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2022年北京中考英语模拟试卷5
一．选择题（共12小题，满分6分，每小题0.5分）
1．（.5分）（2022 海淀区校级开学）Alice，can you write and tell us something about__________？（　　）
A．yours B．your C．yourself D．yourselves
2．（.5分）（2021 北京二模）Lisa works as a volunteer _________ the old people's home every Sunday.（　　）
A．in B．on C．over D．along
3．（.5分）（2020 密云区开学）The roads in my hometown are than before．（　　）
A．wide B．wider C．widest D．the widest
4．（.5分）（2020春 海淀区校级月考）﹣ Your skirt looks beautiful． did you buy it？
﹣ At the shopping mall in my hometown．（　　）
A．Who B．Why C．When D．Where
5．（.5分）（2020 西城区二模）Hurry up， we will miss the best part of the show．（　　）
A．or B．and C．but D．although
6．（.5分）（2021 丰台区一模）—________ you drive a car？
—No， I can't. I can ride a bike.（　　）
A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need
7．（.5分）（2021 北京二模）My father is very patient.He often me with my homework.（　　）
A．helps B．helped C．will help D．has helped
8．（.5分）（2017 平谷区一模）Mary asked her grandpa smoking．（　　）
A．give up B．giving up C．to give up D．gave up
9．（.5分）（2022 海淀区校级开学）—Could you please tell me _________？
—Of course.It's behind Big Screen Cinema.（　　）
A．where Good Luck Hotel is
B．where is Good Luck Hotel
C．where Good Luck Hotel was
D．where was Good Luck Hotel
10．（.5分）（2021 房山区二模）More parks in Beijing next year.
A．build B．are built
C．will build D．will be built
11．（.5分）（2021 昌平区二模）You ________ sleepy and tired if you go to bed late at night.
A．feel B．will feel
C．feeling D．are feeling
12．（.5分）（2020 海淀区一模）﹣﹣______does your mother go to the supermarket？
﹣﹣Once a week．（　　）
A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon
二．完形填空（共1小题，满分8分，每小题8分）
13．（8分）（2022 海淀区一模）It was January 2021．My second term in high school had just ended．Two weeks earlier，my parents checked my grades and（1）　 　more than 20 missing tasks．
Bright and able as I was，I had often struggled（挣扎）with（2）　 　and procrastination（拖延），especially with writing tasks．But this time was different，and the pandemic（疫情）was to blame．I was doing my first year partly from home﹣where I did my schoolwork on my own time，and，for the most part，without teacher guidance．
The（3）　 　was too much．I could do a million other things rather than my homework．I told my mom what I was missing from my teachers and classmates，"When a teacher walks around the classroom，you want to be on task，and you don't want to fall behind the other students．
My parents tried to help，but their（4）　 　fell far short of their expectations．Tired from working long days，they criticized rather than advised．Late﹣night learning hours ended in（5）　 　matches．All three of us were upset and stressed out．
We knew we couldn't solve this alone．So when my mom heard that Steve Merrill，an experienced teacher，could help，she（6）　 　out．
Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas：task organization and time management．He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones．We met twice a week，over video，where we could look over my tasks and put the skill into practice．After a few months，I started to see positive results．My grades were improving．My work habits were becoming more regular．There were（7）　 　late﹣night learning hours and fights．
The other evening I came downstairs to ask my parents for help with a writing task．There was something different．I had（8）　 　most of it two days before the deadline!While I don't expect this school year to be easy，I now have some of the tools I need to help me through it．
（1）A．counted B．finished C．changed D．gave
（2）A．discussion B．expression C．competition D．organization
（3）A．knowledge B．stress C．freedom D．advice
（4）A．rules B．efforts C．habits D．experiences
（5）A．searching B．reading C．joking D．shouting
（6）A．reached B．helped C．worked D．dropped
（7）A．better B．fewer C．stronger D．busier
（8）A．shared B．forgotten C．completed D．mistaken
三．阅读理解（共4小题，满分26分）
14．（6分）（2022 平谷区一模）The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were more than a sporting event.They were also a showcase（展示）for science and technology.Let's look at some.
A lot of different kinds of robots served visitors and athletes during the Olympics.Some machines were used to enforce social distancing requirements related to COVID﹣19. Robots could also transport equipment，clean surfaces，prepare and carry food to limit human﹣to﹣human contact.
The National Speed Skating Oval is said to have"the fastest ice"because 12 new Olympic records and one world record were set there.The secret is a new ice﹣making technology.Liquid carbon dioxide（ 液态二氧化碳） is put under the ice to keep temperature changes on the ice surface within half a degree.That keeps the ice flat.Flat ice is easier to skate on.
During the speed skating race，athletes can reach speeds of up to 18 meters per second.To capture（捕捉） every exciting moment of the competition，Lie Bao was used for the event. Lie Bao can record speeds of up to 25 meters per second.It closely tracks（ 跟踪） the athletes' movements and captures various scenes during speed skating.
Gu Ailing got a historic gold medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics in the women's freestyle skiing Big Air on Feb 8. She won with her first 1620 ﹣ four and a half full rotations（旋转） which have been presented to people in the way of a"time slice".The system shows the athletes' movements from takeoff to landing in one frame（画面）.
（1）Lie Bao was used during 　 　．
A.The ice hockey match
B.The ski jumping event
C.the speed skating race
D.the freestyle skiing event
（2）　 　can show the game from the beginning to the end in one frame.
A.The robot
B.The fastest ice
C.The high﹣speed camera
D.The time slice
（3）The new ice﹣making technology is to 　 　．
A.keep the ice flat
B.limit human﹣to﹣human contact
C.capture every exciting moment of the competition
D.keep the ice at the same temperature
15．（6分）（2022 顺义区一模）We've known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences（后果），like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study published last week，conducted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary （久坐不动的） behavior is related to reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe （中额叶），a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，aged 45 to 70，about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant relation between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe （剧烈的 ）exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don't even have to move much to improve cognition（认知）；just standing will do the trick（ 获得成功）．For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants were asked to name the color，like the word " green" in blue ink.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by 3 milliseconds.
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.
I know，this all runs counter to （ 与……背道而驰） received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous "The Thinker"，seated with chin on his hand.
They were wrong.You can now all stand up.
（1）What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
B.Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
D.Severe exercise can protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
（2）What is the received idea about deep thought？ 　 　
A.We should stand while thinking.
B.Sitting is better when we think.
C.More exercise can improve our cognition.
D.Sitting more is good for our mental health.
（3）The passage mainly tells us 　 　.
