资源简介 丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习英语试卷2013.5听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)1.A. B. C.2.A. B. C.3.A. B. C.4.B. C.二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。5. Where is Linda going now A. To the school. B. To the park. C. To her home.6. What time is it now A. 8:00. B. 8:10. C. 8:30.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。7. When does Benny usually go to movies A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Saturday.8. What kind of movies does the man like A. Cartoons. B. Action movies. C. Comedies.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。9. Why didn’t Jenny go to school A. It was raining hard. B. She hurt her leg. C. Her parents were ill.10. Who might Mr. Smith be A. Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her doctor.请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。11. Where are the two speakers A. B. C.12. What does the man think of his photos A. Just so so. B. Excellent. C. Not too bad.13. What can we infer from the dialogue A. The woman often goes to the exhibitions.B. The man lived in China before he was eleven.C. The woman has never traveled to China before.请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。14. What’s the speaker mainly talking about A. Birthday traditions in different countries.B. How to celebrate birthday around the world.C. How to hold birthday parties around the world.15. _________ girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of 15. A. Japanese B. British C. Mexican16. What can you learn from the talk A. You can become the owner of your house at the age of twenty-one.B. In many countries, you can become a soldier at the age of eighteen.C. Children may be given special cakes at their fifth birthday in Japan.听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。 对话你将听两遍。(共10分,每小题2分)知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空(共13分,每小题1分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。22. — Is this your MP3, Kathy — No. ______ is in the bag.A. My B. Mine C. Your D. Yours23. The Ninth Garden Expo is on May 18th, 2013 ______ Fengtai.A. in B. on C. at D. to24. They were all very tired, but ______ took a rest.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody25. — May I smoke here — No, you ______ . This is a no-smoking room.A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t26. I ______ in the hospital yesterday. I had to look after my sick mother.A. am B. was C. are D. were27. I’d like to go swimming with you, ______ I am too busy today.A. but B. and C. so D. or28. Roast duck is one of _______ dishes in Beijing.A. delicious B. more delicious C. most delicious D. the most delicious29. — ______ did you visit the Great Wall — Last Sunday.A. Where B. What C. When D. How30. After he finished ______ the exciting story, he talked about it on and on with his friends.A. reads B. read C. reading D. to read31. Mr. White is my English teacher. He ______ in this school for about 5 years.A. has worked B. will work C. is working D. works32. We______ to see the movie Life of Pi as soon as school is over.A. go B. went C. will go D. was going33. This famous tower has a long history. It ______ more than 300 years ago.A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built34. — Do you know ______ — Next Monday.A. when will he come back B. when he will come backC. when did he come back D. when he came back五、完形填空(共12分,每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Each day I took the same route to work and passed by a security guard (保安). 35 greeted everyone walking by and made small talk with many of the passers-by and wishing them well. His simple “hello” made people feel 36 . His cheerful smile became a part of my day. When he was absent, many people noticed it, and I felt a little bit empty.The first few times, I didn’t say hello back to him when he greeted me. I was 37 in my own world. On Monday the security guard asked me:“How was your weekend ” I told him about my visit to California, to see my mother, who had colon cancer. I 38 how I visited her each month. “The time with my mother is so precious(珍贵的), 39 I know that each time may be the last.”He listened like a close friend I’d known for years. He felt my 40 and my love. He shared how he had lost his father to cancer two years before. He said, “I understand what you are going through. My father passed away while I was serving in Germany. Because of some reasons I was unable to fly back in time. I was unable to say goodbye to him. I wish I could have been with him, given him a hug, and told him I loved him. You are really lucky to have the gift of 41 .”As I walked away, I realized I did not even know his name. The following day, on my way to work, I said: “After we spent all that time 42 yesterday, I still don’t know your name.” He answered, “Gary.” I responded back, “I’m Deborah.”After that, we talked and shared stories about our weekends, dreams and families.Later, Gary got 43 a new job and moved away. It’s been several years since I last spoke to him, yet the memory feels like yesterday. Gary reached out to me, 44 me and made my morning the best part of the day. I experienced the beauty of friendship and love.In the business of life, we often forget to wish a stranger hello although how easy it is, and how great and lasting a 45 it can make. When you say hello to a stranger you become like a pebble(鹅卵石) thrown into a pond. With each ripple (波纹)you create, you spread love that continues to 46 . Make a point of saying hello to a stranger today. You will give the gift that keeps on giving.35. A. She B. They C. He D. I36. A. nervous B. funny C. special D. surprised37. A. lost B. left C. missed D. dropped38. A. wondered B. shared C. realized D. found39. A. because B. so C. and D. but40. A. weakness B. illness C. sorriness D. sadness41. A. god B. time C. nature D. friendship42. A. thinking B. calling C. crying D. talking43. A. offered B. afforded C. invited D. chosen44. A. moved B. touched C. told D. helped45. A. progress B. sense C. trouble D. difference46. A. receive B. send C. give D. create阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)A47. The parents and children can select reading materials in _________.A. East Hills B. Summer Reading ClubC. Green Island D. Readers’ Service CenterStudents can take part in _______ activities in Summer Reading Club.A. drawing B. singing C. swimming D. dancing49. Story time activities are held on ________.A. Friday 10:00 a.m. B. Tuesday 10:00 a.m.C. Monday 10:30 a.m. D. Wednesday 10:30 a.m.BA little girl walked to and from school every day. Though it was not fine and clouds appeared in the sky that morning, the little girl made her daily trip to school as usual. When school was over, winds became stronger and it began to rain.The mother of the little girl felt worried that her daughter would be afraid and that lightning might frighten(惊吓) her child. Following the bright light of lightning, the mother quickly got into her car and drove to her child’s school.As the mother drove along the