资源简介 江阴市第一中学2012—2013学年度第二学期期中考试初二数学 2013-4-25 注意事项:1.本试卷满分100分,考试时间为120分钟. 2.卷中除要求近似计算的结果取近似值外,其余各题均应给出精确结果. 3.所有的试题都必须在答题纸上作答,在试卷或草稿纸上答题无效.一、精心选一选(本大题共10小题,每题2分,共20分)1.不等式的解集是( ▲ )A. B. C. D.2.下列各式中:①;②;③;④;⑤ 分式有( ▲ )A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个3.如果把分式中的和都扩大2倍,那么分式的值( ▲ ) A.扩大2倍 B.缩小2倍 C.扩大4倍 D.不变 4. 三角形的两边长是3和4,第三边的长是方程x2-12x十35=0的一个根,则该三角形的周长为(▲ ) A.4 B.12或14 C.12 D.以上都不对5.下列选项中,使根式有意义的取值范围为x<1的是( ▲ )A. B. C. D. 6.已知反比例函数的图象过点P(1,3),则该反比例函数图象位于( ▲ ) A.第一、二象限 B.第一、三象限 C.第二、四象限 D.第三、四象限7.若干学生分宿舍,每间4人余20人,每间8人有一间不空也不满,则宿舍有( ▲ )A.5间 B.6间 C.7间 D.8间8. 若点(-2,y1)、(-1,y2)、(1,y3)在反比例函数的图象上,则下列结论中正确的是( ▲ )A. B. C. D. 9. 如果不等式组有解且均不在-内,那么m的取值范围是( ▲) A.m <-2 B.2≤ m ≤3 C.m ≥3 D.2≤ m <310. 如图,已知A、B是反比例函数y=(k>0,x>0)图象上的两点,BC∥x轴,交y轴于点C.动点P从坐标原点O出发,沿O→A→B→C(图中“→”所示路线)匀速运动,终点为C.过P作PM⊥x轴,PN⊥y轴,垂足分别为M、N.设四边形OMPN的面积为S,P点运动时间为t,则S关于t的函数图象大致为( ▲ ) 二、细心填一填(本大题共有12小题,每空2分,共28分.)11.当x ▲ 时,有意义;当x = ___▲__ 时,分式值为0.12.计算:(1) ▲ ;⑵= ▲ .13.的最简公分母是 ▲ .14.不等式的负整数解是 ▲ .15.比例函数y = (k ≠0)的图象经过点(-1,4),则k = ▲ .16.如果关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣6x+c=0(c是常数)没有实根,那么c的取值范围是 ▲ .17.设函数与的图象的交点坐标为(a,b),则的值为___▲_____.18.关于x的方程的解是正数,则a的取值范围是 ▲ .19. 如图1,直线y=kx+b过点A(0,2),且与直线y=mx交于点P(1,m),则不等式组mx>kx+b>mx-2的解集是 ▲ .20.甲、乙两人从两地同时出发,若相向而行,则a小时相遇;若同向而行,则b小时甲追上乙,那么甲的速度是乙的速度的 ▲ 倍.21.如图2所示,有一边长为8米的正方形大厅,它是由黑白完全相同的方砖密铺而成,则一块方砖的边长为____▲____.22. 如图3,两个反比例函数和的图象分别是l1和l2.设点P在l1上,PC⊥x轴,垂足为C,交l2于点A,PD⊥y轴,垂足为D,交l2于点B,则△PAB的面积为 ▲ .三、认真答一答(本大题共7小题,满分52分. )23. 解不等式(组) (每题4分,共8分)(1) ⑵24.解方程:(每题4分,共8分)(1)x2-2x-3=0 (配方法) ⑵25.(本题6分)先化简,再求值:(-)÷,其中x满足x2-x-1=0.26.(本题11分)长山大道有长为24000米的新建道路要铺上沥青.(1)写出铺路所需时间t(单位:天)与铺路速度V(单位:米/天)的函数关系式;(2)负责铺路的工程公司现有的铺路机每天最多能铺路400米,预计最快多少天可以完成铺路任务?(3)为加快工程进度,公司决定投入不超过400万元的资金,购进10台更先进的铺路机,现有甲、乙两种机器可供选择,其中每种机器的价格和每台机器日铺路的能力如下表.在原有的铺路机连续铺路40天后,新购进的10台机器加入铺路,公司要求至少比原预计的时间提前10天完成任务,问:有哪几种购买方案?请你通过计算说明选择哪种方案所用资金最少.甲乙价格(万元/台)4525每台日铺路(米) 503027.阅读理解:(本题8分)对于任意正实数a、b,∵≥0, ∴≥0, ∴≥,只有当a=b时,等号成立.结论:在≥(a、b均为正实数)中,若ab为定值p,则a+b≥,只有当a=b时,a+b有最小值.根据上述内容,回答下列问题:(1)若m>0,只有当m= ▲ 时,有最小值 ▲ .(2)若m>0,只有当m= ▲ 时,2有最小值 ▲ .(3)探索应用:如图,已知A(-3,0),B(0,-4),P为双曲线 (x>0) 上的任意一点,过点P作PC⊥x轴于点C,PD⊥y轴于点D.则四边形ABCD面积的最小值为 ▲ ,此时四边形ABCD的形状是 ▲ .28.(本题11分)如图,一次函数与反比例函数的图象交于A(1,5), B(5,n)两点,与轴交于D点, AC⊥轴,垂足为C.(1)如图甲, ①分别求出反比例函数和一次函数的解析式.②若点P在反比例函数图象上,且△PDC的面积等15,求P点的坐标. ③根据图象直接写出不等式的解集.(2)如图乙,若点E在线段AD上运动,连结CE,作∠CEF=45°,EF交AC于F点.当△ECF为等腰三角形时,请直接写出所有F点的坐标. 江阴市第一中学2012—2013学年度第二学期初二数学期中答案一、选择题(本大题10共小题,每小题2分,共20分)题号12345678910答案DBACDBBCDA二、填空题(本大题共有12小题,每空2分,共28分)11., ;12.⑴; ⑵2; 13. ; 14.,;15.; 16. ; 17.; 18. 且;19. ; 20.; 21.米; 22.三、认真答一答(本大题共7小题,满分51分. 解答应写出必要的计算过程或推演步骤. )23. 解不等式(组)(每题4分,共8分)(1)解: (1′) 解: ⑵ 由⑴得 (1′) (1′) 由⑵得 (1′) (2′) (2′)24.解方程:(每题4分,共8分)(1)解: (1′) 解:⑵ (1′) (1′) (1′) (1′) (1′) (1′) 经检验 是增根,原方程无解 (1′)25.(本题6分). 解: 原式= (1′) 由x2-x-1=0得x2=x+1 (1′) = (1′) 原式=1 (1′) = (2′)26.(本题11分)解:(1)铺路所需要的时间t与铺路速度V之间的函数关系式是t=……. (2′)(2)当v=400时,t==60(天). (1′)(3)解:设可以购买甲种机器x台,则购买乙种机器(10-x)台,则有 解之,得5≤x≤7.5. (2′)因为x是整数,所以 (1′)因此可以购买甲种机器5台、乙种机器5台;甲种机器6台、乙种机器4台;甲种机器7台,乙种机器3台;总共三种方案 (2′)设所用资金为W元,则W=250+20x (1′)当 x增大时,W随x的增大而增大… (1′)因此选择第一种方案花费最少. …………………(1′)27.阅读理解:(本题8分,(1)(2)每空1分,(3)每空2分)(1)m= 1 时,最小值 2 .(2)m= 2 时,最小值 8 .(3) 24 , 菱形 .28.(本题11分)解:(1)① , .2分 , 2分②P(,6) 3分③ 2分(2) (1,2.5);(1,5) 2分江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年度第二学期期中考试初二物理 2013.4一、选择题(每题2分,共30分)1、下图的四个实例中,目的是为了增大摩擦的是( )2、一根铜棒,在下列情况下,其质量会变化的是( )A.把铜棒扎成一薄铜片 B.把铜棒加热到300℃C.宇航员将铜棒带到月球上 D.钳工用锉刀对它进行加工3、下列估测值最接近实际的是( )A.家中热水瓶的容积约为200cm3 B.一个小铁钉受到的重力约为5NC.盐水的密度大约为0.9g/cm3 D.一个鸡蛋的质量约为0.05kg4、自然界分为宏观和微观,宏观很大,如银河系,微观很小,如分子.要计量它们的直径,下列所用的长度单位中最方便的是( )A.千米、米 B.光年、米 C.光年、纳米 D.米、纳米5、下列实例中,材料的选用与描述的物理属性不相符的是( )A.中午装饭盒的箱子用泡沫制成,是因为它的隔热性好B.教室的窗户用玻璃制成,是因为玻璃的透光性好C.我们的课桌用木头制成,是因为木头的弹性好D.削铅笔的刀刃用钢铁制成,是因为钢铁的硬度大6、2011年11月3日,“神舟八号”飞船与“天宫一号”飞行器顺利完成首次对接,开启了中国航天事业发展的新阶段。“天宫一号”内处于完全失重状态。下列说法正确的是( )A.在“天宫一号”内可以使用弹簧测力计测量力的大小B.对接成功前“神舟八号”与“天宫一号”是相对静止的C.“天宫一号”内处于完全失重状态,里面的宇航员将失去质量D.给“天宫一号”补充物资后,“天宫一号”速度不变,惯性不变7、下列说法正确的是( )A.g=9.8N/kg表示质量为1kg的物体在地球表面所受重力大小等于9.8NB.静止于地面的物体所受的重力与它对地面的压力是一对平衡力C.高速飞行的子弹具有较大惯性,穿入木头静止后惯性消失D.丝绸摩擦过的玻璃棒带正电是因为在摩擦过程中产生了正电荷8、如图所示,第一次小明用水平力轻推静止在水平地面上的大木箱,没有推动;第二次用水平力推着木箱做匀速直线运动。下列说法正确的是( )A.第一次未推动因为推力小于摩擦力,第二次推着木箱运动时推力大于摩擦力B.第一次未推动因为推力小于摩擦力,第二次推着木箱运动时推力等于摩擦力C.第一次未推动因为推力等于摩擦力,第二次推着木箱运动时推力大于摩擦力D.第一次未推动因为推力等于摩擦力,第二次推着木箱运动时推力等于摩擦力 9、分别由不同物质a、b、c 组成的三个实心体,它们的体积和质量的关系如图所示,由图可知下列说法正确的是( )A.a物质的密度最大 B.b 物质的密度是1.0×103kg/m3C.c物质的密度是a的两倍 D.b、c的密度与它们的质量、体积有关10、2013年3月31日13时35分,中国空军一架苏-27型战机在飞行训练中失事于山东荣成市虎山镇长会口大桥东头北200米一处滩涂,为了避免飞机坠落在居民区,2名飞行员放弃了提前跳伞的机会,壮烈牺牲。