A.people tend to sit while they are thinking
B.physical exercise can improve our brain health
C.standing more and sitting less can make our brain healthier
D.sedentary behavior will increase the thickness of the medial temporal lobe
16．（6分）（2022 海淀区一模）
Why Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure？
According to classic economic theory，the higher the reward，the better the expected performance．As a result，we could expect the best performance at the most important moments．But why do we so often see the most talented and experienced athletes perform much worse than expected in important competitions like the Olympics？
Why the Drop in Performance？
It is not necessarily true that there's a direct relationship between incentives （激励） and achievement．Research has shown that increased motivation （动机） beyond a certain level harms an athlete's performance．We call this phenomenon "choking under pressure"．Greater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal （兴奋）．The relationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape （倒U形），meaning that performance is the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over﹣arousal．
The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to create performance pressure．Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes' performance in skill﹣based games．When people overthink or consciously monitor each step，the drop in performance happens．
（2）_____
Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions，another thing that may add pressure is the level of expectations．An experiment suggested high audience expectations harm performance in a skill﹣based task．For example，one of the most famous biathletes in history，Martin Fourcade，said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations．
We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon （冬季两项） competitions over 17 years．We have found the most titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to when they compete abroad．The most reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from the homeland．
How to Deal with It？
There are several ways to reduce stress，such as a countdown or taking a deep breath before the task．But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance．Choking under pressure can happen to the best athletes and it's not a shame to admit it．The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them，the more likely they are to succeed at the highest level．
（1）What can we learn from "choking under pressure"？ 　 　
A．The higher the reward，the better the expected performance．
B．Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure．
C．Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athlete's performance．
D．Athletes' performance in games has something to do with their training．
（2）Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5？ 　 　
A．Pressure as a Key to Improving Performance
B．Pressure as a Push for Becoming Top﹣level Athletes
C．High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure
D．High Expectations as an Incentive to Compete in the Home Country
（3）To deal with pressure，the athletes should first 　 　.
A．avoid the possible feelings of pressure
B．share their worries with friends and coaches
C．try their best to succeed at the highest level
D．recognize the effect of stress on performance
17．（8分）（2022春 昌平区校级月考）I am Tom.My brother and I are twins（双胞胎）.We study in the same school.We like our school.Our parents are English teachers.They work hard.My brother and I study at No.1 Middle School.There are twenty five boys and eighteen girls in our class.
We go to school from Monday to Friday.But we feel relaxed on Saturdays and Sundays because we have no classes.On weekdays，we usually get up at six and ha breakfast at 6：30.We usually go to school at 7：00.
Classes begin at 8：00.We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.We have lunch at 12：15 at school.At 3：50 we play sports.
We study Chinese，math，English，geography，physics，history， politics and other subjects.We like Chinese.And we are good at it.We go home at 17：00.We have dinner at 18：00.We do our homework at seven and finish it at nine every evening and then we usually go to bed at half past nine，but sometimes we go to bed at about ten.We always study hard.
（1）What is Tom's mother's job？ 　 　
A.A musician.
B.A student.
C.A teacher.
D.A star.
（2）What does the underlined word "politics" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese？ （第三段的画线单词"politics"的中文意思是什么？） 　 　
A.环境
B.地球
C.家务
D.政治
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to？ （第三段的画线单词"it"指代什么？） 　 　
A.Chinese.
B.Math.
C.English.
D.History.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　 　
A.There are 43 students in Tom's class.
B.Tom and his brother have six classes on weekends.
C.Tom and his brother have lunch at home every day.
D.It takes Tom and his brother three hours to finish their homework.
四．阅读表达（共1小题，满分10分，每小题10分）
18．（10分）（2022 延庆区一模）When you take notes in your classes，are you confident that you'll actually go back and look over them？Or do you just write out your notes in class and then completely forget all of the information you wrote down？A useful note﹣taking method can not only save you precious time and energy，but also help you better understand what you learn.
This well﹣known note﹣taking method is called the Cornell Note﹣taking System.It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn.According to Cornell Notes，each page is divided into three sections：the note﹣taking column，the cue column （ 提示栏 ） and summary space.It's very easy.You just need to draw two lines on your note page，leaving a 2.5﹣inch margin on the left and a 2﹣inch margin on the bottom.
The note﹣taking column，which is the biggest space is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.The key point is that you don't write down what you hear word by word.It requires you to be very brief，using short phrases，symbols or keywords to replace long sentences.
To help with future review，you can write some related questions on the left.The next step is to cover the note﹣taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand.Then，by only looking at the questions for key words，try to repeat the content in your own words.
The summary space is designed to help you reflect on what you've learned.Questions may also be useful.For example，what's the significance of these facts？What principles are they based on？What's beyond them？You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings.Don't forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily.
