资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (新高考 I 卷)
语篇导航
语篇 话题 体裁 词数 难度
阅读理解 A 人与自我：课程评分规则 应用文 234 + 70 = 304 易
阅读理解 B 人与自然：减少食物浪费 夹叙夹议文 338 + 110 = 448 中
阅读理解 C 人与社会：关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目 记叙文 292 + 111 = 403 中
阅读理解 D 人与社会：人类语音的发展与农业之间的关系 说明文 335 + 133 = 468 难
阅读七选五 人与社会：寻找健身搭档 说明文 252 + 69 = 321 中
完形填空 人与自我：露营经历 记叙文 236 中
语法填空 人与自然：报道中国设 立 大 熊 猫 国 家 公 园(GPNP) 的情况 新闻报道 211 中
书面表达 人与社会：邀请外教参加电台访谈 应用文 80 左右 中
读后续写 人与自我：克服自身局限参加跑步比赛 记叙文 150 左右 中
试题解读
第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90 —100, A; 80—89, B; 70—79, C; 60—69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:
Essay 1= 10%; Essay 2= 15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4= 20%。
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work / In-Class writings and Test / Group Work / homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, buts students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture / discussion, so it is important to take careful notes. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during in class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
语篇解读
关键词 Grading Policies, Essays, Group Assignments
主旨概要 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了“文学入门”课程的评分规则，主要从该课程成绩所包含的三项考核内容展开介绍。
语言知识
重难点词 introduction n 入门课程，入门导论；scale n [课标外词] (用 于计量数量﹑ 速度﹑ 质量等的) 标准，级别；grade n (学校 的) 成绩，评分等级；assignment n [派生词] (分配的) 任务，作业；submit v [学术词] 提交，呈递；assign v [学术词] [一词
多义] 确定 (时间、地点等)；work n (尤指为某一 目的进行 的) 学习 ﹐ 研究；draw v [熟词生义] 获取，得到；additionally adv [句子副词] 除此之外，此外 (in addition)；assign v [学术 词] [一词多义] 布置，指派 (工作、任务等)；grade v [名词 动化] 给……评分 / 分等级；due date n [独立词条] 到期日， 截止日；period n [熟词生义] 学时，课时；excuse v [熟词生 义] 准许……离开，请求准予离开，(离开前)请求原谅；rewritev [派生词] 重写，改写
重难点词块 Introduction to Literature 文学入门； Grading Scale 评分标 准；Group Assignments 小组作业；the assigned date 指定的 日期；In-Class Writings 课堂写作；vary from day to day 每 天不同；assigned readings 指定的阅读材料；previous class’ lecture 上节课的讲座；from time to time 不时地，偶尔；Late Work 逾期作业；letter grade 字母等级，分数；turn in 上交； as a result of 因为，由于；an excused absence 被准许缺课，请假；final grade 期末成绩；be made up of 由……构成
长难句分析 Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. 句意为：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但 学生必须做好准备，完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些内容 直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。drawn directly from … 为分词短
语作后置定语，修饰 writings or tests。An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. 句意为：没有按期 在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降一个等级。not submitted in class … 为分词短语作后置定语。it is late 为省略 关系词 when 的定语从句，修饰先行词 each class period 。此用法在口语中较为常见。
答案与解析
21. C 推 理 判 断 题 根 据 文 章 标 题 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature“文学入门课程评分规则”以及 Essays (60%) 下的 the grade for this course “ 本 课 程 的 成 绩 ” 和 Group Assignments (30%) 下 的 … Blackboard, our online learning and course management system “ … Blackboard (在线学习和课程管理系统) ”可推知，本文是对一个文学入门 课程评分规则的详细介绍，故应该是选自课程方案 (A course plan ) 。
22. B 事实细节题 根据三个小标题 Essays (60%) 、Group Assignments (30%)和 Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)中括号内的分数所占百分比可知，这三项加起来正好是 100% ，因此 学生的期末成绩是由这三项考核内容组成的。
23. A 事实细节题 根据最后一段中的 If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. 可知，如果在到期日第 4 天还没提交 论文，将会得到零分，因此晚交一周只能拿零分。