road, she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain. To her great surprise, she found that when a lightning came, her daughter stopped, looked up and smiled. Another lightning came and then another followed. With each lightning, the little girl stopped, looked up and smiled.Inside the car, the mother asked her daughter, “What were you doing Why did you look up and smile when the lightning came ” The little girl answered with a smile, “Mum, you know, God was looking at me. Each time I felt a little afraid walking in the rain, God would take a picture of me. I knew he was playing a game with me.”50. The little girl went to school __________ every day.A. by car B. on foot C. by bus D. by bike51. At first, the mother felt worried because .A. she couldn’t look after her daughterB. her daughter hadn’t taken her umbrellaC. she had something more important to doD. her daughter might be afraid of lightning52. According to the article, we can know that the little girl was .A. proud B. shy C. brave D. nervousCStay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks(前震) and a larger earthquake might occur. Reduce your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place.If you are indoors, do “duck, cover and hold”. Duck or drop down to the floor, under something strong, such as a table or a desk, cover your head and face with your arms and hands and hold on to that table or desk so that it does not move away from you as the ground shakes. Do this until the shaking stops and it is safe to move. Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.Stay clear of windows, fireplaces, and heavy furniture that may fall over. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.If you are outside, get into the open and stay there. Move away from trees, buildings, signs and power lines. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties(伤亡) result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.If you are driving, you may not realize what is going on at first because the car may feel like it is going to blow up. Stop the car in as clear and open an area as possible and stay in it until the shaking stops. If it is a really bad quake, turn on the radio to find an emergency channel to get information. Follow the directions of people directing traffic.If you are in a mountainous area, watch out for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.53. Which of the following pictures means “duck, cover and hold” A B C D54. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text A. Ground movement during an earthquake is the main reason of death.B. You should keep your windows, fireplaces and heavy furniture clear.C. Stop your car in the clear area and get out of it if an earthquake happens.D. Run away from the beach as quickly as possible if an earthquake happens.55. The passage is mainly about ___________during the earthquake.A. ways of keeping you safe B. the importance of keeping safeC. ways of finding safe places D. researches on how to keep safeDTony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual ”Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.But how do you expand this 1 percent How do you become the best student you can be According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs A. To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study.B. To invite us to think about the importance of manuals.C. To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain.D. To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning.What does the word “stimulate” mean in the passage A. Excite. B. Improve. C. Encourage. D. Affect.58. What can we infer from the passage A. If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student.B. The mind map will help your brain connect separate details.C. The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it.D. We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas.59. What is the best title for the passage How to make the mind map B. Is the mind map widely used C. Can your memory be mapped D. Is the mind map helpful in thinking 七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分)Earth Hour started in Sydney on March 31st, 2007. It calls on families and buildings to turn off the lights from 20:30 to 21:30 on the last Saturday night of March. In 2007 more than 2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their lights. 60 And it was supported by 50 million people from thirty-five countries. On March 28, 2010 over 2100 cities in another eight countries took part in it. 61In 2012 in China, there were many cities taking part in this activity, especially some largecities, such as Beijing, Shanghai.... In those cities, many people turned off lights in the hour. 62 In colleges some students held some activities to make all the students leave their dormitories.It was 20:30, Beijing time. In Beijing some people were taking a walk with theirfamilies or friends. 63 And in Ningbo some young people were holding a party in a park,singing and dancing. The people from the three cities felt very relaxed.Earth Hour has a variety of activities, but the final goal is the same. That is focusing on (聚焦) climate change and protecting the environment for individuals.A. Many people would feel bored without lights.B. Earth Hour came to China on that day, too.C. And without lights, they could also enjoy themselves.D. In Shanghai some people were having a nice talk with their friends.E. A year later, on March 29, 2008 Earth Hour became a global activity.阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)The iPhone 4S is a touchscreen-based smartphone developed by Apple Inc. It is the fifth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4, and was announced on October 4, 2011. Siri on iPhone 4S is like a person assistant. It lets you use your voice to do things on the iPhone. You can just talk to Siri as you talk to a person. Siri understands what you say, knows what you mean, and even talks back.Say something like “Tell my wife I’m running late.” “Remind me to call the doctor.”“Any fast food restaurants around here ” Siri does what you say, finds the information you need, then answers you. It’s like you’re having a conversation with your assistant.Siri not only understands what you say, but it’s also smart enough to know what you mean. So when you ask, “Any fast food restaurants around here ” Siri will reply, “I found a number of restaurants near you.” Then you can say, “Hmm. How about French fries ” Siri remembers that you just asked about restaurants for something to eat, so it will look for KFC restaurants in the neighborhood. And Siri is active, so it will question you until it finds what you’re looking for.When you want to do something, just ask Siri to help you do it. Siri uses almost all the built-in apps on iPhone 4S. It writes texts and sends email messages. It searches the web for anything you need to know. It plays the songs you want to hear. It gives you directions and shows you around. It makes calls, plans meetings, helps you remember and wakes you up. In fact, ask Siri what it can do — it even speaks for itself.Siri is easy to use and does so much. You’ll keep finding more and more ways to use it.When was iPhone 4S announced What is Siri on iPhone 4S like 66. How can you use Siri to do things on the iPhone 67. Why will Siri look for KFC restaurants in the neighborhood 68. What does the writer want to tell us according to the passage 书面表达(25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)根据中文意思完成句子。