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2022年广东省中考英语【B篇阅读理解】专项突破练习
第三部分 阅读理解（本题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分）
阅读短文内容，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案，
第（一）篇
When we think about the deserts of the world, water abundance is one of the last things that come to mind. But that might change for the Taklamakan Desert (塔克拉玛干沙漠) in China.
There is a huge underground sea that has more water than all of the great lakes in total in North America. "People have never dared to imagine so much water under the sand before, "said Professor Li Yan.
A basin is, a valley that usually collects water from the mountain drainage(排水) systems, like water that has melted and is running down from nearby, snow-covered mountains. But, if you look at the Tarim (塔里木)basin, you won't see any water.
That's partly because local people collect most of the melt water to irrigate crops. The rest either seeps into the ground or evaporates into the dry desert air.
So how did this desert have such huge water It dates back to 2,000 years ago when farmers in the region began irrigating the land. And the soil of the local farmlands is salty, like the sea. "As a result, agricultural development over human history has enhanced the carbon sink," they write in their report.
They estimate(估计)that as much as 10 times the amount in all of the great lakes could be down there. The scientists don't advise locals to go digging for it, though, because it's extremely salty sea water.
( )1.Where does the story happen？
A.China. B.Japan. C.North America D.Africa
( )2.What did they discover in Taklamakan Desert
A.Oil. B.Air. C.Water. D.Plants.
( )3.What does the underlined word "basin" in Chinese in Paragraph 3
A.盆地 B.脸盆 C.基建 D.水域
( )4.Why do the scientists advise locals not to dig for the water
A.Because it's a dirty sea. B.Because it's salty.
C.Because it's not huge enough. D.Because they think it's bad for the desert.
( )5.What does the passage mainly write about
A.The Taklamakan Desert. B.The Tarim basin.
C.Water abundance in China. D.A huge underground sea in Taklamakan Desert.
第（2）篇
Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been catching the world's attention, because scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will make the climate worse and threaten biodiversity（生物多样性）.
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called "the lungs of the world". It is also home to about 3 million plants and animals, and 1 million native people. Rainforests play an important role in the world's ecosystem（生态系统） because they can take in heat. They can also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, making that less carbon is given off, mitigating the effects of climate change.
"Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity," said Thomas Lovejoy. "The most serious threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the air," he added. "In the center of the global climate crisis（危机）, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected," Antonio said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. "The forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have dropped between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months," Carlos Nobre said.
( )1.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in Paragraph 1
A.fires B.scientists C.environmental groups D.rainforests
( )2.Which of the following words has the closest meaning with the underlined word "mitigating" in Paragraph 2
A.减少 B.增加 C.引起 D.产生
( )3.What can we know from Paragraph 3
A.The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
B.Carbon dioxide is important in the air.
C.Oxygen has nothing to do with global climate crisis.
D.Forests play an important role in biodiversity.
( )4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage
A.3 million plants, animals and people live in Amazon.
B.Rainforests can store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
C.Carbon dioxide goes into the air will do no harm to us.
D.Ecosystem can take in heat and give off carbon dioxide.
( )5.What's the best title of the passage
A.The climate change crisis.
B.The forest areas are decreasing.
C."The lungs of the earth" is burning.
D.The world's ecosystem is under attack.
第（三）篇
Billions of locusts (蝗虫) are moving through farms and fields in the East African countries of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia.
Locusts are grasshoppers. Normally grasshoppers don't travel in groups and so they do little harm. But when there are lots of them, their bodies and behavior change. That's when they become locusts. Locusts travel in huge groups, laying eggs along the way, which produce even more locusts. In a single day, a small swarm (群) of the insects can eat as much food as 35,000 people do.
The locust swarms in Ethiopia and Somalia are the worst in 25 years. These locusts are desert locusts. They began swarming about six months ago. By moving with the winds, desert locusts can travel up to 90 miles a day or more.
Locust swarms are more common when heavy rains follow a long dry period. The insects lay their eggs in the wet ground. This season, East Africa has had its heaviest rainy season in 40 years.
When the insects swarm, one square kilometer of land can hold as many as 150 million locusts. There are 700 square kilometers of land covered by the insects in Kenya alone.
