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(共52张PPT)
人教版八年级下期末
易错单词、短语和知识点总结
by Nancy
一、易混单词
（一）lie撒谎与躺的用法辨析
①lie躺，不及物动词，动次变化形式lie--lay--lain--lying
②lie撒谎，不及物动词， lie to sb对某人撒谎， 动词变化形式lie--lied--lied--lying
(二)sick与ill的辨析
①sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。
②ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，be ill in hospital 生病住院。
ill → illness n.“病；疾病
（三）because/because of 的辨
①because连词，后接句子;because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一
②because of介词短语，后接名词或/ving。
（四）alone / lonely 辨析
①alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感彩。
②lonely ①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的
（五）sound/noise/voice 的辨析
①sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。
②noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。
③voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）。
（六）borrow /lend/keep 借
① borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“借进来”
②lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
③keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用, 指借一段时间
（七）get/ become/ go辨析
① get+adj. 较多地与形容词比较级连用。
②become 强调变化的结果
③go+ adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏
（八）elder /older的辨析
①elder 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语
② older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。
（九）instead /instead of的用法辨析
①instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。
②instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中
instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
（十）some time /sometime/some times/sometimes的用法辨析
① some time一段时间，做时间状语
②sometime adv 在某个时候，
③some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍”
④sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）
（十一）already/yet的区别
①already用于现在完成时的肯定句
②yet用于现在完成时的否定句和问句
二.易混短语
（一）see sb. do sth /see sb. doing sth的辨析
①see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）
②see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）
(二)thanks for与thanks to的辨析
①thanks to 对亏；由于 ⑴thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，这个短语表示原因，to表示感谢的对象
② thanks for ，意为―因……而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或 v-ing
thanks相当于 thank you
（三）3.too much/too many/much too 的辨析
①much “很多” （+不可数名词）
②too much “太多”（+不可数名词）
③many “很多” （ +可数名词）
④too many “太多”（ +可数名词）
⑤much too“太...”（形容词或副词）
（四）used to do/be used to doing的辨析
①used to do过去常常做某事
②be used to doing, 短语中的to为介词，翻译为“习惯做某事”
（五）含up的短语
put up 张贴 搭建 举起 give up放弃 take up 占用
make up 组成 编造 clean up 打扫 cheer up 使… 振奋
fix up 修理 look up 查阅 wake up 醒来 stay up熬夜
end up 结束 turn up调大声音 send up 发射 pick up拾起；接
（六）含out的动词短语
hand out 分发 take out 拿出 look out 当心
put out 熄灭
turn out结果是；被证明是
（七）含away的动词短语
take away 拿走put away 收起来
give away 捐赠
（八）与look相关的短语
look for 寻找 look after=take care of照看
look like看起来像 look the same看起来一样
look over检查,复习 look through；浏览；温习,检查
look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查单词
look around环视 look forward to期望
（九）fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法辨析
①fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡；睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。
②sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。
③go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。
④get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。
⑤ go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。
（十）think of / think about / think over辨析①think of : 思考，考虑，对….有某种看法: 想出, 想着，想起
②think about: 思考，考虑，对….有某种看法
③think over意为―仔细考虑，认真考虑，强调思考的程度比think of/ about深(为副词短语)
（十一）与take相关的短语
take in吸收；欺骗 take down拆除
take off脱衣服；起飞 take up占据；着手做
take out拿出 take away拿走
三、易混知识点
（一）neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 与so +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语的用法辨析
①neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语，表示某人也一样，上面提到的情况一定是否定句
②so +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语，表示某人也一样，上面提到的情况一定是肯定句
(二)when和while的辨析
①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。
（三）宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的辨析
①宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。
②如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态，如果主句用一般过去时，从句必须用过去式的某种形式。
（四）不定代词another/the other/ other/others的用法辨析
①another “ 另一个； 另外的” ,泛指三种或三种以上的另一个。
②others “另一些” , 和some对比使用时，无“其他”之意。
③the others “其余的” , 指在一个范围内的其他全部。
④the other “另一个” , 指两者中的另一个。
（五）现在完成时中have/has been to/ have/has gone to/have/has been in的用法辨析
①have/has gone to―到某地去，说话时该人不在现场
②have/has been to―曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示―去过某地几次，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。
③have been in表示―在某地呆了多少时间，常与时间段状语连用。
（六）6.the number of/a number of 的用法辨别
①the number of 表示……的数目，后跟名词复数或代词,其后的谓语动词用单数。
②a number of 表示大量的，许多，后跟复数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。
（七）英语中“也”的知识归纳
① 主语 + neither 否定句中的“也”
neither +助动词/be/情态动词 + 主语, 完整的否定句后加either，但要加逗号隔开。
②主语 + too 肯定句中的“也”,
so +助动词/be+ 主语, 完整的肯定句后加too，且要用逗号隔开。
（八）现在完成时中， for与since的用法辨析
① for＋表示一段时间的词语
② since＋表示过去时间点的词语
③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句
④since＋一段时间＋ago.