Practice makes perfect.After a few months of using this handy note﹣taking method，you are sure to become the note﹣taking star of your class.And even better，you'll finally be able to remember what you have learned.
（1）Who first developed the Cornell Note﹣taking System？
　 　
（2）What is the biggest space used to do？
　 　
（3）How can you use the cue column？
　 　
（4）Why is the summary space designed？
　 　
（5）Would you like to use this note﹣taking method？Why or why not？
　 　
五．书面表达（共1小题，满分10分，每小题10分）
19．（10分）（2022 平谷区一模）在2022 年北京冬奥会上，苏翊鸣和谷爱凌不断挑战自我，勇夺金牌。
某英文网站正在开展以"我眼中的奥运冠军" 为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你认为是什么造就了他们的成功，这 对你今后的学习和生活有什么启发，以及你会怎么做。
提示词语：train ，love，challenge，insist，support，improve
提示问题：
What makes Olympic champions successful？
What can you learn from them？
How will you do in the future？
_________________________
2022年菁优北京中考英语模拟试卷5
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共12小题，满分6分，每小题0.5分）
1．（.5分）（2022 海淀区校级开学）Alice，can you write and tell us something about__________？（　　）
A．yours B．your C．yourself D．yourselves
【考点】反身代词．
【分析】爱丽斯，你可以写和告诉有关你自己的一些事情吗？
【解答】yours你的，名词性物主代词，your你的，形容词性物主代词，yourself你自己，反身代词，yourselves你们自己，反身代词，结合句意，爱丽斯，你可以写和告诉有关____的一些事情吗？判断空格处词义为"你自己"，用反身代词表示自己。
故选：C。
【点评】掌握选项的含义和用法，结合句意作答。
2．（.5分）（2021 北京二模）Lisa works as a volunteer _________ the old people's home every Sunday.（　　）
A．in B．on C．over D．along
【考点】常用介词的辨析．
【分析】Lisa每周日都在老人之家当志愿者。
【解答】A.in在..里面；B.on在...上面（接触）；C.over表示在...之上（不接触）；D.along沿着，根据句意：Lisa是在老人之家里面做志愿者，in符合题意。
故选：A。
【点评】本题考查介词的词义辨析，在熟知介词词义的基础上，结合句意，仔细分析，便可得出答案。
3．（.5分）（2020 密云区开学）The roads in my hometown are than before．（　　）
A．wide B．wider C．widest D．the widest
【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级．
【分析】我们家乡的马路比以前更宽了．
【解答】A wide 宽的，形容词原级；B wider 更宽的，形容词比较级；C widest 最宽的，形容词最高级；D the widest 最宽的，形容词最高级．句中有than，用形容词的比较级wider．
故选：B．
【点评】句中有than，必用比较级．
4．（.5分）（2020春 海淀区校级月考）﹣ Your skirt looks beautiful． did you buy it？
﹣ At the shopping mall in my hometown．（　　）
A．Who B．Why C．When D．Where
【考点】疑问副词．
【分析】﹣﹣你的裙子看起来很漂亮．你在哪里买的？
﹣﹣在我家乡的购物中心．
【解答】Who谁．Why为什么．When什么时候．Where在哪里．根据At the shopping mall in my hometown"在我家乡的购物中心"可知，对地点提问用Where．
故选：D．
【点评】疑问词通常用来构成疑问句，要根据具体的语境，分清疑问词的用法，选择合适答案．
5．（.5分）（2020 西城区二模）Hurry up， we will miss the best part of the show．（　　）
A．or B．and C．but D．although
【考点】连词辨析．
【分析】快点，否则我们会错过节目最好的部分．
【解答】or表示"否则，或者"，and和，but但是，although虽然。根据"Hurry up快点"、及"we will miss the best part of the show我们会错过节目最好的部分"可知是条件句，应该是"否则"，用or。
故选：A。
【点评】连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系，要结合语境，选择合适连词用法．
6．（.5分）（2021 丰台区一模）—________ you drive a car？
—No， I can't. I can ride a bike.（　　）
A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need
【考点】情态动词．
【分析】﹣﹣你会开车吗？
﹣﹣不，我不会。我会骑自行车。
【解答】Must必须；Can会；Should应该；Need需要。根据No，I can't."不，我不会。"可知，一般疑问句用Can开头。
故选：B。
【点评】情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响，但是要考虑时态，交际用法等，注意一般疑问句用法，结合语境，选择正确答案。
7．（.5分）（2021 北京二模）My father is very patient.He often me with my homework.（　　）
A．helps B．helped C．will help D．has helped
【考点】实义动词的单数第三人称形式．
【分析】我父亲很有耐心。他经常帮我做家庭作业。
【解答】often是一般现在时态的时间状语，主语he是单数第三人称，动词要用单数第三人称形式，分析选项只有A是单数第三人称形式。
故选：A。
【点评】掌握时间副词，判断时态，根据句式分析得出答案。
8．（.5分）（2017 平谷区一模）Mary asked her grandpa smoking．（　　）
A．give up B．giving up C．to give up D．gave up
【考点】不定式短语．
【分析】玛丽让她爷爷戒烟．
【解答】考查不定式短语．A放弃、戒．B动名词．C不定式．D过去式．ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事．用不定式to give up．
故选：C．
【点评】考查不定式短语，在日常学习中要积累一些不定式短语的固定用法，结合语境，选择合适的形式．完成试题．
9．（.5分）（2022 海淀区校级开学）—Could you please tell me _________？
—Of course.It's behind Big Screen Cinema.（　　）
A．where Good Luck Hotel is
B．where is Good Luck Hotel
C．where Good Luck Hotel was
D．where was Good Luck Hotel
【考点】宾语从句．
【分析】﹣你能告诉我好运饭店在哪里吗？
﹣当然。它在大屏幕电影院后面。
【解答】根据题干，可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；时态是一般现在时。排除C。
故选：A。
【点评】熟悉宾语从句的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
10．（.5分）（2021 房山区二模）More parks in Beijing next year.
A．build B．are built
C．will build D．will be built
【考点】一般将来时的被动语态．
【分析】明年北京将建更多的公园。
【解答】主语More parks是动词build的承受者，根据next year可知用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will be+过去分词。
故选：D。
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态和语态准确作答。
11．（.5分）（2021 昌平区二模）You ________ sleepy and tired if you go to bed late at night.
A．feel B．will feel
C．feeling D．are feeling
【考点】一般将来时．
【分析】如果你晚上睡得很晚，你会感到困倦和疲倦。
【解答】结合题干，if引导的从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，所以主句用一般将来时，构成是will do。
故选：B。
【点评】掌握一般将来时的固定用法是解题关键。
12．（.5分）（2020 海淀区一模）﹣﹣______does your mother go to the supermarket？
﹣﹣Once a week．（　　）
A．How often B．How long C．How far D．How soon
【考点】频度（how often）．
【分析】你妈妈多久去一次超级市场？﹣﹣一周一次．
【解答】How long多久，提问时间段；How far多远，提问距离；How often多久一次，提问频度；How soon多久，提问时间．根据Once a week．可知问的是频度．
故选：A．
【点评】仔细分析句子的结构，根据Once a week．结合选项作答．
二．完形填空（共1小题，满分8分，每小题8分）
13．（8分）（2022 海淀区一模）It was January 2021．My second term in high school had just ended．Two weeks earlier，my parents checked my grades and（1）　A　more than 20 missing tasks．
Bright and able as I was，I had often struggled（挣扎）with（2）　D　and procrastination（拖延），especially with writing tasks．But this time was different，and the pandemic（疫情）was to blame．I was doing my first year partly from home﹣where I did my schoolwork on my own time，and，for the most part，without teacher guidance．
The（3）　C　was too much．I could do a million other things rather than my homework．I told my mom what I was missing from my teachers and classmates，"When a teacher walks around the classroom，you want to be on task，and you don't want to fall behind the other students．
My parents tried to help，but their（4）　B　fell far short of their expectations．Tired from working long days，they criticized rather than advised．Late﹣night learning hours ended in（5）　D　matches．All three of us were upset and stressed out．
We knew we couldn't solve this alone．So when my mom heard that Steve Merrill，an experienced teacher，could help，she（6）　A　out．
Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas：task organization and time management．He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones．We met twice a week，over video，where we could look over my tasks and put the skill into practice．After a few months，I started to see positive results．My grades were improving．My work habits were becoming more regular．There were（7）　B　late﹣night learning hours and fights．