下列说法不正确的是( )A.飞机的机壳应选用密度小的合金材料才能减轻飞机的质量B.飞机失去动力后坠落一定是由于重力的作用C.飞机坠地的瞬间地面对飞机的支持力大于飞机对地面的压力所以飞机损坏了D.飞机落地坠毁说明力可以使物体发生形变11、如图所示,小车被人推开后向前运动,最终停下了。对这一过程的分析正确的是( )A.由于惯性的作用,离开手的小车继续向右运动B. 小车运动得越来越慢,因为推力小于摩擦阻力C. 小车在运动过程中竖直方向受到平衡力的作用D. 假如没有摩擦小车将一直做匀速直线运动或保持静止12、一个物体只受到两个力的作用,且这两个力的“三要素”完全相同,那么该物体( )A.处于静止状态或匀速直线运动状态 B.一定改变运动状态C.一定做匀速直线运动 D.一定处于静止状态13、如图所示,利用弹簧测力计测量一块秒表的重力时,使测力计内弹簧伸长的力是( )A.秒表的重力 B.秒表和测力计的总重力 C.弹簧对秒表的拉力 D.秒表对弹簧的拉力14、2011年5月,法国科学家发现行星“葛利斯581d”较适合地球生命居住,且同一物体在“葛利斯581d”行星表面所受重力大小是在地球表面的两倍.设想宇航员从地球携带标有“100g”字样的方便面、天平和弹簧测力计飞至行星“葛利斯581d”,测得方便面的示数是( )A.天平示数为100g,弹簧测力计示数为1NB.天平示数为100g,弹簧测力计示数为2NC.天平示数为200g,弹簧测力计示数为1ND.天平示数为200g,弹簧测力计示数为2N15、一人站在电梯上随电梯一起匀速上升,如图1所示,则关于人的受力分析的下列叙述正确的是( )A.人受到重力,竖直向上的弹力B.人受到重力,竖直向上的弹力以及水平向左的摩擦力C.人受到重力,竖直向上的弹力以及水平向右的摩擦力D.人受到重力,竖直向上的弹力,电梯对人斜向上与速度方向一致的推力二、填空题(每空1分,共27分)16、将两滴红墨水同时滴入一杯冷水和一杯热水中,如图所示,这一现象叫 现象,比较两幅图说明 。17、如图所示,将两个表面光滑的铅块相互紧压后的现象,说明 。18、将一根塑料绳一端握紧,把绳尽可能撕成细丝,用手从上向下捋几下,下端出现如图所示的现象,物理学上叫________????现象,图中现象说明????????????????????????? .19、H7N9型禽流感是一种新型禽流感,如图所示,病毒直径约等于0.1微米,它的运动________ (属于/不属于)分子的热运动。于2013年3月底在上海和安徽两地率先发现。目前尚未证实该病毒具有人传人的能力。但是了解一定的预防知识也是必要的,请你为大家介绍一个预防方法: 。20、原子的结构与太阳系十分相似,电子受______________(填“平衡力”或“非平衡力”)的作用而绕_________高速旋转.21、如图是物理教材中的两幅插图,甲图表示小铁球受磁铁作用的情况,说明力可以改变物体的 ;乙图是坐在船中的人用手推另一只船时,自己坐的船同时后退,说明物体间_______________ 。22、如图显示的是同一木块先后两次在同一水平面上运动时,在相等时间内连续拍摄的“频闪”照片。由图可知,两次实验中,木块的速度v甲____________v乙,木块所受拉力的大小F甲___________F乙(均选填“>”、“=”或“<”)23、水平桌面上用弹簧测力计拉着物体A甲图位置匀速运动到图乙位置,发现测力计读数一直都如图丙等于 N。说明滑动摩擦力的大小与 无关。 24、 如图(甲)所示,物体甲重50N,被20N的水平压力F甲压在竖直墙壁上沿墙匀速下滑,则物体甲受到的摩擦力f甲= N.如图(乙)所示,物体乙重60N,在10N 的水平拉力F乙作用下,仍保持静止.物体乙受到的摩擦力f乙= N。25、如图甲所示,水平地面上的一物体,受到方向不变的水平推力F的作用,F的大小与时间t的关系和物体速度v与时间t的关系如图乙所示。则第1秒末时,物体处于__________状态,此时物体受到的摩擦阻力为_____N;第2秒末到第4秒末,物体做_________运动,此过程物体受到的摩擦阻力为_____N。26、水平仪可以检验一个平面是否水平。若把它放在你的课桌上,重垂线锥体出现如图所示的现象,说明此桌面的_____边高(选填“左”或“右”)。重垂线是利用_________________ 原理制成的。27、右手用2N的拉力水平向右拉弹簧测力计,如图甲所示,此时测力计的示数为_____N;若左右手各用2N的拉力向两边水平拉弹簧测力计,如图乙所示,此时测力计的示数为_____N。28、体积为0.5m3的钢瓶内装有密度为6kg/m3的氧气,某次电焊中用去了其中1/3,则钢瓶内剩余氧气的质量为_______kg,剩余氧气的密度为___________kg/m3。三、解答题(共43分)29、(3分)作出图甲中沿斜面匀速上滑的物体A所受摩擦力的示意图和图乙中不倒翁的受力示意图(O为不倒翁的重心)。30、(9分)为了研究物质的某种特性,小刚同学分别用甲、乙两种不同的液体做实验.实验时,他用量筒和天平分别测出甲(或乙)液体在不同体积时的质量.(1)小刚将天平放在水平桌面上,出现如图1所示的现象,应采取的措施是先将游码调到______________________,再将平衡螺母向______调,直到指针对准分度盘的中央。(2)天平调节平衡后,小刚按图2所示的方法来称量物体的质量,小华立即对小刚说:“你操作时至少犯了两个错误.”小华所说的两个错误是: ①____________________________, ②____________________________.(3)小刚虚心地听取了小华的建议,重新进行操作.在称量过程中,又出现了如图1所示的情况,他应该_______________________________________(4)下表记录的是小刚实验测得的数据及求得的质量与体积的比值.物质序号体积(cm3)质量(g)质量/体积 (g/cm3)l591.80甲210181.80315271.804540.80乙5108O.80615120.80 ①分析下表中实验序号1与2(2与3、l与3)或4与5(5与6、4与6)的体积与质量变化的倍数关系,可归纳得出的结论是:_ ②分析上表中实验序号: ,可归纳得出:“体积相同的甲、乙两种液体,它们的质量不相同”的结论.③分析上表中甲、乙两种液体的质量与体积的比值关系,可归纳得出的结论是: ④本实验测量多组数据的目的是( ) A.取平均值减小误差 B.寻找普遍规律31、(5分)如图所示是小华同学“探究滑动摩擦力大小与什么因素有关”的实验.(1)实验过程中,小华用弹簧测力计沿水平方向拉着长方体木块A做匀速直线运动,这样做的目的是_________________________.(2)分析图_________两图可知,在接触面粗糙程度相同时,压力越大,滑动摩擦力越大.(3)分析图甲和丙,发现弹簧测力计的示数F1<F3,说明: _____________________.(4)图乙中,F2=4N,砝码受到的摩擦力f=________N.(5)小华同学还想利用上面的实验器材探究滑动摩擦力大小与接触面积的关系,她应该怎么做:___________________________________.32、(5分)地沟油中含有大量对人体有毒、有害的物质。一些不法商人对其进行简单的脱水、脱杂、脱臭处理后,冒充色拉油在市场上销售,欺骗、伤害市民。小华想用测密度的方法来鉴别色拉油和地沟油。首先,他通过网络查得优质色拉油的密度在0.91g/cm3 - 0.93g/cm3之间,地沟油的密度在0.94g/cm3 - 0.95g/cm3之间。然后,他设计了以下步骤进行实验鉴别:A、将部分样品油倒入量筒中后,测出烧杯和剩余样品油的总质量m;B、将天平放在水平台面上调平;C、取适量样品油倒入烧杯,用天平测出烧杯和样品油的总质量M;D、读出量筒中样品油的体积V;E、根据测算出的密度,鉴别样品油的品质;F、利用实验数据,计算出样品油的密度;(1)请将上面实验步骤正确排序: (填字母序号)(2)由图示可知,M = 克;样品油的体积V = ml。(3)若m=23.8克,则样品油的密度 g/cm3。(4)小华通过比对测算结果,可断定样品油是 (是/不是)地沟油。33.(8分)在“探究二力平衡条件”的活动中,主要是通过探究力对物体的作用效果来实现探究目的的。如图甲是小华同学探究二力平衡条件时的实验情景.(1)小华将系于小卡片(重力可忽略不计)两对角的线分别跨过左右支架上的滑轮,在线的两端挂上钩码,使作用在小卡片上的两个拉力方向______,并通过调整_____来改变拉力的大小.(2)小明还进行如图乙所示的探究活动。这样的操作是为了探究物体在平衡状态下所受的两个力( ) ?A.大小是否相等 ?? B.方向是否相反??C.是否作用在同一直线上(3)为了验证只有作用在同一物体上的两个力才能平衡,在图甲所示情况下,小华下一步的操作是:__________________ .(4)在探究同一问题时,小明将木块放在水平桌面上,没计了如图丙所示的实验,同学们认为小华的实验优于小明的实验.其主要原因是( ) A.减少摩擦力对实验结果的影响 B.小书片是比较容易获取的才料 C.容易让小卡片在水平方向上保持平衡 D.小卡片容易扭转(5)请你为小明的探究方案提一个改进意见:___________________________ . 34.(9分)小宇骑车不踩踏脚板,在水平路面上也能滑行一段距离。于是他猜想滑行的距离不仅与路面的粗糙程度有关还可能与初始速度有关。为探究其中的奥秘,他在水平桌面上搭成一斜面,并用毛巾、棉布、木板等改变水平桌面的粗糙程度,请你观察小车由斜面滑下后在水平面上滑行的实验现象思考后回答:(7分)(1) 为了探究滑行距离与小车初速度的关系,他先后三次将小车从_______处释放,比较小车在 _________面上滑行的路程长短(选填“同一粗糙”或“不同粗糙”)。(2)为了探究与水平面的粗糙程度关系。①三次实验是将小车从斜面上的_______ 处释放;②三次实验中,小车在_______表面上运动时受到的摩擦力最小,小车速度改变最_______ (选填“快”或“慢”);③进一步推理可知,若水平面光滑无摩擦,则小车会在水平面上______________。(3) 实验后小宇猜想:小车在水平面上的滑行距离,除了与上述两个因素有关外,还可能与质量有关。