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way to much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte' writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
"If that’s hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C. which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing Waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does he author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
语篇解读
关键词 food waste, environmental problem, reduce waste
主旨概要 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，呼吁人们节约粮食，减少浪费，珍惜劳动成果，保护自然资源。
原文出处 选自 National Geographic《美国国家地理》2016 年 3 月刊 https://www.academia.edu/31795639/National_Geographic_M ( https: / / www.academia.edu / 31795639 / National_Geographic_M )arch
语言知识
重难点词 stick v [非正式用语] (迅速而随意地) 摆放 ﹐ 放置；freezer n(冰箱中的) 冷冻室，冰柜；unthinkingly adv [派生词] 不加 思考地(un- + thinking + -ly)；way adv 远远地，大大地(way too much 太多) ；jaw-dropping adj [合成词] 令人吃惊的； perfectly adv 完全地，非常；reject v [学术词] [熟词生义] (因 质量不好而) 废弃；near v 临近 (某一时间)；recover v [学 术词] [熟词生义] 回收，重新利用；produce n [熟词生义] 农 产品；rot v 腐烂；freeze v 冷冻，冷藏；dry v [形容词动词化] (使) 变干；purchase v [正式用语] 购买；unintentionally adv [派生词] 无意地 (un- + intention + -al + -ly) ；consequence n [学术词] 结果，后果；consumption n [学术词] 消费量，消耗 量
重难点词块 be mindful of [正式用语] 想着 / 考虑到……；go to waste 被
浪费掉；round ... out 使……圆满，使……完整；end up (尤 指经历一系列意料之外的事情后) 最终处于，最终成为；work late 加班，工作到很晚；call with a dinner invitation 打电话 邀请 (我) 吃饭；go bad 变质，腐坏；throw out / away 扔 掉，丢弃；go hungry 挨饿；go against the moral grain 违背 道德准则；cover story (杂志的) 封面故事；large amounts of 大量的；greenhouse gas 温室气体；take donations 接受捐赠； down the road 在路上；play a part in 在……中发挥作用； reduce waste 减少浪费；side dish 配菜；have good reasons for sth 对某事有充分的理由；moral decline 道德滑坡；make sthout of sth 用某物制作某物
长难句分析 It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrownaway — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 句意为：虽能食用但因“长相难看” 就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜，大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶 的菜肴，这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉，简直令人吃惊。 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是how 引导的从句；破折号后的 内容是对前面内容的补充说明；rejected by grocers 及 thrown into restaurant garbage cans 为后置定语，分别修饰vegetables 和 dishes。If food waste were a country, it would be the third largestproducer of greenhouse gases in the world. 句意为：如果食物
浪费是一个国家，那么它将是世界上第三大温室气体制造国。 本句是一个 if 虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
答案与解析
24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段 I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. 以及 But I ended up working late ... unthinkingly bought way too much. 可 知，作者有心避免浪费食物，但却因加班、与朋友聚餐以及买得太多而使得 芝麻菜腐坏 ， 由此推 断我们有 时会在无 意 中浪 费食物 。B 选项 中的 unintentionally 与文中的 unthinkingly 为同义异构。
25. B 事 实细节题 根据第三段前两句 Producing food that no one eats wastes the water ... an environmental problem. 可知，食物浪费会引发环境 问题。
26. D 事实细节题 根据第四段第三句 Curtin is CEO of ... recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. 可知，Curtin 所在的公司旨在将人们不想要的食 品转化为健康的食物，D 项符合文意。
27. A 事 实 细 节 题 根 据 最 后 一 段 第 二 句 Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by … or by … you won’t eat. 可知，Curtin 建议人 们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪 费，A 项符合文意。
C
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“ We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
语篇解读
关键词 care home, elderly people, hen, look after
主旨概要 英国一家慈善机构发起了一个让养老院老人养鸡的项目，以缓解老年人的孤独，这个项目受到老年人的欢迎。
