12.联系语境并结合选项可知,D项符合文意。simply表示强调,意为"仅仅,只,不过"。
13.在太空中,宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal"正常的"。
14.根据语境可知,此处应用down。
15.如果宇航员打嗝,他们会把胃里的东西都吐出来。此处表示打嘱造成的结果,end up doing sth."以……而告终"符合语境。
十、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.A; 5.B; 6.C; 7.B; 8.C; 9.D; 10.C; 11.D; 12.C; 13.A; 14.B; 15.A
解析：1.考查名词及语境理解, A. experience经验;B. progress进展;C. passion激情;D. curiosity好奇心。我们很容易假设镜头后面的人是一个有着几十年经验的成年人,故选A。
2.考查动词及语境理解, A. amuse娱乐; B. respect尊重; C. trust信任; D. amaze使惊奇。我时不时听到一些孩子让我吃惊。故选D。
3.考查名词及语境理解, A. business业务; B. fashion时尚;C. entertainment娱乐; D. photography摄影。他才14岁,从事摄影已经9年了,根据上文 But these photos were taken by 14-year-old Josiah Launstein可知是摄影。故选D。
4.考查名词及语境理解， A. talent人才; B. knowledge知识; C. success成功; D. imagination想象。他甚至开始因为自己的才华和技能而获奖。故选A。
5.考查动词及语境理解, A. evaluated评估; B. presented呈现;C. helped帮助; D. consulted咨询. CBC Arts在YouTube视频中展示了约西亚,他在视频中谈到了自己和他对摄影的兴趣。故选B。
6.考查名词及语境理解, A. picture图片; B.book书; C. camera照相机; D. method方法。约西亚五岁时就开始用他爸爸的相机。根据where he got to say a bit about himself and his interest in photography可知是相机,故选C。
7.考查动词及语境理解, A. complains抱怨;投诉; B. explains解释; C. proves证明; D. understands明白。正如他解释的那样,他七岁的时候就更认真了。故选B。
8.考查动词及语境理解, A. risks冒风险; B. avoids避免; C. enjoys喜欢;享受; D. practices实践,约西亚说他喜欢呆在荒野里,和动物在一起,所以他似乎把他的两种激情放在一起了。根据下文so it seems he put his two passions together可知是喜欢。故选C。
9.考查形容词及语境理解, A. absurd荒谬的; B. complicated复杂的; C.easy轻松的; D. wonderful太棒的。这真的很棒!故选D。
10.考查名词及语境理解, A. training培训; B. observation观察; C. patience耐心; D. research研究。约西亚解释说,野生动物摄影需要很大的耐心和决心,根据下文there's a lot of waiting可知是耐心。故选C。
11.考查动词及语境理解, A. records记录; B. dislikes不喜欢; C. expects期望; D. bears容忍。他忍受着雨、雨夹雪和严寒。故选D。
12.考查名词及语境理解, A. animal动物; B. weather天气; C.shot照片;射击; D. nature自然。要想拍出完美的照片,需要很多等待和漫长的日子。故选C。
13.考查形容词及语境理解, A.long长的; B. terrible可怕的; C.cold冷的; D.free免费的,要想拍出完美的照片,需要很多等待和漫长的日子。故选A。
14.考查动词及语境理解, A.left离开; B. earned赢得; C. showed显示; D. prepared准备。他特别喜欢拍摄大角羊,其中一张照片为他嬴得了年度最佳户外摄影师奖。根据He has been granted this 15 three times so far可知是贏得。故选B。
15.考查名词及语境理解, A.title头衔;标题; B. scholarship奖学金; C.photo照片; D. permission许可。到目前为止,他已经三次被授予这个头衔。故选A。
十一、
答案：1-5 BDACA 6-10 CBDCD 11-15 ADCCB
解析：1.此处与“brown clouds”和“wildlife extinction”并列，是三个严重的问题之一，指的是受污染的水，即polluted water。故选B。
2.根据该段第一句中的“problems”可知，这些问题看起来都很严重。choice选择;cost费用；profit利润；problem问题。故选D。
3.根据本空前的“We walk where we don't have to”可知，“我们”步行去不需要开车去的地方。drive开车；reduce减少；cycle骑自行车;stand站。故选A。
4.根据空后的“groups of a thousand or more”可知，一个鸟群有上千只火烈鸟，规模非常大。unusual非同寻常的；different不同的；huge巨大的；similar相似的。故选C。
5.句意:每年，到迁徙的时候，一些火烈鸟会从湖面上起飞来开始这个过程。come到来；pass经过；vary不同；move移动。when the time comes for…表示“到……的时候”。故选A。
6.句意:然而，其他的火烈鸟好像都没注意到，因此这一小群火烈鸟又飞回到湖面上。空后表示结果。故选C。
7.根据空后的“This time a few more struggle along with them”可知，第二天，这些少数的先行者会再次尝试起飞。gather聚集；try尝试；sing唱歌；observe观察。故选B。
8.句意:这一次有一些与它们一起起飞，但绝大多数仍然没注意到，所以这些先行者又回来了。pay no attention表示“没注意到”。故选D。
9.根据空后的“The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join”可知，情况发生了改变，又有一些火烈鸟加入。approach靠近；work起作用；change改变；disappear消失。故选C。
10.根据空前的“though”及空后的“is enough to tip the balance”可知，尽管总数仍然很小，但足以起决定性作用。significant重大的；reasonable合理的；mass大量的；small小的。故选D。
11.根据空后的“the whole group takes flight”可知，作为一个整体，整个群体起飞了。as作为。故选A。
12.句意:作为一个整体，整个群体飞了起来，迁徙开始了。continue继续；recover恢复；finish 完成；begin开始。故选D。
13.根据空后的“thousands of flamingos flying to the sky at once”可知，成千上万只火烈鸟同时飞上天空，场面是非常惊人的。familiar熟悉的；strange奇怪的；alarming惊人的；poor贫穷的。故选C。
14.根据上文所述的火烈鸟的故事可知，少数人也可以产生影响（改变世界）。make a difference表示“起作用；有影响”。故选C。
15.正是因为那些少数人的不知疲倦的努力，世界上所有的大问题才能被解决。useless无用的；tireless不知疲倦的；extra额外的；special特别的。故选B。

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