69. 你感冒了,最好休息一下。You’ve got a cold. ___________ have a rest.70. 做出这样的决定对你有好处。______________________ you to make such a decision.71. 伦敦奥运会和北京奥运会一样受欢迎。London 2012 Olympic Games were ___________________ Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.72. 昨天老师进教室的时候,我们正在准备班会。We _______________ the class meeting when the teacher came into the classroom yesterday.73. 迈克总是把他的朋友们当作家人, 并且他很乐于尽力帮助他们解决困难。Mike always ___________________________________________ when they are in trouble.十、文段表达(15分)根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给的英文提示词仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。74. 生活中我们每天都在与人交往,也许你曾经遇到过这样的困境:你想在聚会上穿的衣服脏了让妈妈帮你洗,然而妈妈因为工作太忙没有时间洗;与同学共同完成墙报(a wallnewspaper)时,你有一个自认为很好的想法没有被采纳;你最近学习很忙,但是向你请教问题的同学很执着;…… 你是怎样做的?现在,请你就与人交往(communicating with others)的话题向《21世纪英语报》投稿。 描述一次你解决与他人交往困境的经历,并谈谈你的感受。提示词语:experience; get on well; help; talk; by oneself; understand; respect; share; enjoy______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习试卷答案及评分参考初三英语2013年5月听力理解(共26分)听对话选图。(共4小题,每小题1分)1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A二、听对话或独白选择答案。(共12小题,每小题1分)5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13.C 14. A 15. C 16. B三、听对话记录关键信息。(共5小题,每小题2分)17. the U.S.A. 18. 40 19. house 20. speaking 21. free知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空(共13小题,每小题1分)22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B五、完形填空(共12小题,每小题1分)35.C 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B45. D 46. C阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读短文选择最佳选项。(共13小题,每小题2分)47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. A56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共4小题,每小题2分)60. E 61. B 62. C 63. D八、阅读短文回答问题。(共5小题,每小题2分)(大小写、单词拼写、标点及人称错误每四个扣一分)64. On October 4, 2011.65. A person assistant.66. By using your voice. / By talking to Siri.67. Because Siri remembers that you just asked about restaurants for something to eat.68. The advantages of Siri and how to use it.书面表达(共25分)九、完成句子(共10小题,每小题2分)(大小写和单词拼写错误每四个扣一分)You’d betterIt’s good for71. as popular as72. were getting ready for73. regards his friends as his family members and he is glad to / is happy to/ is ready to / is willing to / try his best/ go all out/ to help them out十、文段表达(15分)One possible version:In our life, we communicate with others every day. It’s important to get on well with each other. However, it’s not an easy thing.Once, two of my classmates and I were working on a wallnewspaper. I thought I had a great idea but they didn’t use it. I was sad and decided never to talk to them. But after giving it a second thought, I talked to them, telling them about my feelings and how I wished they could use my idea. They apologized to me sincerely and explained to me the reason. We got to understand each other and came up with a better idea which made the wall newspaper eye-catching.From the experience, I know how important it is to have aheart-to-heart talk, especially when having problems. If we try to understand each other more, we will enjoy a better relationship and more happiness.书面表达评分标准第一档(13-15) 第二档(9-12) 第三档(5-8) 第四档(0-4)内容要点 要点齐全观点正确 要点齐全观点正确 要点不齐全,部分内容符合题意 与题目相关内容不多句式词汇 句式多样 词汇丰富 句式词汇基本满足要求 句式词汇单调平乏 简单拼凑句式词汇语言表达的准确性 个别错误为丰富语言产生 少量错误不影响理解 错误较多影响理解 内容难以理解语篇的连贯性(逻辑) 具有逻辑性丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习听力录音2013年5月请同学们打开英语试卷第一页,并在“机读答题卡”上做好答题准备。一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。Pause 00’02” 打点Number 1W: Can I help you, sir M: Yes. I want to buy a T-shirt for my son.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05” 打点Number 2M: What would you like to have, Emily W: Hamburgers, please.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05” 打点Number 3W: Where is my pen, Dad M: Look, it’s over there.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05” 打点Number 4M: Does Susan like skating W: Yes, she does. She is going to skate tomorrow.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’02” 打点二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。Pause 00’05” 打点M: Hi, Linda. Where are you going W: I’m going to the school.M: Today is Saturday. Do you have any classes W: No, but we are going to plant trees in the school. By the way, what time is it now M: It’s ten past eight. Why are you in such a hurry W: We’ll meet in ten minutes. I must go now. Bye –bye! M: Bye –bye!Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05”请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。Pause 00’05” 打点M: So, Benny, you like movies, right W: Oh, yes. I love going to the movies.M: When do you usually go to movies W: On Saturday. It’s enjoyable to see a movie on weekend. M: I seldom go to the movies. What kind of movies do you like W: Comedies mainly. When I’m bored, I like to laugh. I also like cartoons. Some cartoons are very funny. How about you M: I like action movies. I often feel excited after seeing them.W: Oh, Really I’m afraid I don’t like them. They put me to sleep.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05”请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。Pause 00’05” 打点M: Hello! May I speak to Jenny, please W: Hi, Mr Smith! This is Jenny speaking.M: You didn’t come to school today. What’s wrong W: Oh, I hurt my leg when I was riding home yesterday and I can’t walk now.M: I’m sorry to hear that. How did it happen W: It was raining hard then, but I didn’t take my raincoat. I tried to ride home quickly. When I turned left at a corner, I fell down and hurt my leg.M: Did you see a doctor W: Yes. My father took me to a hospital, and luckily it wasn’t serious. The doctor says that I’ll be OK in a month. M: Have a good rest and you’ll be well soon.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’05”请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。Pause 00’10” 打点W: Congratulations, it’s a great exhibition.M: Thank you! I’m glad you enjoy it.W: The pictures are so beautiful. Where did you take them M: In China.W: China What a beautiful country! I’ve heard a lot about it. I think I willtravel there someday. Do you often travel in China M: Yes. Although I moved to the USA with my parents when I was ten years old, I love China very much. I often go back to China and I have been to many places.W: Really, how many cities have you been M: About twenty or more. I like traveling to different cities in China to take beautiful pictures. And every time when I see my pictures in the magazines or the exhibition, I feel so happy and proud.W: Sounds great. Which city is your favorite city M: Beijing is my favorite city. there are so many interesting things to do and to see. I usually visit there to take beautiful pictures in different time of the year.