The insects are a threat to lives in the region, where food is already in short supply. Already many farmers who keep animals are struggling because locusts have eaten out the plants the animals usually live on.
In East Africa, farmers have been shooting into the air or making noises in the fields, but that doesn't work against so many insects. Experts say that spraying pesticides (杀虫剂) over large areas from airplanes is the only way to reduce the number of insects. The UN has released (释放) $10million to help deal with the locust problem. The UN says about $70 million is needed to truly control the locusts with pesticides.
( )1.Which is TRUE about locusts
A.Normally they don't travel in groups. B.A small swarm of locusts eat a lot of food a day.
C.They lay eggs in the wind. D.They do little harm to the plants.
( )2.East Africa has got the locust problem because ________.
A.the land is too dry to grow crops B.farmers pull out all the grass there
C.poor people love to eat locusts as food D.it has too much rain after the dry season
( )3.How many locusts are there in Kenya
A.About 150,000,000 B.About 700,000,000
C.About 1, 850. 00,000 D.About 105,000,000,000
( )4.According to the passage, a "threat" probably can ________.
A.bring good luck to people B.make people live a happy life
C.cause danger in the future D.help keep more animals
( )5.We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A.farmers are trying to scare the insects off
B.spraying pesticides can't solve the locust problem
C.the UN thinks the locust problem isn't serious
D.East Africa has required no more help so far
第（四）篇
Countries, cities and people all have their own heroes. There are different kinds of heroes: politicians, soldiers, film stars, sport stars and musicians. And there are many different ways of remembering them, too. Here are some of the things that we do to make sure that we don't forget our heroes.
Sometimes we build statues or sculptures of heroes, especially of politicians and soldiers, but sometimes of writers too. Many cities in South America have a statue of Simon Bolivar(he helped lead many South American countries to independence). And the famous Mount Rushmore in the USA remembers four US presidents of the past.
We often remember soldiers and other people who died in war with a monument,like the Monument to the people's heroes in Beijing, China, or a memorial(纪念物), like the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris.
Some countries have a special remembrance day, like the one every January in the USA for Dr Martin Luther King, the human rights leader.
When Lady Diana Spencer died in 1997, in Paris, many people left flowers and messages near the place where the car accident happened. Now there is a Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park in London.
Sometimes places are named after famous people: for example, Liverpool, in England and Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil both have airports named after local musicians, John Lennon and Tom Jobim.
In Hollywood, The Walk of Fame has the names of film, TV and music celebrities in stars on the pavement(人行道). Very famous celebrities have their handprints, footprints and autographs in concrete (混凝土) at Hollywood's Grauman's Chinese Theatre.
Different countries and people remember their heroes in different ways.
( )1.Whom is the Mount Rushmore for
A.For Lady Diana. B.For Simon Bolivar.
C.For four US presidents. D.For Martin Luther King.
( )2.When is the special day for Dr Martin Luther King in America
A.Every January. B.Every February. C.Every November. D.Every December.
( )3.The underlined word“monument”in the passage means“________”．
A.historic site B.beautiful park C.clear sky D.fresh air
( )4.Celebrities leave ________ in concrete at Hollywood's Grauman's Chinese Theatre.
A.their own photos
B.handprints, footprints and autographs
C.the posters of their works
D.flowers and messages
( )5.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.It's important to remember our national heroes.
B.Different countries have different ways to remember heroes.
C.We can do new activities to make sure that we don't forget our heroes.
D.Only politicians, soldiers, film stars, sport stars and musicians are heroes.
第（五）篇
Our house was across the street from a big hospital, so we rented our empty upstairs rooms to outpatients (门诊病人) .One evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly sick-looking man.
His face looked terrible—it was swollen (肿胀的) and red. Yet his voice was pleasant He told me that he came for treatment and that he'd been hunting for a spare room since noon, but no one would give him one because of his face.
For a moment I hesitated (犹豫), but he said he would be happy to just sleep on our porch (门廊), I agreed.
The old man had a huge heart inside his tiny body. He told me that he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her crippled (残废的) husband.
He didn't complain while telling me his story. He was grateful that he didn't feel any pain from his disease, which was seemingly a form of skin cancer (皮肤癌).
The next morning, he said, "Can I come back and stay the next time I need treatment " I told him he was welcome to come again.