四、相关练习题
（一）单项选择
1.---The meat is ____ delicious.
---Yes, but don’t eat _____.
A. too much; too much B. much too; too much
C. too much much too D. much too; much too
2. ---Must I finish my homework now
---No, you ______. You can go home now.
A.needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
3.---What did you see
---I saw many boys________ games near the river.
A. played B. playing C. plays D. to play
4. ---Why did you get up late this morning
--- _________I stayed up late last night.
A. Because B. So C. Because of D. But
5. If you ______ for your favorite TV programs, you will feel sleepy.
A. stay up B. set up C. stay at D. pick up
6. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
7. ---What should I do when the earthquake happens, Dad
---First of all, it’s important to_____ and hide yourself in the corners of the room.
A.calm down B. put down C. get down D. fall down
8.Kate didn’t go to the movie last night because she had to ________ her sick dog at home.
A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after
9. She did not see Smith .________.
A. Neither did I B. Nor didn’t I
C. Neither I did D. So didn’t I
10. You could save some money _____ you can buy a gift for your mother.
A. in order to B. because C .so D. so that
11. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games.
A. play B. are playing
C. have played D. were playing
12. The news was very ________ , and all of us were________ .
A. surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprised
C. surprising; surprising D. surprising ; surprised
13.Elleen Gu is________ famous ________ all the skating fans in China know her.
A. too; to B. enough; to C. as; as D. so; that
14. Teresa is ________ nervous ________ she can't talk in front of the class.
A. such, that B. too, to C. so, that D. very, so
15. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ____.
A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrives D. arrived
16. You will be late for school________ you don’t get up early
A. but B. if C. and D. or
17. －Many boy students think math is ______ English.
－I agree. I’m weak in English.
A. much difficult than B. so difficult as
C. less difficult than D. more difficult than
18. ---Could you please speak a little more ________
---I can’t follow you.
A. quietly B. quickly C. loudly D. slowly
19. ---Do you know our town at all
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
20. --I’d like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.
---I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ____ there.
A.have been B. had been
C. have gone D. has gone
21. Her answer is not correct, and ________.
A. neither am I B. either is mine
C. neither is mine D. mine is neither
22. —There ’re four bedrooms in the house,_______with its own shower.
—That’s what I want.I’ve got a few kids.
A.either B.neither C.each D.none
23. -Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday
--If I don’t go , ________.
A.so does he B. so will he
C. neither does he D. neither will he
24.Mr. Stark ______________this wallet when he was 30 years old. He ___________ it for 6 years.
A. bought, has had B. bought, has
C. has bought; has had D. has bought, had
25. -- When shall we leave China
－How I love China! We won't leave _______________we visit all the places of interest here.
A. until B. while C.as D. since
26. We _______________ China ________________ three years. We like it very much.
A. have been in, since B. have gone to, since
C. have been to, for D. have been in, for
（二）用单词的适当形式填空
1.The police are looking for the criminals who_______________(hurt) the boy last night.
2.As we know, a cow has four_______________(stomachache).
3.While my father was reading a book, my mother _________(watch) TV.
4.My sister is very healthy and now she ____________ (weigh) 50 kilos.
hurt
stomaches
was watching
weighs
（二）用单词的适当形式填空
5.Her big black eyes were bright with _____________ (excited).
6.There are lots of ____________ (tour) coming to China every year.
7.The __________(develop) of technology makes it possible to work at home.
8.Uncle Wang doesn’t drive as ______________ (careful) as Uncle Liu.
excitement
tourists
development
carefully
（二）用单词的适当形式填空
9.I met some _________(German) on my way home. They asked me the way to the museum.
10.It is a (an) _________(usual) experience, few people have chances to do it.
11.Life is a long journey, so we should prepare ____________(oneself) for the road ahead
The population of elephants ___________(drop) by more than 40% in the past 30 years.
Germans
unusual
ourselves
has dropped
（三）句型转换
1.China has a population of over 1.3 billion. （提问）
____________ ____________ population of China
2.This road is four times as wide as that one. (同义句）
= This road is 4 times ____________ ____________of that one.
What’s
the
the
width
（三）句型转换
3.He asked me when I was leaving the next day. (同义句）
＝He asked me ____________ ____________ ____________the next day.
4.这首歌让我想起了我的童年。（翻译）
The song ____________ me ____________my childhood.
when
to
leave
of
reminds
（三）句型转换
5.Mr. Green came to China several years ago. (同义句）
Mr. Green ____________ ____________in China ____________several years.
6.His grandfather died three years ago. (同义句)
= His grandfather ____________ ____________ ____________for three years.
has
been
since
has
been
dead
（三）句型转换
7.Tom left his hometown three months ago. (同义句）
=Tom ____________ ____________ ____________from his hometown for three months.
8.Can you tell me the depth of the river (同义句）
= Can you tell mc ____________ ____________ the river is
has
been
away
how
deep
Thank you!

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