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’10”请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。Pause 00’10” 打点Good morning, boys and girls! I’m Lucy. Today I am going to talk about something about birthday parties. I hope you will enjoy it. The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some traditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the Happy Birthday song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries. In China, on a child’s first birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells what job the child will choose later in life. For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At these ages, there is a special celebration when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono. The priest gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home. In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony, the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys. In many countries, eighteen is the traditional “coming of age”, the age when you have the right to vote, join the army or buy a house.In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’10”听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。对话你将听两遍。Pause 00’10” 打点M: Hi, Jane. Nice to see you again. I heard that you went to the U.S.A. during the vacation.W: Yes, I went there to attend a summer course in English.M: Wow. You were lucky. Can you tell me something about your course W: Sure.M: How long did you stay there W: About 40 days. I went there on July 15th and came back on August 25th.M: Where did you live W: Oh, I lived in Mr. Smith’s house. And living with an American family, I could speak English with them every day. M: How nice! And how about the course W: The course was also very good. The teachers were nice. They taught us to listen, speak, read and write in English, but mostly listening and speaking. One interesting thing I found was that the American classes are very free. You can sit anywhere you like in the classroom. You can ask the teacher questions at any time during the class. And you are welcome to share your ideas with others. I really like it.M: How interesting! Maybe our teacher should try that.Pause 00’02”RepeatPause 00’10”听力练习到此结束,请同学们继续做其它部分试题。Jane’s Summer CourseWhere she went: ____17____How long she stayed: about _____18_____ daysWhere she lived: in Mr. Smith’s ____19____What she learned: mostly listening and ____20____Why she liked it: The teachers are nice and the classes are very ____21____.Happy City Public LibraryService for young peopleReaders’ Service CenterFrom Monday to Friday 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.. The services staff help children and parents select reading materials and find information for school projects.Summer Reading ClubThe Summer Reading Club aims to encourage reading during the school holiday. It holds some activities for students, such as drawing, cartooning and making masks. Bookings are necessary.Preschool Story TimeGives young children and their parents a chance to share stories, poems and a simple craft activity. Each class lasts about thirty minutes.Story time is held during school term at:East Hills — Monday 10:30 a.m. and Wednesday 10:00 a.m.Green Island — Tuesday 10:30 a.m. and Friday 11:30 a.m.北京市丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习化学试卷 2013.5考生须知 1.本试卷共10页,共四道大题,35个小题,满分80分。考试时间100分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和考试号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.本答题卡中的选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,将本试卷、答题卡一并交回。6.本试卷化学方程式中的“=”和“→”含义相同。可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24S-32 Cl-35.5 Ca-40 Zn-65一、选择题(每小题1分,共25分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.地壳中含量最多的元素是A.铝 B.铁 C.硅 D.氧2.空气中体积分数为21%的气体是A.O2 B.N2 C.CO2 D.稀有气体3.与元素化学性质关系最密切的是原子的A.质子数 B.核电荷数 C.最外层电子数 D.核外电子数4.下列物质属于纯净物的是A.蒸馏水 B.空气 C.汽水 D.石油5.下列活动中,通过化学反应提供能量的是A.发射航天飞机 B.水车汲水灌溉 C.太阳能供热 D.风力发电6.下列不是氢氧化钠俗称的是A.火碱 B.烧碱 C.苛性钠 D.纯碱7.下列做法中,不正确的是A.用燃烧法识别羊毛和合成纤维B.用甲醛溶液浸泡海产品进行保鲜C.保护金属资源的有效途径之一是将废旧金属回收D.解决水污染的有效途径之一是农业上合理施用化肥和农药8.将等体积的滴有红墨水的水和酒精分别缓缓注入右图所示的装置中,盖紧胶塞将两种液体混合,实验现象如图所示。该实验能得到的结论是A.分子变小了 B.分子间有间隔C.不同分子间一定发生化学反应 D.酒精不能溶于水9.以下是人体几种体液的pH,其中呈酸性的是A.胰液7.5—8.0 B.血浆7.35—7.45C.胃液0.9—1.5 D.胆汁7.1—7.310.当森林或草场发生火灾时,救火的措施之一是:将火场周围的树木或草类铲除,形成一道“防火墙”,其灭火原理是A.使可燃物与火源隔离 B.使可燃物与空气隔绝C.使温度降到着火点以下 D.使树木、草类变为不可燃物质11.下列实验操作中,不正确的是A.给液体加热 B.倾倒液体 C.检查气密性 D.稀释浓硫酸12.科学家尝试用亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)消除加速人体衰老的活性氧。亚硒酸钠中Se元素的化合价为A. -2 ??? B.+2 ????C.+4 D.+613.右图是元素周期表中铬元素的信息,下列说法中正确的是A.铬元素原子的质子数为52 B.铬元素的原子序数为24C.铬元素在地壳中的含量为52.00% D.铬元素属于非金属元素14.下列物质的保存方法,主要由化学性质决定的是A.干冰低温下保存 B.浓盐酸密封保存C.浓硫酸密封保存 D.铁制品放在干燥的环境中保存15.下列关于物质用途的描述中,不正确的是A.食盐可用作调味品 B.氧气可用作保护气C.二氧化碳可用于灭火 D.硫酸钾可以做钾肥16.对下列实验现象的描述中,与实验事实不相符的是A.硝酸铵在水中溶解时溶液温度降低 B.盐酸与铁锈反应后溶液呈浅绿色C.二氧化碳通入澄清石灰水中溶液变浑浊 D.硫磺在氧气中燃烧发出蓝紫色火焰17.医疗上,用小苏打治疗胃酸过多的原理是:NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + CO2↑+ H2O。该反应的基本反应类型为:A.化合反应 B.分解反应 C.置换反应 D.复分解反应18.某纯净物R常温下即可分解,生成NH3、H2O和CO2。根据这一事实,下列的推理中,不正确的是A.R中一定含有氮元素 B.R一定为化合物C.R中一定含有水 D.R的化学性质不稳定19.山梨酸(C6H8O2)是一种安全的食品防腐剂。下列关于山梨酸的说法中,正确的是A.山梨酸由碳和水组成B.山梨酸的相对分子质量为112gC.山梨酸中含有16个原子D.山梨酸中碳、氢、氧的质量比为9﹕1﹕420.右图是电解水的示意图。关于电解水的下列说法中,不正确的是A.此实验得出结论,水是由氢、氧两种元素组成B.理论上若得到8 mL的氧气,可同时得到16 mL氢气C.理论上若得到4 g氢气,可同时得到32 g氧气D.与电源负极连接的试管内产生的气体能使带火星的木条复燃21.某同学为探究Zn、Fe、Cu三种金属的活动性顺序,设计了三组实验:①将大小相同的Zn、Fe、Cu三种金属片分别插入体积和浓度均相同的稀硫酸中 ②将Zn片插入硫酸铜溶液中,Cu片插入硫酸亚铁溶液中 ③将Zn片插入硫酸亚铁溶液中,将Fe片插入硫酸铜溶液中。其中可以达到目的的是A.①③ B.只有③ C.①② D.②③22.下列四种情况,所得溶液质量为2 g的是①1 g镁与1 g盐酸反应 ②室温下,1 g饱和食盐水与1 g水混合③室温下,1 g饱和食盐水与1 g食盐混合 ④1 g氢氧化钠溶液与1 g稀硫酸反应A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.①③④23.下列四组物质中符合右图(“—”表示两端物质能反应)所示关系的是甲 乙 丙 丁A CO O2 H2SO4 CuOB Mg HCl CaCO3 NaOHC Ca(OH)2 SO2 NaOH HClD Na2CO3 Ca(OH)2 HCl CaCl224.下面除去混合物中少量杂质(括号内为杂质)的方案中,不合理的是混合物 思路方法 选用物质A.CO (CO2) 吸收 过量的氢氧化钠溶液B.CaCl2 (HCl) 转化、过滤 过量的碳酸钙C.FeSO4(CuSO4) 置换、过滤 过量的铁粉D.NaOH( Na2CO3) 沉淀、过滤 过量的澄清石灰水25.两份完全相同的稀盐酸分别与等质量的锌粉和镁粉反应,下列情况无法用所给图像表示的是A.x轴表示加入金属质量B.x轴表示加入稀盐酸的质量C.x轴表示反应时间,Zn与稀盐酸恰好完全反应D.x轴表示反应时间,Mg和Zn都有剩余二、填空题(共5个小题,共30分)26.(5分)家庭厨房就是一个化学小世界,“锅碗瓢盆”和“柴米油盐酱醋茶”中包含着许多化学知识。(1)下列厨房用品所使用的主要材料,属于金属材料的是 (填写字母序号,下同);属于有机合成材料的是 。A.紫砂锅 B.陶瓷碗 C.不锈钢水瓢 D.塑料盆(2)家用天然气的主要成分是甲烷,甲烷燃烧的化学方程式为 ____________ 。(3)食用米饭和面食,主要为人体补充的营养素是___________。(4)洗涤剂可清洗餐具上的油污,这是因为洗涤剂具有_____功能。27.(5分)建立宏观、微观和符号之间的联系是化学学科的特点。(1)构成氯化钠的基本微粒是 (填“分子”、“原子”或“离子”)。(2)用符号表示下列微粒。2个氧原子 ;3个水分子 。(3)A、B、C、D表示4种物质,其微观示意图见下表。A和B在一定条件下反应可生成C和D。下列说法正确的是 (填数字序号)。①4种物质均由分子构成②该反应属于置换反应③反应中C、D两种物质的质量比为11:7④4种物质中属于氧化物的是A、B⑤若有28gA完全反应,则有14g D生成温度/℃ 20 30 50 60 80溶解度/g K2CO3 110 114 121 126 139KNO3 31.6 45.8 85.5 110 16928.(6分)溶液的应用非常广泛。K2CO3和KNO3在不同温度时的溶解度及其溶解度曲线如下:(1)硝酸钾溶液中的溶剂是_______________。(2)图中能表示KNO3溶解度曲线的是__________(填“甲”或“乙”)。(3)溶解度曲线上M点的含义是___________。(4)现有200g溶质质量分数为10%的碳酸钾溶液,若使溶液的溶质质量分数增加一倍,应该蒸发掉 g水。(5)40℃时,向两个分别盛有相同质量的硝酸钾和碳酸钾的烧杯中,各加入100g水,充分溶解后,恢复至40℃,其结果如右图所示。下列有关说法中,正确的是_________(填字母序号)。A.烧杯②中溶液一定是不饱和溶液B.若使烧杯①中固体全部溶解,溶液中溶质质量分数一定增大C.将烧杯②中溶液降温至20℃时,溶液中溶质质量分数可能增大D.若将烧杯①中的溶液变为不饱和溶液,溶液中溶质质量分数可能增大29.(7分)人类的生产生活离不开金属。(1)金属铁、铝常用来制作炊具,主要是利用其 性。(2)人类每年从自然界提取大量的金属,其中提取量最大的是铁。赤铁矿(主要成分为Fe2O3)和一氧化碳炼铁的化学方程式为 。(3)我国钢铁年产量很高,但因锈蚀造成的损失也很惊人。