On his next trip, as a gift, he brought a big fish and some large oysters (牡蛎) .In the years that he stayed with us, there was never a time that he did not bring us gifts like these.
My neighbor warned me that I could lose potential (潜在的) renters by putting up the old man after he left the first morning.
Maybe we did lose renters once or twice. But if only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have. Known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude (谢意).
( )1.The author hesitated to answer at first, which suggests that ________.
A.his decision was not an easy one
B.he was happy to accept the old man
C.there were no empty rooms upstairs
D.he wondered how the old man found him
( )2.Which of the following shows that the old man had a big heart
A.He could sleep on the porch.
B.He supported a large family.
C.He didn't care about his wife's life
D.He was grateful to have skin cancer
( )3.What did the writer think of the neighbor who warned him
A.The neighbor wanted gifts from the old man.
B.The neighbor didn't want to see the old man's face
C.The neighbor might do something bad to the old man.
D.The neighbor didn't see the kind soul inside the old man.
( )4.The author's family will be grateful to have known the man because he ________.
A.stayed only overnight with them
B.often brought precious gifts to them
C.paid them a lot of money for his staying
D.taught them how to accept the bad without complaint
( )5.What is the main message of this article
A.A kind word is like a spring day
B.Where there is a will, there is away
C.Never judge others by their appearance.
D.No attention is paid to those who are always complaining.
第（六）篇
Amy is a biologist(生物学家)working at a marine(海洋的) park. These kinds of parks provide fun and education for tens of thousands of people each year.
Amy takes care of many animals in the park, but she also does important research. As she observes the animals that she looks after, she learns more about their needs and behavior. This information helps the animals in the park, but it can also be used to protect other members of the species in the wild.
It's hard work to look after these animals. Their needs often change according to different hours of the day. So Amy must depend on her science knowledge and good number sense to help her make the right decisions all day long.
Even though dolphins spend much of their time underwater, they are mammals(哺乳动物). This means that they must come to the surface to take in air. Dolphins give birth to their young. They're not hatched from eggs. Just like all other mammals, mother dolphins must nurse, or feed milk to their babies.
Amy and her team know this first-hand. One of their dolphins recently gave birth. A baby dolphin is not small, either. It was almost 1 meter long the day it was born. A big dolphin usually eats about 4% of its body weight in food every day. Amy knows that a mother dolphin that is nursing needs twice the food. So when the baby dolphin was born, Amy immediately doubled the mother's food every day.
( )1.How much food does a 300 kg mother dolphin need every day
A.600kg. B.12kg. C.24kg D.52 kg.
( )2.What does Amy need to make the right decision according to this passage
A.Good eyes and quick mind.
B.Swimming skills and spirit of competition.
C.Love and care for animals.
D.Science knowledge and good number sense.
( )3.What does the underlined word "observes" in Paragraph 2 mean
A.nurses the young animals B.watches something carefully
C.plays with something D.says something about
( )4.Why is the information Amy learns very helpful
A.It helps to protect the animals in the park as well s those in the wild.
B.It offers fun and education to tens of thousands of people.
C.It helps dolphins to feed milk to their babies.
D.It helps underwater animals to come to the surface.
( )5.What does this passage mainly talk about
A.dolphins' life and food B.Amy's job at a marine park
C.education in a park D.protecting animals in the wild
第（七）篇
Rudy heard a noise coming from the old log (原木)at the bottom of the garden. He pushed his way through the long grass. There, inside an old log, Rudy saw a puppy (小狗) curled up, crying like a baby. He had always wanted a dog but his mum refused. Now he could have the dog.
The puppy had stopped crying when his friend Jacob arrived. Jacob touched its soft fur and said, It has a long nose for a dog and big feet. It looks so different." Rudy looked around and told Jacob they can make a comfortable home in this old log and take turns bringing it food. They called it Banjo. Then, Rudy and Jacob visited Banjo every day. Rudy's mum became suspicious and wondered why kids were always down in that wild garden.
But one day, when they went to see Banjo, there was a thorn (刺) in its foot. They took it to Rudy's bedroom and pulled out the thorn. Rudy had to keep Banjo in his cupboard. The next day, when Rudy got home from school, his mother said, "Rudy, a wolf cub came into the house today! It curled up in your cupboard, Rudy felt so surprised. Banjo was a wolf!