为了验证这一猜想,小宇又做了如下实验:在小车上加放数量不等的钩码后,让小车从同一高度由静止滑到水平的木板上,记录小车和钩码的总质量m和它在水平面的滑行距离S,记录数据如下:从上述数据分析,可以得到的结论是:在初速度和接触面粗糙程度相同的条件下,物体在水平面上滑行的距离与物体的质量大小________ ;(4)控制变量法是探究物理规律的重要方法之一,在下列探究过程中运用了这一方法的是( )A.探究光在水中的传播路径 B.探究物体的重力与质量之间的关系C.探究声音能否在真空中传播 D.探究滑动摩擦力的大小与压力的关系35、(4分)小明家有一枚质量为2.1g的银币,他想用量筒测算出该银币是不是纯银的,所用的量筒规格如图所示。请通过计算说明他能否鉴别出该银币?(纯银的密度ρ银=10.5×103kg/m3)江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年度第二学期 初二物理期中试卷答题纸 2013年4月 一、选择题(共15题,每题2分,计30分)123456789101112131415BDDCCAADBCCBDBA二、填空题(每空1分,计27分)16、扩散 温度越高分子的热运动越剧烈17、分子间有相互作用的引力 18、摩擦起电 同种电荷相互排斥 19、不属于 略 20、非平衡力 原子核 21、运动状态 力的作用是相互的 22、< = 23、2.8 受力面积 24、50 1025、静止 1 加速 226、右 重力的方向总是竖直向下的27、2 2 28、2 4三、解答题(本题共9小题,共40分.)29、略 30、(1) 左端零刻度线 右(2)不应用手拿砝码 没有“左物右码”(3) 向右盘内加小砝码或向右调游码(4)①同种物质,体积与质量成正比 ②1、4(或25或36)③不同物质,质量与体积的比值一般不同④B31、(1)使弹簧测力计的示数等于滑动摩擦力的大小(2)甲、乙 (3)压力一定时,接触面越粗糙,滑动摩擦力越大(4)0(5)略32、(1)B C A D F E (2)52 30(3)0.94(4)是33、(1)相反 钩码数量(2) C (3) 用剪刀将小纸片一剪为二 (4)A (5)略 34、(1)不同高度 同一粗糙 (2)①同一高度 ②木板 慢③做匀速直线运动 (3)无关 (4)D 35、 略江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年度第二学期期中考试初二英语 2013. 4第一卷 选择题 (共60分)一、听力测试(共20分,每题1分)第一节 (共10小题) 听第1至10段材料,回答第1至10题。( ) 5. What is Mike now?. A. A teacher B. A doctor C. A student( ) 6. How long has Xiao Wang learn English? A. About last year B. About one year C. About three years( ) 7. What time does the post office open?A. At 7:45. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:15.( ) 8. Where has Jack gone?A. He’s gone to the garden. B. He’s gone to the kitchen. C. He’s gone to the bedroom.( ) 9. What’s the name of the CD-ROM?A Travel around America B. Travel around the world C. Online travel( )10. What does she want to do? A. She wants to get some presents for her mother.B. She wants to help her parents. C. She wants to go on a holiday.第二节(共10小题) 听第一段材料,回答第11-12题。( ) 11. Who comes to the city?A. The woman’s parents. B. The man’s parents. C. The man’s grandparents.( ) 12. What do the visitors think of the city? A. They like it very much. B. They have no idea. C. They hate the city.听第二段材料,回答13-15题。( )13. Where are the man and the woman? A. In a shop. B. On a bus. C. In the post office. ( )14. Where is the woman going? A. To the post office. B. To the library. C. To the park.( )15. How much does the dearest ticket cost? A. Three yuan. B. Two yuan. C. One yuan.听第三段短文,回答第16-20题。( ) 16. When did this happen? A. One evening. B. One night. C. One morning.( ) 17. How many persons were there in the room when someone was knocking at the door? A. One person. B. Two persons. C. Three persons.( ) 18. What did the young man wear? A. A white shirt. B. Long trousers. C. A pair of glasses.( ) 19. Who was the young man ?A. He was a friend of the writer’s.B. He was the friend of the writer’s brother.C. He was a strange man to them.( ) 20. What was mostly the end of the story?A. The young man was taken away by the police.B. The young man became their friend.C. The young man ran away.二、单项选择(共15分,每小题1分)( )21. — This is _________ film I’ve told you about many times.—It’s great. I’ve never seen _________ more interesting one. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a( )22. When _____ he ____ the Football Club ? And how long ____ he _____ it? A. did…join; has…been B. did…join in; have…been a member of C. did…join; has…been in D. has… joined; has…been a member of( )23. --- Have you finished drawing your picture _____, Tom?--- Certainly, Mum. I have drawn it ______. Can I go out for a walk now?A. yet; yet B. already; already C. yet; already D. already; yet( )24. --- What do you think of living _______ in the big flat? --- I think I will feel __________.A. on your own; alone B. by yourself; alone C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone( )25. The CDs _______ well. They will _________ soon. A. sell; sell out B. are sold; sell out C. are sold; be sold out D. sell; be sold out( )26. ---Look! The line of people is ______. --- Bad luck. I don’t think we can get any tickets.A. hopeless B. helpless C. endless D. careless( )27. Sally, hurry up! The TV play has ________ for about ten minutes.A. began B. begun C. started D. been on( )28. The students shouted with ______ when they heard the _______ news.A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excitement; exciting D. exciting; exciting( )29. –Would you like to have a party? --Yes, very much. It _______ to be exciting. A. likes B. is looking C. seems D. as( )30. –Shall we organize a charity show to raise money for Project Hope? --_________. A. It’s nothing B. That’s a good idea C. What a pity D. It doesn’t matter( )31. --- Jack, do you feel _____ nervous when you speak in class? --- No, but I used to be.A. a bit B. a bit of C. a few D. a few of ( )32. Hard work brings us _________, but if we are lazy, we won’t be ________.A. success; success B. successful; success C. successful; successful D. success; successful( )33. Yesterday Millie _______ her MP4 to me and said I could ______ it for a week.A. lent; borrow B. borrowed; borrow C. lent; keep D. borrowed; keep( )34. ---Tom, why not stop ________ a rest?