工业上常用稀盐酸除去铁锈,该反应的化学方程式为 。(4)从含有CuSO4、ZnSO4、FeSO4的废水中回收重要原料硫酸锌和有关金属,实验过程如下。请回答:写出步骤①中发生反应的化学方程式 ;固体D的化学式为 ;以上物质A~G中,含有锌元素的是___________________________(填字母序号)30.(7分)A、B、C为初中常见物质,它们之间的转化关系如右图(反应条件、部分反应物和生成物已略去)。请针对以下四种情况回答问题。⑴若A、B、C均为氧化物,除氧元素外另一种元素均不相同,且三种物质常温下状态均不相同。A、B、C的化学式分别为 。⑵若A、B、C均为含有相同金属元素的化合物。向这三种物质得溶液中分别滴加稀盐酸,现象如下。A的化学式为 ,B→C反应的化学方程式为 。A中现象 B中现象 C中现象滴加稀盐酸 无明显变化 有气泡出现 无明显变化⑶若A、B、C三种物质的组成中均有两种相同元素,且两种相同元素的原子个数比均为1:1。A的化学式为 ,B→C反应的化学方程式为 。⑷若A、B、C三种物质的组成中含有一种相同元素,且组成元素分别为一种、两种和三种。A、B、C的化学式分别为 (至少写出两组)。三、实验题(共3个小题,共19分)31.(6分)请根据下图回答问题。A B C D E实验仪器a的名称是 。实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气的化学方程式为 。实验室制备氧气并用排水法收集的操作,下列叙述正确的是 (填数字序号)。①先检查装置的气密性,再加入药品进行制取②先均匀加热,再对着药品部位集中加热③先等导管口排出的气泡均匀后,再将导管伸入盛水的集气瓶中进行收集④先熄灭酒精灯,再将导管从水槽中取出⑶实验室用大理石和稀盐酸制取二氧化碳化学方程式为__________________________,所选用的发生和收集装置分别为 (填字母序号),证明二氧化碳已经收集满的方法是 。32.(4分)下面是某兴趣小组同学做的3个小实验。根据实验内容回答下列问题(仪器的固定装置已经省略)。(1)若甲中为二氧化锰,连接甲乙装置,______________(填开关“K1”和“K2”的操作),从分液漏斗向甲中加入适量双氧水,该实验可以证明可燃物燃烧需要与氧气接触。甲中发生反应的化学方程式为____________________。(2)若甲中为水,丙中为红色溶液,连接甲丙,打开K1,关闭K2,从分液漏斗向甲中加入某药品后,丙中只看到溶液由红色变为无色。写出丙中发生反应的化学方程式______。(3)若甲中为二氧化碳(K1、K2关闭),连接甲丁,从分液漏斗向甲中加入适量的澄清石灰水,一段时间后,打开K1,整个实验过程中甲中观察到现象是______________________。33.(9分)某学习小组对在实验中吸收过二氧化碳气体的碱石灰成分进行了研究。【查阅资料】① 碱石灰是CaO与NaOH 的固体混合物,通常用于吸收二氧化碳及干燥气体。② 碱性的Na2CO3溶液可以与中性的CaCl2溶液发生复分解反应。【提出猜想】该碱石灰的主要成分可能含有 、Ca(OH)2、CaCO3、NaOH和 。【设计方案、收集证据】(1)甲同学在烧杯中放入少量的碱石灰样品,加入足量蒸馏水充分搅拌,静置有白色沉淀,甲同学认为样品中一定含有CaCO3,乙同学认为他的结论不准确,原因是:(填化学方程式)。(2)乙同学进一步设计实验并进行验证,过程如下:实验操作 实验现象 实验结论①从甲同学的烧杯中取少量上层清液于试管中,向其中滴加足量 溶液。 有白色沉淀生成 生成白色沉淀的化学方程式为: 。②过滤,向滤液中滴加无色酚酞试液。 无明显现象 通过实验及分析,样品中不含有: 。【解释与评价】(1)乙同学进一步设计了下列实验装置,通过称量B装置的质量变化来确定样品的成分及质量(气密性良好,每步均完全反应,操作无误)。多次实验发现测定结果有时偏大有时偏小偏差,试分析其主要原因: 。(2)在老师的指导下乙同学完善了实验装置,并重新进行了实验,步骤如下:①检查装置气密性,将5.06g干燥的样品放入锥形瓶中;②打开活塞b,从导管a处缓缓鼓入一定量的空气,关闭活塞b;③称量盛有氢氧化钠浓溶液的D瓶质量;④向锥形瓶中逐滴加入稀硫酸至不再产生气泡;⑤打开活塞b,从导管a处缓缓鼓入一定量的空气;⑥称量D瓶质量,增重2.2g。通过分析及计算可知:5.06g样品中各成分及质量 。四、计算题(共2个小题,共6分。最后结果保留一位小数。)34.(3分)燃烧含硫的煤或燃放鞭炮都会产生污染空气的二氧化硫气体。完全燃烧4 g硫,计算生成二氧化硫的质量。35.(3分)过氧化氢溶液在存放过程中会自然分解,使溶质质量分数减小。某同学使用一瓶原标注为30%的过氧化氢溶液完成制取氧气的实验。通过称量,该瓶中共有116.8 g溶液,取出13.6 g在一定条件下进行实验,发现生成气体的质量与反应时间的关系如右图所示。试计算⑴现在这瓶过氧化氢溶液的溶质质量分数。⑵该瓶溶液中,已经分解的过氧化氢质量。丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习化学试卷答案一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意。共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15答案 D A C A A D B B C A D C B D B题号 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25答案 B D C D D A C C D B二、填空题(共5个小题,共30分)26.(5分)(1)C , D(2)CH4 + 2O2 点燃 CO2 + 2H2O(3)糖类 (4)乳化27.(5分)(1)离子 (2)2O ; 3H2O(3)①⑤(答对2分,漏选1分,多选、错选均为0分)。28.(5分)(1)水 (2)甲(3)t1°C时,碳酸钾和硝酸钾的溶解度相等。(4)100 (5)D29.(7分)(1)导热性 (2)3CO+Fe2O3 ==== 2Fe+3CO2(3)6HCl + Fe2O3 = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O(4)Zn+FeSO4 = Fe+ZnSO4 Zn+CuSO4 = ZnSO4+Cu(2分,各1分);Fe ;ABCEG。30.(7分)⑴ Fe2O3 CO2 H2O (CuO CO2 H2O;CaO H2O CO;Fe3O4 CO2 H2O;CO2 H2O Fe2O3)⑵ NaOH Na2CO3+2 HCl 2NaCl + H2O +CO2↑(NaOH Na2CO3 + CaCl2 = CaCO3↓ + 2NaCl;NaOH Na2CO3+ H2SO4 = Na2SO4+ H2O +CO2↑)⑶ Ca(OH)2 2NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2↓ + Na2SO4⑷ C CO2 Na2CO3 ;O2 H2O Ca(OH)2(Fe Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 ;H2 H2O NaOH)(其他答案合理均给分)三、实验题(共3个小题,共19分。)31.(6分)(1)试管(2)2KMnO4 △ K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑ ①②③(3) CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑ B D将燃着的木条放在集气瓶口,木条熄灭,则二氧化碳已满32、(4分)(1)关闭K1,打开K2;2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑(2)2NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2H2O(3)澄清石灰水变浑浊,打开K1后,丁中液体倒吸入甲,产生无色气泡,浑浊减少(消失),甲中液体流入丁。33.(9分)【提出猜想】CaO Na2CO3【设计方案、收集证据】(1)Na2CO3+ Ca(OH)2 CaCO3↓ + 2NaOH(2)乙同学进一步设计实验并进行验证,过程如下:实验操作 实验现象 实验结论①从甲同学的烧杯中取少量上层清液于试管中,向其中滴加足量CaCl2溶液。 有白色沉淀生成 Na2CO3+ CaCl2 CaCO3↓ + 2NaCl,不含有:Ca(OH)2、NaOH和 CaO 。②过滤,向滤液中滴加无色酚酞试液。 无明显现象【解释与评价】(1)锥形瓶中残留的CO2未被吸收会导致结果偏小,而挥发出来的盐酸及空气中二氧化碳和水蒸气被吸收则会导致结果偏大;每次实验两种因素综合作用,残留的CO2质量大于挥发出来的盐酸及空气中二氧化碳水蒸气质量导致结果偏小,反之则导致偏大。(答出导致数据误差的2个因素,并进行比较,得2分;仅答出导致数据误差的2个因素或1个因素,没有进行比较,得1分)(2)CaCO3:4克 Na2CO3:1.06g。四、计算题(共2个小题,共6分)34.(3分)设:生成二氧化硫的质量为xS + O2 SO232 644 g xx=8g ……………………………(1分)答:生成二氧化硫的质量为8g。35.(3分)解:⑴设13.6 g过氧化氢溶液中溶质的质量为x。2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑68 32x 1.6 gx=3.4g该溶液中溶质的质量分数= ……………………(1分)⑵设已分解的过氧化氢的质量为y ,产生氧气的质量为z。2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑68 32y zz =[y+116.8g×25%]/(116.8+)=30%y+29.2=35.04+9.6/68 y58.4/68y=5.84y=6.8g答略24 Cr铬52.00ABCa高温MnO2……………………………(1分)……………………………(1分)MnO2MnO2……………………(1分)……………………(1分)丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习语 文 试 卷 2013.5考生须知 1.本试卷共8页,共六道大题,23道小题。满分120分。考试时间150分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上认真填写学校名称、姓名和考号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束请将答题卡交回。一、选择。下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意,选出答案后在答题卡上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。(共12分。每小题2分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一项是A.畸形(jī) 脊梁(jǐ) 既往不咎(jiū)B.怪癖(pǐ) 剔除(tī) 鲜为人知(xiǎn)C.瞥见(piē) 星宿(sù) 锐不可当(dānɡ)D.字帖(tiè) 模样(mó) 妄自菲薄(fěi)2.根据语境和所给字义,在下列句子横线处选填汉字,有误的一项是A.此次暑期西北之行,最过瘾的要数在广袤的大草原上骑马奔_____(驰、弛)了。“驰”有“跑得很快”的意思,“弛”有“放松”的意思,横线处应填“驰”。B.进行科学研究,必须勤于考______(察、查)和思索,才能有所成就。“察”有“细致深刻地观察”的意思,“查”有“检查”的意思,横线处应填“察”。C.为确保工作的顺利开展,各部门应主动加强沟通协调,不得各行其____(事、是)。“事”有“事情”的意思,“是”有“认为正确”的意思,横线处应填“是”。D.我们要从失败中吸取教训,及时有效地调整策略,以免重蹈_______(复、覆)辙。“复”有“又,重复”的意思,“覆”有“翻倒”的意思,横线处应填“复”。3.结合语境,在下列句子中的横线处填写词语确的一项是①张老师是位中学教师,如今已是桃李满天下。在他70大寿时,很多在不同岗位上做出杰出贡献的学生来看望他,他看着学生们,不禁感叹道:“你们真是______________啊!”②体重二百斤的董磊查出脂肪肝,在医生建议下,他开始每天晨跑一小时的运动治疗法。三个月后检查发现体重减了十多斤,病情未见好转,董磊不禁对运动治疗法产生了怀疑。医生提醒他:“治疗刚开始三个月,别忘记__________的道理,坚持一年后定会有疗效。”A.①句填“略胜一筹” ②句填“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”B.①句填“略胜一筹” ②句填“滴水穿石”C.①句填“青出于蓝而胜于蓝” ②句填“滴水穿石”D.①句填“青出于蓝而胜于蓝” ②句填“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”4.依据语段内容,对画线病句的修改最恰当的一项是今年5月至11月北京将举办第九届中国国际园林花卉博览会。届时,丰台区永定河畔将崛起一座面积相当于两个颐和园的“园博园”。以“绿色交响、盛世园林”为主题的“园博会”将吸引上千万人从全国乃至世界各地齐聚丰台,北京将为建设宜居城市、发展文化创意产业带来新的机遇。A.修改:使北京带来建设宜居城市、发展文化产业的新机遇。B.修改:将为北京建设宜居城市、文化产业发展带来新的机遇。C.修改:建设宜居城市、发展文化产业的新机遇将带给北京。D.修改:将为北京建设宜居城市、发展文化产业带来新的机遇。5.结合语境,在下面语段中的横线处填写句子最恰当的一项是嫉妒导致恶,极端的嫉妒导致邪恶,一个嫉妒心太重的人,是_____________,也是___________,他总是从别人的成功与喜悦中感到失败和痛苦。这种挫败感会积累发酵成仇恨,仇恨使他的内心变得更加阴暗,而阴暗的人生是多么苦闷的人生。由此可见:________。A.恶意最多的人 痛苦最多的人 嫉妒毁坏人生B.痛苦最多的人 失败最多的人 嫉妒毁坏人生C.恶意最多的人 失败最多的人 仇恨毁坏人生D.失败最多的人 痛苦最多的人 仇恨毁坏人生6.对下面文段中有关修辞方法作用的分析,有误的一项是春天必然曾经是这样:绿意内敛的山头,一把雪再也撑不住了,扑哧的一声,将冷面笑成花面;一首澌澌然的歌便从云端唱入山麓,从山麓唱入低低的荒村,唱入篱落,唱入一只小鸭的黄蹼,唱入软融融的春泥——软如一床新翻的棉被的春泥。鸟又可以开始丈量天空了。有的负责丈量天的蓝度,有的负责丈量天的透明度,有的负责用那双翼丈量天的高度和深度。他们吱吱喳喳地算了又算,核了又核,终于还是不敢宣布统计数字。至于所有的花,已交给蝴蝶去数;所有的蕊,交给蜜蜂去编册;所有的树,交给风去纵宠;而风,交给檐前的老风铃去一一记忆、垂询。春天必然曾经是这样,如今,谁不想看到这样的春天呢?穿越烟囱与烟囱的黑森林,我想走访那踯躅在湮远年代中的春天。A.第一段中“唱入……”运用拟人、排比、比喻,勾勒出温润、柔和的春意浸入大自然每个角落的情态。B.第二段中“有的负责……”运用排比、拟人,既写出春天天空的湛蓝、澄澈与开阔,也写出飞鸟的愉悦欢畅之情。C.“穿越烟囱与烟囱的黑森林”一句运用比喻,生动描写出森林被工厂烟囱取代的景象,表达了作者对曾经的春天的向往。D.文章结尾段运用反问句式,表达出作者深感工业时代环境污染之痛,以及对真正的春天已经消失的追怀与叹惋。二、填空(共8分)7.默写(5分)(1)无可奈何花落去, 。(晏殊《浣溪沙 一曲新词酒一杯》)(1分)(2) ,浅草才能没马蹄。(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(1分)(3) ,病树前头万木春。(刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》)(1分)(4)《岳阳楼记》中体现人们因恶劣天气出行不便的语句是:“ , ”(2分)8.名著阅读(3分)《①》与《大学》、《孟子》、《中庸》并称“四书”,是儒家的经典,包含政治主张、道德观念、教育原则等方面的内容。孔子认为 ② (填成语)的学习方法可以在不断温习旧知识中受到启发,有新收获。