资源简介

(共94张PPT)
Unit 3　 Food and Culture
Using Language
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. my favorite ______　　　　　　　 我最喜欢的甜食
2. the Student ________________ 学生食堂/餐厅
3. red braised _____ 红烧肉
4. _________ excited and curious 有些激动和好奇
5. be high in ______ 高热量/卡路里
6. the American Medical __________ 美国医学协会
7. _________ of time and space 无论时间和空间
dessert
Canteen/Cafeteria
pork
somewhat
calorie
Association
regardless
8. different _________of fresh foods 各种新鲜食物
9. be full of ________and _____ 富含维生素和纤维
10. _________of sugar 大量的糖
11. the _____diet 理想的饮食
12. a ___________key 一种基调
13. _____too quickly 咀嚼得太快
14. _________eating habits 一致的饮食习惯
15. one _____to healthy eating 健康饮食的一个诀窍
categories
vitamins
fibre
quantities
ideal
fundamental
chew
consistent
trick
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. What’s more, good habits ____________(有助于)success.
2. It represents in the style of Chinese paintings countless brave warriors in white
fighting at the frontier ___________(不管, 不顾) their own safety.
3. There is much debate nowadays as to what _________(组成) a healthy diet.
4. He now discovers that they have been going south _________(而不是) north.
5. If we continue to __________(为……争论) the minor points we won’t get
anywhere near a solution.
contribute to
regardless of
makes up
instead of
argue over
6. The best thing to do is to ______________(把你自己限制在) 1, 000 calories a
day to try to lose weight.
7. _____________(换句话说), there are three times as many girls as boys.
8. If you want to ___________(削减) salt, there are plenty of simple things to do.
9. _______(和……一样) everything in life, moderation is key.
10. __________(此外), your teaching is beneficial for me to broaden my horizons.
limit yourself to
In other words
cut down on
As with
In addition
根据课文及汉语意思提示补全句子
1. However, there is _____________________(越来越多的证据表明) the real
driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
2. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through
sugar __________likely to die from heart disease ____ (是……的两倍) people who
receive less than 10% a day.
3. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over ______________________
___________(高脂肪食物是否危险), we already know that sugar is a killer.
4. ____________(取决于你) to decide how you want to live, and to make the right
decisions about your diet.
increasing evidence that
are twice as
than
whether or not fatty food
is dangerous
It is up to you
阅读精析·合作学习
　Task 1　框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2. What’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about _______________________________.
the suggestions about healthy eating
　Task 2　文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What is the main cause of ill health
A. Taking too much sugar.
B. Eating too much fat.
C. Having too many calories.
D. Taking less exercise.
(2)In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A. By eating extra desserts.
B. By overeating each meal.
C. Through vegetables and sweets.
D. Through sweets and sweet drinks.
(3)What is an ideal diet
A. One without fat.
B. One that is balanced.
C. One without sugar.
D. One with vegetables.
(4)What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A. What to eat to be fit.
B. When to eat each meal.
C. How to eat healthily.
D. Why to eat quickly.
(5)What is the writer’s attitude to eating
A. Eat to live. 　　　 B. Live to eat.
C. Eat for fun. D. Eat to enjoy.
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Healthy eating
Sugar is a killer (1) _________on desserts and sweet drinks.
A balanced diet Eat (2)_____ foods rather than (3)_________ foods.
A fundamental key Eat (4)______ and eat a modest amount of food each
time.
A trick Have a healthy (5)_______ towards food
Cut down
fresh
processed
slowly
attitude
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)It is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy
形式主语　　　　　　　　　不定式短语作主语
products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein
　　　　　　　从属连词“因为”
for strong bones and muscle growth.
译文: 在你的饮食中___________________________________, 因为它们提供了
强健骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。
摄入一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也很重要
因为他们仍然感到饥饿
课文语法填空
　　More and more evidence shows that the real driver of poor health is sugar,
(1)______ exists mainly in sweets and sweet drinks we take every day. Those who
receive 25% of their (2)_____(day) calories from sweets and sweet drinks are more
likely (3) _______(have) heart disease. So scientists recommend that we limit
(4)________(we) to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar. That is to say, we
should eat less than a candy bar a day. Instead, we should consume different
(5)_________ (category) of fresh fruit and vegetables. As with everything in life,
moderation is key. The ideal diet (6)__(be) a balanced one, without too much (7) __
too little of any one thing.
which
daily
to have
ourselves
categories
or
is
(8)______(eat) slowly is also a fundamental key to being healthy, because it will
cause us to eat less and it is (9)_________(benefit) to the digestion. It is also better to
eat a modest amount of food each time, rather (10)____ to eat a lot in one meal, and
then a little in the next.
Eating
beneficial
than
要点精研·探究学习
1. somewhat adv. 有点, 稍微
*(2021·浙江高考)Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking
in a somewhat unlikely place: online. 然而, 为了寻找其他志同道合的人, 保罗在
网上这个不太可能的地方开始寻找。
*Things have changed somewhat since then.
从那时候起, 情况就有些不一样了。
*Somehow Karin managed to cope with the demands of her career.
不知怎么地, 卡琳设法应付了那些来自工作的要求。
*Anyhow, this doesn’t prevent the Internet from becoming our friend. 无论如何, 这
并不妨碍互联网成为我们的朋友。
【词块积累】
somehow　　 不知怎么地; 以某种方式; 莫名其妙地
anyhow 总之; 无论如何; 不管怎样
【即学活用】
选词填空(somewhat, somehow, anyhow)
(1)The price was _________ higher than I’d expected.
(2)________, knowledge can be learned not only from books but also through
activities.
(3)Don’t worry. We’ll get the money back ________.
somewhat
Anyhow
somehow
2. association n. 协会; 关联
* My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our School English Association.
我叫李华。我写信是为了申请成为我们学校英语协会的志愿者。
*My association with him goes back to our days in high school.
我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。
*In western cultures, red is associated with power, control, and strength.
在西方文化中, 红色与权力、控制和力量联系在一起。
【词块积累】
(1)association with. . . 　 与……的交往/联系
in association with. . . 与……联系; 与……联合
(2)associate v. 联想; 联系, 使关联
associate with. . . 联合; 与……联系在一起
(3)associated adj. 关联的; 联系的
be associated with. . . 与……有联系的
【知识延伸】
表示“与……有联系”的动词短语还有be connected with, be related to, have a link with等。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①The __________ (associate)was formed to represent the interests of women artists.
②Dogs were also _________(associate) with healing in the ancient world.
(2)Mother warned the boys __________________bad companions.
母亲告诫孩子们别和坏人交往。
association
associated
not to associate with
3. quantity n. 数量; 数额
*Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
专家说, 表扬的质量比表扬的数量更重要。
*If all people cut down on food waste, a large quantity of food can be saved and more people will be fed.
如果所有的人都减少食物浪费, 大量的食物可以被节省, 更多的人将被养活。
*I hear quantities of money have been collected for the earthquake-hit area.
我听说已经为地震灾区筹集了大量的资金。
【词块积累】
a large/small quantity of　　 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity 大量地
【名师点津】含quantity的短语作主语, 谓语动词如何用
　　含quantity的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。a large quantity of和large quantities of 既可以修饰可数名词, 也可以修饰不可数名词。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)A large quantity of money ________________(collect) to help those suffering
from the floods.
(2)In the first place, vehicles send out large quantities of poisonous gases which ___
(be) a major source of air pollution.
(3)_________ (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas
from Shandong.
has been collected
are
Quantities
4. fundamental adj. 根本的; 基础的; 基本的
*Hard work is fundamental to success.
努力工作是成功的基础。
*Fundamentally, there are two different approaches to the problem.
从根本上说, 这个问题有两种不同的处理方法。
【词块积累】
(1)be fundamental to　　　 对……很重要
fundamental change 根本改变; 根本变化
fundamental principle 根本原则; 基本原理
(2)fundamentally adv. 根本地, 从根本上
(3)fundamental n. 基本规律, 根本法则
【易混辨析】
fundamental 书面用词, 指作为基础、根本的抽象事物
basic 普通用词, 指明确、具体的基础或起点
essential 语气比basic和fundamental强, 强调必不可少
vital 侧重指维持生命、活力必不可少的, 或生死攸关的
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)He believes better relations with China are fundamental __ the well-being of the
area.
(2)Only through these measures could noise problem be solved
_____________(fundamental).
fundamentally
to
【补偿训练】
选词填空(fundamental, basic, vital, essential)
(1)For the experiment to be valid, it is ________ to record the data accurately.
(2)It is ____ to get medical supplies to the area as soon as possible.
(3)Moderate exercise is ___________ to good health.
(4)The crisis has led to price rises in _____ foodstuffs, such as meat, cheese and
sugar.
essential
vital
fundamental
basic
5. consistent adj. 一致的; 连续的
*Under it’s consistent pull, bite and push, the wire fence was finally torn open with
loud noises.
在它不断的拉、咬、推下, 铁丝栅栏终于在巨大的噪音中被撕开了。
*We need to be consistent in our approach.
我们必须在方法上保持一致。
*New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
新目标并不总是与现行政策一致。
*He consistently matches his words with his action.
他总是言行一致。
【词块积累】
(1)be consistent in 　　 在……一致
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
(2)consistently adv. 一贯地; 一致地
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①His action is always consistent ____ his words.
②Whatever method you choose, you must ___________(consistent) stick with it.
(2)It is our _________ position to support the political solution to the conflict in the
country.
支持政治解决该国的冲突是我们的一贯立场。
with
consistently
consistent
6. regardless of 不管; 不顾
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.
李叔叔不顾感染的危险, 对工作负责, 尽心尽力。
*He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequences.
他说干就干了, 没有考虑后果。
【词块积累】
(1)regardless of+从句　　 不管……, 不顾……, 强调不认为……重要, 从而不加以重视或考虑
(2)despite=in spite of 尽管; 不管; 虽然(后常接名词, 不接从句)
(3)with regard to 关于; 至于
(4)best regards 最好的祝福(用于书信结尾)
【名师点津】
regardless of与despite意义相近, 但后者是介词, 无需再接of, 可以直接接宾语。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①She is determined to do it regardless __ all consequences.
②Dr. Bethune continued working in spite of _______ (cut) his hand during an
operation.
(2) _____________my favorite Chinese poet, I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you.
至于我最喜欢的中国诗人, 我想向你介绍杜甫。
of
cutting
With regard to
7. rather than 而不是
*Rather than scolding me, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.
他没有责骂我, 反而称赞我的诚实, 然后鼓励我向邻居道歉。
*I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet.
我宁愿关掉电视, 也不愿关掉手机或切断网络。
【词块积累】
would do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做……, 也不愿做……
other than　　　 不同于; 除了……外
or rather 更确切地说
more than 多于; 不仅仅; 非常
【名师点津】
　　rather than用来连接两个对等成分。当其连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
【小词汇·大文化】
Achievements are reached by hard work rather than recreation. Actions are done after thorough consideration rather than casual decision.
业精于勤荒于嬉, 行成于思毁于随。
(出自韩愈的《进学解》, 意为“学业由于勤奋而精通, 但它却能荒废在游戏玩耍中。事情由于反复思考而成功, 但它却能毁灭于不经大脑的随性。”)
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①It means we would try hard to live a rich life rather ____ give up easily.
②I feel it is you rather than the boy who ___ (be) to blame for being late for the
speech.
③She worked as a secretary, __ rather, a personal assistant.
(2)重要的是你做什么, 而不是你说什么。(rather than)
译: ________________________________________________
than
are
or
It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
8. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. 美国心脏协会建议, 每天从糖中摄取的热量应控制在100-150卡路里以内, 这比一听甜饮料或一块糖果所含的热量要少。
【句式解构】
　　recommend +宾语从句(从句谓语用动词原形或should +动词原形)。另外,
常用的句式还有: It is/It’s recommended that sb. (should) do sth. 表示“建
议……(做某事)”。
*Could you recommend a teacher to us
你能给我们推荐一位老师吗
*I recommend that you talk about the courses on traditional Chinese culture you’ve
attended.