The other evening I came downstairs to ask my parents for help with a writing task．There was something different．I had（8）　C　most of it two days before the deadline!While I don't expect this school year to be easy，I now have some of the tools I need to help me through it．
（1）A．counted B．finished C．changed D．gave
（2）A．discussion B．expression C．competition D．organization
（3）A．knowledge B．stress C．freedom D．advice
（4）A．rules B．efforts C．habits D．experiences
（5）A．searching B．reading C．joking D．shouting
（6）A．reached B．helped C．worked D．dropped
（7）A．better B．fewer C．stronger D．busier
（8）A．shared B．forgotten C．completed D．mistaken
【考点】记叙文．
【分析】本文讲述了作者在上学期间，经常挣扎于任务规划和拖延症，父母也无能为力，最终在Steve Merrill老师的帮助下，帮作者成功解决了问题。
【解答】（1）动词辨析。counted数数；finished完成；changed改变；gave给。根据"my parents checked my grades"（我父母检查了我的成绩）可知，此处是说数出了20多个失分的项目。句意：两周前，我的父母检查了我的成绩，数出有20多个失分的项目。故选A。
（2）名词辨析。discussion讨论；expression表达；competition竞赛；organization组织。根据后面"Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas：task organization and time management."（Mr.Merrill告诉我他的学生也有同样的问题：任务组织和时间管理）可知，此处是说任务组织方面。句意：尽管我聪明能干，但我经常挣扎于任务规划和拖延，尤其是在写作任务方面。故选D。
（3）名词辨析。knowledge知识；stress压力；freedom自由；advice建议。根据"I could do a million other things rather than my homework."（我可以做一百万个其它东西而不是作业）可知我有很多的自由。句意：自由太多了。故选C。
（4）名词辨析。rules规则；efforts努力；habits习惯；experiences经历。fall short of...意为"没达到……"，结合选项可知，此处是表达"他们的努力远没有达到期待"，句意：我父母努力帮助，但是他们的努力远没有达到期待。故选B。
（5）动名词辨析。searching搜寻；reading阅读；joking开玩笑；shouting大喊。根据"There were…late﹣night learning hours and fights"（有深夜的学习小时和争吵）可知，此处是说大喊。句意：深夜的学习也总是以争吵而结束。故选D。
（6）动词辨析。reached到达；helped帮助；worked工作；dropped下落。reach out"急切寻求，联系某人求助"，固定短语。当妈妈听说了有经验的Steve Merrill可以帮助我时，她联系到了这位老师。故选A。
（7）比较级辨析。better更好的；fewer更少的；stronger更壮的；busier更忙的。根据"My work habits were becoming more regular."（学习习惯变得越来越有规律，）可知，所以会有更少的深夜学习和打架的时间。深夜学习和打架的时间减少了。故选B。
（8）动词辨析。shared分享；forgotten忘记；completed完成；mistaken误认为。根据前面"My grades were improving.My work habits were becoming more regular.There were…late﹣night learning hours and fights."（我的成绩在提高。我的学习习惯越来越有规律了，深夜学习和打架的时间减少了）可知，我现在学会做规划和时间管理了，强调我的改变，所以此处是说"提前两天就完成了大部分"。句意：我在截止日期前两天就完成了大部分！故选C。
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
三．阅读理解（共4小题，满分26分）
14．（6分）（2022 平谷区一模）The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were more than a sporting event.They were also a showcase（展示）for science and technology.Let's look at some.
A lot of different kinds of robots served visitors and athletes during the Olympics.Some machines were used to enforce social distancing requirements related to COVID﹣19. Robots could also transport equipment，clean surfaces，prepare and carry food to limit human﹣to﹣human contact.
The National Speed Skating Oval is said to have"the fastest ice"because 12 new Olympic records and one world record were set there.The secret is a new ice﹣making technology.Liquid carbon dioxide（ 液态二氧化碳） is put under the ice to keep temperature changes on the ice surface within half a degree.That keeps the ice flat.Flat ice is easier to skate on.
During the speed skating race，athletes can reach speeds of up to 18 meters per second.To capture（捕捉） every exciting moment of the competition，Lie Bao was used for the event. Lie Bao can record speeds of up to 25 meters per second.It closely tracks（ 跟踪） the athletes' movements and captures various scenes during speed skating.
Gu Ailing got a historic gold medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics in the women's freestyle skiing Big Air on Feb 8. She won with her first 1620 ﹣ four and a half full rotations（旋转） which have been presented to people in the way of a"time slice".The system shows the athletes' movements from takeoff to landing in one frame（画面）.
（1）Lie Bao was used during 　C　．
A.The ice hockey match
B.The ski jumping event
C.the speed skating race
D.the freestyle skiing event
（2）　D　can show the game from the beginning to the end in one frame.
A.The robot
B.The fastest ice
C.The high﹣speed camera
D.The time slice
（3）The new ice﹣making technology is to 　A　．
A.keep the ice flat
B.limit human﹣to﹣human contact
C.capture every exciting moment of the competition
D.keep the ice at the same temperature
【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】文章介绍了冬奥会上的一些先进的科学技术。
【解答】细节理解题。
（1）根据Lie Bao can record speeds of up to 25 meters per second.It closely tracks（ 跟踪） the athletes' movements and captures various scenes during speed skating.（猎豹可以以高达每秒25米的速度进行记录。它密切跟踪运动员的动作，并捕捉速度滑冰比赛过程中的各种场景。）可知猎豹应用于速度滑冰比赛过程中。故选C。
（2）根据She won with her first 1620 ﹣ four and a half full rotations（旋转） which have been presented to people in the way of a"time slice".The system shows the athletes' movements from takeoff to landing in one frame（画面）.（她赢得了她的第一个完整的旋转四周半，这个旋转以"时间片"的方式呈现给人们。该系统在一个画面中显示运动员从起跳到落地的动作。）可知是The time slice。故选D。
（3）根据That keeps the ice flat. （这使得冰层保持平整。）可知新的制冰技术是为了让冰层保持平整。故选A。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
15．（6分）（2022 顺义区一模）We've known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences（后果），like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study published last week，conducted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary （久坐不动的） behavior is related to reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe （中额叶），a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，aged 45 to 70，about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant relation between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe （剧烈的 ）exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don't even have to move much to improve cognition（认知）；just standing will do the trick（ 获得成功）．For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants were asked to name the color，like the word " green" in blue ink.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by 3 milliseconds.
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.
I know，this all runs counter to （ 与……背道而驰） received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous "The Thinker"，seated with chin on his hand.
They were wrong.You can now all stand up.
（1）What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4？ 　A　
A.Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
B.Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
D.Severe exercise can protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
（2）What is the received idea about deep thought？ 　B　
A.We should stand while thinking.
B.Sitting is better when we think.
C.More exercise can improve our cognition.
D.Sitting more is good for our mental health.
（3）The passage mainly tells us 　C　.