孟子认为道义尊严比生命更为重要,《鱼我所欲也》一文中 ③ 的故事论证的就是这个道理。三、综合性学习(共10分)“国际红十字日”即将到来之际,某校学生展开对我国人体器官捐献状况的了解与调查,请你完成下面任务。9.根据下面的材料,概括我国器官捐献移植的供需状况及造成该状况的原因。(4分)【材料一】公民逝世后器官捐献是解决移植器官来源的最佳途径,也是社会文明进步的标志。根据世界卫生组织的材料,目前全世界的器官供需比平均是1:25,即有25个人需要的时候,一个人捐献。美国的器官供需比为1:4,英国是1:3。来自卫生部的统计数据显示,我国目前约有100万至150万人需要器官移植,但每年仅能实施手术1.3万例,即只有1%左右可获得移植,供需比是1:150。2011年各国每百万人口公民逝世后器官捐献数量(单位:例)国家 西班牙 奥地利 美国 法国 英国 中国数量 81.3 69 62 49.3 40.6 0.0139(数据来源于网络)状况: 原因:10.有这样一种观点:150万人在等死,中国器官捐献率低是因为没爱心。请从下面材料中概括出2条反对这一观点的理由。(4分)【材料二】(调查数据来自网络)理由一: 理由二:11.根据以上调查,同学们准备在“国际红十字日”当天走上街头进行一次“器官捐赠”的宣传活动,根据下面的材料,请你为本次宣传活动的主题补写下句。(要求与上句语义相关、句式相同、字数相等)(2分)【材料三】2013年3月19日,茂名信宜市洪冠镇翻南村,村医梁金英作出了一个感人的决定-——无偿捐献因意外离世的丈夫陈欲军的器官。一对眼角膜、两个肾脏、一个肝脏,5个器官顺利移植成功。尽管亲人走了,但却留下一份珍贵的礼物,捐献出的器官让生命以特殊的方式延续。2012年感动中国十大人物之一——何玥,这位年仅12岁的小女孩听说自己的生命只剩三个月时,决定将自己的器官捐献给需要的人。11月17日,小何玥脑死亡,父亲根据她的遗愿将她的肾和肝捐给了三个人。当我们怀着悲伤提起这个名字时,却又怀着欣喜,因为她的生命与另外的生命合二为一,仍在这个世界上熠熠生辉。死亡即意味着生命的终结吗?不,他们的器官还在这个世界上继续延续着生命!这就是器官捐赠的价值。主题:感谢无私的捐赠, 。四、文言文阅读(共10分)阅读下面文章,完成第12-14题。送东阳马生序(节选)余幼时即嗜学。家贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠,益慕圣贤之道。又患无硕师名人与游,尝趋百里外从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。当余之从师也,负箧曳屣,行深山巨谷中,穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂而不知。至舍,四支僵劲不能动,媵人持汤沃灌,以衾拥覆,久而乃和。寓逆旅主人,日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣,戴朱缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭,烨然若神人;余则缊袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意,以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。祖逖范阳祖逖,少有大志,与刘琨俱为司州主簿。同寝,中夜闻鸡鸣,蹴琨觉,曰:“此非恶声也!”因起舞。及渡江,左丞相睿以为军咨祭酒。逖居京口,纠合骁健,言于睿曰:“晋室之乱,由宗室争权,自相鱼肉,遂使戎狄乘隙,毒流中土。今遗民既遭残贼,人思自奋。大王诚能命将出师,使如逖者统之以复中原,郡国豪杰,必有望风响应者矣!”睿素无北伐之志,以逖为奋威将军、豫州刺史,给千人廪,布三千匹,不给铠仗,使自召募。逖将其部曲百余家渡江,中流,击楫而誓曰:“祖逖不能清中原而复济者,有如大江!”遂屯淮阴,起冶铸兵,募得二千余人而后进。12.下列语句中加点词意思相同的一项是(1分)A.录毕,走送之 B.既加冠晋室之乱 今遗民既遭残贼C.先达德隆望尊 D.当余之从师也必有望风响应者矣 大王诚能命将出师13.解释下列语句中加点词的意思。(2分)(1)略无慕艳意 (2)自相鱼肉14.用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。(4分)(1)尝趋百里外从乡之先达执经叩问 翻译:(2)祖逖不能清中原而复济者,有如大江 翻译:15.宋濂从师学习时和祖逖准备北伐时都遇到过障碍,请你分别概括出他们遇到的障碍?(3分)答:五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)阅读《一点一横长》,完成第16-18题。(共17分)一点一横长明凤英①我常常想起我的小学老师,达时雨。②小时候,学写繁体字。碰上笔画多的,达老师就教我们一些顺口溜。“一点一横长,一撇到南洋。我的耳朵长,我姓王,我今年十四岁,在一心国小上学。”这是繁体“廳”字,大厅的厅,整整二十五笔。③“一点一横长,二字下面口四方,两边丝绕绕,鸟儿站中央;“这是‘鸞’字,红鸾星动的‘鸾’。”还有“亡、口、月、贝、凡,”这是“赢”字;输赢的赢……④我们扯开嗓门喊起来,伸出手指把字写在空气里。一时,教室里像是让我们挂满了“廰”字,叮叮当当作响。达老师假装捂起耳朵,说:“你们声音好大!外面的树叶子,花儿都让你们嚷嚷下来了。”大家咧嘴嘻嘻笑起来。教室外面,隔着走廊,木麻黄红艳艳的花瓣正慢慢落下,落在黄土堆上。⑤达时雨老师是我三、四年级时候的导师,江苏泗水人,1949年到台湾。那时她大约三十几岁,高高的个子,粗密浓黑的长发。自行车来去,娴雅悠闲,软底平鞋,踏地无声。她把自行车停在教室走廊外面,木麻黄树下面,笑眯眯地、无声地走进教室。她上课非常认真,铆足了力气。下课了,她静静坐在教室里,支着头看木麻黄树,笑眯眯地看我们冲进冲出,疯跑一气。她的苏北口音非常甜蜜温柔,棉花糖一样拖长了:“当心摔跤哦。”⑥达老师并不是一个棉花糖一样的女人。三年级第一天上课,她开口就告诉我们,做什么要像什么。做小学生,就要好好读书,孝顺父母。告诉我们做人不能有虚荣心,要有服务的精神。长大了,做有用的人,为国家社会做事。达老师说她在大陆念女子师范学校,校门口挂了一幅对联,写的是:想做大官的请出去,要做小姐的别进来。她说这些话的时候,凛然正色,字字清楚。我们都安静下来,不敢造次。⑦达老师教我们成语。从“一”开始。一贫如洗、一介布衣、一曝十寒……好像人生真是件严重的大事,处处都是险滩。一不小心,就要万劫不复。⑧有一次我家急着要用钱。妈妈苦无对策,叨念告诉我,课后的辅导不上了吧,可以省下30块钱寄给外婆。我听了妈妈的话,不作他想,下课背上书包,大踏步高高兴兴回家了。快出校门的时候,却让达老师给叫住:“为什么不上成语课?”我据实以报:“我家钱紧了。我妈说不上了。”达老师只说:“上课去。”我听了,也不作他想,回头进教室。父母辈疲于奔命,只求喂饱一家人的肚子,竟从来没有察觉什么。事后,我妈也像是压根儿忘了让我不上辅导课的事情。只是此后,我就没有再交过辅导费了。⑨难得糊涂的日子,如急流湍湍,竟也这样舟行千里。大学毕业后我四处奔走,跟达老师断了联系。多年以后,我才又听到更多达老师的事。达老师是从台北的一处高楼纵身跳下,带着她特有的清高和寂静,离开人世的。⑩我常常想起达老师支着头,静静坐在教室里看木麻黄树的样子。我没有机会告诉她,当年她讲“想当大官的请出去,想当小姐的别进来”的一刻,曾经多么地让我震动。我也没有机会谢谢她把八岁时候的我,领进了学习的畅想和快乐中。想念她的时刻,我是多么愿意,生出彩翼,振翅飞到琼楼高处,把她从孤单绝望的一刻,奋力拉回。回到那“一点一横长,一撇到南洋”的瞬间。一点,一横长。一撇无垠,到天涯。(有删改)16.本文主要通过四个场景回忆了我与达时雨老师相处的日子,请依次概括前三个场景。(每处概括不超过10个字)(共6分)场景一: 场景二:场景三: 场景四:免除我的辅导费17.文章⑩-段语言饱含感情,请以相关内容为例简要分析。(4分)答:18.阅读文章②-⑧段,简要分析达老师这一人物形象的特点。(不超过150字)(7分)答:(二)阅读《春雨话情愁》,完成第19-20题。(共6分)春雨话情愁①“清明时节雨纷纷”,在窗外嘀嗒作响之时,人们似乎特别容易因琐事而感伤。每当天气降温、雨水落下,我们的情绪便和这天一样,阴沉起来。②天气和心情糟糕看似没关系,其实不然。下雨往往会阴天,此时位于人们头顶正中央下方,一个叫松果体的小腺体便活跃起来。它是一个长约5-8mm,宽约3-5mm的灰红色椭圆形的豆状小体。虽然藏在大脑深处,但它对于光线的感知极其敏锐。当接受持续光照时,它就会变小,细胞活动也随之降低。一旦外界环境变暗,或者不接受阳光照射的时候,它便开始撒欢,分泌大量的松果激素,使得人体内的其他激素水平都相应降低。这些激素里,恰恰有让人情绪振奋的甲状腺素和肾上腺素。这样一来,人们就会情绪欠佳,甚至萎靡不振。如果恰逢长期的阴雨季节,情绪的低沉便会更加明显。③除了阳光问题,低温低压是造成我们情绪受伤的另一个原因。下雨时水蒸汽大量聚集,气压便会降低,此时,人们会需要比平时更多的氧气,有些人甚至会感到轻微的憋气。虽然这一切都在不知不觉中发生,但是身体的不适,必然会带来心理上的不舒服。同时,下雨时空气流动加强,温度降低,人不愿意活动。这是由于人体的自身防御机制被启动了,低温条件下许多器官都会受损,所以大脑在处理低温信号时,就会告诉一些运动神经别太活跃了。神经对于各种信号的处理迟缓了,心情就会受到影响。④除了生理不适造成的情绪低落,下雨导致的心理因素也是极多的。当下快节奏生活使得各种“简式思想”在人们头脑中普遍存在。大家都想尽可能简化一切繁杂冗余,但是一下雨就会造成各种不便:准备雨具、道路湿滑、无法参加户外活动、一些计划不能实施等等。产生不便的同时,我们心理自我防御机制中“压抑机制”便会响应。我们会强迫自己去接受这些不便,强烈的压抑心理自然会催生许多负面情绪,必然会不高兴。⑤这些是造成心情不好的心理和生理上的一些原因,但是,在临床心理学中,这一类影响都是在可接受范围内的,因为这些情愁只是我们情绪上的不适,并没有影响到我们正常的社会功能、生活功能。很多时候,随着雨过天晴就会一挥而散。但是,这样的负面情绪如果长期累积,不及时疏导,便会引发诸如“季节性抑郁症”、“恶劣天气恐怖症”等心理疾病,这些都是由于阴雨天气而引发的“气象病”。⑥了解雨天为什么会影响我们的情绪之后,在较长的阴雨天里,大家就应该有意识地调节自己的情绪,因为无论天气怎样,真正影响我们的其实是我们自己。如果我们时刻都能拥有一份好心情,就再也不怕这雨这风。相反,当春雨骤降的时候,可以坐下来,趁机歇歇脚,好好地去品品这“沾衣欲湿杏花雨,吹面不寒杨柳风”的好日子。(原文有删改)19.文章开头和结尾均引用了诗句,请你说明两处诗句不能调换的两条理由。(2分)答:20.阅读下面材料,借助文中相关知识及地理知识,简要分析居住在北极圈以内和南极圈以内的人特别容易受到“SAD”影响的原因。(4分)【链接材料】“SAD”也叫冬季抑郁症,是情绪失调的一种。简单来说,患者在春天、夏天、秋天都很正常,但是在冬天就会表现出抑郁的症状,会非常“sad”。“SAD”与阳光有很大的联系。赤道附近鲜有“SAD”发病记录,而居住在北极圈以内和南极圈的人们,由于极夜的存在,特别容易受“SAD”的影响。答:(三)阅读下面文章,完成第21-22题。(共7分)①底线原本是指足球、篮球、羽毛球等运动场地两端的界线。如今,“底线”一词开始在媒体上频频露面,如道德底线、伦理底线、人格底线、职业底线等等。可见,这里所谓“底线”是一个伦理学术语,是指人无论何种原因处于怎样的境遇中,都需要遵守的社会基本道德规范。②人生在世,必须有自己坚守的底线。③道德良心是最基础的一道底线。帮别人垫钱买彩票,中大奖后分文不取的赵书兵;抱起血泊中的小悦悦,向周围人呼救的陈贤妹;哥哥遭遇车祸身亡,作为弟弟仍不忘把工资发给工人兄弟们的孙东林……他们是普通人,也只是做了一些“很普通”的事,然而,依靠最基本的道德良心作出的选择却使他们于平凡中彰显了人格的光辉,这光辉来自于他们的那种对于做人底线的坚守。④民族道义是最崇高的一条底线。【甲】对于宁赴清流、投身汨罗江的屈原而言,以身殉国是他至死捍卫的心灵底线;【乙】对于不为五斗米折腰陶渊明而言,保持自身操守是他心灵的底线;【丙】对于宁愿饿死也不领美国救济粮的朱自清而言,捍卫民族尊严是他心中至死不变的底线。因为有着这份坚守,他们才做到了“众人皆醉我独醒”,即使生命逝去,也为后人所敬仰。⑤相反,没有了底线,企业就会弄虚作假,学者就会指鹿为马,裁判就会大吹黑哨,官员就会贪赃枉法,警察就会刑讯逼供,法官就会草菅人命……这种“恶的蔓延”,会侵蚀社会的道德良知,甚至颠覆社会的主流价值观。⑥中国人从来就有底线,做生意,明码实价,童叟无欺;做学问,言之有据,持之有故;做官,不夺民财,不伤无辜;做人,不卖朋友,不丧天良。正是靠着底线的坚守,中华民族虽历尽苦难,中华文明却得以延续。只要每个公民、每个行业都坚守底线、为善去恶,我们的社会就能构筑起更为坚实的道德基础,焕发出更有底气的道德自信。21.阅读文章②-⑤段,梳理论证过程并填空。(3分)正面论证:道德良心是最基础的一道底线提出中心论点: ① ②反面论证: ③22.请选出第④段中使用不恰当的论据并说明原因?(4分)答:不恰当的论据是 ,(填序号即可)原因六、作文(50分)23.请以“那些 的日子”为题完成一篇不少于600字的作文。要求:(1)补全题目。 (2)不限文体(诗歌除外)。(3)字数在600-1000之间。(4)作文中不要出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名。丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习语文学科参考答案及评分标准2013年5月一、选择题(共12分,每小题2分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6答案 B D C D A C二、填空(共8分)7.参考答案(1)似曾相识燕归来(2)乱花渐欲迷人眼(3)沉舟侧畔千帆过(4)商旅不行,樯倾楫摧 评分标准:共5分。每空1分,出现错别字该空不得分。8.答案示例:①论语 ②温故知新 ③不受嗟来之食 评分标准:共3分。每空1分。三、综合性学习(共10分)9.参考答案示例:【状况】我国器官移植需求量大,而可供移植器官数量很少;供需比远低于世界平均水平。评分标准:共2分,意思表达准确即可。【原因】我国公民逝世后器官捐献数量低于其他各国,器官供体严重不足。评分标准:共2分,意思表达准确即可。10.参考答案:【理由一】大多数人对于捐献自己去世后身体器官并不排斥,可见有爱心的人并不少。(2分)【理由二】人们不愿捐献器官原因复杂,但与有无爱心无关。(2分)评分标准:共4分,意思表达准确即可。11.参考答案示例:赞美生命的礼物 评分标准:共2分,意思表达准确即可。四、文言文阅读(共10分)12.参考答案:B(1分)13.参考答案:(1)艳:艳羡。(2)鱼肉:残害。评分标准:共2分。每小题1分14.参考答案:(1)我曾经跑到百里之外拿着经书向乡里的前辈问难请教。(2)我祖逖如果不能肃清中原的敌人再渡江回来,就像这大江的水,一去不回头。评分标准:共4分。每小题2分。15.参考答案要点:宋濂:路途艰难,衣食不足。祖逖:统治者不支持北伐。评分标准:共3分,每点1分。意思表达准确即可。五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)共17分16.参考答案示例:场景一:教我们认字 场景二:提醒我们注意安全 场景三:讲做人的道理 评分标准:共6分,每处2分,意思表达准确即可。17.参考答案示例:第⑩段中,用“我没有机会”一句回忆达老师给我的人生观的启蒙,“也没有机会”一句回忆达老师让少年的我快乐成长。没有直抒胸臆的抒情和议论,以平静的口吻叙述几十年前的情境,传达了作者对达老师深厚而浓烈的怀念与感激之情,可谓言有尽而意无穷。18.参考答案示例:达老师聪慧可亲、和蔼娴静,教我们认字,用编顺口溜的方式教我们这些活泼好动的小学生;我们学习时高兴地大声喊叫,休息时忘形疯跑,她没有粗暴地批评,而是巧妙地提醒,让我们心悦诚服地接受;达老师正直善良,她严肃地教导我们做人的道理,令我至今难忘,她不动神色地免除我的辅导费,让我无忧无虑地享受学习的快乐。评分标准:共7分。准确概括人物形象特点2分,结合所概括的性格进行恰当分析5分。(二)共6分19.