我建议你谈谈你参加过的有关中国传统文化的课程。
【名师点津】
(1)这类动词常见的有: 一个坚持 insist, 两个命令command order, 三个建议
advise suggest propose, 四个要求demand require request urge等。
(2)当insist表示“坚持认为; 坚持说”; suggest表示“暗示, 表明”时, 后面宾语从句的
谓语不用should+动词原形。例如:
①The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong.
这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错。
②The girl’s pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she (should)go
to see the doctor at once.
这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了, 我建议她马上去看医生。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Can you recommend __ me a good dictionary
②He recommended _______ (read) the book before seeing the movie.
(2)句型转换
He recommended us to read the novel.
=He recommended ___________________the novel.
to
reading
that we (should) read
(3)Some are already ______________________________________(推荐中国传统
服装) for the welcome ceremony.
(4) ______________________________________(建议你上网) for related
information about the origin of traditional Chinese musical instruments before you
attend the lecture.
recommending the traditional Chinese dress
It’s recommended that you surf the Internet
【要点拾遗】
1. overall adv. 总体上; 大致上
adj. 全面的; 综合的; 一切在内的
*(2020·江苏高考) For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has
been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on
in China.
一方面, 过去几十年的全面发展如此引人注目, 以至于他们渴望熟悉中国正在发
生的事情。
*Overall, the prices are still rising.
大体上看来, 价格仍在上涨。
【词块积累】
in general　　 通常; 一般地
as a whole 整个地; 作为一个整体
【即学活用】
(1)Tencent will provide ______________________(全面的技术支持), platform
R&D and cloud services for the Canton Fair.
(2)Another problem is that, _________(在一般情况下), the quality of employers is
lower than on recruiting platforms such as Zhaopin, a leading human resources
services provider.
(3)By doing so, China gained even more trust of not only those countries but also the
international community as a ______(整个).
(4)这个屋子的总面积是80平方米。
译: __________________________________________________
overall technical support
in general
whole
The overall measurement of this room is 80 square meters.
2. trick n. 诡计; 计谋; 把戏; 恶作剧; 窍门vt. 欺骗; 诈骗
*The boys hid Jon’s bike to play a trick on him.
男孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。
*It’s a tradition to play tricks on others on April Fool’s Day.
在愚人节那天捉弄别人是一个传统。
*After being tricked once, one should learn from one’s mistakes and avoid being tricked again.
上当一次以后, 要从错误中吸取教训, 避免再次上当。
【词块积累】
play a trick on sb. =play tricks on sb.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 捉弄某人
avoid being tricked 避免上当/受骗
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
【知识延伸】
表示“捉弄, 开玩笑”的其他表达: play a joke on sb. , play jokes on sb. , make fun of sb. , tease/ laugh at sb. 等。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①He played a trick ___ her by jumping out from behind a wall as she passed.
②Do you have _____ (trick) for keeping the sweat and sunscreen out of your eyes
(2)I can’t believe that I ______________________she was my friend. 我简直不敢
相信我被骗了, 会认为她是我的朋友。
on
tricks
was tricked into thinking
3. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions
about your diet.
你可以决定你想要怎样生活, 并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。
【句式解构】
　　It is/was up to sb. to do sth. 意为“该由某人做某事; 取决于某人”, up后的to
是介词。相当于 It is/was sb. ‘s duty to do sth. 。例如:
*It is up to him to clean our classroom today.
今天应由他打扫我们的教室。
*It is up to parents to teach their children manners.
该由父母教孩子礼仪。
【即学活用】
(1) ______________________the time and the route of their journey. 时间和行程由
他们决定。
(2) _____________________me how to do my job.
用不着你来告诉我怎样做我自己的工作。
It is up to them to decide
It is not up to you to tell
写一篇关于健康饮食的文章
【文体感知】
　　饮食话题因其与健康的生活方式息息相关而显得尤为重要, 食物的营养、食物的平衡、 食物的有机生产与污染、食物的制作方法与食用习惯、食物与传统文化的关系、饮食与健康等, 都是有关食物的常见话题。根据写作要求和目的的不同, 一篇文章一般从一个角度写, 突出重点, 不宜面面俱到。
读写结合 表达升级
【典题演练】
　　人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文, 就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右。2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
【谋篇布局】
【遣词造句】
·完成句子
1. 健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
___________________are very important for our health.
2. 我们应该每天吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
We should _________________________every day, as they supply vitamins to
us.
3. 早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
____________________________________is also beneficial.
Healthy eating habits
eat fresh vegetables and fruit
A glass of milk in the morning or at night
4. 我们应该注重均衡饮食, 它保证我们必要的营养。
We should _____________________and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
5. 垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手, 所以我们应该远离它。
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so ________________________.
6. 不吃早餐是一个很坏的习惯, 这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
__________________to skip breakfast, which does great harm to our health.
7. 我们应该吃健康的食物, 保持精力充沛。
We should eat healthy food to _____________________.
focus on a balanced diet
we should stay away from it
It is a very bad habit
keep ourselves energetic
·句式升级
8. 用定语从句改写句4。
__________________________________________________________________
9. 用动名词短语作主语改写句6。
__________________________________________________________________
We should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutrients.
Skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our health.
【完美成篇】
　　Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. But how can we form a
healthy eating habit
In my opinion, we should eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day, as they
supply vitamins to us. A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial.
Besides, we should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary
nutrients.
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so we should stay away from it.
What’s more, skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our
health.
All in all, we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题词汇
(1)diet　　　　　　 饮食
(2)balanced 平衡的
(3)junk food 垃圾食品
(4)tasty 美味的
(5)authentic 正宗的
(6)organic 有机的
(7)intake 摄入
(8)dairy products 奶制品
(9)nutritious 有营养的
(10)frozen food 冷冻食品
(11)recipe 食谱
(12)low-calorie 低热量的
(13)appetizer 开胃点心
(14)main course 主菜
(15)side dish 配菜
(16)dessert 餐后甜食
(17)snack 小吃
(18)delicious 美味的
(19)hot 辣的
(20)stir fry 煸炒
(21)steaming 清蒸
2. 话题句式
(1)How would you like your steak
你的牛排要几分熟
(2)I don’t eat junk food anymore. I’d like to try some healthy foods.
我再也不吃垃圾食品了, 我想吃一些健康的食物。
(3)In my opinion, we should develop good healthy eating habits. 在我看来, 我们应该养成良好的健康饮食习惯。
(4)An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一个苹果, 疾病远离我。
(5)Some soup before dinner, healthy body forever.
饭前喝口汤, 永远没灾殃。
(6)Diet cures more than doctors.
自己饮食有节, 胜过上门求医。
(7)Eat at pleasure. drink with measure. 随意吃饭, 适度饮酒。
(8)Too much fatty food makes me sick. 吃太多的油腻食物让我恶心。
(9)My favorite food is apples.
我最喜欢吃苹果。
(10)Is the meat fresh enough
肉新鲜吗
(11)Help me peel these potatoes please. 请帮我把土豆削皮。
(12)Add some soy sauce. 加点酱油。
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
·点菜常用语
1. May I have a menu, please 请给我菜单。
2. May I order, please 我可以点餐了吗
3. Do you have a menu in Chinese 你们有中文菜单吗
4. What is the specialty of the house 餐厅的招牌菜是什么
5. Would you like something to drink before dinner
在用晚餐前你想喝些什么吗
主题活动 话题实践
6. Can I have the same dish as that
我可以点与那份相同的餐吗
7. Do you have today’s special 你们有今日特餐吗
8. I’d like appetizers and meat (fish) dish.
我想要一份开胃菜与排餐(鱼餐)。
9. I have to avoid food containing fat (salt/sugar).
我必须避免含油脂(盐分/糖分)的食物。
10. Do you have vegetarian dishes 你们是否供应素食餐
11. Could you recommend some good wine
你是否可以推荐一些不错的酒
·餐馆服务员迎客用语
1. Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起, 让您久等了。
2. Have you booked a table 您预订餐桌了吗
3. Have you made a reservation 您预订了吗
4. Smoking or non-smoking 吸烟区还是非烟区
5. Would you like something to drink 您想喝点东西吗
6. Would you like to see the menu 您要看菜单吗
7. Are you ready to order 您现在要点餐吗
8. OK, I’ll be back with your order. 好的, 我这就把您点的菜拿来。
9. What would you like to drink 您想喝点什么
10. Would you like coffee or tea 您要咖啡还是茶
11. Would you mind sitting over there in the corner
您介意坐在那边的角落里吗
12. Please enjoy your lunch(dinner). 祝您午餐(晚餐)愉快。
13. Here you are. Please pay the bill at the cashier’s desk.
这是账单, 请到收银台结账。
Ⅱ. 话题情境交流
下面是一段餐馆里的对话, 请根据语境补全对话。
A: 1. _____________(你准备好) to order now, madam
B: Yes, please. I’d like the steak and mushrooms.
A: 2. _________________(你想要) your steak, rare, medium, or well-done
B: I’d like it well-done, please.
A: What kind of potatoes would you like to 3. _______(搭配) that, mashed, boiled, or
baked
Are you ready
How would you like
go with
B: I think I’ll have baked potatoes. And I 4. _______________(还想要) an ice tea
with lemon on the side, please.
A: Good, and would you care for soup or salad to 5. _________(开始)
B: I’d like cream onion soup please.
A: Will you have some dessert, madam
B: I want to skip dessert. That’s all, thank you.
A: OK, I’ll be with you 6. ___________(稍等片刻).
also want to have
start with
in a moment
Pride and Prejudice(excerpt)
　　It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a
good fortune must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first
entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding
families, that he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of their
daughters.
“My dear Mr Bennet, ” said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that
Netherfield Park is let at last ”
名著悦读 素养培优
Mr Bennet replied that he had not.
“But it is, ” returned she, “ for Mrs Long has just been here, and she told me all about it. ”
Mr Bennet made no answer.
“Do not you want to know who has taken it ” cried his wife impatiently.
“You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it. ”
This was invitation enough.
“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise(马车) and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week. ”
“What is his name ”
“Bingley. ”
“Is he married or single ”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! ”
“How so How can it affect them ”
“My dear Mr Bennet, ” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. ”
“Is that his design in settling here ”
“Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes. ”
“I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better; for as you are as beautiful as any of them, Mr Bingley might like you the best of the party. ”
“My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty. ”
“In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of. ”
“But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood. ”
“It is more than I engage for, I assure you. ”
“But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general, you know they visit no new comers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him, if you do not. ”
“You are overscrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr Bingley will be very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying which-ever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy. ”
【导语】 《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀(Jane Austen)的经典作品。该小说主要描写了男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白之间的爱情故事。小说以男女主人公因傲慢和偏见而产生的爱情纠葛为故事线索, 共写了四起姻缘, 生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。
【词海拾贝】
1. acknowledge 　　 v. 承认
2. property n. 财产, 所有权
3. servant n. 仆人
4. tiresome adj. 无聊的, 烦人的
5. extraordinary adj. 非凡的, 特别的
6. engage for 保证
7. assure v. 保证, 担保
8. consent v. &n. 同意, 准许
1. (语言能力)What does the word “flatter” mean in the passage
A. Laugh on purpose.
B. Praise dishonestly.
2. (思维品质)Why was Mrs Bennet happy about the coming of Bingley
______________________________________________________
Because she was thinking of his marrying one of her daughters.
3. (思维品质)Why did Mrs Bennet say Sir William and Lady Lucas were also
determined to visit Bingley
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________
4. (文化意识)What can you learn from what Mrs Bennet did
__________________________________________
读后感悟: __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
They never visited new comers, but Bingley was a very rich man, so they
decided to visit him for their own purposes.
In the capitalist society money means everything.