A.people tend to sit while they are thinking
B.physical exercise can improve our brain health
C.standing more and sitting less can make our brain healthier
D.sedentary behavior will increase the thickness of the medial temporal lobe
【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】本文主要告诉我们多站可以使我们的大脑更健康。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.（他们发现，报告久坐的受试者的内侧颞叶最薄。这意味着你坐在椅子上的时间越长，对你的大脑健康越不利，从而可能对学习和记忆造成损害。）可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选A。
（2）理解判断题。根据 I know，this all runs counter to （ 与……背道而驰） received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous "The Thinker"，seated with chin on his hand. （我知道，这一切都与我们所接受的关于深度思考的观点背道而驰，从小学老师告诉我们要坐下来集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的《思想者》，坐着时用手托着下巴。）可知关于深思熟虑的公认的观点是我们想的时候坐着比较好。故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。根据The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.（剧烈体育锻炼对认知的影响是众所周知的。但是多站少坐改善大脑健康的可能性可能会降低每个人的标准。）及全文可知本文主要告诉我们多站可以使我们的大脑更健康。故选C。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
16．（6分）（2022 海淀区一模）
Why Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure？
According to classic economic theory，the higher the reward，the better the expected performance．As a result，we could expect the best performance at the most important moments．But why do we so often see the most talented and experienced athletes perform much worse than expected in important competitions like the Olympics？
Why the Drop in Performance？
It is not necessarily true that there's a direct relationship between incentives （激励） and achievement．Research has shown that increased motivation （动机） beyond a certain level harms an athlete's performance．We call this phenomenon "choking under pressure"．Greater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal （兴奋）．The relationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape （倒U形），meaning that performance is the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over﹣arousal．
The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to create performance pressure．Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes' performance in skill﹣based games．When people overthink or consciously monitor each step，the drop in performance happens．
（2）_____
Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions，another thing that may add pressure is the level of expectations．An experiment suggested high audience expectations harm performance in a skill﹣based task．For example，one of the most famous biathletes in history，Martin Fourcade，said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations．
We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon （冬季两项） competitions over 17 years．We have found the most titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to when they compete abroad．The most reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from the homeland．
How to Deal with It？
There are several ways to reduce stress，such as a countdown or taking a deep breath before the task．But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance．Choking under pressure can happen to the best athletes and it's not a shame to admit it．The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them，the more likely they are to succeed at the highest level．
（1）What can we learn from "choking under pressure"？ 　C　
A．The higher the reward，the better the expected performance．
B．Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure．
C．Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athlete's performance．
D．Athletes' performance in games has something to do with their training．
（2）Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5？ 　C　
A．Pressure as a Key to Improving Performance
B．Pressure as a Push for Becoming Top﹣level Athletes
C．High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure
D．High Expectations as an Incentive to Compete in the Home Country
（3）To deal with pressure，the athletes should first 　D　.
A．avoid the possible feelings of pressure
B．share their worries with friends and coaches
C．try their best to succeed at the highest level
D．recognize the effect of stress on performance
【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】本文主要讲述了什么顶尖运动员在压力下会表现不好。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Research has shown that increased motivation beyond a certain level hams an athlete's performance .（研究表明，超过一定水平的动机会对运动员的表现产生不好的影响。）可知超过一定水平的动机会损害运动员的表现。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据4、5段Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes' performance in skill﹣based games．When people overthink or consciously monitor each step，the drop in performance happens．For example，one of the most famous biathletes in history，Martin Fourcade，said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations.（许多研究表明，在以技能为基础的比赛中，压力增加会对运动员的表现产生不良影响。当人们过度思考或有意识地监控每一步时，表现就会下降。例如，历史上最著名的冬季两项运动员之一马丁 福卡德说，他在自己的祖国参加比赛是非常激动人心的，而且比以前困难得多，因为更高的期望。）所阐述的主要是运动员们在高预期的情况下在比赛中发挥失误的例子。其实就是在告诉我们高预期是造成运动员很大压力，发挥失常的主要原因。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance.（但任何解决方案的基础都是认识到压力会影响比赛发挥。）可知，解决问题的关键还是需要意识到压力会影响比赛的发挥。故选D。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
17．（8分）（2022春 昌平区校级月考）I am Tom.My brother and I are twins（双胞胎）.We study in the same school.We like our school.Our parents are English teachers.They work hard.My brother and I study at No.1 Middle School.There are twenty five boys and eighteen girls in our class.
We go to school from Monday to Friday.But we feel relaxed on Saturdays and Sundays because we have no classes.On weekdays，we usually get up at six and ha breakfast at 6：30.We usually go to school at 7：00.
Classes begin at 8：00.We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.We have lunch at 12：15 at school.At 3：50 we play sports.
We study Chinese，math，English，geography，physics，history， politics and other subjects.We like Chinese.And we are good at it.We go home at 17：00.We have dinner at 18：00.We do our homework at seven and finish it at nine every evening and then we usually go to bed at half past nine，but sometimes we go to bed at about ten.We always study hard.
（1）What is Tom's mother's job？ 　C　
A.A musician.
B.A student.
C.A teacher.
D.A star.
（2）What does the underlined word "politics" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese？ （第三段的画线单词"politics"的中文意思是什么？） 　D　
A.环境
B.地球
C.家务
D.政治
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to？ （第三段的画线单词"it"指代什么？） 　A　
A.Chinese.
B.Math.
C.English.
D.History.
（4）What can we know from the passage？ 　A　
A.There are 43 students in Tom's class.
B.Tom and his brother have six classes on weekends.
C.Tom and his brother have lunch at home every day.
D.It takes Tom and his brother three hours to finish their homework.
【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】文章是汤姆介绍自己和哥哥的日常生活。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Our parents are English teachers.（我们的父母是英语老师。）可知他的妈妈是英语老师。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据前文We study Chinese，math，English，geography，physics，history， （我们学习语文、数学、英语、地理、物理、历史，）可知此处指的都是学科，所以划线词意为"政治"。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据前文We like Chinese. （我们喜欢语文。）可知此处意为我们擅长语文，所以指代的是前面提到的语文学科。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据There are twenty five boys and eighteen girls in our class.（我们班有25名男生和18名女生。）可知A项符合文意，故选A。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
四．阅读表达（共1小题，满分10分，每小题10分）
18．（10分）（2022 延庆区一模）When you take notes in your classes，are you confident that you'll actually go back and look over them？Or do you just write out your notes in class and then completely forget all of the information you wrote down？A useful note﹣taking method can not only save you precious time and energy，but also help you better understand what you learn.
This well﹣known note﹣taking method is called the Cornell Note﹣taking System.It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn.According to Cornell Notes，each page is divided into three sections：the note﹣taking column，the cue column （ 提示栏 ） and summary space.It's very easy.You just need to draw two lines on your note page，leaving a 2.5﹣inch margin on the left and a 2﹣inch margin on the bottom.
The note﹣taking column，which is the biggest space is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.The key point is that you don't write down what you hear word by word.It requires you to be very brief，using short phrases，symbols or keywords to replace long sentences.
To help with future review，you can write some related questions on the left.The next step is to cover the note﹣taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand.Then，by only looking at the questions for key words，try to repeat the content in your own words.
The summary space is designed to help you reflect on what you've learned.Questions may also be useful.For example，what's the significance of these facts？What principles are they based on？What's beyond them？You can also write down your own ideas and personal feelings.Don't forget to review from time to time so that you will remember the information more easily.
Practice makes perfect.After a few months of using this handy note﹣taking method，you are sure to become the note﹣taking star of your class.And even better，you'll finally be able to remember what you have learned.
（1）Who first developed the Cornell Note﹣taking System？
　Walter Pauk.　
（2）What is the biggest space used to do？
　It is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.　
（3）How can you use the cue column？
　First write some related questions on the left.The next step is to cover the note﹣taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand.Then，by only looking at the questions for key words，try to repeat the content in your own words.　