参考答案示例:①开头引用诗句的目的是引出说明内容,诗意与下文要说明的内容情绪低落与天气有关,相契合。(1分)②结尾引用的诗句的目的是提醒人们应善于调节自己的情绪,拥有好心情欣赏春天春风醉人,细雨润泽的美好景象。(1分)20.参考答案示例:极夜来临,北极圈和南极圈内会连续较长时间的黑夜。(1分)这里的人们由于长时间接受不到太阳光,大脑中的松果体大量分泌松果激素,从而使得甲状腺素和肾上腺素的分泌被抑制,造成情绪萎靡不振。(2分)再加上低温,导致运动神经活跃度降低,因而人们的负面情绪长期积累得不到缓解,因此很容易受到“SAD”的影响。(1分)(三)共7分21.参考答案示例:①人生在世,必须有自己坚守的底线②民族道义是最崇高的一条底线③没有底线会给社会带来的不良后果(危害)。评分标准:共3分。每空1分,意思表达准确即可。22.参考答案示例:乙(1分)本段的分论点是:民族道义是最崇高的一条底线。陶渊明辞官不做归隐田园的原因是要保持自身的节操,不向权贵低头,不能证明本段的分论点。(3分)评分标准:共4分。意思表达准确即可。六、作文(共50分)23.评分标准项目等级 内容、表达(46分) 说明 书写(4分)一类卷(50—43) 要求:符合题意,内容具体,中心明确;条理清楚,结构合理;语言通顺,有2处以下语病。赋分范围:46——39分 以42分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 4分字迹工整,标点正确, 错别字2个以下,格式规范。二类卷(42—37) 要求:比较符合题意,内容比较具体,中心比较明确;条理比较清楚,结构比较合理;语言比较通顺,有3—4处语病。赋分范围:38——33分 以36分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 3分字迹工整,标点大体正确,错别字3—4个,格式规范。三类卷(36—30) 要求:基本符合题意,内容尚具体,中心基本明确;条理基本清楚,结构基本完整;语言基本通顺,有5—6处语病。赋分范围:32——26分 以29分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 2分字迹不够清楚,标点错误较多,错别字5—7个,格式大体规范。四类卷(29—0) 要求:不符合题意,内容空洞,中心不明确;条理不清楚,结构不完整;语言不通顺,有7处以上语病。赋分范围:25——0分 以17分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 1—0分字迹潦草,难以辨认,标点错误很多,错别字8个以上,格式不规范。丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习数 学 试 卷一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)下列各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.1.-2的倒数是A.2 B.-2 C. D.2.第九届中国(北京)国际园林博览会将于2013年的5月18日至11月18日在丰台区举办.据相关介绍,本届园博会在占地面积、建设规模、园区特色、标志建筑、绿色低碳等方面均超过以往任何一届,目前已有120多个国内外城市参展.业界专家预测,北京园博会接待游客将达20 000 000人次,堪称园林版的“奥运会”.将20 000 000用科学记数法表示为A. B. C. D.3.如图,下列水平放置的几何体中,俯视图是长方形的是4.如果一个正多边形的每个外角为36°,那么这个正多边形的边数是A.12 B.10 C.9 D.85.某中学周末有40人去体育场观看足球赛,40张票分别为A区第2排1号到40号, 小明同学从40张票中随机抽取一张,则他抽取的座位号为10号的概率是A. B. C. D.6.如图,直线、相交于点,, ,则∠AOC等于A.54°B.46°C.36°D.26°7. 某中学书法兴趣小组12名成员的年龄情况如下:年龄(岁) 12 13 14 15 16人数 1 4 3 2 2则这个小组成员年龄的众数和中位数分别是A. 15,16 B. 13,14 C. 13,15 D.14,148.如图,在中,,.动点P、Q分别在直线 上运动,且始终保持.设,,则与的函数关系的图象大致可以表示为二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9.在函数y=中,自变量的取值范围是___________. 10.分解因式:= .11.某地铁站的手扶电梯的示意图如图所示.其中AB、CD分别表示电梯出入口处的水平线,∠ABC=135°,BC的长是m,则乘电梯从点B到点C上升的高度h是 m.12.我们把函数图象与x轴交点的横坐标称为这个函数的零点.如函数的图象与x轴交点的坐标为(,0),所以该函数的零点是.(1)函数的零点是 ;(2)如图,将边长为1的正方形ABCD放置在平面直角坐标系xOy中,且顶点A在x轴上.若正方形ABCD沿轴正方向滚动,即先以顶点A 为中心顺时针旋转,当顶点B落在轴上时,再以顶点B为中心顺时针旋转,如此继续.顶点D的轨迹是一函数的图象,则该函数在其两个相邻零点间的图象与轴所围区域的面积为 .三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13.计算:.14.解不等式组:15.已知:如图,在△ABC中,AD是中线,分别过点B、C作AD及其延长线的垂线BE、CF,垂足分别为点E、F.求证:BE=CF.16.已知,求代数式的值.17.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线的图象与反比例函数的图象交于点A(1,m),与x轴交于点,过点A作轴于点.(1)求一次函数的解析式;(2)若P为x轴上一点,且△ABP的面积为10,直接写出点的坐标.18.列方程或方程组解应用题:去年暑期,某地由于暴雨导致电路中断,该地供电局组织电工进行抢修.供电局距离抢修工地15千米.抢修车装载着所需材料先从供电局出发,10分钟后,电工乘吉普车从同一地点出发,结果他们同时到达抢修工地.已知吉普车速度是抢修车速度的1.5倍,求吉普车的速度.四、解答题(本题共20分,每小题5分)19.如图,四边形ABCD中,AB = AD,∠BAD=90°,∠CBD=30°,∠BCD=45°,若AB=.求四边形的面积.20.已知:如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,以AB为直径的⊙O交AC于点D,E是BC的中点,连结DE.(1)求证:DE与⊙O相切;(2)连结OE,若cos∠BAD=,BE=,求OE的长.21.某电器商场从生产厂家购进彩电、洗衣机、冰箱共480台,各种电器的进货比例如图1所示,商场经理安排6人销售彩电,2人销售洗衣机,4人销售洗冰箱.前5天这三种电器的销售情况如图2与表格所示.电器 彩电 洗衣机 冰箱前5天的销售总量(台) 150 30请你根据统计图表提供的信息,解答以下问题:(1)该电器商场购进彩电多少台?(2)把图2补充完整;(3)把表格补充完整;(4)若销售人员与销售速度不变,请通过计算说明哪种电器最先售完?22.操作与探究:如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知点的坐标为(1,0).将线段绕原点O沿逆时针方向旋转45,再将其延长到,使得,得到线段;又将线段绕原点O沿逆时针方向旋转45,再将其延长到,使得,得到线段,如此下去,得到线段,,…,.(1)写出点M5的坐标;(2)求的周长;(3)我们规定:把点(0,1,2,3…)的横坐标,纵坐标都取绝对值后得到的新坐标称之为点的“绝对坐标”.根据图中点的分布规律,请写出点的“绝对坐标”.五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题8分)23.二次函数的图象如图所示,其顶点坐标为M(1,-4).求二次函数的解析式;(2)将二次函数的图象在轴下方的部分沿轴翻折,图象的其余部分保持不变,得到一个新的图象,请你结合新图象回答:当直线与这个新图象有两个公共点时,求的取值范围.24.在中,∠ACB=90°,AC>BC,D是边上的动点,E是BC边上的动点,AD=BC,CD=BE .(1) 如图1,若点E与点C重合,连结BD,请写出∠BDE的度数;(2)若点E与点B、C不重合,连结AE 、BD交于点F,请在图2中补全图形,并求出∠BFE的度数.25.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,⊙C的圆心坐标为(-2,-2),半径为.函数y=-x+2的图象与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,点P为直线AB上一动点.(1)若△POA是等腰三角形,且点P不与点A、B重合,直接写出点P的坐标;(2)当直线PO与⊙C相切时,求∠POA的度数;(3)当直线PO与⊙C相交时,设交点为E、F,点M为线段EF的中点,令PO=t,MO=s,求s与t之间的函数关系式,并写出t的取值范围. 丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习数学参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(共8小题,每小题4分,满分 32分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8答案 D C D B A C B A二、填空题(共4小题,每小题4分,满分16分)9. 10. 11.512.(1)-5,1 (2)三、解答题(共6小题,每小题5分,满分30分)13.解:原式= -------- 4分=. -------------- 5分14.解:由①得.………1分由②得x≤1. ………3分∴ 原不等式组的解集是-3<x≤1.……5分证明:∵在△ABC中,AD是中线,∴BD=CD,-------------- 1分∵CF⊥AD,BE⊥AD,∴∠CFD=∠BED=90° ,--------------- 2分在△BED与△CFD中,∠BED=∠CFD,∠BDE=∠CDF,-------------- 3分BD=CD,∴△BED≌△CFD,-------------- 4分∴BE=CF.-------------- 5分16.解:原式= ------------ 2分= . ------------ 3分∵,∴.∴原式=. ------------- 5分解:(1)由图象知反比例函数的图象经过点B(4,3),∴. ∴m=12. ---------- 1分∴反比例函数解析式为. ---------- 2分由图象知一次函数的图象经过点A(-6,-2) , B(4,3),∴ 解得 --------- 3分∴一次函数解析式为. -------- 4分(2)当018.解:设抢修车的速度为x千米/时,则吉普车的速度为15x千米/时. ------ 1分由题意得,.解得,.经检验,是原方程的解,并且都符合题意.答:抢修车的的速度为20千米/时,吉普车的速度为30千米/时.根据题意,得:150x+90(1000-x)=126000,------ 3 分解方程得 x=600. ------ 4 分∴1000-600=400.答:当日这一售票点售出普通票600张,优惠票400张. ------- 5 分四、解答题(共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分)19.解:过点C作CE∥DB,交AB的延长线于点E.∴∠ACE=∠COD=60°. -----------------1分又∵DC∥AB, ∴四边形DCEB为平行四边形.---------------- 2分∴BD=CE,BE = DC =3,AE=AB+BE=8+3=11. ---------------- 3分又∵DC∥AB,AD=BC,∴DB=AC =CE.∴△ACE为等边三角形.∴AC=AE=11, ∠CAB=60°. -------------------------------------------------- 4分过点C作CH⊥AE于点H.在Rt△ACH中, CH=AC·sin∠CAB=11×=.∴梯形ABCD的高为. -------------------------------------------------- 5分20.(1)证明:如图1所示,连接OD,BD∵AB是⊙O的直径,∴° . ……1分在Rt△BDC中∵E是BC的中点,∴DE=BC;∴DE=BE; ∴. ∵OD=OB, ∴;∵° ∴° 即OD⊥DE∴DE是⊙O的切线 ……2分(2)解: ∵,∴△ ∽ △ ……3分∴∵, ∴ ……7分∵OE是△ABC的中位线∴21. 解:(1)480×55%=264(件). ----------------- 1分(2)画图正确. -----------------2分(3)如表格 60 . ----------------- 3分(4)上衣售完需264÷6÷5=8.8(天).----------------- 5分裤子售完需480×30%÷4÷3=12(天).鞋子售完需 480×15%÷2÷3=12 (天).∴上衣先售完.22.解:(1)M5(―4,―4)………………………………………4分(2)由规律可知,,,……………6分∴的周长是……………………………………8分(3)解法一:由题意知,旋转8次之后回到轴的正半轴,在这8次旋转中,点分别落在坐标象限的分角线上或轴或轴上,但各点“绝对坐标”的横、纵坐标均为非负数,因此,点的“绝对坐标”可分三类情况:令旋转次数为当点M在x轴上时: M0(),M4(),M8(),M12(),…,即:点的“绝对坐标”为()。……………………………………9分当点M在y轴上时: M2,M6,M10,M14,……,即:点的“绝对坐标”为.……………………………10分当点M在各象限的分角线上时:M1,M3,M5,M7,……,即:的“绝对坐标”为.………………………………12分解法二:由题意知,旋转8次之后回到轴的正半轴,在这8次旋转中,点分别落在坐标象限的分角线上或轴或轴上,但各点“绝对坐标”的横、纵坐标均为非负数,因此,各点的“绝对坐标”可分三种情况:①当时(其中=0,1,2,3,…),点在轴上,则()…………9分②当时(其中=1,2,3,…),点在轴上,点()…………10分③当=1,2,3,…,时,点在各象限的分角线上,则点()………12分五、解答题(共3小题,满分22分)23.解;(1) 因为M(1,-4) 是二次函数的顶点坐标,所以 ………………………1分令解之得.∴A,B两点的坐标分别为A(-1,0),B(3,0)……………………3分(2) 如图1,当直线经过A点时,可得当直线经过B点时,可得由图可知符合题意的的取值范围为 ------------------- 7分24.25.(1)延长交于,过点作轴于点.因为直线的函数关系式是,所以易得,,所以,又因为,所以. 1分因为,所以,所以,, 2分所以,所以,即. 3分(2)要使为等腰三角形,①当时,此时点与点重合,所以点坐标为(0,2);②当时,由,所以点恰好是的中点,所以点坐标为(1,1);③当时,则.过点作交于点,在中,易得,所以,所以点的坐标为.所以,若为等腰三角形,则点的坐标为(0,2),或(1,1),或.7分(3)当直线与相切时,设切点为,连接,则.由点的坐标为(),易得.又因为的半径为,所以,所以,又,所以.同理可求出的别一个值为,所以等于或. 10分因为为的中点,所以,又因为,所以,所以,即,因为,所以. 12分当过圆心时,,即,也满足.所以.(. 14分ABCDAODBECPyxOyxOyxOyxOA B C DABCQ135°ABCDhABOCxDyEFDBCAyABOCxABCDCEOBAD冰箱30%洗衣机15%冰箱彩电电器洗衣机每天每人销量(台)053图2图1M5M4M3M2M1OM0-55-55yx图2CABDBC(E)A图1yADBADxO·CFEBADFEDCABADBADxPO··CFEBADyDADHADGADBADxPO·CFEBADyDADGEMFK丰台区初中毕业考试统一练习物 理 试 卷2013年5月一、单项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个选项符合题意。