原文出处 选自英国《每日电讯报》网站 2015 年 7 月 20 日名为Lonely elderly given hens to keep them company 的文章。 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/elder/11750459/ ( https: / / www.telegraph.co.uk / news / health / elder / 11750459 / Lonely-elderly-given-hens-to-keep-them-company.html )Lonely-elderly-given-hens-to-keep-them-company.html
后被下述网站转载：https://www.equalarts.org.uk/news/henpower-launches-in- ( https: / / www.equalarts.org.uk / news / henpower-launches-in-london )london
语言知识
重难点词 loneliness n [派生词] 孤独；wellbeing n [合成词] 健康， 幸福；dementia n [医学] 痴呆；staff n 全体职工；keep v [熟词生义] 养，饲养；focus n [学术词] 重点；countrywide adv [合成词] 遍及全国地；session n 会议，会期；benefit n [学术词] 益处；ensure v [学术词] 确保；promote v [学 术词] 促进，提升；welfare n [学术词] 幸福，福祉；affect v [学术词] 影响；gain v 获得；personality n 个性；oppose v 反对；evaluate v [学术词] 评价；profitable adj [派生词]有利润的，有益的；ages n [复数] [非正式用语] 很长时间
重难点词块 care home 护理院，照护所；stop sb doing sth 防止某人 做某事；dream up 想出 (尤指不同寻常的计划、主意)； suffer dementia 患有痴呆症；a reduction in sth 某事物的 减少；in use 在使用；take part in 参加，参与；used to do sth 过去常常做某事；financial support 财政支持；roll out 正式推出 (新产品、服务等)；embark on 着手，开始； look forward to 期待 ；a shared interest 共同的兴趣 ； part-time jobs 兼职工作；the aged 老人；raise money for 为……筹钱；a sense of achievement 成就感；recover one’s memory 恢复记忆；be well received 很受欢迎；it takesages to do sth 做某事需要花很长时间
写作金句 I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful. 我喜欢这些有创意的活动，能做些有用的事让我感觉很好。
答案与解析
28. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句 The project was dreamed up … to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. 可知，这个项目的 目的是为了缓解老年人的孤独，提升他们的幸福感。D 项中的 promote 和 welfare 分别对应文中的 improve 和 wellbeing ，故选 D。
29. B 推理判断题 根据第五段 It’s good to have a different focus … I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful. 可知，Ruth Xavier 喜欢养鸡，做些有用的事让她感觉很好，由此可 推断出她从养鸡这件事中获得了成就感 (a sense of achievement)。
30. C 词义猜测题 根据 embark on 前面的 one of the first 及其后面的 Residents really welcome the idea of 可知，此处指 Wendy Wilson 是最早发 起 (begin ) 这个项目的人之一，embark on 与 C 项 begin 意思相近。
31. A 推理判断题 根据最后两段中 Residents really welcome the idea of the project … We are happy to be taking part in the project. 可知，人们欣然接 受这个项目并且乐于参与，也就是这个项目很受大家欢迎 (well received)。
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds common than others A ground-breaking, five year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v” , were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the language of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moan say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and a dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
语篇解读
关键词 speech sounds, diet-related changes, the development ofagriculture
主旨概要 本文为说明文，主要讲述了人类语音的发展与农业的发 展， 以及其所带来的饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
百科知识 当人类从事农业并播下文明种子的时候，也重塑了人类的 语音。研究表明，人类祖先为了适应新的饮食方式而使得 牙齿和上下颌发生了变化，这一生理变化又导致了新的语 音的产生，一定程度上改变了人类的语言能力。如今，这些新的语音仍存在于世界上的大多数语言中。
原文出处 选自 newscientist 网站 2019 年 3 月 14 日名为 Humans couldn’t pronounce ‘f’ and ‘v’ sounds before farming developed 的文章。https://www./article/2196580-humans-co ( https: / / www. / article / 2196580-humans-co ) uldnt-pronounce-f-and-v-sounds-before-farming-developed/
语言知识
重难点词 click n (尤见于非洲南部某些语言的) 吸气音；certain adj 某些；note (that) v [正式用语] 指出，特别提到；labiodental n [课标外词] 唇齿音；society n 社会 (共同遵守一定的习 俗、法律等的特定群体)；trend n [学术词] 趋势；arise v[正式用语] 发生，产生；confirm v [学术词] (尤指提供证