--- Oh, no, Mum. It’s so exciting that I can’t stop _______ the kite.A. having; flying B. to have; to fly C. having; to fly D. to have; flying( )35. There __________ many old and low houses near our school. A. used to have B. was used to be C. used to being D. used to be三、完形填空(共5分,每小题0.5分)Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate came to visit us from America last weekend. This was 36 first time to come to Hong Kong. Yesterday my family showed them around Hong Kong.We got up early in the morning and had breakfast at home. First, we went to the tram(有轨电车) station and 37 a tram. This was Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate’s first 38 on a tram. They thought that it was 39 and they liked the “Ding! Ding!” sound. We 40 the tram at Central. Then we took a boat to Tsim Sha Tsui. On the way, Uncle Sam took a video of many buildings. The wind blew softly on our faces. We 41 a lot. After having a rest, we went to a restaurant for 42 . It was famous for nice food. We 43 a lot of food. I liked pork pies best 44 I ate three. Aunt Kate liked rice dumplings most. After lunch, we went to the Avenue of Stars. Uncle Sam and Aunt Kate were very 45 when they saw the signatures(签名) and handprints(手印) of some famous stars. But it was a little fun to me. In all, we had a good time that day.( )36. A. ourB. hisC. herD. their( )37. A. watchedB. paintedC. tookD. bought( )38. A. driveB. rideC. aimD. report( )39. A. interestingB. boringC. frightenedD. surprised( )40. A. turned offB. got offC. waited forD. looked for( )41. A. flewB. hurriedC. relaxedD. worried( )42. A. snacksB. dessertsC. supperD. lunch( )43. A. broughtB. orderedC. madeD. showed( )44. A. asB. or C. and D. but( )45. A. nervousB. strangeC. silentD. excited四、阅读理解(共20分,每小题2分)(A)There are many people who do jobs that help you.1. Engineers know about Maths and science. They use what they know about Maths and science to build new things. Engineers help build almost everything we use. Some engineers make TVs sound better. Some make computer games that are fun to play. Some also make old things work better for people.2. Police officers work hard to keep towns and cities safe. They help when there are accidents. Police officers also try to stop accidents. They make sure that people don’t break rules.3. Firefighters put out fires in buildings, cars and forests. They save people who are trapped in burning buildings. Firefighters try to stop fires in forests before the fires get to towns.4. People who pick up garbage (垃圾) also help keep towns and cities safe. If garbage is not picked up, people can get sick from germs (病菌). These people work day and night to keep us healthy and safe.( )46. Which is right?①save people who are trapped in burning buildings ②try to stop accidents ③make sure people don’t break rules ④stop fires in forests before the fires spread quickly ⑤get people sick from germs A. Police officers:②⑤ Firefighters:①③ B. Police officers:②④ Firefighters:①⑤ C. Police officers:②③ Firefighters:①④ D. Police officers:①② Firefighters:③⑤( )47. If garbage is not picked up, it will _________. A. make people get sick B. keep people healthy C. keep people safe D. help keep towns and cities safe(B)Ruby, the artist, is an Asian elephant, She is17 years old. She lives in the zoo. Ruby has produced about 100 paintings since last year. She has made more than $ 40,000 for the zoo. Zoo leaders say Ruby first showed the talent (才能) about four years ago. Zoo workers watched her make the marks in the sand with her trunk. She rubbed (擦掉) out the marks, then made the new ones. The zoo worker gave her brushes and paints. Soon Ruby painted pictures. Newspaper reporters wrote Ruby, then people asked about buying her pictures. And in this way, she made a lot of money for the zoo. This is how Ruby does the paintings. A zoo worker holds different color paints. Ruby touches the colors she wants. Then the worker gives her brushes with the chosen colors in her trunk and Ruby begins painting.