（4）Why is the summary space designed？
　Because it is designed to help you reflect on what you've learned.　
（5）Would you like to use this note﹣taking method？Why or why not？
　Yes，I' like to.Because it can help me remember what I have learned.　
【考点】阅读表达．
【分析】本文主要介绍了康奈尔笔记法。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据It was first developed in the 1940s by education professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University to help students learn.（它最早是由康奈尔大学的教育学教授沃尔特 波克在20世纪40年代开发的，目的是帮助学生学习。）可知，是沃尔特 波克最先开发了康奈尔笔记法。故填Walter Pauk.
（2）细节理解题。根据The note﹣taking column，which is the biggest space is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.（笔记栏是最大的空间，用来在上课或阅读时记笔记。）可知，是用来在上课或阅读时记笔记。故填It is used to write down notes while you are in class or reading an article.
（3）细节理解题。根据To help with future review，you can write some related questions on the left.The next step is to cover the note﹣taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand.Then，by only looking at the questions for key words，try to repeat the content in your own words.（为了便于以后的复习，你可以在左边写一些相关的问题。下一步是用一张纸或你的手覆盖笔记栏。然后，只看题目中的关键词，试着用自己的话重复内容。）可知，首先要在左边写一些相关的问题。接着是用一张纸或你的手覆盖笔记栏。然后，只看题目中的关键词，试着用自己的话重复内容。故填First write some related questions on the left.The next step is to cover the note﹣taking column with a sheet of paper or your hand.Then，by only looking at the questions for key words，try to repeat the content in your own words.
（4）细节理解题。根据The summary space is designed to help you reflect on what you've learned.（总结栏旨在帮助你反思所学到的知识。）可知，总结栏旨在帮助你反思所学到的知识。故填Because it is designed to help you reflect on what you've learned.
（5）开放性题，答案合理即可。是的，我愿意。因为它可以帮助我记住我学过的东西。故填Yes，I' like to.Because it can help me remember what I have learned.
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
五．书面表达（共1小题，满分10分，每小题10分）
19．（10分）（2022 平谷区一模）在2022 年北京冬奥会上，苏翊鸣和谷爱凌不断挑战自我，勇夺金牌。
某英文网站正在开展以"我眼中的奥运冠军" 为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你认为是什么造就了他们的成功，这 对你今后的学习和生活有什么启发，以及你会怎么做。
提示词语：train ，love，challenge，insist，support，improve
提示问题：
What makes Olympic champions successful？
What can you learn from them？
How will you do in the future？
_________________________
【考点】提纲作文．
【分析】【高分句型一】
At the age of 8，Gu Ailing joined the professional ski team.8岁时，谷爱凌加入了职业滑雪队。At the age of 在...岁时。
【高分句型二】
She is a role model for me to learn from，so I love him very much.她是我学习的榜样，所以我非常爱他。so引导的结果状语从句。
【解答】Gu ailing is my Favorite Winter Olympic athlete.In 2003，Gu Ailing was born in San Francisco，USA，to an American father and a Chinese mother.At the age of 8，Gu Ailing joined the professional ski team. 【高分句型一】In order to participate in training，she takes a 4﹣hour drive to the ski slopes every weekend.Over the years，Gu Ailing has also experienced various injuries.But her love of skiing has kept her going until now. （如何成功）In 2020，at the Winter Youth Olympic Games held in Lausanne，Switzerland，Gu Ailing won 2 gold and 1 silver.In the World Cup in Calgary，Canada，Gu Ailing won two gold medals.For the young Gu Ailing，learning，like skiing，is an important part of her life.In 2020，in the AMERICAN college entrance examination SAT test with a full score of 1600 points，Gu Ailing scored 1580 points and was admitted to Stanford University. （学习什么）She is a role model for me to learn from，so I love him very much. 【高分句型二】I also want to be a skier.（将来做什么）
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
考点卡片
1．反身代词
【概念】
反身代词：
表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词．
【结构及其分类】
反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加"﹣self"（复数加﹣selves ）构成．第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加﹣self （复数加﹣selves ）构成．
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第三人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves themselves themselves
．
【用法】
（1）作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy，teach，hurt，buy，introduce，seat，dress，express，amuse，behave等动词和by，for，to，of等介词后作宾语．
例一（作动词的宾语）：Did you enjoy___in Chengdu last week？
一Yes，I had great fun there．（　　）
A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．themselves
分析：﹣﹣上星期你在成都玩的高兴吗？
﹣﹣是的，我在那里玩的很高兴．
解答：B．
根据Did you enjoy___in Chengdu last week？可知上星期你在成都玩的高兴吗，这里考查短语enjoy oneself表示玩的高兴，这里应该用反身代词，和主语you保持一致．故选B．
点评：考查反身代词，通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己．注意反身代词的变法，结合语境选择合适形式．
例二（做介词的宾语）：Do you need any help？（　　）
﹣Thank you，but I can do it by ______．
A．I B．me C． myself
分析：﹣你需要帮助吗？
﹣谢谢你，但是我可以独自完成．
解答：C．
根据题意"﹣你需要帮助吗？﹣谢谢你，但是我可以独自完成"，根据介词by，可知是短语by oneself独自的，这是固定短语，故选C．
点评：熟悉反身代词的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案．（2）作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作"亲自，本身，本人"．
例1（做主语的同位语）：Did you make the kite____，kids？
﹣﹣No，our uncle made it for us．（　　）
A．yourselves B．yourself C．themselves
分析：﹣﹣孩子们，你们自己做的风筝吗？
﹣﹣不是，我们的叔叔为我们做的．
解答：A．
根据设空处前面的动词短语make the kite和答语中的No，our uncle made it for us 可以推断设空处所在的句子表达的意思是"孩子们，你们自己做的风筝吗？"，再根据主语you（你们）可知本句应该用反身代词yourselves，故选A．
点评：本题旨在考查反身代词的用法．经常见到的反身代词的短语有：by oneself；enjoy oneself；hurt oneself；teach oneself；dress oneself，等．
例2（作宾语的同位语）：﹣﹣﹣What do you think of the film？
﹣﹣﹣The story ____is good，but I felt ____because of its length﹣﹣﹣over three hours．（　　）
A．itself； boring B．myself； boring C．itself； bored D．themselves； excited
分析：﹣﹣你认为这部电影怎么样？
﹣﹣故事本身很好，但是我觉得无聊，因为它的长度超过三小时．
解答：C．
根据The story ____is good，可知这里的意思是故事本身很好，在这里强调自己，用反身代词，story是个物，而且是单数，所以用itself；boring 是形容词，bored也是形容词，不同之处是bored是指使人感到厌烦的，boring是指事情本身无趣的，当形容人时用bored，形容事物时用boring．这里主语是I，是人，所以用bored．故选C．
点评：明确句意，掌握一些常见的含有反身代词的短语便可选出正确答案．
（3）作表语：在be，feel，look，seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常．
例：﹣Andy is not quite ____today．What's wrong？
﹣He was caught in the rain this morning and doesn't feel well．（　　）
A．he B．him C．his D．himself
分析：﹣﹣安迪今天不大舒服，他怎么啦？
﹣﹣他今天早上淋雨了，感觉不大舒服．
解答：D．