据来) 证实；present adj [不用于名词前]存在；set n 一套， 一组；product n 产物(the product of sth 某事物的产物)； structure v [学术词] 组织，安排；drive v 推动；dynamicadj [学术词] 动态的，发展变化的
重难点词块 lead to 导致； speech sound 语音；the upper and lower front teeth 上下门牙；touch sth to sth 把某物贴着某物； the lower lip 下嘴唇；be connected with 与……有关；at this point 在这个时期；the popular view 普遍的观点； remain stable 保持稳定；the appearance of human beings 人类 的 出 现 ；the huge variety of 种类 繁 多 的 … … ；cultural diversity 文化多样性
派生词、 合成词 派生词：overbite n (牙齿的) 覆咬合, 上包齿 (over- + bite )；global adj [学术词] 全球的 (globe + -al)；remarkably adv 惊人 地(remark + -able + -ly)；overturn v 推翻(over- + turn )； appearance n 出现 (appear + -ance)；interplay n 相互作 用(inter- + play); biological adj 生物的(biology + -ical)； evolution n [学术词] 进化 (evolve + -tion)；distribution n [学术词] 分布 (distribute + -tion )合成词：ground-breaking adj 创 新 的 ， 开 创 性 的 ( break new ground 开 拓创新 ) ； diet-related adj 与饮食相 关 的 ； jawbone n 下 颌 骨 ； database n 数 据 库 ， 资 料 库 ；hunter-gatherer n 狩猎采集者
长难句分析 A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. 句意为：一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，由于饮食改变， 人类咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新的语音。这些语 音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。第一个 that 引导宾语 从句，宾语从句的谓语为 led to，在宾语从句中有一个 that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 speech sounds。More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. 句意为：30 多年前，学者查尔斯 ·霍 克特指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f ”和“v ”，在吃 较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见。第一个 that 引导宾语 从句，宾语从句的主语为 speech sounds ，谓语为 were ， 其中 called labiodentals 为过去分词短语作 speech sounds 的后置定语，such as “f” and “v”为插入语，对 labiodentals 进行补充说明。第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 societies。They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 句意为：他们发现古人类成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，因为发出唇齿
音时，上牙需要碰触到下嘴唇。本句主语为 they ，谓语为 discovered ，that 引导宾语从句，making … 为动词-ing 短语作状语，which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 labiodentals。Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. 句意为： 对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言 的语音发生了全球性的变化，语音“f ”和“v ”的使用在 过去几千年中显著增加。本句主语为 analyses ，谓语动词 为 confirmed，that 引导宾语从句，with 复合结构作状语， 其中 increasing 的逻辑主语为 the use of “f” and “v” 。 This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. 句意为：这项研究推翻了一种 普遍的观点，即人类在大约30 万年前进化时，所有的语 音都已存在。that 引导同位语从句，对 the popular view 进行解释说明，when 引导时间状语从句。The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things likebiological change and cultural evolution. 句意为： 自从人
类出现后，我们使用的这些语音并不是一成不变的。相反， 我们今天发现的多种多样的语音正是多种事物如生物变 化与文化演变相互交织、相互作用的产物。本句是一个并 列句，为 not … but rather … 的并列结构，前半句的主干 为 The set of speech sounds … has not necessarily remained stable ， 后 半句 的 主干 为 the huge variety ofspeech sounds … is the product of …。
答案与解析
32. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句中的 … diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds … 和第二段最后一句中的 … how and why this trend arose. 可知 Damián Blasi 的研究与人类语音的发展变化 有关。故 D 项正确。
33. C 事实细节题 根据第三段第一句 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth … by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 可知，要发 出唇齿音 (produce labiodentals )，上牙需要触碰到下嘴唇，而古人类的上 门牙和下门牙是对齐的，这种下颌骨结构让他们很难发出唇齿音，所以选 C。