( )48. We can most probably read this story_______.A. in a dictionary B. in a newspaper C. in a book on art D. in history textbooks( )49. People asked about buying Ruby's pictures because_______.A. newspaper reporters bought her picture B. her pictures were better than those of real artistsC. they just wanted to have fun D. zoo workers would let them have a free visit to the park( )50. Ruby rubbed out the marks she had drawn in order to_______.A. make other ones B. clear her trunkC. dig a hole in the sand D. ask for brushes and paints(C)How much should you save? You may be able to save 100% of your money. Does that mean you should? Not at all. The best way to develop good saving habits is to make saving a regular(有规律的) part of your life, along with spending.Here’s the rule you should remember: save before spending. Whenever some money gets into your hands from a job or your pocket money or whatever, take your savings out at once before spending any of money. The beauty of this system(体系) is that once you’ve taken away your savings, you’re free to spend the rest.Here is some more advice on how to successfully get into the saving habit from teens(青少年). Let’s see!Tony, 13: I put my money in a bank instead of my wallet, so the money is not there. And I have to take an extra step to get it.Billy, 14: When thinking about a major purchase (购买), wait a week or so at least. This will help you make sure you still want it, and the price might go down.Dick, 13: Carry very little money always. You can’t spend money if you don’t have it. A cake would be nice, but without a dollar, you can’t get it. Little things like that really add up quickly.Steve, 16: I used to be weak when it came to money. I bought something whenever I went into a store. I’m glad I’m not that person now. I taught myself discipline (训练) by keeping a $20 bill in my pocket while walking around the mall all day and not buying anything. Now I have no strong wish to buy things when I go into a store. It works for me.These ideas should help you get started. If you have some questions about anything you’ve read here, or you would like to share your ideas about saving money, please write to us.( )51. How does Tony advise you to save money? A. By keeping money in a bank. B. By putting money in a wallet. C. By making it easy to get your money. D. By buying little things.( )52. According to Billy, if you want to buy something expensive, you’d better _________. A. wait at least a month B. make sure it is necessary C. wait until it’s on sale D. ask somebody for help( )53. The writer wrote the passage in order to ask teens to __________. A. make major purchases B. save 100% of their money C. spend all their saving regularly D. save money regularly as well as spending(D)Have you ever heard about the Whale Inside Dark Restaurant? The restaurant is in eastern downtown Beijing. It’s the first eat-in-the-dark restaurant in China and also in Asia. The restaurant is so welcome, since it’s open in January at jianwai SOHO in Chaoyang District.People go there will experience darkness both during the day and the night. The restaurant offers not only a wonderful choice for food, but also a unique(特别的) environment for friends or parties.Every day, Whale Inside receives at least 50 guests(客人) from everywhere around Beijing. About 10 per cent of them are foreigners. The customers will go to the light to see the menu, and then they have to hand in all mobile phones, watches and other things that can give off light. They then move to the dark world. Waiters will lead them to the dark dining area. Of course, the waiters are all wearing special glasses that can make them see in the dark. Customers cannot see anything including their food or friends. They have to look for their spoons, drinks and anything.Every table may get a “secret dish”. The guests will have one chance to guess what the dish is made of. Every one who guesses it correctly can win a prize. “It was not easy”, said the manager, “because without seeing it, only 30 per cent of the guests can succeed in guessing it.”