译文:
《傲慢与偏见》(节选)
凡是有钱的单身汉, 总想娶位太太, 这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。
这样的单身汉, 每逢新搬到一个地方, 四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何、见解如何, 可是, 既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心中根深蒂固, 人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。
有一天班纳特太太对她的丈夫说: “我的好老爷, 尼日斐庭院终于租出去了, 你听说过没有 ”
班纳特先生回答, 他没有听说过。
“的确租出去了, ”她说, “朗格太太刚刚上这里来过, 她把这件事的底细, 一五一十地告诉了我。”
班纳特先生没有理睬她。
“你难道不想知道是谁租去的吗 ”太太不耐烦地嚷起来了。
“既然你要说给我听, 我听听也无妨。”
这句话足够鼓励她讲下去了。
“哦, 亲爱的, 你得知道, 朗格太太说, 租尼日斐庭院的是个阔少爷, 他是英格兰北部的人。听说星期一那天, 他乘着一辆四匹马拉的车来看房子, 看得非常中意, 当场就和莫理斯先生谈妥了。他要在米迦勒节以前搬进来, 打算下个周末先叫几个佣人来住。”
“这个人叫什么名字 ”
“彬格莱。”
“有太太呢, 还是单身汉 ”
“噢! 是个单身汉, 亲爱的, 确确实实是个单身汉! 一个有钱的单身汉; 每年有四五千镑的收入。真是女儿们的福气! ”
“这怎么说 关女儿们什么事 ”
“我的好老爷, ”太太回答道: “你怎么这样叫人讨厌! 告诉你吧, 我正在盘算, 他要是挑中我们的一个女儿做老婆, 可多好! ”
“他住到这里来, 就是为了这个打算吗 ”
“打算! 胡扯, 这是哪儿的话! 不过, 他倒很可能看中我们的某一个女儿呢。因此, 他一搬来, 你就得去拜访拜访他。”
“我不用去。你带着女儿们去就得了, 要不你干脆打发她们自己去, 那或许倒更好些, 因为你跟女儿们比起来, 她们哪一个都不能胜过你的美貌, 你去了, 彬格莱先生倒可能挑中你呢。”
“我的好老爷, 你太捧我啦。从前也的确有人赞赏过我的美貌, 现在我可不敢说有什么出众的地方了。当一个女人有了五个成年的女儿时, 她就不该对自己的美貌再有什么念头。”
“这样看来, 一个女人对自己的美貌也没有多少念头喽。”
“不过, 我的好老爷, 彬格莱一搬到我们的邻近来, 你的确应该去看看他。”
“老实跟你说吧, 这不是我分内的事。”
“看在女儿的份上吧。只请你想一想, 她们不论哪一个, 要是攀上了这样一
个人家, 该多么好。威廉先生和卢卡斯女士已经决定去拜访他, 他们也无非是这
个用意。你知道, 他们通常是不会拜访新搬来的邻居的。你的确应该去一次, 要
是你不去, 叫我们怎么去。”
“你实在过分谨慎啦。彬格莱先生一定高兴看到你的; 我可以写封信给你带
去, 就说随便他挑中我哪一个女儿, 我都心甘情愿地答应他把她娶过去; 不过, 我
得特别替小莉兹吹嘘几句。”(共54张PPT)
单元素养提升(三) Unit 3
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The witness’s story is consistent ____the police report.
2. We’re 100 percent Chinese restaurant with Chinese stuffs and _____(chef).
3. The fire _____________(consume) half the forest away before it was stopped.
4. The __________(associate) has contributed a sum of money to the Red Cross.
5. However, raw fruit and vegetables, and meat, demand more ________(chew).
6. Due to weak demand, a large quantity of apples _____(be) left to rot in the fields.
with
chefs
had consumed
association
chewing
were
7. She took out a sack of homemade cookies ______(stuff) with dates and nuts and
offered them to us.
8. The environment is clean and _______(elegance), not to mention its high-quality
dishes as well as its top services.
9. Only by these robots will we witness and experience an __________(exception)
comforting life.
10. Radio waves, on the other hand, are _____________(fundamental) different
from sound waves.
stuffed
elegant
exceptional
fundamentally
Ⅱ. 同义替换(用本单元的短语替换加黑部分)
1. Sixty students from all over the country form (=________) our class.
2. Briefly (=_______________), some of these micronutrients are needed to maintain
a healthy plant.
3. You should reduce (=___________) the amount of gas you use by taking public
transportation.
4. Besides(=__________), they hunted wild cattle, pigs and horses and made use of
many wild plants.
make up
Put more simply
cut down on
In addition
5. Selflessness and helping others are often closely related (=______________)
anyway.
6. He insisted on trying, paying no attention to (=___________)the possible grave
consequences.
7. If a person places money before (=_______)anything else, it’s very likely that he
could not enjoy the happiness in life.
8. You don’t know (=___________)what I’ve had to go through during the last few
months.
go hand in hand
regardless of·
prior to
have no idea
9. The computer was used in teaching. Consequently (=_____________________),
not only was teacher’s energy saved, but students became more interested in the
lessons.
10. All animals and plants are important, because each species benefits
(=____________) the variety of life forms on the Earth.
As a result/consequence
contributes to
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Her son used sign language to ____________________.
她的儿子用手语告诉她发生了什么事。
2. He is reading a book, _____________the new technology AI.
他正在读一本书, 它是关于新技术人工智能的书。
3. They _______________________before we arrived at the hotel.
我们到达旅馆之前, 他们已经吃过早饭了。
4. ________________________with my father on Sundays.
星期天和爸爸一起去钓鱼真是太好了。
tell her what happened
which is about
had already had breakfast
It is wonderful to go fishing
5. His English teacher recommends __________________________________.
他的英语老师建议他开始正规的学位课程。
that he begin a regular degree program
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·嘉兴高二检测)
Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria, held on to so many of her family’s traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.
　　To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian, and our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food — Italian food — is an important part of our lives.
　　My mom Gina grew up on a farm where the fruits of their labor directly turned into the food on the table, and wasting any of it was unacceptable. Every day was “Thanksgiving” because times were tough, so food — and how it found its way onto the table ——was a holy matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.
　　So, when I take a perfect little arancini(意大利饭团)out of the hot oil. I am immediately transported back to my childhood: I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of the food. This small snack symbolizes so many important tenements(经济公寓)in my life about my heritage(传承)through food.
　　Heritage food is Sunday dinner with the family. When we preserve and recreate dishes like that, we feel a sense of pride and also a sense of continuity. Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it’s the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren. Heritage food is food that makes you feel safe and protected wherever and whenever you eat it.
　　Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continues to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy, allow her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的母亲是一个意大利移民, 尽管在美国生活, 但她仍坚持着很多意大利人的家庭传统, 作者认识到家庭传统食物能够让爱延续。
1. What can we know about the author’s mom
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She refuses to learn to speak English.
C. She thinks her life in the U. S. special.
D. She values her family’s traditions a lot.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段(我的母亲吉娜是来自卡拉布里亚的移民, 她坚持着很多家庭传统, 以至于有时候, 尽管住在美国, 但我感觉我们家就像一个意大利家庭)可知, 作者的母亲非常重视家庭传统, 故D项正确。
2. What does the author imply by mentioning “Thanksgiving” in Paragraph 3
A. She enjoyed the food her mother cooked.
B. This holiday was very important for her mother.
C. Her family treasured the food that didn’t come easily.
D. The food was delivered to her family on Thanksgiving.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, 每一天都是感恩节, 因为日子不好过, 所以餐桌上的食物是非常神圣的东西, 母亲在厨房里教给我的最重要的一课就是充分利用手里的每一样食材, 不要浪费食物, 由此可知, 作者提到感恩节是为了表明她的家人珍惜来之不易的食物, 故C项正确。
3. What does the author think of heritage food
A. It is becoming popular among American families.
B. It passes on family love from generation to generation.
C. It offers a sense of safety when one lives in America.
D. It reminds parents to take good care of their children.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 家庭传统食物是我们从父母和祖父母那里得到的爱, 也是我们传给子孙后代的爱, 由此可知, 作者认为家庭传统食物让家庭的爱代代相传, 故B项正确。
B
(2021·雅安高二检测)
Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now some states and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well. California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆肥).
　　Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, tea bags, and eggshells. Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted. Meat, fish, and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.
　　According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills, and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients (营养物). When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields, it helps crops grow.
　　Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. “Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking. ” Renee Crowley, a project manager at the Lower East Side Ecology Center in New York City, told TFK.
　　Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine for people who put it into regular garbage.
　　Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly. In addition, it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don’t have access to outside storage bins. Patti Ferguson from Orange County, California, told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国一些州通过法律让市民们循环利用食物垃圾。食物堆制的肥料可以减少垃圾, 保留营养成分、帮助庄稼或花园植物成长。当然也有反对的声音, 认为在室内摆放装有食物垃圾的容器有异味。
4. What do we know about composting from the text
A. Leaves can’t be reused.
B. Not all food waste can be composted.
C. It is cheap to compost food waste.
D. It is usually processed in empty landfills.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段可知可以堆肥的食物垃圾包括水果和蔬菜皮、咖啡渣、茶包和蛋壳。花园的废弃物, 如茎和叶, 也可以制成堆肥。肉类、鱼类和奶制品的食物垃圾不能被回收利用。由此可知, 不是所有的食物垃圾都可以堆肥。故选B。
5. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Benefits of recycling food waste.
B. Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil.
C. Ways of reducing the amount of trash.
D. Examples of different useful nutrients.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第三段可知根据环保组织的说法, 堆肥减少了进入垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量, 而且堆肥的垃圾含有多种营养成分。当堆肥被添加到花园和田野的土壤中, 它有助于农作物生长。由此可知, 第三段主要讲了回收食物垃圾的好处。故选A。
6. In Seattle, throwing food waste into garbage is 　　　.
A. acceptable　　　　　　　B. shameful
C. required D. illegal
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中最后一句可知把食物垃圾倒进普通垃圾箱的人会被罚款。故选D。
7. What’s Patti Ferguson’s attitude towards food-recycling laws probably
A. Thankful. B. Negative.
C. Uncaring. D. Supportive.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知那些反对食品回收法的人说, 堆肥过程是昂贵的。此外, 居住在公寓里的人很难储存他们的垃圾, 因为他们无法使用室外的垃圾箱。来自加州奥兰治县的Patti Ferguson告诉当地报纸, 她认为装食物垃圾的室内容器会发臭。由此可推知, Patti Ferguson对食品回收法律持消极态度。故选B。
Ⅴ. 阅读填句
(2021·烟台高二检测)
Just thinking about your favorite food probably makes you hungry, right Food provides us with the energy we need to live. 　1　 For some people, food is a tool to deal with emotional problems. However, you may overeat when you’re feeling stressed, sad or worried, which will do harm to your health.
　　Have you ever wondered why you reach for food when you’re feeling down
　2　 They include cultural rules and mental problems. Many people overeat when they are trying to deal with feelings.
　　　3　 After a while, though, overeating may lead to feelings of regret. It may even worsen the negative feelings it was meant to remove. You may gain weight and meet with body image problems, leading to a cycle of more emotional eating.
　　Emotional eating may even lead to overeating disorder. 　4　 You may feel completely out of control and unable to stop eating. You may eat much more rapidly than normal and eat until the point of feeling uncomfortably full.
　　Although stopping overeating can be challenging, it is certainly not impossible. It is important to look for medical help if it becomes overeating disorder. If you’re upset and longing for food, try to distract your attention. 　5　
A. Then you will get rid of overeating.
B. There are many factors to explain it.
C. Eating may help reduce stress or worry at first.
D. Beyond that, food can be a big source of pleasure.
E. And overeating may satisfy your eagerness for food.
F. This disorder involves eating very large amounts of food.
G. Go outside for a quick walk, read a book or do some housework.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食物除了让我们吃饱, 还可以帮助我们调节低落的情绪。暴饮暴食虽然能让我们高兴, 但之后会让人后悔, 长期情绪化进食可能引起饮食紊乱。
1. 【解析】选D。下文(对于一些人来说, 食物是解决情绪问题的工具)与D项承接自然, 因为食物是快乐的源泉, 所以对于一些人来说可以用来解决情绪问题, 故选D。
2. 【解析】选B。上文(你想过为什么你情绪低落时想吃东西吗)空格后的cultural rules和mental problems就是其中两方面因素。前后与B项承接自然, 选项中的it就指代上文的you reach for food when you’re feeling down, 故选B。
3. 【解析】选C。下文(然而, 一会儿之后, 过度饮食会导致后悔感)与C项承接自然, After a while和at first是关键词, 故选C。
4. 【解析】选F。上文(情绪化进食可能导致暴饮暴食)与F项承接自然, 上下文话题一致, disorder是关键词, 故选F。
5. 【解析】选G。上文(如果你心情不好想吃东西, 试着分散你的注意力)与G项承接自然, 选项中所列举的事情可以让人分散对吃的注意力, 故选G。
Ⅵ. 完形填空
(2021·沈阳高二检测)
I am a teacher at a private school. One day I was 　1　 when the heel of my shoe broke. 　2　, I had to go to a store to get a new 　3　 and get back to the rest of my work. I 　4　 to go to Walmart, since it has cheap shoes there. But 　5　 I had only $10 in cash in my pocket.