34. A 主旨大意题 上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代 (the Neolithic age) 农业的发展有关，而第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的 分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化”， 因此第五段主要为上文的研究结果提供证据。本段第一句中的 confirm (证 实) 是关键词。
35. C 推理判断题 根据最后一段 The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable … is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution 可知，人类的语音并不是 一成不变的，而是一个复杂的动态变化、相互作用的系统。
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
语篇解读
关键词 workout partner
主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有健身搭档的好处，以及如何才能找到一个好的搭档。
原文出处 选自 China Daily (《中国日报网》) ，2018 年 7 月 11 日名为 Finding the rightpartner helps to prioritize workouts 的文章。http://www.chinadaily./a/201807/11/WS5b455712a3 ( http: / / www.chinadaily. / a / 201807 / 11 / WS5b455712a3 )103349141e202e.html
语言知识
重难点词 run vt [熟词生义] 发表，刊登；title vt [名词动化] 给……加标题；workout n (体育) 锻炼；read vt [熟词生义] 写
着；post vt(在网站上) 发布(信息或图片)；response n 回 应；session n 一段时间；list vt 列举；weight n [熟词生义] 重物，哑铃
重难点词块 show up [非正式用语] 出现；physically fit 体格健壮； social media 社交媒体；result in 导致；work out 锻炼； belong to 属于；notice board 布告牌；over time 渐渐地，慢慢地；close by (离……) 不远
答案与解析
36. C 本段空白前提到感谢健身搭档的五个理由，其中一个是“如果你知道 有人在健身房等你，你就会去”，由 while another read 可知，空白处的内容 应该是另一个理由，C 选项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”符合题 意。
37. D 上一段和本段开头提到关于如何找到健身搭档，首先要决定你想从那 个人那里得到什么，根据后一句 Or do you just want to be physically fit … 可知 D 选项 Do you want to be a better athlete … 和它是并列关系，符合 题意。
38. B 空白后 … that person must belong to the same gym 讲的是如果你打 算在健身房锻炼，你和健身搭档一定得在同一个健身房，由此可推测出，空 白处的内容应该和距离健身搭档远近有关，B 选项“健身搭档通常需要住 在附近” 符合语境。
39. G 本段开头提到我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下 来又对布告的内容做了具体的介绍。作者以自己搭档发布的布告为例，目的 是介绍发布告的注意事项，故 G 选项“任何健身搭档的通知都应包括这些信息”符合题意。
40. F 空白前作者提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空白后提到随着时 间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，可以推断，F 选项“接受你们的不同， 学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入
空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D.as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
语篇解读
关键词 camping experiences, memories, fun, adventure
主旨概要 作者回忆了两次和家人一起露营的经历，虽然很惊险，但
最后都平安度过危机。因此，一家人很享受一起露营所带来的未知的乐趣和冒险。
原文出处 选自 网站名为 Reflections ofFamily Camping Trips 的文章。http://www./articles-and-info/camp-styles/131 ( http: / / www. / articles-and-info / camp-styles / 131 )3-reflections-of-family-camping-trips
语言知识
重难点词 spot n 地点，场所；campground n [合成词] 野营地，度假 营地；interrupt v 使中断，使暂停；roll v [熟词生义] (雷 或鼓) 隆隆作响；start v [一词多义] 发动，启动；dead adj [熟词生义] (机器或设备) 不运行的，不转动的；camper n[派生词] 野营车
重难点词块 tie sb up 把某人捆绑起来；keep a close eye on 密切注视， 严密监视；end up 最后处于，最终成为；head off 出发， 离开；move in 从四面八方逼近；pick up [熟词生义] (风) 变大，增强；be stuck in 陷入；pull up (使) (车、船等)停下；pull ... out of (把车) 开出……
长难句分析 Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. 句意为：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从 车库中开出来时，我们都兴奋不已，不知道接下来我们将 会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险旅程。本句中，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词every year，what引导宾语从句，作
wondering的宾语，we will experience next为省略了关系代 词that的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词camping fun andadventure。
答案与解析
41. C 根据第二段的 from the early years when ... 和 Once 及第三段的 Another time 可知，作者是在回忆和家人的露营经历，一些回忆(memories ) 很有趣。
42. A 根据第一段的 wonderful camping experiences 和下文的 ... to keep him near to our spot 可知，作者一家是在 Chalk Creek 岸边露营(camped)。
43. D 根据下文的 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.可知，作者担心 (worried) 儿子会掉进小溪里，所以拿绳子绑在他身 上。