( )54. About _______foreign guests will visit the restaurant every day according to the passage.A. 50 B. 5 C. 10 D. 500( )55. The passage mainly tells us that _______.A. eat in the darkis very popular todayB. it's strange to eat in the darknessC. many people go to get the prize in Whale InsideD. the first eat-in-the-dark restaurant is open in China and also in Asia.第二卷 非选择题 (40分)五、单词拼写(共10分,每小题1分)1. There’s less air pollution here. The air here is very ____________(新鲜的).2. The tower has stood on the top of the hill for five _____________(世纪)3. I couldn’t __________(控制) myself any more and began to laugh.4. Line 1 Underground will be in __________ (服务) next month. 5. Computers are ___________(广泛地) used around the world, aren’t they?6. Our English teacher likes reading ____________(educate) books.7. Many birds fly to _________________ (south) cities when cold weather comes.8. Our best friend Jane has been very busy _____________(recent). 9. The shirt is one of the _________(act) over there.10. Zhanglong is a protected area. It’s ____________(correct) to hunt or fish there.六、动词填空(共10分,每小题1分)1. Don’t worry, you have lots of time __________ (choose) the best one from them.2. He _____________(not see) his parents since he left his hometown.3. What ____________ your father ____________ (do) at noon the day before yesterday?4. Will the film stars be able to ____________ (be) there on time?5. There are two girls _______________ (sing) in the next room.6. The children are making cards ___________ (show) their love to their parents.7. Jim____________ (not be) at home when I came back.8. __________ these words __________ (write) on the card next time?9. The guide is telling them how ___________(get) around the zoo.10. Hi, Lucy! You ____________ (want) on the phone.七、完成句子(共9分,每小题1.5分)一些动物因为这些变化,失去了它们可居住的区域。Some animals _________________________________________________.我们在香港已呆了两个多星期。We ______________________________________________________two weeks.当关天朗在高尔夫比赛中创记录时,我们都忍不住高兴地喊了起来。All of us __________________________when Guan Tianlang broke the record in the golf competition.你介意告诉我怎样使用这个功能吗?Do you mind _____________________________________________________________?食品安全将在我们的日常生活中被越来越多的人意识到。The safety of food _____________________________________________in our daily life.Tom是如此害羞以致于不能在一大群人前讲话。Tom is _________________________________________________a large group of people.八、缺词填空(共6分,每小题0.5分)Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most i 1 way. Some students say they don’t want to read for pleasure. They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the l 2 and new words. They say that pleasure reading is too easy. Many experts (专家) say pleasure reading is very important for l 3 English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a f 4 expert on learning languages, says that pleasure reading h 5 you learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and more words w 6 they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing. Dr. Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different w 7 . Each student needs to learn something different. Pleasure reading makes it p 8 for each student to learn what he or she needs. Reading for pleasure is not the s 9 as studying. When you read for pleasure, you c 10 your own books, and you don’t have to remember everything. There are no tests on your pleasure reading books. Pleasure reading will help you: learn how English s 11 use English; read faster in English; find examples of good writing in English; learn new w 12 ; learn about the cultures(文化) of English speakers, and so on.九、书面表达(共5分)6月3日在江阴市第一中学将有一场义演,请根据以下提示,为宣传海报写一篇60词左右的文章。1. 组织这场义演的目的是给“希望工程”捐款。2. “希望工程”帮助建造学校,也帮助贫困儿童上学。3. 义演的门票为每张20元; 4. 义演于晚上6:30开始,9:30结束;5. 希望你们都会来并支持“希望工程”。2013初二英语答案听力ACABC BBAAA CABBA BACCA单项选择DCCCD CDCCB ADCDD完形填空DCBAB CDBCD阅读理解CABCA ABDBD单词拼写1. fresh 2. centuries 3. control 4. service 5. widely6. educational 7. southern 8. recently 9. actors’ 10. incorrect动词填空1. to choose 2. hasn’t seen 3. was ,doing 4. be 5. singing6. to show 7. wasn’t 8. Will, be written 9. to get 10. are wanted 完成句子lost their living areas because of these changeshave been in Hong Kong for more than / overcouldn’t stop shouting with joytelling me how to use this fun_ctionwill be realized by more and more peopleso shy that he can’t speak in front of缺词填空1. important 2. language 3. learning 4. famous 5. helps 6. when7. way 8. possible 9. same 10. choose 11. speakers 12. words书面表达(略)初二英语听力测试现在开始第一节 (共10小题)听第1至10段材料,回答第1至10题。