be not quite oneself某人状态不怎么好，是固定句型，oneself要和主语一致，本题的主语是Andy，是男孩名字，故填himself，结合句意：安迪今天不大舒服，他怎么啦？故选D．
点评：本题考查的固定搭配，理解句意并熟记固定用法是解答本题的关键．
（4）用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中．
例：﹣Help____to some fruits．
﹣Thank you．（　　）
A．your B．you C．yourself D．yours
分析：﹣﹣随便吃些水果吧．
﹣﹣谢谢你．
解答：C．
Help yourself to 固定搭配：随便吃，这里应该用反身代词． you的反身代词是yourself． 故选C．
点评：本题考查Help yourself to 的固定用法．如Make yourself at home!别客气！Don't upset yourself!别自寻烦恼，等等．
【易混淆点】
反身代词和形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词的用法区别．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查反身代词的用法和在句子中做的成分，及其一些固定用法是考查的重点．
2．常用介词的辨析
【常用介词的辨析】
一、表示计量的介词：at，for，by
1．at表示"以…速度""以…价格"．如：
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour．它以每小时900公里的速度飞行．
2．for表示"用…交换，以…为代价"．如：
He sold his car for 500 dollars．他以五百元把车卖了．
二、表示材料的介词：of，from，in
1．of成品仍可看出原料．如：
This box is made of paper．这个盒子是纸做的．
2．from成品已看不出原料．如：
Wine is made from grapes．葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的．
3．in表示用某种材料或语言．如：
Please fill in the form in pencil first．请先用铅笔填写这个表格．
三、表示关于的介词：of，about，on
1．of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事．如：
He spoke of the film the other day．他前几天提到了这部影片．
2．about指"关于"某人或某事物的较详细的情况．如：
Can you tell me something about yourself？你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？
3．on指"关于"学术性的或严肃的事．如：
It's a textbook on the history of china．它是一本有关中国历史的教科书．
四、表示好像或当作的介词：like，as
1．like表示"像…一样"，其实不是．如：
Peter the Great，like his country，was strong and proud．
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪．
2．as表示"作为，以…身份"，其实也是．如：
He talked to me as a father．他以父亲的身份跟我谈话．
五、表示支持或反对的介词：against，for
against反对，for支持，互为反义词．如：
Are you for my idea or against it？你赞同还是反对我的想法？
六、表示除某人某物外的介词：besides，except
1．besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的"除…外，还"．如：
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him．
除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影．（他和另外30人都去了）
He is interested in tennis besides football．除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣．
2．except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的"除去"．如：
Everyone is excited except me．除我以外的每个人都很激动．（他们激动，而我却不激动）
3．形容词的比较级和最高级
【概念】
形容词的比较级和最高级：
比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形，是由形容词原级转化而来的，一般是在原级后面加er，也有一些不规则的转化，比如good﹣better，bad﹣worse等等．相对二者的比较，还有三者及以上的比较，这时就产生了最高级．在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词前加more或加后缀﹣er．典型的是指形容词所表示的质、量或关系的增加．英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做"比较句型"．其中，像"A比B更…"的表达方式称为比较级．组成句子的方式是将形容词变化成比较级的形态．
【结构】
形容词比较级和最高级规则变化原则．
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加﹣er或﹣est fast long smart faster longer smarter fastest longest smartest
以字母e结尾的形容词，加﹣r或﹣st nice late nicer later nicest latest
重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加﹣er或﹣est big hot thin fat bigger hotter thinner fatter biggest hottest thinnest fattest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先改"y"为"i"，再加﹣er或﹣est easy happy healthy easier happier healthier easiest happiest healthiest
部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或most tired careful beautiful important more tired more careful more beautiful more important most tired most careful most beautiful most important
不规则变化 many/much little Good bad/ill far old more less better worse farther/further older/elder most least best worst farthest/furthest oldest/eldest
．
【用法】
一、形容词比较级的用法：
1．表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为"A…+比较级+than+B"．
例：
Li Lei's room is bigger than mine．李雷的房间比我的大．
This mooncake is nicer than that one．这块月饼比那块好吃．
注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one，that，those等词来替代前面出现过的名词．其中the one替代可数名词单数形式，the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式，that替代不可数名词．
例：
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter．北京的天气比广州的天气冷．
2．表示"两者之间最…一个（of the two）"时，常用"the+比较级"结构．
例：
Mary is the taller of the twins．
Mary是双胞胎中的高个子．
3．表示"越来越…"，用比较级重叠结构，即"比较级+and+比较级"，多音节词和部分双音节词时用"more and more+形容词原级"．
例：
It's getting warmer and warmer in spring．
春天天气变得越来越暖和．
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful．
我们的家乡越来越漂亮了．
4．表示"越…就越…"时，用"the+比较级，the+比较级"结构．
例：
The more we get together，the happier we'll be．
我们越是在一起，就越开心．
二、形容词最高级的用法：
表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较，其中有一个超过其他几个．形容词最高级前要加the，后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）．
①在我们班上他最高． Miho is the youngest student because she was born later than anyone else in her class．
②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的．
Mary is the tallest among the three students．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查形容词，形容词等级是考查的重点．对形容词等级的考查主要出现在单项选择题中．
4．疑问副词
【概念】
用于引出特殊疑问句的副词叫疑问副词．疑问副词有when， where， why， how 等，如：
Where do you come from？ 你是哪里人？
When will it be ready？ 这什么时候能准备好？
Why was she crying？ 她刚才为什么哭？
【易混淆点】
1．Where do you think he has gone？ 你认为他去什么地方了？（特殊疑问句）
2．Do you know when he will come？ 你知道他什么时候来吗？（一般疑问句）
错误说法：
Do you think where he has gone？
When do you know he will come？
其区别是：
可以用 yes 或 no 回答者，用一般疑问句的形式（疑问词放在句中，即主句之后），适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know， hear， ask， tell 等；
不能用 yes 或 no 回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式（疑问词放在句首），适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think， believe， suppose， guess 等．
【解题方法点拨】
（1）疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定： Without friends where are we？ 没有朋友我们会怎样？
（2）疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：
Why argue with him？ 为什么要与跟他争吵？
Why not ask the teacher？ / Why don't you ask the teacher？ 为什么不问问老师呢？
【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday？应改为Why didn't you tell me yesterday？（昨天为什么不告诉我？）
（3）有时两个疑问副词连用：
When and where were you born？ 你生于何时何地？
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查疑问副词在单项选择中的运用，选项会给出四个不同的疑问副词，需要做题时仔细分析语境，区别疑问副词意思，便可拿到分数．