　　I was pulled to shop at Payless instead which had a BOGO event going on. You buy one pair and you may get 50% off the second. I tried on many pairs before I found the　 6　 shoes, but it was marked at $25. I took a look at my purse and saw a credit card. I was 　7　 to find out that there was a credit of $48 left.
　　Just then, I noticed a poor and elderly couple and heard they were looking for the wife’s shoes as her　 8　 gift. She tried on many pairs. I asked her what size of shoes she 　9　, and we happened to be the same. I 　10　 her the shoes I was trying on and let her try them on. And they 　11　 her perfectly. I told her that she could 　12　 them and then I would look for a different pair. When I found another pair of shoes, I noticed that the couple were counting change. Walking up to the woman without thinking, I took her shoes to the checkout counter and 　13　 for both the pairs. I turned around and 　14　 her the pair, then said “Happy Birthday! ” and left quickly to get back to 　15　.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有一天作者在教书的时候, 她的鞋跟坏了。于是, 她去商店买鞋。尽管她自己并不富裕, 但是她还是慷慨地帮助了一对贫困的夫妇。
1. A. shopping　B. reading　　C. teaching　D. cooking
【解析】选C。句意: 有一天我在教书的时候, 我的鞋跟坏了。根据上文“I am a teacher at a private school. ”及下文“get back to the rest of my work”可知, 此处指我正在教书。故选C。
2. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise
【解析】选B。句意: 因此, 我不得不去商店买一双新的, 然后继续我的工作。上下文是因果关系, 因此用therefore。故选B。
3. A. size B. style C. color D. pair
【解析】选D。根据上文“the heel of my shoe broke”可知, 我的鞋跟坏了, 因此我去商店买一双新鞋。故选D。
4. A. hesitated B. managed
C. hated D. decided
【解析】选D。句意: 我决定去沃尔玛, 因为那里有便宜的鞋子。根据下文“since it has cheap shoes there”可知, 我决定去买便宜的鞋子。故选D。
5. A. clearly B. gradually
C. unfortunately D. honestly
【解析】选C。根据空后“I had only $10 in cash in my pocket”可知, 不幸的是, 我口袋里只有10美元现金。故选C。
6. A. cheap B. perfect C. new D. familiar
【解析】选B。根据上文“I tried on many pairs before”可知, 我试了很多双才找到完美的鞋子。故选B。
7. A. happy B. disappointed
C. grateful D. anxious
【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 我口袋里的钱不够买最便宜的鞋, 现在发现还有48美元的信用卡余额, 因此很高兴。故选A。
8. A. birthday B. Christmas
C. Thanksgiving D. wedding
【解析】选A。根据下文“I turned around and 　　　her the pair, then said ‘Happy Birthday! ‘”可知, 一对贫穷的老夫妇正在为妻子寻找鞋子作为生日礼物。故选A。
9. A. liked B. wore C. brought D. preferred
【解析】选B。句意: 我问她穿多大的鞋, 我们碰巧是一样的。根据空前“what size of shoes”可知, 此处指问她穿多大的鞋。故选B。
10. A. lent B. sent C. showed D. owed
【解析】选C。句意: 我给她看我试穿的鞋子, 让她试穿。根据空后“the shoes I was trying on and let her try them on”可知, 我给她看我试穿的鞋子, 让她试穿。故选C。
11. A. served B. treated C. knew D. fitted
【解析】选D。句意: 它们非常适合她。根据上文可知, 我试了很多双才找到完美的鞋子, 我们穿的鞋子大小碰巧是一样的, 因此这双鞋非常适合她。故选D。
12. A. buy B. try C. donate D. change
【解析】选A。句意: 我告诉她, 她可以买, 然后我再找一双不同的。根据下文“then I would look for a different pair. ”可知, 我让他们买这双鞋, 自己再找一双。故选A。
13. A. paid B. allowed C. provided D. applied
【解析】选A。句意: 我不假思索地走向那位女士, 把她的鞋子拿到收银台, 为两双鞋都付了款。根据空前“I took her shoes to the checkout counter”可知, 我为两双鞋都付了款。故选A。
14. A. sold B. gave C. threw D. awarded
【解析】选B。根据上文可知, 我为两双鞋都付了款, 我把一双鞋给了那位女士。故选B。
15. A. hospital B. church C. work D. college
【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 我买完鞋, 迅速离开回去继续工作了。故选C。
Ⅶ. 读后续写
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　We went to Darjelling during the summer holidays and booked a cottage (农舍) for our stay. Our cook Gopi came with us because we could not do without home-cooked meals.
Usually all the shopping was done by our home help—Bharat, who had accompanied (陪伴) us to our holiday destination. However, one early evening, my mother decided to do all the vegetable shopping by herself. She believed that Bharat did not wait to check the really fresh items and instead, bought some things randomly(随便地) in a hurry. As a result, the vegetables he brought back were not fresh.
After getting ready, she took her favourite purse(钱包) with quite an amount of money, thinking she could go to other shops too after finishing at the vegetable market. My mother asked Bharat to get a rickshaw for her and on reaching the market, she asked the rickshaw wallah (人力车车夫) to wait for her. She took a coolie(小工) and did her shopping happily, choosing some of the freshest green vegetables available there. At last, her shopping was done. She returned to the rickshaw and sat on it while the coolie put all the things my mother had bought onto the rickshaw.
On reaching home, Bharat took all the packets of vegetables inside and my mother quickly paid the rickshaw wallah and got off, forgetting to collect her purse from the seat of the rickshaw. The rickshaw wallah left soon after saying goodbye to my mother. All of us greeted my mother and asked her about her evening of shopping with much delight.
Then we began to help my mother prepare our dinner. My father came to help chop the meat; I helped wash the vegetables; we were talking and laughing. When dinner was about to be announced, it was late in the evening, almost 9 pm.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Then my mom realized her purse was missing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　We were just about to begin eating when the door bell rang.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Then my mom realized her purse was missing. She looked everywhere for it and suddenly remembered that after paying the rickshaw wallah, she kept the purse on the seat before getting off. She had forgotten to pick up her purse which contained a lot of money. When my father came to know about this, he said that it was too late to look for the rickshaw wallah. We all decided that it was better to forget it. Mom felt sad and worried while sitting for dinner.
　　We were just about to begin eating when the door bell rang. Bharat opened the door and called my mother to see who it was. To our surprise, it was the poor rickshaw wallah standing at our entrance with a big smile on his weather-beaten face. He had the purse in his hand. He explained that he had returned to the market before he realized what had happened. When my mother opened her purse, she found all the cash in it. We wanted to reward the lovely man but he smiled and said, “Madam, I’m poor but not a thief” and went away quickly.
读后续写
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　It was raining pretty hard on Halloween, but that wasn’t going to stop my little sister Kate and me from trick-or-treating. We decided to start at Miss Parson’s house. Miss Parson was loved by us kids who lived nearby because she often shared her self-made cookies with us. We usually finished them in a second, especially when we were hungry after class.
Sometimes, when we visited her or did something for her, she always gave us a surprise.
　　Kate and I wondered what kinds of treats she’d offer. As we walked down the street, I held an umbrella, a bag for candy, and my sister’s hand. Jack-o’-lanterns gave soft light along the street. Spider webs hung in all the windows. Parents who were dressed up like monsters(怪物) stood in doorways. After we had walked a few blocks, we were wet from head to toes, and I felt Kate was trembling with cold.
　　There was a light on at Miss Parson’s house, but there were no ghosts, goblins(小妖精), or Jack-o’-lanterns. We climbed up the steps and saw Miss Parson through a window. She was drinking a cup of hot tea.
　　“Maybe she doesn’t celebrate Halloween, ” Kate said with a sigh, disappointedly.
　　“Well, even if she doesn’t, she usually likes it when we visit her, ” I said and knocked on the door.
　　Miss Parson seemed surprised when she opened the door and saw our dressing. “Is today Halloween ” she asked, “I completely forgot. I am so sorry! ”
注意: 续写的词数应为150左右。
　　Miss Parson rushed us into her house.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　The next morning, a hot and sweet discussion about Miss Parson and Halloween spread among us kids.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Miss Parson rushed us into her house. “It’s cold out there, ” she said. My sister’s face was shining from the rain and Miss Parson dried her cheeks. “Thank you, ” Kate said. “Trick or treat ”“Oh, right! Treats, ” said Miss Parson. Then she disappeared for a moment and came back with a big smile on her face. “Open those bags wide, ” she said. She dropped two boxes of cocoa (可可) into our bags. “Winter is just around the corner, ”she said, “some hot cocoa will keep you warm. ”“Thank you, ” we both said. “Happy Halloween! ”
　　The next morning, a hot and sweet discussion about Miss Parson and Halloween spread among us kids. We told Mom about how Miss Parson had forgotten Halloween and about what she had given to us and the other kids. “It sounds as if nobody was very upset, even though she forgot Halloween, ” said Mom. “No, we were happy, ” I said. “Although she didn’t give us candy, it was kind of fun for us all to get something different for a change. I hope it will become a Halloween tradition to give out unusual treats. ”(共12张PPT)
Unit 3　Food and Culture
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
【导语】《健康食物之歌》以歌曲的形式提醒人们不吃或少吃不健康的食物, 鼓励人们多吃健康食物。歌曲中涉及多种不健康和健康的食物, 大家可以欣赏!
注: 听音填空
The healthy food song
Stop eating that! Stop eating that! Sugary food!
Stop eating that! Stop eating that! Fatty food!
It’s bad for you! It’s bad for you! ①_______food!
It’s bad for you! It’s bad for you! ②_____food!
Too much sugar is bad for you!
Too much sugar is bad for you!
Cake, soda and lollipops, too.
Sugary
Fatty
Cake, soda and lollipops, too.
Milk and ③_____are good for you.
I like cheese and yoghurt too.
I like cheese and yoghurt too.
Meat and fish are good for you.
Start eating ④_______food.
Bread and cereals are good for you.
Start eating healthy food.
Stop eating that! Stop eating that! Sugary food!
dairy
healthy
Stop eating that! Stop eating that! Fatty food!
It’s bad for you! It’s bad for you! Sugary food!
It’s bad for you! It’s bad for you! Fatty food!
Fatty food is bad for you.
Fatty food is bad for you.
Pizzas, donuts and ⑤___________too.
Pizzas, donuts and hamburgers too.
Cabbages, broccoli and apples,
Cabbages, broccoli and apples,
hamburgers
Meat and fish are good for you.
Bread and cereals are good for you.
Milk and dairy are good for you.
Milk and dairy are good for you.
Fruit and vegetables are good for you.
【词海拾贝】
歌词译文:
《健康食物之歌》
停止进食! 停止进食! 含糖的食物!
停止进食! 停止进食! 高脂肪食物!
这对你不好! 这对你不好! 含糖的食物!
这对你不好! 这对你不好! 高脂肪食物!
吃太多的糖对你不好!
吃太多的糖对你不好!
还有蛋糕、苏打水和棒棒糖。
还有蛋糕、苏打水和棒棒糖。
牛奶和奶制品对你有好处。
我也喜欢奶酪和酸奶。
我也喜欢奶酪和酸奶。
肉和鱼对你有好处。
开始吃健康的食物。
面包和谷类食品对你有好处。
开始吃健康的食物。
停止进食! 停止进食! 含糖的食物!
停止进食! 停止进食! 高脂肪食物!
这对你不好! 这对你不好! 含糖的食物!
这对你不好! 这对你不好! 高脂肪食物!
高脂肪食物对你有害。
高脂肪食物对你有害。
还有披萨、甜甜圈和汉堡包。
还有披萨、甜甜圈和汉堡包。
卷心菜, 花椰菜和苹果,
卷心菜, 花椰菜和苹果,
肉和鱼对你有好处。
面包和谷类食品对你有好处。
牛奶和奶制品对你有好处。
牛奶和奶制品对你有好处。
水果和蔬菜对你有好处。(共41张PPT)
七　Unit 3　Reading and Thinking
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. She _____(slice) the onion and put it in the beef stew.