44. C 根据下文的 his crying 可知 ，绳子绑在孩子身上让他觉得不舒服 (uncomfortable )。
45. B 根据上文的 That lasted about ten minutes.和下文的I just kept a close eye on him. 可知，绳子绑在孩子身上十分钟左右就取下来了，作者只能紧 盯着他。所以 instead of 符合语境。
46. A 根据下一句 he didn’t end up in the creek 可知，紧盯着孩子起了作用 (worked)，孩子没有掉进小溪里。
47. D 根据下文的 but storms move in fast in the mountains 可知，山里的暴 风雨来得很迅猛，but 在此处表示转折，表明作者一家出发 (headed off) 时天气还很晴朗。 sign up 意为“报名(参加课程)”；calm down 意为“(使) 平静，镇静”；check out 意为“结账离开 (旅馆等)”，均不符合语境。
48. B 根据上文可知，作者一家出发时天气晴朗，而这场突如其来的暴风雨 中断了 (interrupted) 他们平静的清晨之旅。
49. A 根据上一句中的 storms move in fast 和下文的 thunder rolled 可知， 暴风雨来临时风力 (wind) 增强，雷声隆隆。
50. C 根据 下 文 的 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 可知，发动机无法启动了。所以此处是说作者的丈夫停止钓鱼，试 图去启动 (start) 发动机。
51. A 根据 下 一 句 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 可知，他们被困在了湖中央，也就是说很不幸 (Noluck)，作者的丈 夫第二次仍然没能成功启动发动机。因此 luck 符合语境。
52. D 根据上文可知，作者一家被困在了湖中央，因此他们坐在那里，感到 无助 (helplessly)。
53. C 根据上一句中的 a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back 可知，他们的船被一位渔民拖到了岸上，即他们安全了 ( safe )。
54. D 根据下文的 wondering what camping fun ... we will experience next 可 知 ， 他 们 好 奇 接 下 来 的 露 营 会 经 历 什 么 有 趣 的 事 情 ， 因 此 兴 奋 (excitement) 不已。
55. B 根据上文作者的回忆可知，露营非常有趣，但同时也是一场冒险 ( adventure)，会有意想不到的危险发生。
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
原文选自期刊 Global Ecology and Conservation。
https://www./science/article/pii/S2351989419307887 ( https: / / www. / science / article / pii / S2351989419307887 )
考点分析
谓 语 动 词 非 谓 语 动 词 名 词 单 复 数 词 性 转 换 介 词 冠 词 定 语 从 句 并 列 连 词
2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
答案与解析
56. Covering 此处考查非谓语动词。... Yellowstone National Park 在句中作 状语，主语 the GPNP 与动词 cover 为主动关系，因此此处应填动词-ing 形 式 covering。
57. the 此处考查冠词。times 在此表示“倍数”，常用于“A+ be + 倍数 + the size / height / length ... + of + B”结构，表示“A 是 B 的……倍”，故此处应 用定冠词 the。
58. were 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少定语从句中的 谓语动词，先行词是 areas ，又因空后为 previously (以前，先前)，故此处 应用一般过去时的复数形式 were ，表示过去某个时间存在的状态。
59. to increase 此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示 “为了提高”。句意为：该计划将把保护范围扩大到很多以前未受保护的区 域，这样许多现有的大熊猫保护区就被纳入了统一管理，从而能提高效率， 减少管理混乱。
60. is designed 此处考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词， 因主语 the GPNP 与动词 design 之间为动宾关系，且句子陈述的是现在的状态，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
61. and 此处考查并列连词。此处 protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems ，preserving biological diversity ，protecting ecological buffer zones 和 leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations 是四个并列成分，都作 the guiding principle of 中介词 of 的宾语，故用连词 and。
62. populations 此处考查名词复数。本句中 population 表示“某领域的生物， 族群”，是可数名词 ，再根据空后的并列成分 homes 可知 ，此处应填 population 的复数形式。
63. eventually 此处考查词性转换 。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词 achieve ，故应填 eventually ，意为“最后，终于”。
64. as 此处考查介词。serve as 为固定搭配，意为“充当 / 担任……”，故 填介词 as。umbrella species 意为“伞护种”，伞护种指其生存环境可以满足 很多其他物种要求的物种，如果伞护种的生存环境得到保护，其他物种也能 享受到相应的保护。
65. that 此处考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句关系代 词，它在句中作主语，先行词由 all 修饰时，关系词一般用that。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
假定你是校广播站英语节目 “Talk and Talk” 的负责人李华，请给外教 Caroline 写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,Yours sincerely,Li Hua
参考范文
One possible version:
Dear Caroline,
On behalf of the English program “Talk and Talk”, I’m writing to invite you to be our guest.