"What did you do " he asked slowly.
"The wildlife rescue people took it away," said his mum. "They said they had never seen such a little wolf could look after itself so well. "
After a while, Judy called Jacob and told him about that in a sad voice. "Well, Banjo was a wolf all the time. I believe it’ll be happier back in the wild where it belongs. " Jacob said.
( )1.Rudy saw a puppy inside an old log in the ____________________.
A.mountain B.garden C.river D.village
( )2.Rudy's friend Jacob found the little dog so different with a long nose and __________.
A.big ears B.small eyes C.big feet D.small teeth
( )3.Rudy and Jacob ______________ for the puppy.
A.bought a big house B.did not provide any food
C.didn't choose a name D.make a comfortable home
( )4.Rudy and Jacob take Banjo to the house because
A.Rudy had to pull out the thorn in its foot. B.Banjo ran inside the house alone.
C.Rudy's mother wanted to take Banjo home. D.Banjo truly needed to see a doctor.
( )5.What can we learn from the article
A.Banjo must be sad to leave Rudy's house. B.The wildlife rescue people killed Banjo.
C.It's better for Banjo to return to the nature. D.Banjo could look after itself so well.
第（八）篇
Do you drink water that’s been left sitting out overnight or even for another day Have you noticed it tastes different
Tap water(自来水) that has been left to sit out slowly begins to get an off taste. Many people think that this is because of microorganisms(微生物). But that’s not what makes old water taste not fresh. For that we can think of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). After about 12 hours, tap water starts to go flat as carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with the water in the glass, lowering its PH and giving it an off taste. But it's most likely not harmful to drink.
However, back to those microorganisms. If you use a dirty glass day after day, there will be more chances to get bacteria(细菌). The risk will increase if you share the glass with another mouth as well. But supposing you use a fresh glass every few days, you probably won't have a problem unless the glass has been touched by dirty fingers, and especially if those dirty fingers went unwashed after using the bathroom.
As for plastic water bottles that have been left out in the sun or in the car, step away from the bottles, warns Dr. Kellogg Schwab, director of the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute. “A chemical named biphenyl-A, or BPA, along with other things used to make plastic can leach(过滤) into your water if the bottle heats up or sits in the sun,” he explains. BPA, as you probably know, has been linked to everything from serious heart problems to cancer. Schwab also adds that plastic used for commercial bottled water isn’t supposed to be washed or refilled, so use only one time and recycle. Or don't buy them at all; use refillable water bottles instead.
( )1.Tap water begin to have an off taste because of______.
A.carbon dioxide B.BPA C.the glass D.the microorganism
( )2.According to Paragraph 2, tap water that's been left sitting out for 12 hours______.
A.has few microorganisms B.is still safe to drink
C.tastes better than before D.is likely undrinkable
( )3.According to Paragraph 3, what is the right way to drink with a glass
A.To share the glass with another person. B.To hold the clean glass with dirty hands.
C.To keep your hands and glass clean. D.To drink after using the bathroom.
( )4.What should we do with plastic water bottles that are left out in the sun or in the car
A.Use them after they cool down. B.Clean them and use them again.
C.Throw the bottles away. D.Refill them with fresh water.
( )5.Which of the following is true about BPA
A.It is safe for people to use. B.It is a kind of new material.
C.It is the main material to make plastic. D.It can cause great harm to people.
第（九）篇
Gyms(健身房)across China have been made to close so that they couldn't help spread the virus in 2020. A number of gyms have started classes online so their customers can keep healthy from home. Lauren Hogan, General Manager for F45 in Shanghai, told BBC that her gyms are offering lessons on WeChat.
"Every day my coaches have created a circuit-based training depending on our programming. ''Coaches have created lists of exercises and they are recording videos, but having fun with it, too." Ms. Hogan said there are groups in WeChat for customers to share the day's exercise they have completed. In fact, the videos have helped customers talk and know that there is a resource for them, and customers have been very happy and grateful. Ms. Hogan and her coaches have got personal thank you messages.
A music festival called Strawberry Music Festival, which has been hosted in several Chinese cities, also has conduct its own indoor music festival named "Hi, I am also at home,,. The festival was held for five days and many musical acts joined it. The shows were pre-recorded, however viewers were able to discuss the music together in the comments section as if they were watching a show together.