1. M: Don’t forget to take any photos of Mount Fuji.W: I know. I’ll take many beautiful pictures to show you.2. M: How beautiful the park is!W: So it is. But it used to be a factory with much pollution here.3.M: What’s the weather like today?W: It is windy and rainy. 4. M: Where shall we go?W: Let’s go to Italy for our holiday.5. M: What is your plan after finishing school, Mike?W: Well, my parents want me to be a teacher, while I want to be a doctor.6. M: When did you begin to learn English, Xiao Wang? W: Last year.7. M: Well, I wonder why the office is still not open? W: But it’s not yet eight. It’s only a quarter to eight.8. M: Where’s Jack? I want to talk to him.W: I think he’s in the garden.9. M: Who is the educational CD-ROM designed by?W: You mean the CD-ROM “travel around America”? It is designed by Nancy.10. W: Today is my mother’s birthday.M: Really? You should buy some presents for her.W: Yes , I think so.第二节(共10小题) 听第一段材料,回答第11-12题。W: I hear that your parents are visiting you. How do they like the city?M: Oh, they like it a lot.W: How long have they been here?M: Three and a half weeks. But I think they’re ready to go home. They miss their grandchildren.听第二段材料,回答13-15题。M: Tickets, please W: How much is it?M: Where are you going to get off?W: I’ll get off at the library behind the post office. M: That will be one yuan. W: Don’t all the tickets cost the same? M: Of course not. If you take one more stop, it will cost you two yuan. W: How much is the dearest?M: Three yuan. 听第三段短文,回答第16-20题。 It was quite late at night. I was reading a newspaper alone in my room when I heard someone knocking at the door. I opened it and saw a young man with glasses standing there. He said that he was a friend of my brother’s and wanted to have a talk with him. I didn’t know if my brother had such a friend, but I had to let him in.As we talked, I found that he knew nothing about my brother. Then I came to know that his words were not true. Suddenly my brother rushed in and the young man was so surprised that he didn’t know what to do for a moment. We caught the man and sent for the police at the same time.听力测试到此结束。江阴市第一中学2012—2013学年度第二学期期中考试 初二语文 2013.4 积累与运用(14分)1.下列各组词语中读音和书写正确的一项是: ( )(3分)A.倦怠dài 翡翠fěi 不折不挠náo B.汪洋万倾qǐng 秀颀qí 虬qiú枝C.迸bìng溅 谛dì听 漠mò不关心 D.强qiáng聒不舍 狭隘ài 枯瘠jí2.下列各句中加点词语使用不恰当的一项是 ( )(2分)A.老师的话语像一股暖流融化了他那颗冰冷的心,好好学习的念头在他心中潜滋暗长。 B.永远不要认为你已经学富五车,在这大千世界中,你所知道的不过是大海中的一滴水。C.蛇年春晚的小品《大城小事》,演员们表演风趣,让观众们忍俊不禁地哈哈大笑。D.写作的时候,我喜欢在方格纸上,不受拘束地,心无旁骛地抒写下去。3.选出下列加点字解释有误的一项 ( )(3分) A.斯是陋室: 此,这 B.且欲与常马等不可得:并且,而且C.持就火炀之 :烤 D.罔不因势象形:依据4.下列句子没有语病的一项是: (?? ?)(2分)A.保持艰苦朴素的生活作风是关系到广大干部能否继承并发扬革命传统的大问题。B.经过精心选育,使野生兰花清香诱人,珍品迭出。C.感冒退热冲剂的主要成分是大青叶、板兰根、草河车配制而成的。D.为了防止这类交通事故再发生,我们加强了交通安全的教育和管理。5.从下列两则材料中得到的启示概括正确的一项是 ( )(2分)材料①:根据科学试验计算,一只蜜蜂要酿一公斤蜜,须在100万朵花上采原料,飞行距离差不多绕地球赤道11周。材料②:一个青年苦恼地对昆虫学家法布尔说:“我不知疲倦地把全部精力都放在自己喜欢的事业上,结果却收效甚微。”“看来你是个献身科学的有志青年。”法布尔赞许地说。这位青年说:“是啊,我爱科学,可是我也爱文学,对音乐和美术我也感兴趣,我把时间都用上了。”法布尔听完后,从口袋里掏出一个放大镜说:“把你的精力集中到一个焦点上试试,就像这个放大镜一样。”A.选取正确的方向是取得成功的前提。B.学习既要博采众长,又要专一,才能有所成就。C.勤奋是通向成功的阶梯。D.只有珍惜时间、努力拼搏,才能取得成功。6.填入下面横线上的句子,排列恰当的一项是 ( )(2分)千岛湖畔的油茶树,生就了一副怪脾气。 。冷寂的秋天在油茶花的映衬下,多了好些妩媚。同在秋天开放的菊花,古往今来,受到多少人的歌吟和追捧。而油茶花却安贫乐道,不慕虚华,更有君子气。①这花,如秋叶般静美,不慌不忙,从从容容绽放。②放眼望去,像一层薄薄的初雪覆压,又如一场浓霜骤然降临。?③她不羡慕春的热闹、夏的灿烂,却选择在落木萧萧的秋,开出甜蜜淡雅的花。?④白色的花瓣,黄色的花蕊,你挨我,我挨你,层层缀满枝头。?A.③①④②? B.④①②③? C.③④①② D.④②③①?二、阅读与赏析(共44分)(一)(4分)????????????????????????? 重送裴郎中贬吉州 刘长卿 猿啼客散暮江头,人自伤心水自流。 同作逐臣君更远,青山万里一孤舟。7.阅读上面的一首诗,回答问题。(1)首句的景物描写在诗中起什么作用?(2分) (2)末句通过对比手法,抒发了作者怎样的情感?(2分) ??????????????????????????????????? (二)(10分)约取而实得叶奕绳①尝言强记之法:“某②性甚钝。每读一书,遇所喜即札录之,录讫朗诵十余遍,粘之壁间,每日必十余段,少也六七段。掩卷闲步,即就壁问观所粘录,日三五次以为常,务期精熟,一字不遗。壁既满,乃取第一日所粘者收笥③中。俟再读有所录,补粘其处。随收随补,岁无旷日。一年之内,约得三千段。数年之后,腹笥渐满。每见务为泛滥者④,略得影响⑤而止,稍经时日,便成枵腹⑥,不如予之约⑦取而实得也。”【注释】①叶奕绳:山东历城人,有文采,善剧曲。②某:我。③笥(sì):古代盛饭或盛衣服的方形竹器。④务为泛滥者:务为,力求;泛滥,此指多而杂乱。⑤影响:此处指印象。⑥枵(xiāo)腹:空腹,指毫无学问。⑦约:简要,精练。8.解释下列句中加点的词。(4分)①录讫朗诵十余遍 ②即就壁问观所粘录 ③一字不遗 ④俟再读有所录 9.下列句中“之”与“粘之壁间”中的“之”用法相同的一项是(?? ? )(2分) ??A. 叶奕绳尝言强记之法 B. 马之千里者C. 跪而拾之以归 D. 只辱于奴隶人之手10.翻译句子。(2分)日三五次以为常 11.作者在文中倡导“约取而实得”的读书方法。“约取”的具体表现为:“遇所喜即札录之”,“实得”的具体表现为 。与“约取”相对的是: ,与“实得”相对的是:“稍经时日,变成枵腹”。(用文中话回答)(2分)(三)(4分) 美国科学家发明处理金属玻璃新方法 ①金属玻璃用途广泛,但用其制造零件时成本高昂,而且容易留下瑕疵。现在,美国科学家研发出一种名为快速火花成型的新技术。 ②1960年,科学家们首先发现了金属玻璃,金属玻璃既有金属和玻璃的优点,又克服了它们各自的弊病,其强度是工业用钢铁的3倍、柔韧性是钢铁的10倍,广泛应用于航空航天和消费电子等领域。 ③以前,人们主要通过将金属玻璃加热到结晶的熔点之上来制造金属玻璃零件。人们将熔融的金属玻璃投入一个铁模具中,让其在结晶之前冷却。但有个问题:铁模具一般只能承受 600摄氏度左右的温度,因此,需要经常替换,这就大大增加了生产成本。而且,在1000摄氏度高温下,液态金属玻璃的流动性很强,很容易泼溅,让最终获得的零件“伤痕累累”。 ④杰森团队另辟蹊径,以极快的速度来加热和处理金属玻璃。他们只将固态金属玻璃加热到500摄氏度左右,使其达到流动性足以让其注入一个模具中并冷却下来的液体状态,一切都发生在金属玻璃结晶之前。