5．连词辨析
【概念】
不同连词在意义或用法上的不同进行辨别分析叫连词辨析．
例：（　　）﹣﹣Would you like to go to the party with me？
﹣﹣I'd love to， I'm afraid I have no time．
A． so B． or C． but
考点：连词辨析．
分析：﹣﹣你愿意和我一起去参加晚会吗？
﹣﹣我愿意．但是恐怕我没有时间．
解答：C；根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据语境推测句意是"我愿意．但是恐怕我没有时间．"，可知前后句之间是转折关系，所以用连词but；故选C．
点评：本题主要考查连词的用法，连词在句子中主要起联系上下文的作用，他们之间的区别就是表示逻辑关系的不同，所以在解题时先要理解上下文含义，然后根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词．连词的用法都比较多，语义之间还有交叉，熟记其基本应用规则，了解其区别，注意固定搭配对象，是做好此类题型的关键．
【易混淆点】
1． such…that…与so…that…都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为"如此…以致…"．
（1）such是形容词，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带．如果其后是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an．
She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her．
（2）so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+adj．（adv．）+that从句．如：
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him．
注意：当名词前面有many，much，few，little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such．如：
There were so many people in the street that firefighters could not get close to the building．
2．and 和or表示"和，与"的区别
and用于肯定句和问句中，例如：I have a sister and a brother．
or用于否定句中，例如：
There isn't any air or water on the moon．月球上既没有空气也没有水．
3．because， for， since， as 表示"原因"的区别
because语气强， 表示客观必然原因，例如：
He is absent， because he is ill． 因为生病，所以他没来．
for 语气轻，表示非客观必然的原因，是主观可改变结果的原因，甚至是猜测可能的原因，不能放句首，它是并列连词．例如：
He must be ill， for he is absent． "缺席"不一定是"生病"，只是交流猜测．
since， as 都是不讲自明的原因， 是已知的原因．
Since I am a boy， let me carry the case．
4．when和while表示"当…的时候"的区别：
when意为"在……时刻或时期"，它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段"，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词；while只指"时间段"，不指"时间点"，从句的动词只限于持续性动词．
（1）when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换．如：
When he has finished his work， he takes a short rest．每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下．（when ＝ after）
When I got to the cinema， the film had already begun．当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了．（when＝before）
（2）when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换．如：
When he came yesterday， we were playing basketball．昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球．
（3）当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when， while才有可能互相替代．如：
While / When we were still laughing， the teacher came in．正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了．
【解题方法点拨】
在解题时，根据逻辑关系的不同，先要理解上下文含义，然后根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词，了解其区别，注意固定搭配对象，是做好此类题型的关键．
【中考命题方向】
在中考中，特殊疑问句常出现在单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读 完成句子等中，几乎每种题型都从不同角度来考查，因而大家一定要熟练掌握．
6．实义动词的单数第三人称形式
1．一般情况：+s
let﹣lets；get﹣gets
2．以s、x、ch、sh和o结尾：+es
pass﹣passes；
fix﹣fixes；
watch﹣watches；teach﹣teaches
wash﹣washes；
go﹣goes；do﹣does
3．以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i +es
study﹣studies
4．以元音字母+y结尾 直接+s play﹣plays
5．特殊情况：不规则
have﹣has
be﹣is
7．情态动词
【概念】
情态动词：可以用来表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、意愿和怀疑等，有一定的意义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语．
8．不定式短语
【概念】
即它可以有自己的宾语和状语．动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语．如： I want to read the book．我想读这本书． book 是read 的宾语，to read the book 为不定式短语．
【用法】
在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体．不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语．
①不定式短语作主语．
To learn English well is important．
学好英语是重要的．（不定式短语To learn English well作主语．）
②不定式短语作宾语．
He pretended not to see me．
他假装没看见我．（不定式短语not to see me作宾语．）
I haven't decided whether to sell it or not．
我还没有决定是否卖它．（不定式短语whether to sell it or not作宾语．）
I find it difficult to understand him．
我发现很难理解他．（不定式短语to understand him作真正宾语，it是形式宾语．）
③不定式短语作补语．
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north．
我的意见是从北面爬上山．（不定式短语to climb the mountain from the north作主语补语．）
The teacher asked me to open the window．
老师要我打开窗户．（不定式短语to open the window作宾语补语．）
（2017 广东）For more than once，our head teacher asks us ___________ the habit of keeping a diary．（　　）
A．develop
B．develops
C．developing
D．to develop
考点：不定式短语．
分析：不止一次，我们班主任让我们养成记日记的习惯．
解答；D．结合asks us用ask sb to do sth让某人做某事，故答案是D．
点评：许多动词可跟一个宾语+to do 构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为"动词+宾语+not to do"
④不定式短语作修饰语．
I have no wish to quarrel with you．
我不想和你吵架．（不定式短语to quarrel with you作名词wish的修饰语．）
He ran to catch the bus．
他跑步去赶公车．（不定式短语to catch the bus作动词ran的修饰语．）
Henry was happy to hear the news．
听到这个消息亨利很高兴．（不定式短语to hear the news作形容词happy的修饰语．）
注意：时态/语态 主动语态 被动语态
一般时 to do， to be done
进行时 to be doing
完成时to have done to have been done
完成进行时 to have been doing
⑤不定式短语做状语的用法
不定式短语做状语时，可置于句首或句尾， 用以表示目的，相当于中文中的" 为了要…"． 不定式短语可置于句首，此时短语后应加逗号； 但该短语语亦可置于句尾，之前不用逗号．
To catch the train， John got up early． ＝ John got up early to catch the train．
表示目的不定式短语亦可以用下列短语替代．
to…only to （仅仅为了），　in order to，　so as to，　so（such）…as to…（如此……以便……）
【解题方法点拨】
①根据上下句意思进行选择．
②在日常学习中要积累一些不定式短语的固定用法．
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查不定式短语的固定用法，结合不定式短语在句中的成分等．这些是考查的重点．
9．一般将来时
【概念】
（1）时态
时态是动词的一种形式，分为时间和状态．时间即过去、现在、未来．态有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态．它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式．
（2）一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，tomorrow moring/afternoon，next，the day after tomorrow，in the future等．
（3）概念点拨
将要发生的动作或状态：指将来某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，比如，下周我们要举行运动会、明天将要下雨等等．
计划、打算：指计划、打算做某事．比如，你明天打算做什么？我周末打算去游泳等．
【结构】
（1）will表示一般将来时：will/shall+动词原形
Tomorrow will be Sunday．明天将是星期天了．
（2）be going to表示一般将来时：be going to+动词原形
When are you going to start？你打算什么时候开始？
（3）现在进行时的结构表将来：be+doing
We're leaving next week．我们打算下周离开．
【用法】
（1）用"will/shall+动词原形"表示单纯的将来事实（will可用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称I和we）：
Many scientists believe that

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