2. The girl wearing a green coat looks more _______(elegance) than her companion.
3. The continuous rain was blamed for the __________(exception) poor harvest.
4. __________(consume) less energy, the new kind of machine is appreciated by
most of the users.
5. Cindy’s suitcase was stuffed ____new clothes when she came back from Paris.
6. Engineering is one of the hottest and most ______(stable) growing careers in the
country.
sliced
elegant
exceptional
Consuming
with
stably
7. The airman ______(bold) jumped from the airplane with his parachute.
8. Some people become __________(vegetable) because they believe that this will
benefit their health.
9. Our _____(chef) use only the freshest produce available.
10. The shelves were filled with all sorts of vegetables —eggplants, cucumbers,
________(cabbage) and tomatoes.
boldly
vegetarians
chefs
cabbages
Ⅱ. 选用适当的短语填空
prior to, consist of, slice. . . off. . . , as a result, relate. . . to. . . , fill. . . with. . . ,
contribute to, differ from, at a minimum, lose one’s temper
1. He ________a thick piece from the loaf and ate it.
2. Can you help me ___this box ____those books
3. All the tasks should have been completed _______this Friday.
4. The rain yesterday was heavy. __________, the roads were flooded.
5. English ___________Spanish in that it is not pronounced as it is written.
sliced off
fill
with
prior to
As a result
differs from
6. People always tend to _____one’s performance __his education background.
7. When we are asleep, the rate of breathing is _____________.
8. The boy’s not having done his homework made his father _____________.
9. I believe that each of us can ____________the future of the world.
10. The new hospital will ________two wards and hold up to 4, 000 patients.
relate
to
at a minimum
lose his temper
contribute to
consist of
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. She ____________________her English.
她确实很努力地学习英语。
2. ____________________to have a good rest and follow the doctor’s advice.
你要做的就是好好休息, 听从医生的建议。
3. I am aware that being responsible is ___________to make a better society.
我知道, 担当是一个更好的社会所需要的。
does work very hard at
What you have to do is
what it takes
4. After the long journey, they went back home, _______________.
长途旅行过后, 他们回到了家, 又饿又累。
5. _____________________________, you are not allowed to drive.
因为你没有驾驶执照, 所以不允许你开车。
hungry and tired
Since you have no driving license
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1. 众所周知, 中国菜以其健康和美味著称世界。(cuisine)
2. 然而, 在一些特定的国家, 由于不同民族的人们口味偏好不同, 许多中国菜的味道都很大程度上被改变了。(preference)
3. 因此, 如果你想品尝正宗的中国菜肴, 那就请到中国来旅游吧。(authentic)
4. 在中国, 你不仅可以品尝到正宗的中国菜肴, 而且还会感受到中国人的好客与善良。(hospitality)
　　As we all know, Chinese cuisine is well-known for its health and good taste in the whole world. However, in some specific countries, the taste of a great number of Chinese dishes has been greatly changed partly due to the various taste preferences of people from different nations. Therefore, if you want to have a taste of authentic Chinese cuisine, please pay a visit to China, where you will not only taste authentic Chinese food, but also experience the hospitality and kindness of Chinese people.
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·海口高二检测)
　　Food likes and dislikes vary from culture to culture. Canadians are generally considered to be conservative (保守的) in their food tastes, but actually, the ability to enjoy different kinds of foods is highly regarded in Canada. A Canadian family may eat Italian food one night, Chinese food the next, and then Greek or Japanese food. Eating in Canada will provide you a good chance to enjoy various foods and get in touch with different cultures.
Canadians often invite people to dinner. It’s customary to arrive on time for a dinner party and to bring along a bottle of wine or a small gift, such as flowers or candy. Food is not brought unless especially asked for by the host. Some meals may include appetizers(开胃菜), soup or salad before the main course. A typical main course includes meat or fish, potatoes or rice, or one or two vegetables. Dessert is usually served with coffee or tea at the end of the meal.
　　To show that you enjoy a meal, it is polite to praise the quality of the food. Be sure to accept a second helping if you like the food and are not full. But in some other countries, it is polite to refuse up to three times before accepting a second helping.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。饮食的喜好因文化而异, 本文介绍了加拿大的饮食习俗以及一些用餐礼仪。
1. If you are invited to dinner by a Canadian family, you should　　　.
A. bring a bottle of wine
B. arrive a little late
C. buy some dear gifts
D. bring along some food
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Canadians. . . candy. ”可知, 加拿大人经常邀请别人吃饭。准时赴宴并带上一瓶酒或一件小礼物, 如鲜花或糖果, 是一种习俗。由此可知, 如果你被一个加拿大家庭邀请去吃饭, 你应该带一瓶酒。故选A。
2. Which of the following will follow the main course
A. Potatoes. 　B. Dessert. 　C. Salad. 　D. Soup.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Dessert is usually. . . the meal. ”可知, 餐后甜点通常和咖啡或茶一起供应。由此可知, 主菜之后会有甜点。故选B。
3. A polite way to show that you enjoy the meal is to 　　　.
A. put on big smiles on your face
B. speak highly of the quality of the food
C. accept a second helping of your favorite food
D. refuse up to three times before you accept the food
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“To show. . . the food. ”可知, 为了表示你喜欢这顿饭, 对食物的质量表示赞赏是礼貌的。故选B。
【阅读多维训练】
1. Why do a Canadian family eat different foods from different countries in different
days
Because they want to enjoy ____________and get in touch with _______________.
2. Must you bring some food if you are invited to a Canadian family for dinner in
their home
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
various foods
different cultures
No, it depends. If the host asks you to bring some food, you can. If not, you
needn’t bring anything except some small gifts or a bottle of wine.
B
(2021·武汉高二检测)
　　There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
　　On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
　　Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
　　We should embrace our heritage(遗产)through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
【文章大意】本文是议论文。作者从食物与文化的关系的角度表达了自己的看法, 作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分, 它也是一种文化身份的表达, 食物是了解文化的窗口。
4. What’s the function of food mentioned in the article
A. To help motivate homesickness.
B. To show national identity.
C. To reflect a country’s history.
D. To show a community’s superiority.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段It also operates. . . homesickness. 可知文中提到食物是一种文化身份的表达, 故选B。
5. What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The specific traditional food.
B. The national culture.
C. A traditional expression of food.
D. The old-fashioned taste.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文中On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. 可知, 此句中it代指“传统食物”。句意: 传统食物是文化的重要组成部分。是文化认同的一种表达方式。移民们把它带到任何地方, 它是他们的文化自豪感的象征, 也是应对思乡之情的手段。故选A。
6. Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant
A. To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B. To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C. To make the dishes popular among customers.
D. To present their own food culture in a new way.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Additionally, . . . customers. 可知, 一些移民不得不改变他们餐馆原有的菜肴是为了迎合不同的顾客。故选C。
7. What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures
A. Negative. B. Balanced.
C. Unfair. D. Unchangeable.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段We should. . . trying their food. 可知, 我们应该通过我们的文化食物来接受我们的文化遗产, 但也应该通过品尝其他文化的食物来了解其他文化, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
　　If you’re trying to cut back on your snacking (吃零食), take a moment to consider that nearly 94% of Americans snack at least once a day. 　1　 But once you take measures to change your habits, you might find it’s not as difficult as you think.
　　　2　Meals that have a variety of nutrients (营养物) are more likely to satisfy the desire your body has. It is very important to make sure your meals are balanced so that you ensure you do not have the desire for snacks. Make sure to have quality proteins and fats at lunch, not foods like fast food. These can help carry away your hunger throughout the day.
　　Be sure to eat breakfast. Breakfasts that are high in protein are observed to increase satiety (饱腹感) in the morning. 　3　 Try to eat at least 35 grams of protein for breakfast, in order to help you feel fuller throughout the day.
　　Eat high-protein diets to help you feel full longer. Protein takes more time to digest. 　4　 Check the labels on your food when comparing items in the grocery store. This will allow you to select foods to carry away hunger.
　　Make your meals longer. Take your time to chew your food to help digest it. It can also give your body time to let you know that you are full. 　5　
A. Eat balanced meals every day.
B. Avoid eating junk food in the evening.
C. This can help your meal last longer in your stomach.
D. They can also help people to feel fuller in the evening.
E. Research shows that people who chew more slowly feel less hungry.
F. Research shows exercising regularly can decrease the chance that you want to snack.
G. It can be difficult to cut back on snacks when snacking is such a common part of a culture.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了如何避免在三餐之间多吃零食的几点建议。
1. 【解析】选G。根据本空前的“If you’re trying to cut back on your snacking, take a moment to consider that nearly 94% of Americans snack at least once a day. ”可知, 此处承接上文, 说的是在这样一种背景下少吃零食是很困难的。
2. 【解析】选A。根据本段内容, 特别是“It is very important to make sure your meals are balanced so that you ensure you do not have the desire for snacks. ”可知, 本段讲每天要吃均衡的膳食。
3. 【解析】选D。根据本空前的“Breakfasts that are high in protein are observed to increase satiety in the morning. ”可知, 此处讲的还是吃早餐的好处, 吃好早餐能增强人的饱腹感, 即使到了晚上, 也会有一定的饱腹感。
4. 【解析】选C。根据本空前的“Protein takes more time to digest. ”可知, 蛋白质不容易消化, 这样会让食物在胃里待更长时间。
5. 【解析】选E。根据本空前的“Take your time to chew your food to help digest it. ”可知, 此处举例说明细嚼慢咽可以减少饥饿感。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
(2021·潍坊高二检测)
　　Hundreds of people are waiting in line for free food outside a kitchen on the suburb of Harare in Zimbabwe. Mufambi and her two-year-old baby are　1　 them. She waits patiently in line for her 　2　. Meanwhile, a volunteer is busy 　3　their plates with porridge. This little food is apparently not 　4　 for her family. But the grateful mother feels 　5　 in a way. At least for one night, their meal is 　6　. Her family lost their 　7　 and they have difficulty making ends meet. Before a friend told her about the kitchen, Mufambi’s family often went to bed 　8　.
　　The 　9　 is run by Murozoki. She is trying to make sure that people in her community are getting 　10　. Half of Zimbabwe’s population were facing food 　11　 before the coronavirus outbreak. Fortunately, assistance at different levels 　12　 in. UN food agency WFP is currently appealing for $19. 5 million to 　13　 its fighting against COVID-19. The government also has restored its social welfare during the lockdown despite its tight 　14　.
　　　15　 everything will change for the better.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在新冠肺炎疫情爆发之前, 津巴布韦有一半的人口面临食物短缺。幸运的是, 来自不同层面的援助蜂拥而至。
1. A. within　　　B. among　　　C. for　　　D. against
【解析】选B。根据后文She waits patiently in line可知Mufambi也排在队伍当中, 此处表示“在(三者或三者以上)……中间”应用介词among。故选B。
2. A. family B. choice C. chance D. turn
【解析】选D。根据上文She waits patiently in line for her可知此处为短语wait for one’s turn “等待轮到某人”。故选D。
3. A. filling B. placing
C. covering D. providing
【解析】选A。根据后文their plates with porridge可知是指一名志愿者正忙着往盘子里盛粥。fill with“装满”。故选A。
4. A. normal B. adequate
C. attractive D. essential
【解析】选B。根据上文This little food is apparently not可知食物并不多, 对她一家人来说并不足够。故选B。
5. A. relieved B. excited
C. relaxed D. shocked
【解析】选A。根据上文But the grateful mother feels可知虽然食物不多, 但是Mufambi还是很感激, 因为有了吃的而心里如释重负。故选A。
6. A. prepared B. purchased
C. ordered D. guaranteed
【解析】选D。根据上文At least for one night, their meal is可知至少这点食物可以保证他们今晚不挨饿。故选D。
7. A. house B. expense
C. income D. insurance
【解析】选C。根据后文they have difficulty making ends meet可知Mufambi一家失去了收入。故选C。
8. A. angrily B. tired
C. hungrily D. peacefully
【解析】选C。结合上文可知因为入不敷出, 买不起食物, 所以Mufambi的家人经常饿着肚子睡觉。故选C。
9. A. school B. kitchen
C. family D. nursery
【解析】选B。根据上文a friend told her about the kitchen可知此处指发放食物的厨房由Murozoki经营。故选B。
10. A. dressed B. changed
C. housed D. fed
【解析】选D。根据上文She is trying. . . are getting可知Murozoki开设食物厨房, 是为了确保社区的人们得到食物, 有吃的。故选D。
11. A. shortage B. supply C. donation D. process
【解析】选A。承接上文可推知Murozoki开设食物厨房, 肯定是因为津巴布韦有粮食短缺问题。故选A。
12. A. took B. broke
C. crowded D. poured
【解析】选D。根据上文可知来自不同层面的援助蜂拥而至。短语pour in“大量涌入, 源源而来”。故选D。
13. A. control B. ban C. fund D. stop
【解析】选C。根据上文可知联合国粮食机构世界粮食计划署目前呼吁筹集1 950万美元, 是为了资助抗击新冠肺炎疫情。故选C。
14. A. schedule B. workforce
C. space D. budget
【解析】选D。根据上文despite its tight可知its指代政府的, 故此处指尽管政府的预算紧张, 还是恢复了封锁期间的社会福利。故选D。
15. A. Hopefully B. Currently
C. Personally D. Initially
【解析】选A。根据后文everything will change for the better为一般将来时, 可知此处表示对未来的希望, 应用副词hopefully。故选A。(共34张PPT)
八　Unit 3　Learning About Language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 用适当的动词时态和语态填空
1. We first met in the Slender West Lake in 2010, and both of us felt immediately
that we __________(know)each other for years.