共28分,每小题2分)1.下列物理量中,以科学家的名字瓦特作为单位的是A.电压 B.电阻 C.电功 D.电功率2.图1所示的现象中,由于光的直线传播形成的是3.下列物品中,通常情况下属于绝缘体的是A.陶瓷盘 B.铁钉 C.浓盐水 D.铅笔芯4.下列实例中,目的是为了增大压强的是A.在铁轨下面铺枕木 B.书包肩带做得较宽C.图钉帽的面积做得很大 D.压路机的碾子做得很重5.下列物态变化中,属于升华的是A.灯泡用久了灯丝变细 B.水沸腾时水面出现“白气”C.冬天湖水表面结冰 D.擦在皮肤上的酒精很快干了6.图2所示的用具中,属于省力杠杆的是7.下列估测值最接近实际的是A.一张课桌的高度约为2m B.一元硬币的直径大约为2.5cmC.一名中学生的质量约为5000g D.一个鸡蛋的质量约为5g8.图3中的四个实例,目的是为了减小摩擦的是9.10.图39.关于蒸发和沸腾,下列说法正确的是A.沸腾需要吸热,蒸发不需要吸热 B.蒸发和沸腾都只发生在液体表面C.蒸发和沸腾是汽化的两种方式 D.蒸发和沸腾都是在一定温度下发生10.下列情景中,重力对木块做功的是A.木块在地面上静止 B.木块挂在天花板上不动C.木块沿水平轨道运动 D.木块由高处自由下落11.某品牌的微型电脑吸尘器有两个开关,开关S1控制照明灯L和电动机M,开关S2只控制电动机M。如图4所示电路中,符合要求的是12.铭牌上标有“220V 60W”的电风扇,电阻值为10Ω,当通过风扇的电流为0.3A时, 600s内电流产生的热量是A.39600 J B.36000J C. 540J D.2904000J13.如图5所示,容器中装有一定量的水,静止在水平桌面上,容器中的水所受重力为G1,容器所受重力为G2,容器中的水对容器底的压力为N1,容器对桌面的压力为N2,桌面对容器的支持力为N3,则下列选项正确的是A.N1与G1大小相等B.G1、G2之和与N2大小相等C.N1与N3是一对相互作用力D.N2与N3是一对平衡力图514.如图6所示的电路中,电源电压9V保持不变,当开关S1、S2都闭合时,电压表示数为5V;滑动变阻器的滑片保持不动,只有S1闭合时,电压表示数为6V,两个开关都闭合与只有S1闭合时电流表示数变化了0.2A,则A.电阻R1的阻值为3.75ΩB.滑动变阻器R接入电路的阻值为5ΩC.电阻R2所消耗的功率减小了0.2WD.电路消耗的总功率增大了1.8W二、多项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中符合题意的选项均多于一个。本大题共12分,每小题3分。每小题选项全选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有错选的不得分)15.下列说法中正确的是A.物体吸收热量,内能就增加B.在蛋糕店旁闻到浓郁的奶油香味属于扩散现象C.塑料吸盘能牢牢地吸附在玻璃上,不是由于分子间存在着吸引力D.汽车驶过土路,尘土飞扬,说明分子在做无规则运动16.下列说法中正确的是A.如果运动物体不受力,它会一直运动下去B.通过拍打除去衣服上的灰尘,是由于灰尘有惯性C.人用水平方向的力推桌子,桌子没动是因为推力小于摩擦力D.抛出去的物体总会落向地面,这是由于物体具有惯性17.下列说法中正确的是A.人们规定正电荷定向移动的方向为电流的方向B.导体在磁场中运动时,导体中就会产生感应电流C.发电机是利用电磁感应现象制成的,工作时将机械能转化为电能D.用电高峰时,灯泡发光比正常时暗,但电路中的总电流却增大18.关于机械能,下列说法正确的是A.跳水运动员在空中下落的过程中,运动员的动能逐渐增大B.排球在上升的过程中,排球的重力势能逐渐减小C.载有钢块的汽车在匀速上坡的过程中,钢块的机械能增大D.小朋友在滑梯上匀速下滑的过程中,他的重力势能转化为动能三、填空题(共12分,每小题2分)19.乐音的三要素是音调、响度和 。20.人站在平面镜前1.2m处,他在平面镜中所成的像距离平面镜 m。21.四冲程汽油机在 冲程中,将机械能转化为内能。22.2012年6月24日11时55分,“神舟九号”和“天宫一号”成功对接。对接完成后,若以“天宫一号”为参照物,“神舟九号”是 的。(选填“运动”或“静止”)23.一个热水袋内装有质量为1kg的水,,水温从80℃降到40℃,热水袋内的水放出的热量是 J。[水的比热容为4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]24.盛有液体的圆柱形容器置于水平桌面上,如图7甲所示,容器对桌面的压力为N1,容器对桌面的压强为P1;用细线拴一金属球,将金属球浸没在液体中,如图7乙所示,容器对桌面的压强为P2;将细线剪断,金属球沉到容器底部,如图7丙所示,金属球对容器底部的压力为N3。P1:P2=5:6,N1:N3=5:9,液体的密度是0.9g/cm3,g取10N/kg。则金属球的密度为g/cm3 。四、实验与探究题(共35分,25~28、31、34、35题各2分,29、32、33、36题各3分,30题4分,37题5分)25.如图8所示,物体A的长度是________cm。26.请画出图9中拉力F对支点O的力臂L。27.如图10所示,电能表的示数是 kW·h。28.如图11所示,通电螺线管左端是 极。(选填“N”或“S”)29.在探究海波和石蜡熔化规律时,小琴记录的实验数据如下表所示。请根据表中的实验数据解答下列问题。时间/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12海波的温度/℃ 40 42 44 46 48 48 48 48 48 48 50 53 56石蜡的温度/℃ 40 41 42 44 46 47 48 49 51 52 54 56 59(1)在海波和石蜡这两种物质中,属于晶体的是________;(2)该晶体的熔点是________℃;(3)当该晶体的温度为56℃时,它处于______态。(选填“固”或“液”)30.小红在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中,选择了焦距为10cm的凸透镜。她将点燃的蜡烛、凸透镜和光屏依次固定在光具座上,如图12所示。为了在光屏上找到烛焰放大的实像,小红应将凸透镜向 移动(选填“左”或“右”)。此时该像是 的(选填“正立”或“倒立”)。这一实验现象可以说明的 成像特点(选填“照相机”、“幻灯机”或“放大镜”)。若点燃的蜡烛与凸透镜间距离小于10cm,小红应该在 (选填“蜡烛”或“光屏”)一侧透过凸透镜观察成像。31.如图13甲所示,是测量滑轮组机械效率的示意图。用弹簧测力计拉动绳子的自由端,将总质量为500g的重物从A位置匀速提升到位置,同时弹簧测力计从图中的B位置匀速竖直上升到位置,在这个过程中,弹簧测力计的示数如图13乙所示,请你根据实验完成下列问题:(g取10N/kg)(1)弹簧测力计对绳的拉力F所做的功为 J;(2)该滑轮组的机械效率是 %。(保留一位小数)32.小军利用天平、水和烧杯来测量一不规则小石块的密度。(1)把托盘天平放在水平台面上,将标尺上的游码移到零刻度处,调节天平平衡。用天平测量小石块的质量,右盘中的砝码和标尺上的游码如图14所示,则小石块的质量为 g。(2)如图15所示a.往烧杯中加入适量的水,把小石块浸没,在水面到达的位置上做标记;b.取出小石块,测得烧杯和水的总质量为153g;c.往烧杯中加水,直到标记处,再测出此时烧杯和水的总质量为184g;d.计算出小石块的体积为 cm3。(3)计算出小石块的密度为 g/cm3。33.现有如下器材:电源(电压未知但符合实验要求),三个开关,一个已调零的电压表,一个已知阻值为R0的定值电阻,待测电阻Rx,一个符合实验要求的滑动变阻器和若干导线。利用上述器材测量待测电阻Rx的阻值,图16是某同学连接的部分电路。(1)请只添加两根导线把电路补充完整。(2)先闭合开关S1和S2,断开开关S3,读出电压表示数为U1;保持滑动变阻器滑片P位置不动,断开开关S2,再闭合开关S3,读出电压表示数为U2;请用R0、U1和U2表示Rx。Rx= ________。34.图17是小鑫同学利用相关器材进行实验的电路图,实验中记录了电流表的示数I和电压表的示数U,实验数据如下表所示。请根据表中数据,归纳出电压与电流的关系式: 。I/A 0.20 0.24 .28 0.32 0.36 0.40U/V 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.835.图18甲是“探究通电螺线管外部磁场特点”的实验,小明将许多小磁针放在螺线管周围的不同位置,接通电路后观察各小磁针静止时的指向(小磁针上涂黑的是N极)。然后根据小磁针指向,画出了螺线管周围的磁感线,如图18乙所示。观察图甲和乙发现,通电螺线管外部的磁场分布与 形磁体的磁场分布十分相似。后来,小明对调电源正负极重新实验,发现小磁针静止时N极指向都与原来相反,这说明通电螺线管的磁场方向与 方向有关。36.小林看到放在水中的石块沉入水底,而放在水中的泡沫塑料漂浮在水面。因此他认为:密度大的物体在水中受到的浮力小。实验室有如下器材:体积为V1的铁块、木块各一个,体积为V2的铁块、木块各一个(V1>V2,ρ铁>ρ水>ρ木),细线、弹簧测力计、大烧杯和适量的水。请你选择合适的实验器材设计一个实验,证明小林的观点是错误的。37.实验桌上有如下实验器材:满足实验要求的电源一个(电源电压不变),已调零的电流表两块,开关两个,粗细均匀横截面积为1mm2的合金丝(电路符号)一根,阻值已知的定值电阻一个,刻度尺一把,导线若干。请选用上述实验器材,设计一个实验,证明“该合金丝的电阻跟长度成正比”。(1)请你画出实验电路图;(2)写出实验步骤;(3)画出实验数据记录表。五、计算题(共13分,38题6分,39题7分)38.如图19所示,电源两端电压不变,小灯泡L灯丝电阻保持不变。当开关S1、S2、S3都闭合,滑动变阻器的滑片P滑至B端时,小灯泡恰好正常发光,电流表的示数为I1,电压表的示数为U1;当只闭合开关S1,滑动变阻器的滑片P滑至AB中点时,小灯泡消耗的功率为额定功率的1/4,电流表的示数为I2;当只闭合开关S2时,电流表的示数为I3,电压表的示数为U3,电阻R1的电功率P1为2W,已知: U1:U3=3:1, I1: I2=7:1。求:(1)电阻R1与R2之比;(2)小灯泡的额定功率P额39. 如图20甲是在岸边打捞水中物体的装置示意图。该装置由悬挂机构和提升装置两部分组成。悬挂机构由固定杆OD和杠杆BC构成,O为杠杆BC的支点,CO∶OB=4∶1。配重E通过绳子竖直拉着杠杆B端,其质量mE=800kg。安装在杠杆C端的提升装置由一个支架、一个电动机Q、一个定滑轮K及数量未知的动滑轮(在虚线框内未画出)构成。其中支架和电动机Q的总质量mQ=10kg,定滑轮K的质量为mK=30kg。可利用遥控电动机拉动绳子自由端H,通过滑轮组提升浸没在水中的物体。在一次打捞一批实心材料过程中,实心材料浸没在水中匀速竖直上升,此时电动机Q牵引绳子的功率为P1,绳子H端的拉力为F1,实心材料上升的高度随时间变化的图像如图20乙所示,地面对配重E的支持力为N1;在实心材料全部露出水面后匀速竖直上升的过程中,绳子H端的拉力为F2,地面对配重E的支持力为N2,滑轮组的机械效率为η。已知F1=200N,F2=300N,N1∶N2=2∶1,被打捞的实心材料的密度ρ=2.7×103kg/m3,绳和杠杆的质量、捆绑实心材料的钢丝绳的质量和体积、滑轮与轴及杠杆支点处的摩擦、水对实心材料的阻力均忽略不计,g取10N/kg。求:(1)实心材料浸没在水中匀速上升时电动机牵引绳的功率P1;(2)实心材料露出水面后,滑轮组的机械效率η。丰台区2013年初三毕业及统一练习答案初 三 物 理一、单项选择题题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14答案 D C A D A B B C C D B C B A二、多项选择题题号 15 16 17 18答案 BC AB ACD AC三、填空题题号 19 20 21 22 23 24答案 音色 1.2 压缩 静止 1.68×105 9四、实验与探究题题号 答案25 3.1 (2分)2627 8062.3 (2分)28 S (1分)29 ⑴海波 (1分)⑵48 (1分)⑶液30 左;倒立;幻灯机;光屏 (4分)31 ⑴0.64 (1分)⑵78.1% (1分)32 ⑴62 (1分)⑵31 (1分)⑶2 (1分)33 (1)电路如图示;(2) (3分)34 (2分)35 条;电流 (2分)36 用细线拴住体积V1的铁块挂在弹簧测力计下,测出重力G1;将铁块浸没在烧杯的水中不与容器底壁接触,读出弹簧测力计的示数F1;利用公式F浮铁=G1—F1算出铁块所受的浮力。(1分)用细线将体积为V1的木块挂在弹簧测量计下,测出重力G2,利用公式F浮木=G2算出木块所受的浮力。(1分)实验发现F浮铁>F浮木,密度大的铁块在水中受到的浮力比密度小的木块大,说明小林的观点是错误的。(1分)说明:实验还可选用体积为V2的铁块和V2的木块;选用体积为V1的木块和体积为V2的铁块。37 ⑴⑵①如图组装电路,将合金丝全部接入电路;②调节接入电路中合金丝的长度,用刻度尺测出合金丝接入电路的长度l;闭合开关S1,断开S2,读电流表A的示数I1;闭合开关S1和S2,读电流表A的示数I2,将I1, I2, l和定值电阻的阻值R0的数据记录到表格中;③改变合金丝接入电路中的长度,仿照步骤②再做5次,将I1, I2, l和R0的数据记录到表格中;④利用计算六次接入电路中合金丝的阻值R,并记录到表格中。⑶实验表格:I1/AI2/AR0/Ωl /mR/Ω(5分)37题评分标准说明:自变量的改变与测量给1分,测两次电流1分;因变量计算给1分;电路图、表格设计各给1分。说明:37题实验电路图还可有以下四种R=I1R0/I2 R=R0(I2-I1)/I1 R=I1R0/ (I2-I1) R= (I2-I1)R0/I1(R=I2R0/I1)五、计算题题号 答案38 解:当开关S1、S2、S3都闭合,滑片P滑至B端时,电路如图甲所示;当只闭合开关S1,滑片P滑至AB的中点时,电路如图乙所示;当只闭合开关S2,电路如图丙所示;(等效电路图) ………………1分(1)在丙图中,则………1分(2)在甲、乙两图中,电阻RL不变==则RL=…………1分U一定,==,则 : ……………1分在甲丙图中……………1分……………1分39 (1)实心材料浸没在水中匀速上升时,以支架、电动机Q、定滑轮K为研究对象,受力分析图如图1所示,配重E的受力分析图如图2所示,杠杆COB受力分析图如图3所示。(说明:受力分析图正确得1分)=FC1 ,=FB1 , FC1·CO= FB1OB =nF1+ GQ+GKFB1=4(nF1+ GQ+GK) 1分 实心材料离开水面后匀速上升的过程中,以支架、电动机Q、定滑轮K为研究对象,受力分析图如图4所示,配重E的受力分析图如图5所示,杠杆COB受力分析图如图6所示。=FC2 ,=FB2 , FC2·CO= FB2 ·OB =nF2+ GQ+GKFB2=4(nF2+GQ+GK) 解得:n=4 (1分)P1=F1×4v1=200N×4×0.2m/s=160W (1分)(2)实心材料浸没在水中匀速上升时,以动滑轮和被提升的实心材料为研究对象,受力分析图如图7所示,实心材料离开水面后匀速上升的过程中,以动滑轮和被提升的实心材料为研究对象,受力分析图如图8所示。 (1分)解得: (1分)(1分)R1RS2R2VAS1图6图7甲 乙 丙图8图9图10图11图120cm501009080706040302010图1301234550g10gg图14取出小石块在水面处做标记再加水至标记图15图17图20(2分)L1PABR0RxS1S2S3=2AS1S2R0AAAA丙R1U1I3R2P1=2WRLI2Rab/2U1甲R2U1RLI1P额U3PL’=1/4P额乙图3BCFB1FC1OFB1N1mE图2FC1图1nF1GQ +GK FB2N2mE图5图4nF2GQ +GK图6BCFB2FC2O 4F1F浮G动+G动图7‘4F2G动+G动图8‘ 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 北京市丰台区2013年中考一模化学试题.doc 北京市丰台区2013年中考一模数学试题.doc 北京市丰台区2013年中考一模物理试题.doc 北京市丰台区2013年中考一模英语试题.doc 北京市丰台区2013年中考一模语文试题.doc