杰森团队使用电阻加热技术来均匀且快速地加热这种材料。他们在约1微秒内,朝一根小金属玻璃棒发射一束短暂而密集的电流脉冲,给其传送1000焦耳的能量来将其加热。该电流脉冲均匀地加热了整个金属玻璃,速度是以前的1000多倍。杰森表示,半微秒内,金属玻璃就达到了合适的温度,然后,熔融状态下的金属玻璃被注入模具中并冷却,耗时仅几微秒。 ⑤杰森团队使用这一新技术,成功地在550摄氏度、不到40微秒内将一个金属玻璃棍加热制成了一个环形物体,新环形物没有瑕疵,也没有被氧化。12.第②自然段画线句运用了哪两种说明方法?有何作用?(2分)答: 13.请结合文章内容概括回答,采用这种新方法处理金属玻璃有哪些好处?(2分) 答: (四)(4分)跌倒了也要笑① 日本著名哲学家中江兆民,早年留学法国,学养厚重,著述译著多部,人称“东方卢梭”。1901年,他54岁时被检出患了咽头癌,医生判断最多只能活“一年半”。他在“只要有一口气,就一定有事可做,也可过得愉快”的信念支持下,开始最后两部著作的写作。他最终没有活过“一年半”,但气管被割开,“枯瘦得像仙鹤一样”的他,却以超常的毅力,完成了日本学术史上里程碑式的著作《一年有半》《读一年有半》。他在重病期间写的名诗《跌倒时也要笑》,也在日本不胫而走,流传至今。② 跌倒也要笑,是苦中作乐的顽强精神,是不屈不挠的人生态度,具有这样的可贵品质,早晚会走出低谷,再创辉煌,即便壮志未酬,也会虽败犹荣,虽死犹生。从古到今这样的例子不胜枚举。③当年,曹操兵败赤壁,80万大军被扫荡一空,身边只有数骑。逃亡路上,将士都心情沮丧,无精打采。曹操却谈笑风生,似乎是在凯旋。他的乐观情绪感染了周围的人,行进速度明显加快,不久便脱离险境,回到魏地。后来重整旗鼓,卷土重来,也没要太长时间。④苏东坡因乌台诗案被贬谪,这一跤让他跌得鼻青脸肿,惨不忍睹,先贬黄州,又贬颖州、惠阳,最远贬到海南儋州,这是仅比满门抄斩罪轻一等的处罚。面对人生低谷,超强的乐观精神救了他,东坡放言:“百年须笑三万六千场,一日一笑,此生快哉!”于是,黄州城外赤壁山前开怀一笑,《赤壁赋》《后赤壁赋》和《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》等千古名作便横空出世,奠定了他文化伟人的历史地位。⑤曾有人说,三个苹果改变了世界:一个苹果诱惑了夏娃,一个苹果砸中了牛顿,还有一个苹果在乔布斯手中,这个苹果被咬去一口,是他多年遭受苦难的隐喻。创业、跌倒、再创业、再跌倒,经过十几年的打拼,他终于有了自己的公司和产品。可是,他的手下居然发动“政变”,把他从自己的公司扫地出门。跌了这样的大跟头,他不过淡然一笑,又开始重新 创业。不久,机会来了,他原来的公司终于看到了他的价值,又请他回去主持大局。从此,他便如鱼得水,大显身手,事业一路高歌,奇迹接连出现,他的产品影响了整个世界。⑥《菜根谭》说得好:“得意时论地谈天,俱是水底捞月;拂意时,吞冰啮雪,才为火内栽莲。”就是说,作为一个修行人,处处顺境,就得不到真实修行;必须要在逆境中,才能够有所成就。作为一个创业人,不经失败,不跌跟头,没有“跌倒也要笑”的精神,也不会真正成熟。只有在跌倒的时候仍然能够直面南天,能够仰天长笑,你才能成为一个真正的强者,才能成为一个成功者。14.选文的中心论点是什么?(2分) 15.选文第一自然段的作用是什么?(2分) (五)花的风骨(12分)赵丽宏①说起花的风骨,人们都要说梅花。在江南,也处处有梅花。梅花开在严寒之时,使无花的冬天提前有了春意。少年时代,在上海郊区的一所寄宿中学念书,学校附近有一个小花园,花园里有一片小小的梅林。冬春之交时,梅花盛开,我和几个同学经常相约去看梅花。这时,天气已经不怎么冷,看不到冰雪,风中已有几分湿润的春意。记忆中那,片梅林是湖畔的一朵温柔的红云。它们并没有使我联想起什么傲雪斗霜的铮铮风骨,那一片红云,只是春天来临的象征。 ②在江南,还有什么花像梅花那样,也能预报春天的来临昵?那大概总是有的。③很多年前在崇明岛上,我曾在一片荒凉的海滩上认识一种奇妙的小花,至今无法忘怀。那时,我在崇明岛临海的东端上参加围垦。在海滩上用泥土垒起一条长堤,挡住海水,被长堤圈住的海滩便成了农田。人的奋斗,使大自然千万年才形成的沧海桑田变成了几个昼夜之间的事情。然而这些新围出来的农田却无法耕种,播下粮种,常常是颗粒无收。为什么?因为被围垦的海滩是盐碱地,不适宜种庄稼。连生命力极强的芦苇在那里也无法生存。于是人们便在这些盐碱地里放入淡水,水可以冲淡田里的盐份,又可以养鱼,一举两得。我被留在海边守鱼塘,度过了寂寞的一年。面对着荒芜的盐碱滩,难免联想起那些艰难孤独的人生,也难免顾影自怜。在大地的同一纬度上,只要春天一到,江南的大地上便花红柳绿,生命繁衍得轰轰烈烈,而这里,光秃秃的土地上只有白森森的盐花。寒冬尚未结束,但也已进入尾声。④有一天,我发现盐碱滩上星星点点长出一些绿色的嫩芽。它们的叶瓣细小,却翠碧清秀,令人欣喜。海滩上寒风呼啸,这些翠绿的嫩芽似乎毫不在乎,迎着凛冽的风一点点伸展蔓延,没有什么力量那阻止它们的成长。有时候,从海上卷来的风猛烈得能把树连根拔起,能将屋顶整个掀掉,然而对这些贴地而生的绿草,它们显得无可奈何。这些扎根在盐碱地里,冒着严寒生长的植物,引起我极大的兴趣。我看着它们一天天大起来,高起来,长成了一蓬蓬小灌木似的绿球。它们为荒凉的盐碱滩铺上了一层斑驳的绿地毯。⑤当地的农民告诉我,这是一种只在盐碱地上生长的野草,叫盐碱草。初春时,寒意未消,大概就是梅花开放的时节,盐碱草也开花了。这是一些淡紫色的小花,它们的蓓蕾小如米粒,乍开时并不显眼,要留心看才能发现。可是,等到所有的蓓蕾一起怒放时,盐碱滩上便出现了美妙的景象,只见一片片雪青的轻云,在风中飘摇。这时,风依然刺骨,盐碱滩上白花花的盐渍仍在,而笼罩大地的荒凉却已经不复存在,是这些活泼动人的小花驱逐了荒凉。这些小花,还引来了成群的蜜蜂。蜜蜂欢叫着在花丛中飞舞的情景,使我感动,我在当时的日记中这样感叹:"世界上,有什么花比这些盐碱花更坚强更美丽呢?若论坚强,它们不会输给冰山上的雪莲,也不亚于在肥沃的土地上报春的梅花。它们是有着独特风骨的花。⑥我曾经采下一束盐碱花,养在一个杯子里。在一间简陋的茅屋中,那束盐碱花使我感受到了生命的无穷魅力,它们向我展现了江南万花争艳的春天。⑦我想,只要春天如期降临人间,花是不会灭绝的,即便是在最贫瘠的土地上。16.文章开头为什么从梅花写起?(2分) 17.阅读③-⑤段,结合文章内容简要分析作者的思想感情发生了哪些变化?(4分) 18.作者为什么说盐碱花是有着“独特风骨”的花?(2分) 19.“只要春天如期降临人间,花是不会灭绝的,即便是在最贫瘠的土地上。”联系全文,说说你对这句话的理解。(4分) 六(10分)20. 根据课文默写。(10分)① ,相伴过年华。 ② ?归思方悠哉。③塞下秋来风景异, 。 ④ ,欲上青天揽明月。 ⑤抽刀断水水更流, 。 ⑥临风一唳思何事? 。⑦无丝竹之乱耳, 。⑧ ,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。⑨策之不以其道, , 。三、综合实践(2分)21.我校校报开设了一个新栏目——《青春的舞台》,目的是搭建一个平台,让学生展示个性和才艺,假如你担任该栏目的主编,请围绕“青春”这一主题,为该栏目设计一段卷首语。要求:表现栏目创意,至少运用一种修辞手法。 四、作文(40分)行走,是生命的姿态,是生命的历程。生命,在行走中经历风雨,在行走中健壮成长,在行走中感悟丰润。行走在自然中,感受生命的蓬勃活力;行走在时光中,感受岁月的匆匆易逝;行走在人群中,感受情感的真挚与温暖……行走中会有迷茫,有懈怠,有执着,有抗争……每一种行走,都会在身后留下脚印,在心中留下欣慰。 请以“行走在初二”为题写一篇记叙文。要求:①中心明确,内容具体,有真情实感;③文中不得出现真实的校名、人名;④字数不得少于600字。初二语文期中试卷答案一、???积累与运用(14分)1.A 2. C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A?二、阅读与赏析(共44分)(一)(4分)7.(1)交代了送别时的环境,渲染了凄凉的氛围,烘托了人物悲凉的心情(2)体现了友人别离后的孤寂,表达了作者对友人的依依不舍地深情。(二)(10分)8. (1)终了,完毕 (2)走近 (3)遗漏? (4)等到 9.C10.略11.数年之后,腹笥渐满 务为泛滥(三)(4分)12.采用了列数字、作比较的说明方法;具体准确地说明了金属玻璃坚固性强,柔韧性好的特点。(2分)13.采用这种新方法能低成本、快速度地制造出无瑕疵的金属玻璃零件。(2分)(四)(4分)⒕(2分)跌倒了也要笑。用自己的话回答意思对也可得分。⒖(2分)引出论点,激发读者阅读兴趣,充当事实论据证明中心论点(2分)。(五)(12分)16.(2分)因为人们都认为梅花开在严寒之时有风骨,引出作者对梅花的淡然态度(1分),为下文抒写盐碱花身上体现的独特风骨作铺垫(1分)。17.(4分)①在海边守鱼塘,盐碱滩一片荒芜,感到寂寞,顾影自怜。②盐碱滩长出嫩芽,感到欣喜,引起极大兴趣。③盐碱花怒放,引来蜜蜂飞舞,使作者感动,于是发出了人生的感叹,赞美盐碱花有独特的风骨。(2分)18.(2分)因为盐碱花不仅能在寒冷之时开放(1分),而且能在荒芜贫瘠的恶劣环境中坚强地生长,美丽地盛开(1分)。19.(4分)不管生活环境多么恶劣,不管有多少艰难孤独,只要心中永远充满希望(2分),生命就会焕发无限生机,人生就会展现无限精彩(2分)。意思对即可)20.略三、口语交际(2分)21.这里有朝气蓬勃的青春风采,这里有迎风搏浪的豪迈激情,这里有雄鹰展翅的宏伟志向。让我们在这个青春舞台上,尽情地张扬个性,施展才华,放飞梦想。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 江苏省江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年八年级下学期期中考试数学试题.doc 江苏省江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年八年级下学期期中考试物理试题.doc 江苏省江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题.doc 江苏省江阴市第一中学2012-2013学年八年级下学期期中考试语文试题.doc