Bookshops have also had to think of new ways of reaching customers, a double blow (双重打击)to an industry that is already competing against online shops. Chengdu Fang Suo Bookstore is located in a shopping centre in the city. One bookseller named Jin Jin said that it usually interests customers with its peaceful environment, however it has turned to Wechat to help bring in income (收入).Shop workers made their own book lists in WeChat groups. Customers could order the books from their online store.
Elsewhere in China, 1200 Bookstore in Guangzhou, a 24-hour shop, has been selling gift cards, tote bag and "blind gift packages" as a way to bring in income. But the store's owner warned its customers on social media that it might not be long before 1200 Bookstore would have to shut permanently (永久地).As a result, he has got lots of supportive messages from followers.
( )1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A.Gyms have not been closed because of virus.
B.Online gyms made people keep fit outside.
C.Gyms, like F45 are offering lessons online.
D.Ms. Hogan is a manager for F45 in London.
( )2.Which of the following is true about F45 according to Paragraph 2
A.Coaches have created a new running programming.
B.Coaches asked customers to record exercise videos.
C.Customers can't write or tell ideas in Wechat groups.
D.Customers had a lot of fun and were thankful to F45.
( )3.What does the underlined phrase "conduct" most probably mean in Chinese
A.假装 B.举办 C.增加 D.打开
( )4.What is the writer's purpose of writing the last two paragraphs
A.To tell people how to buy books in 1200 Bookstore.
B.To encourage people to read more books in bookshops.
C.To show the bookshop's new ways to reach customers.
D.To introduce the importance of online bookshops.
( )5.The passage is most probably taken from _________________.
A.a news report B.a movie poster C.a history book D.a cook magazine
第（十）篇
If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a "lesson" in sorting(分类)garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations(规章)on July 1, 2019.
As China' s first city to carry out strict regulations on garbage sorting and recycling, Shanghai requires its residents(居民) to sort garbage into four categories(类别), namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
Since the regulation took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced by an average of 15, 500 tons, dropping 26 percent from the end of 2018, while the average daily weight of recyclables hits 4, 500 tons, five times higher than the end of 2018, according to the Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau.
The city also rebuilt 21, 000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40, 000 waste bins have been dated(更新). The city's waste collection and transportation system is complete, according to the bureau.
"Proper waste sorting protects the environment and saves natural resources, " said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. "Led by the central government, Shanghai is making efforts to develop long-term solutions to garbage management. "
However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping(倾倒).
According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin.
This separation is necessary, as it ensures that the wet garbage will decompose(分解)properly and become useful organic(有机的)waste, the bureau said.
Plastic bags can affect this process. Some people in Shanghai are instead using paper bags that can biodegrade(生物降解)or plastic containers that can be washed and reused, according to Xinhua.
( )1.People in Shanghai are asked to sort their garbage into the ___________categories.
A.harmful, recyclable, dry and wet waste B.recyclable, dry, harmful and kitchen waste
C.recyclable, kitchen, dry and "other" waste D.harmful, recyclable, dry and "other" waste
( )2.What does the third paragraph tell us
A.The garbage-sorting regulation has already brought improvements.
B.Recyclable waste comes out to two-thirds of the total daily waste.
C.In 2019, people produced less waste than in 2018.
D.Shanghai needs stricter rules to deal with waste.
( )3.According to Deng Jianping, Shanghai ____________.
A.has added more than 40, 000 waste bins
B.will help other cities make garbage-sorting regulations
C.has had problems with garbage management
D.is still looking for long-term solutions to deal with garbage
( )4.What does "this process" in the last paragraph refer to
A.The process of sorting garbage.
B.The process of dumping wet waste.
C.The process of decomposing wet waste.
D.The separation of wet waste and dry waste.
( )5.This article tell us ____________.
A.why Shanghai must sort their garbage.
B.the reason of the garbage-sorting regulation and some achievements.
C.how Shanghai sorts their garbage
D.how to protect our environment
【参考答案】
阅读理解
第1篇：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D
第2篇：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
第3篇：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A
第4篇：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B
第5篇：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C
第6篇：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B
第7篇：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C
第8篇：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D
第9篇：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
第10篇：1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
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