2. Yesterday, the city government rewarded those who _________(make)
contributions to the city’s construction in the last years.
3. You are expected to copy the words in the passage that ______________________
(underline).
4. The twins, who ___________(finish) their homework, were allowed to play
badminton on the playground.
had known
had made
have been/are underlined
had finished
5. Arriving at the party in a great hurry, we were disappointed to find that the band
___________(stop) playing.
6. Returning to the camp, they were shocked to see everything ________
______(ruin).
7. Julie was feeling a little blue because her mother _______________(lay off) from
her job and she had lots of bills to pay.
8. It was the first time that my daughter ______________(ask) to sing in public and
she was a bit nervous.
had stopped
had been
ruined
had been laid off
had been asked
9. My aunt is a writer. She __________(write) more than ten books since 2010.
10. Mr White came to our school in 2015, and since then he _________________
_________(teach) us English.
has written
has taught/has been
teaching
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __________the dinner
already.
昨天我父母到家时, 我已经把晚饭做好了。
2. Sophia looked around at all the faces. She had the impression that she ________
most of the guests before.
索菲娅环顾了一下所有的面孔。她觉得她以前看见过大多数的客人。
3. I ran across David while walking along the street yesterday. I __________him for
three years.
昨天我在街上走的时候碰到了戴维。我有三年没见过他了。
had cooked
had seen
hadn’t seen
4. By the latter half of the 14th century, English _________into widespread use
among all classes in England.
到14世纪下半叶, 英语已在英国各阶层广泛使用。
5. He ____________many times, but he still couldn’t remember the Chinese
meaning of this word.
已被告诉过很多次, 但他还是记不住这个词的中文意思。
6. He complained that this was the third time he _________________of the changes
of the meeting date.
他抱怨说, 这是他第三次被告知会议日期的变化。
had come
had been told
had been informed
7. Gary was behaving as if nothing _____________.
加里表现得好像什么事情也没发生一样。
8. I have been waiting for a bus for such a long time. Wish I ___________a book
with me!
我已经等了这么长时间的公共汽车了。要是我带了一本书就好了!
had happened
had brought
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·资阳高二检测)
When most people think about the “American culture”, images of Coca-Cola, hot dogs, baseball games, big cars come to mind. Actually, American culture is more than that, and its history features the variety of American culture. Especially southern culture, plays an important part in American culture. And the southerners are known for their hospitality, language and food.
　　Southerners’ hospitality is very famous in the world. People who live in the South are very nice and are always willing to help another person in any way they can. If someone is from out of town and needs directions to a certain place, Southerners will make sure he or she knows how to get there. Southerners are very polite. Every time they pass someone on the road, they are going to wave at him or her. Towns in the South have fewer people and everyone knows everyone. The people in the South are nicer than anywhere else in the United States.
　　Language in the South varies according to which area someone is in and what the person’s background is. Most white people have a country draw in the accent. Most black people talk using Ebonies(黑人英语), but some do have a draw in their accent. The other groups talk in their native languages or in English with an obvious accent. The languages in the South are alike in most places except in Southern Louisiana.
　　The South’s food is like no other places. It is colourful, has a wonderful smell that fills the whole house and tastes good. All the things that the Southerners use will wake up one’s taste and are really delicious.
　　Southern culture is well-known in the world. The South is very different from other areas in the United States. The people are nice, the language is very different and the food is great.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国南方的文化。
1. What does the underlined word “hospitality” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Being honest. 　　　　　B. Being friendly.
C. Being generous. D. Being beautiful
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段中People. . . they can. “住在南方的人很友好, 总是愿意尽其所能帮助别人。”所以南方人的好客闻名于世。由此可知, 画线词的意思是“好客, 友好”。故选B。
2. What can you infer about the southerners from the passage
A. They enjoy waving at others.
B. They prefer to talk on the road.
C. They are glad to help strangers.
D. They don’t get along well with others.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中If someone. . . or her “如果有人从外地来, 需要指引去某个地方, 南方人会确保他或她知道如何到达那里。南方人很有礼貌。每次他们在路上经过某人, 他们会向他或她挥手。”由此判断出, 南方人乐于帮助陌生人。故选C。
3. Which of the following statements about the South is NOT true
A. People in the South speak the same language.
B. People in the South are nice.
C. The culture in the South is unique in the world.
D. The food in the South is different from other places.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“除了南路易斯安那州, 南方的语言在大多数地方都很相似。”由此可知, A项不正确。故选A。
4. Which of the following can be the best title
A. The Origin of Southern Culture.
B. American Culture.
C. Southerners’ Hospitality.
D. Southern Culture.
【解析】选D。标题归纳题。纵观全文, 尤其是第一段“尤其是南方文化, 在美国文化中起着重要的作用。南方人因他们的好客、语言和食物而闻名”以及最后一段“南方文化闻名于世。”由此可知, 短文的最佳标题是“南方的文化”。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2021·辽阳高二检测)
When I was a young girl, my mother made the same dish for supper five nights a week. She boiled potatoes, carrots, and　 1　 small amounts of the roast beef. She called it stew(炖菜).
　　I would often hear other children at school　2　 about the delicious meals they had for　3　. Many of them ate in fast food restaurants, which were popular and expensive at the time. They got hamburgers and fries. I　 4　 we could eat like that once in a while, but my parents couldn’t　5　it. We only had takeout(外卖)food once or twice a year.
　　My mom took the　6　to cut up and prepare those　7　 every single night. Her recipes were right—focusing on the vegetables but not on the　 8　.
　　I had　9　head colds and flus than my classmates. If I did get　10　, I’d be home for a day or two, not a whole week like many of them.
　　When I was in my thirties, I became ill and was diagnosed with high blood pressure. I have to　 11　 I had been eating a lot of fast food, 　12　 not getting it as a child. But when I went back to prepare home-made meals, I started to feel
　 13　.
　　Today I often find myself　 14　 a bowl of my mother’s stew. That stew was made with love and it has left me with a(n)　 15　 that will warm me forever.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候因家庭经济拮据, 而吃了很多母亲做的蔬菜。作者的身体很健康。但后来因为吃了太多的快餐, 得了高血压, 这个时候作者反而渴望吃到妈妈做的菜了。
1. A. effectively　B. occasionally　C. originally　D. eventually
【解析】选B。句意: 她煮土豆、胡萝卜, 偶尔有少量的烤牛肉。结合后文可知作者家并不富裕, 所以只能偶尔吃牛肉。故选B。
2. A. complain B. argue C. talk D. dream
【解析】选C。根据后文about the delicious meals可知是谈论可口的饭菜。故选C。
3. A. holiday B. breakfast
C. lunch D. supper
【解析】选D。句意: 我经常听到学校里的其他孩子谈论他们晚饭吃的可口的饭菜。根据上文my mother made the same dish for supper five nights a week可知是谈论晚餐。故选D。
4. A. promised B. wished
C. cried D. announced
【解析】选B。根据后文we could eat like that once in a while可知作者也希望自己能吃到汉堡和薯条, 故选B。
5. A. afford B. tolerate C. resist D. accept
【解析】选A。根据上文“hear”听到及后文We only had takeout food once or twice a year. 可知作者家庭不富裕, 买不起汉堡和薯条。故选A。
6. A. risk B. rice C. turn D. time
【解析】选D。句意: 我妈妈每天晚上都花时间把蔬菜切碎准备好。根据后文to cut up and prepare those可知是花时间切菜。故选D。
7. A. sandwiches B. hamburgers
C. vegetables D. eggs
【解析】选C。根据后文focusing on the vegetables可知作者家经常吃蔬菜。故选C。
8. A. meat B. milk
C. hamburgers D. pizzas
【解析】选A。句意: 她的食谱是正确的——注重蔬菜而不是肉。结合上文Her recipes were right. . . 可知母亲的食谱注重的是蔬菜而不是肉。故选A。
9. A. heavier B. fewer
C. worse D. more
【解析】选B。因为经常吃蔬菜, 所以作者身体好, 感冒和流感也比同学少。故选B。
10. A. ready B. sick C. poor D. greedy
【解析】选B。根据上文head colds. . . classmates可知此处是在说明生病的情况, 作者很少生病, 即使是生病了, 在家待一两天也就好了, 不像其他同学那样待上整整一周。故选B。
11. A. deny B. hide C. cheat D. admit
【解析】选D。根据上文I became ill and was diagnosed with high blood pressure. 可知作者得了高血压, 不得不承认自己吃了很多快餐。故选D。
12. A. getting down to B. holding on to
C. making up for D. keeping up with
【解析】选C。结合后文not getting it as a child可知作者成年后, 吃了许多快餐是弥补了小时候没吃到的。故选C。
13. A. hungrier B. busier
C. happier D. healthier
【解析】选D。句意: 但当我回去准备家常菜时, 我开始感到更健康。与快餐相比, 家常菜肯定更健康。故选D。
14. A. desiring B. thinking
C. preparing D. making
【解析】选A。句意: 今天, 我经常发现自己很想要一碗我妈妈做的炖菜。结合后文a bowl of my mother’s stew可知如今作者很渴望吃到一碗母亲做的炖菜。故选A。
15. A. experience B. truth
C. memory D. manner
【解析】选C。句意: 那炖菜是用爱做的, 它给我留下了永远温暖我的回忆。memory回忆; experience经历; truth真相; manner方式。故选C。
阅读填句
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Putting children in daycare centers helps working parents take their minds off childcare. 　1　
How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. One study has suggested that some children who spend long hours in daycare centers experience more stress than those who spend more time in a setting with a mother.
Another study has shown that children who are shy have a higher level of the hormone cortisol (皮质醇) which is released when an individual shows signs of stress. 　2　And as a result the child may not mix well with the other children at the daycare center, a situation that can cause stress.
Another negative impact of daycare is that there is less communication between a mother and her child. 　3　So it is essential for a child to develop a deep bond with his or her mother. This will lay the foundation for all the relationships he or she will form later on in life. Children who spend a lot of time with their mothers experience healthy social and emotional development, while long hours in daycare centers can disrupt this bonding. Children who lose out on precious mother-child bonding are observed to have behavioral problems as they grow older.
Children in daycare centers also feel unprotected compared to children at home. In a daycare center, when one caregiver attends to more than one child at the same time, she may not be able to look deeply into why a child is mixing well or not. 　4　Another negative aspect of daycare is that children there are more likely to fall ill if they come in contact with sick children.
　5　Well-maintained daycare centers contribute a great deal to the overall development of a child by providing a structured environment. Children become more social by interacting with other children of the same age, and learn new activities that are not always available if they are brought up only at home.