Since its launch, “Talk and Talk”, a weekly broadcast program, has gained increasing popularity among students. It is intended to cover topics ranging from music, sports to study strategies, life in school, etc. This week we’d like to invite you to join the program and share with us some tips on how to improve oral English. The program is scheduled for 5 pm this Friday.
It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分 25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇
完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration ( 懊 恼). I knew the coach meant well — he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer — that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
One possible version:
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. He hung his head, trying to avoid eye contact with me. It was a tricky moment, calling for a good choice of words. Having thought it over, I mentioned some events which won people’s praise for his determination and perseverance. His face began to lighten. He added that even the judges thumbed up at him.
The whistle went off and the competitors began to take their places. To my joy, David slowly rose to his feet.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. David stood firmly in his position, ignoring anything around. Pushing forward without balance, he was left behind. However, when he came into sight, the spectators burst into thunderous cheers and applause. Inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits. It turned out that he achieved his best record ever. Seeing his confident smiles, I sighed in relief. With the power to conquer himself, he can conquer anything on the way to a promising future. (155 词)
原文出处：Chicken Soup for the Canadian Soul [2012] David’s Run 原文再现：
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different elementary schools in and around the small town of 100-Mile House, British Columbia, were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest. In the five years I had been teaching at Horse Lake Elementary School, I had come to respect the tough pioneer spirit of the local people. Named for its location 100 miles from Lillooet, (mile zero on the old Cariboo Gold Rush Trail), and dotted with active cattle ranches, 100-Mile House sometimes seemed like a place out of time, with its horses, cowboys and cattle drives. At an elevation of 930 metres, 100-Mile House is a community in which spring comes late, snow comes early and winter sports are a local passion.
It was now late May and the ground had only just dried enough from the melting snow to hold the race. I looked around and finally spotted David, standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old, with freckles and unruly red hair. But his usual big toothy grin was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.
The only response he gave me was he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s physical education teacher and asked him what had happened. “I was worried the other kids would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I thought there might be a fight if our kids tried to defend him. I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration. I knew the coach meant well and sincerely thought he was doing the right thing. After being assured David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward, awkwardly walking on his toes.
David’s cerebral palsy prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. Which is why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer, that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children — he did always finish. He had stubbornly run a total of twenty-three kilometres in practice runs to prepare for that day’s two-and-a-half-kilometre (1.5-mile) run, and he had asked me to come and watch. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his dogged determination.
We sat down together on some steps, but David wouldn’t look at me. I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. There are people like that, and that’s just the way it is. The real question is whether you are going to let those few people stop you from doing something you really want to do. Are you going to let them get in your way If you really want to run, David, then you run!”
I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said with a fierce but quiet determination, “I’m gonna run.”
I stood on the sidelines with the excited crowd as David moved up to the starting line. The starter’s gun sounded, and David lurched forward with the other children. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, other voices around me took up the call. “Come on David, you can do it!” I knew without even looking that these voices were not just those of his schoolmates. They came from parents, teachers and kids from other schools, who quickly understood the courage it took David to attempt this run.
David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. This was David’s run. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up! As long as he was in sight, David heard people calling his name.I waited anxiously by the finish line as the first runners completed the two-and-a-half kilometres of forest trails. Soon all of the other runners had come in and another race had begun. Still no David! I started to feel sick. Had I done the wrong thing He hadn’t checked out the trail with the other runners. Could he have become lost Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. With heels kicking out to the side and his body rocking with the rhythm of his run, David plodded toward the home stretch. He raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause.
Then, when David’s coach slapped him on the back and said proudly, “Good job, David!” he caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”
At the end of the year, the track coach asked the class to nominate one of their classmates for the athletic award for their grade. Without hesitation the whole class voted for David, saying that no one had worked harder for that award than he.
It was an amazing moment at our year-end assembly. The auditorium resounded with cheering and applause when David came forward and received his award for outstanding athletic achievement — from his beaming coach.
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