A. But daycare has its disadvantages.
B. Look for a daycare center that is well-maintained.
C. However, the advantages of daycare cannot be ignored.
D. This is because a shy child will not open up freely in public.
E. Babies become extremely attached to their primary caregivers.
F. In such cases, a child may become either completely quiet or aggressive.
G. You can cut the time in daycare centers by making alternative childcare arrangements.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了日托的一些缺点, 同时提醒读者: 日托的优点也不能被忽视。
1. 【解析】选A。空前提到: 把孩子送到日托中心可以帮助有工作的父母把他们的注意力从照顾孩子上转移开。根据下文可知, 文章接下来介绍了日托的缺点。因此, 该空承上启下, 应该引出缺点这个话题。结合选项, A项(但是日托也有它的缺点)符合语境。
2. 【解析】选D。空前一句提到: 当一个人表现出压力迹象时, 害羞的儿童体内会释放出更高水平的荷尔蒙皮质醇。空后提到: 结果, 这个孩子可能和其他孩子不能在日托中心很好地融合在一起。结合空后的And as a result, 该空应该分析导致害羞的孩子不能和别的孩子很好地融合在一起的原因。结合选项, D项(这是因为一个害羞的孩子不会在公共场合敞开心扉)符合语境。
3. 【解析】选E。空前提到: 日托的另一个负面影响是母亲和孩子之间的交流减少。空后提到: 因此, 对一个孩子来说, 与他或她的母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的。结合空后的So可知, 该空应该分析孩子与母亲交流减少的结果以及他们之间需要建立深厚关系重要性的原因。结合选项, E项(婴儿变得非常依恋他们的主要照顾者)符合语境。
4. 【解析】选F。空前提到: 在日托中心, 当一个看护人同时照顾多个孩子时, 她可能无法深入了解为什么一个孩子融合得好或不好。该空承接上文, 应该介绍这种情况导致的结果。结合选项, F项(在这种情况下, 孩子可能变得要么完全安静, 要么好斗)符合语境。故选F。
5. 【解析】选C。前面几段介绍了日托的缺点。空后又提到: 维护良好的日托中心通过提供一个结构化的环境为孩子的全面发展做出了很大的贡献。那么该空和前文应该是转折关系, 同时引出下文, 结合选项, C项(然而, 日托的好处是不能被忽视的)符合语境。故选C。(共39张PPT)
九　Unit 3　Using Language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. A vegetarian diet may not provide enough _______(calorie) for a child’s normal
growth.
2. There is a hide-and-seek __________(associate) with a leader who is nowhere to
be found.
3. But on this question, the two leaders have very ___________(fundament)
differences.
4. It’s normal for puppies and dogs _______(chew) on objects as they explore the
world.
calories
association
fundamental
to chew
5. The verbs were subdivided into transitive and intransitive _________(category).
6. Great _________(quantity) of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain last
night.
7. We played a trick ___our teacher by hiding under our desks.
8. We’ve fixed the date for the outing and we’ll go regardless __wind or rain.
9. Our weather and temperature are _________(consistence) throughout the year.
10. Fresh fruit and vegetables are rich in carbohydrate, ________(vitamin) and
minerals.
categories
quantities
on
of
consistent
vitamins
Ⅱ. 选词填空
contribute to, make up, regardless of, cut down on, quantities of, rather than, in
addition, in other words
1. He tried to ___________smoking but failed.
2. Honesty and hard work ____________success and happiness.
3. __________, they held hard work in high regard.
4. North Africans ________the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.
5. How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; _____________, the origin of
language is a mystery.
cut down on
contribute to
In addition
make up
in other words
6. Nowadays, most people prefer to play computer games __________read books.
7. These laws are universal in their application, ___________cultural beliefs,
geography, or climate.
8. With more forests being destroyed, huge ___________good earth are being
washed away each year.
rather than
regardless of
quantities of
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. The doctor _______________________a few more days in hospital.
医生建议他在医院再住几天。
2. ____________________whether to take up physics or chemistry.
是学物理还是化学由你决定。
3. Chinese are proud of _____________________in the past years.
中国人对过去几年取得的成就感到自豪。
recommended that he stay
It’s up to you to decide
what they have achieved
4. ______________________we let others know we care about them.
重要的是我们让别人知道我们关心他们。
5. ______________________one’s mistakes to others.
向别人承认自己的错误需要勇气。
What is important is that
It takes courage to admit
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·合肥高二检测)
　　Do you ever throw away food at home Have you ever thought about what happens to the food that shops and supermarkets don’t sell Well, you might be shocked to find out that about one third of food produced for humans gets wasted. What’s more, around 800 million people in the world don’t live a healthy life for lack of food.
　　Many people in the UK and across the world are trying to do something with this situation. They are trying their best to make use of eatable food that is thrown away.
　　For example, there is a coffee bar in Leeds (UK) whose meals are all cooked with unsold food from supermarkets. The spare food is turned into delicious food to feed the hungry people of Leeds. Customers just pay what they can afford or help the bar wash something. In just ten months, 10, 000 people were fed at this bar.
　　Besides, the UK’s first food waste supermarket opened last year. The supermarket works on a “pay as you feel” basis. Customers pay whatever they want. Some low-income families have said that it has changed their lives.
　　“Fuel for School” is another food waste project. Spare food from supermarkets such as dairy, vegetables, fruit and bread is used to feed hungry schoolchildren whose families may not be able to afford to buy them lunch.
　　More coffee bars like Leeds are being opened in other parts of the UK such as Bristol and Manchester, and it is now becoming a worldwide event.
　　I think this is an amazing step as food waste is one of the world’s biggest problems. I also believe that the law should be changed, so that supermarkets don’t throw away so much good food.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在英国, 几种处理超市未售完的食物的方法。
1. What does the author think of the coffee bar’s action
A. He thinks it very good.
B. He is worried about it.
C. He is doubtful about it.
D. He thinks it interesting.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段I think this. . . problems. 可知“我”认为咖啡店的行为是了不起的一步, 因为食物浪费是世界上最大的问题之一。所以作者认为咖啡店的行为很好。故选A。
2. What’s the goal of “Fuel for School”
A. Help poor kids choose healthy food to eat.
B. Deal with bad food from supermarkets.
C. Make kids perform well in their study.
D. Feed students from poor families.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由倒数第三段Spare food. . . lunch. 可知超市里剩余的食物, 比如奶制品、蔬菜、水果和面包等, 都给了家里没能力买午餐的饥饿的孩子们。所以“Fuel for School”的目的是养活来自贫困家庭的孩子。故选D。
3. Which of the following does the author advise
A. We buy food based on our ability.
B. More coffee bars are opened in Leeds.
C. Restaurants offer children food for free.
D. Governments take action to reduce food waste.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由最后一段I also believe that the law should be changed可知“我”也相信法律应有所改变。能修改法律的是政府机构, 故作者的意思是政府应该采取措施减少食物浪费。故选D。
4. What is the best title of the text
A. The Problem of Food Waste Should Be Solved
B. Fuel for School Offers Food to The Poor
C. Different Actions to Solve the Problem of Food Waste in the UK
D. Spare Food From Supermarkets Is Thrown Away
【解析】选C。标题归纳题。文章介绍了在英国的几种处理食物浪费问题的方式, 所以标题应该是在英国处理食物浪费的几种方法。故选C。
B
　　From 20-pound turkeys to red and green Christmas cookies, with their emphasis on food, experts agree that the holidays are an ideal time to get kids involved in the kitchen.
“I think it helps build up their confidence and their independence, ”Charleston’s chef and mother of two Aimee Jones said. “They say, ‘Look, I can do this. I can make and feed myself something yummy. ‘ Especially when they can share it with their parents, it definitely helps them build confidence in themselves. ”
Instilling(灌输) a comfort level with cooking at an early age can create a life-long habit of making meals at home and help to foster a healthy relationship with food.
“This is the age when everything we teach them gets stuck in their heads, ” Nico Romo, chef and owner of Nico Oysters Seafood and father of three said. “If something goes wrong with the heat on the stove, they know they can handle it. They can turn it off. And they’re using their hands to create things. They can already draw and do all those things, so why can’t they hold and chop a vegetable You show them and watch them. It’s a lot of fun. ”
Involving children in creating their favorite holiday treats also makes for a one-of-a-kind bonding experience. “For better or worse, you will get to know your children more deeply when you cook with them. For better, you will share recipes, techniques and anecdotes that you learned at the elbows of mothers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers long gone, ” they wrote.
“For worse, you will huff and puff and whine(埋怨) and lose your patience when they accidentally spill heavy cream all over the kitchen table while making mini-shortcakes with berries, but they will love you anyway, teaching you, the one who’s supposed to be the grown-up, about unconditional affection and ready forgiveness. ”
【文章大意】作者介绍了和孩子一起做饭可以增强孩子的自信, 增加亲密度并教会大人无条件地去爱。
5. What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2
A. Increasing children’s confidence by cooking.
B. Forming a tradition of family cooking.
C. Cooking delicious meals for children.
D. Making holidays more meaningful.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“I think it helps build up their confidence and their independence”可知和孩子一起做饭可以增强孩子的自信和独立性。
6. What does Nico Romo mean in Paragraph 4
A. Children are good at drawing.
B. This is an age lack of creativity.
C. Children are able to handle cookery.
D. Modern technology is easy to learn.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知, 如果孩子知道怎么关炉子和画画, 他也能掌握怎么切菜。此处Nico Romo想表达, 孩子们有能力帮忙做饭。
7. What will adults learn when children make a mess in the kitchen
A. The skills in controlling their temper.
B. The unlimited love and pardon.
C. The tips for making everything in order.
D. The remarks made for complaint.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 当孩子做小蛋糕把奶油撒得到处都是时, 你可能会叹气、埋怨并失去耐心, 但是他们仍然爱你, 也教会身为成人的你无条件地爱和原谅。
8. What is the text mainly about
A. The stress of cooking during holidays.
B. The benefits of cooking with kids.
C. The advantage of playing with children.
D. The importance of sharing recipes.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知文章主要讲述了和孩子一起做饭的好处。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2021·葫芦岛高二检测)
　　The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonald’s was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food, we want slow food! ”
　　　1　 One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didn’t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo.
　　Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon became the Slow Food Movement. 　2　
　　First, what is good food Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasn’t been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. 　3　
　　Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different.
　　Second, food should be clean. Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms. 　4　Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
　　And third, food should be fair. 　5　All people should be able to purchase healthy food. The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, healthy conditions.
A. Food should not cost too much money.
B. Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people.
C. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.
D. That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E. It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F. Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G. This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲述了慢食运动的起源以及理念。
1. 【解析】选G。上文提到, 当新的麦当劳在美丽的历史景点附近开业时, 有些人站在餐厅外面大喊: “我们不想要快餐, 我们想要慢食! ” G项承接上文, “这一活动并不是开始慢食运动的唯一原因。”后文, 再举一例, Carlo去餐馆吃传统大餐。但是食物的味道和他记忆中的不一样了。故选G。
2. 【解析】选B。根据上文可知, Carlo成立了一个小组来鼓励希望人们关心他们的食物来自哪里, 以及他们的食物如何使他们的文化与众不同。这很快变成了慢食运动。后文分别解释了“have good, clean, fair food for all people. ”。所以此空应为提出慢食运动的目标“它的目标是为所有人提供良好、干净、公平的食物。”故选B。
3. 【解析】选E。根据上句“Good food is seasonable. ” 好的食物是时令的。可知“它应该生长在一年中最适合这种食物的时间。”可以对上句“好的食物是时令的。”做出解释说明。故选E。
4. 【解析】选C。上一句提到“化学物质也会损害农场周围的自然环境。”后文“干净的食品是不会伤害我们的身体或环境的食品。”后文可以总结前文, 所以此空应为化学物质也伤害我们的身体。故选C。
5. 【解析】选A。上句“食物应该公平”, 后文“所有的人都应该能够购买健康食品”。A项“食物不应该花太多钱。”解释了食物应该公平的含义, 同时为后句“所有人都应该能够购买健康食品。”做铺垫。故选A。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2021·哈尔滨高二检测)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Wasting food has become a big problem in the developed world. While some
people there throw away unwanted food, people in other 1. 　　　　　 (part) of
the world face food shortages. It’s an 2. 　　　　　 (astonish) fact that a third of
the world’s food is wasted each year, which is enough 3. 　　　　　(feed) a billion
hungry people. Most of the wasted food 4. 　　　　　 (bury) in the landfill sites.
5. 　　　　　 (lucky), this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to
global warming and climate change. In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to deal with 6. 　　　　　 problem. She thinks people shouldn’t waste food, 7. 　　　　　 rich they are. She persuaded some supermarkets to stop selling their goods 8. 　　　　　 (tie) together so that people bought only what they needed. Also, she produced a leftovers cookbook and set up an education program in schools, 9. 　　　　　 food waste was rather common. Now the effects are quite noticeable. Clearly, we need to think twice when we put something in our shopping basket, and we should make the most of the food we have—use up our leftovers or even share our extra food 10. 　　　　　 our friends and neighbors.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了浪费食物已经成为发达国家的一个大问题。在丹麦一位女士一直在努力解决这个问题, 并说明了她所做一些努力。
1. 【解析】parts。考查名词的数。part为可数名词, 此处表示“世界其他地区”应用复数。故填parts。
2. 【解析】astonishing。考查形容词。修饰后文名词fact, 应用-ing结尾的形容词, 作定语, 表示“令人惊讶的”。故填astonishing。
3. 【解析】to feed。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这是一个令人惊讶的事实, 每年世界上三分之一的食物都被浪费掉, 这些食物足够养活10亿饥饿的人。结合句意表示“足够做某事”短语为be enough to do sth. 。故填to feed。
4. 【解析】is buried。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语food与bury之间是被动关系, 且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 主语为Most of the wasted food, 可知“most of the +不可数名词”, 谓语动词要用单数形式。故填is buried。
5. 【解析】Unluckily。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unluckily, 作状语, 表示“不幸的是”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unluckily。
6. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指上文中提到的食物浪费的问题, 故problem前要用定冠词the。故填the。
7. 【解析】however。考查连接词。句意: 无论多么的富有, 人们都不应该浪费食物。此处为让步状语从句, 表示“无论多么”应用however引导。故填however。
8. 【解析】tied。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知tie在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 与逻辑主语goods构成被动关系, 故应用过去分词作定语。故填tied。
9. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词schools, 且先行词在从句中作地点状语, 故应用关系副词where。故填where。
10. 【解析】with。考查介词。句意: 显然, 当我们把东西放进购物篮时, 我们需要三思而后行, 我们应该充分利用我们所拥有的食物——吃光我们的剩菜, 甚至与我们的朋友和邻居分享我们多余的食物。结合句意表示“与某人分享某物”短语为share sth. with sb. 。故填with。
Ⅳ. 应用文写作
　　假设你是李华, 在美国的某中学作交流生。你的同学对中国宴请赴约的习俗很感兴趣, 请你用英语写一篇发言稿, 介绍中国的宴请习俗。内容包括:
1. 宴请场所;
2. 就餐习俗;
3. 饮酒习俗;
4. 送客习俗。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: banquet宴会
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Ladies and gentlemen,
　　I feel greatly honored to be here to tell you something about Chinese banquet
customs. Firstly, banquets are usually held in private rooms in restaurants. Guests
will be met at the door and led to the banquet room where they will be guided to
their places. Occasions are rare when guests sit where they please. Secondly, while at
banquets, the host doesn’t begin to eat until the guest raises his chopsticks. And it’s
rude to stop eating in the middle of a banquet. Banquets always begin with a toast,
with the host expressing his welcome. Finally, the host will say good-bye to everyone at the door and stay longer to pay the bill.
　　Thank you for listening.(共101张PPT)
单元素养评价(三)(Unit 3)
(120分钟　150分)
第一部分　听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项
中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅
读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
M: ①May I speak to Mary, please
W: She’s not here right now. ①This is her sister speaking. Can I take a message
M: Could you ask her to call Max Peterson at 465-878-4931
W: Hold on one second, Mr Peterson. Let me just get a pen.
1. Who is the woman
A. Mary. 　　　　　　　　B. Mary’s sister.
C. Mary’s mother.
Text 2
W: I’m going to spend the next year studying in London. Someone told me that you once lived there.
M: Oh, ②but I was just a kid at that time.
2. When did the man live in London
A. Last year. B. Last month.
C. When he was a child.
Text 3
W: As most of our customers are foreigners, ③you must be able to speak at least one foreign language to be employed.
M: In that case, I’m fit for the position I think. I can speak Spanish fluently and can understand French.
3. What is the requirement for the job
A. Knowing a foreign language. B. Working at night.
C. Leaving on business.
Text 4
M: ④ Is Mr Stephen in his room, please He has called to see me after dinner.
W: If he is in, his key will be here. Yes, sir. Room 202. He is in his room. Would you like to ring up first, sir
4. What does the man want to do
A. Book a room.
B. Pay Mr Stephen a visit.
C. Invite the woman to dinner.
Text 5
M: Are you ready We need to get going. We are going to be late!
W: Oh, you say that every time, Jay, and ⑤we always end up getting to the place 20 minutes early.
5. What does the woman mean
A. They are always late.
B. They don’t need to hurry.
C. They still have 10 minutes.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、
B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小
题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读
两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W: Where do you want to go for the summer holiday
M: I’m not sure. But I would like to go to Republic of Korea or maybe Japan.
W: I’ve been to Republic of Korea before. So, maybe Japan is a better idea for this
year.
M: When did you go to Republic of Korea
W: ⑥I went during high school with my class. Remember That’s why I missed
Chelsea’s birthday party that year.
M: Oh Yeah! ⑦And you couldn’t stop talking about kimchi for weeks.
W: OK, OK. ⑦It’s delicious! So, shall we go to Japan, then I will look for
tickets online. Hopefully, they won’t be too expensive.
M: Great, I can’t wait!
6. Why won’t the speakers travel to South Korea
A. The woman likes Japan more.
B. The woman has already been there.
C. The tickets are too expensive.
7. What had the woman kept talking about
A. A city in Republic of Korea.
B. A type of food.
C. A popular clothing brand.
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
Text 7
W: Hi, Tony. Nice to meet you here. So you must have had a lot of fun since the summer vacation
M: Yes. ⑧As my father puts it, have fun while it lasts, as the excitement wears off really fast. And now I’m considering going to New York for a visit, because my parents wanted me to go to an American university for my further education.
W: Indeed, it’ll be a good experience to take a vacation to a different country, so that you can learn about different cultures. How I envy your good luck. ⑨I’ll have to take a part-time job to help support my family.
M: Well, we cannot choose our family background, but we have to try to make a difference.
8. What does the man’s father say
A. It’s nice to have friends.
B. Life is a struggle.
C. Have fun when you can.
9. What will the woman do during the holiday
A. Get a part-time job. B. Travel to America.
C. Look after her brother.
听第8段材料, 回答第10～12题。
Text 8
M: Hi, Carol. Did you see the pictures Amy just posted ⑩I think she’s in Germany.
W: Yeah, she and her friends decided to go at the last minute. They’re visiting for about two weeks, then they’re going to France after that. Then on to London.
M: I feel like an awful friend. I had no idea. Sometimes I wonder if I’d have any idea what’s going on in my friends’ lives if it weren’t for WeChat.
W: It’s strange, isn’t it Sometimes I feel like I know more about strangers who post frequently than I do about my closest friends. People write everything on the Internet.
M: Yes, you’re right. It’s interesting how much social media has changed the way we interact with each other.
W: So do you think there’s a healthier way to use social media
M: Good question. I think it’s important to limit your time online and put the phone down when you’re with others.
10. Where is Amy now
A. In Germany. B. In London.
C. In France.
11. How does the man know what his friends are doing
A. Through face-to-face talk.
B. Through strangers’ posts.
C. Through WeChat.
12. How does the man think we should use social media
A. We should stop using it.
B. We should post frequently.
C. We should limit our time online.
听第9段材料, 回答第13～16题。
Text 9
M: Hey, Mom. What’s up
W: Hi, Chris. Your father and I are coming home tomorrow. Can you pick us up at
the train station in the afternoon
M: What time will you arrive
W: We land around noon. So, we should be at the train station by 1: 30 p. m.
M: Oh, but I have to pick up Sandy from the vet at 1: 30 p. m. I won’t be able
to get to the station until 2: 00 p. m. at the earliest.
W: What’s wrong with Sandy
M: Nothing too serious. The vet said she might have caught a cold or something.
W: Oh, I’m sure she will be OK. She’s a strong girl.
M: Thanks. Now, what should we do about tomorrow
W: Let me think. . . Your dad and I can just eat lunch at the airport. That way, no one will feel rushed to be anywhere. We’ll plan to see you around 2: 00 p. m. at the station. OK
M: Works for me.
W: Oh, hang on a second. Where are we going to sit If you are bringing Sandy in the car, we won’t have room to sit in the back seat.
M: That’s true. Also, what about your luggage
W: Son, can’t you put off picking up Sandy until later in the afternoon That would make everything a whole lot easier .
M: I will call the vet and see if that’s possible. I’ll call you right back.
W: OK.
13. When had the man planned to pick up Sandy
A. 1: 30 p. m. 　　B. 2: 00 p. m. 　　C. 2: 30 p. m.
14. Who might Sandy be
A. The man’s classmate. 　B. The woman’s daughter.
C. The man’s pet.
15. What’s the woman mostly worried about
A. Enough space in the car.
B. Sandy’s health.
C. Where to have lunch.
16. What will the man do next
A. Make a phone call. B. Go to the train station.
C. Send a text message.
听第10段材料, 回答第17～20题。
Text 10
　　W: It seems that money plays an important role in our daily life. Everyone has an opinion on money. What do you think about it Do you think money is the most important thing Do you find yourself a slave to money Now I’ll introduce a book to you, which can help you stop worrying about money.
　 When Susan was 13 she watched her father dive into the flames of his burning house in order to rescue his cash. At that moment she learned that money was very important. And so she tried every means to become rich. But years later, when Susan became a wealthy woman with a huge firm, she was unhappy. What went wrong She had not yet achieved financial freedom. In this book, Susan covers the keys to financial success and her own experience of achieving happiness. If you want to be happy with money, just buy one book and have a look at it. Maybe you will find your answer in this book and have a better understanding of money.
17. What is the speaker mainly introducing
A. A friend. 　　B. A book. 　 C. A programme.
18. Why did Susan think that money was important
A. Her father couldn’t buy her clothes.
B. Her father was always worried about money.
C. Her father went into his burning house to save his money.
19. What did Susan do when she grew up
A. An advisor. B. A businesswoman.
C. A professional writer.
20. What does Susan try to tell people in her book
A. How to achieve happiness.
B. How to run a firm.
C. How to get freedom.
第二部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·秦皇岛高二检测)
　　Our guide was excellent! He walked us through all the local villages and took extra time at the end to enjoy a local dinner. He stayed with us longer than he was obliged(必要)to and made this a fantastic experience.
　　Tour snapshot
　　Travel is all about the street food these days, and why not It’s fresh, fast, cheap and a great way to crack into the local scene. Join this Hanoi tour to source the best street eats from markets, food carts, street cafés and other hard-to-find-but-totally-worth-the-effort secret spots.
　　Highlights
　　Sample delicious Vietnamese cuisine just like the locals do—on the street.
　　Stroll through hidden alleyways and bustling markets of Hanoi’s charming old quarter.
　　Learn more about Hanoi’s unique food culture.
Try local specialties with influences from French and Chinese cuisine.
　　Take in a spectacular night view of Hoan Kiem lake from a secret café.
　　Schedule details
　　Duration: 2. 5 hours
Meeting point: Sacombank ATM Machine—No. 1 Dong Xuan street (front entrance of Dong Xuan Market, Corner of Dong Xuan St. with Cau Dong St. )
　　Starting time: 5: 00 PM
Ending point: Café Pho Co-11 Hang Gai St. , Hoan Kiem
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了我们在优秀导游的陪同下经历的一次美食之旅, 享受了当地不同风格的食品, 欣赏了壮观的美丽夜景。
21. What did the guide do
A. He showed visitors around by car.
B. He took many photos of visitors.
C. He stayed with visitors for extra time.
D. He enjoyed breakfast with visitors.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段的内容(他带我们走遍了当地所有的村庄, 最后还花了些时间享受当地的晚餐。他和我们在一起的时间比他被要求的要长, 这是一次奇妙的经历。), 可知导游多待了一段时间来陪游客。故选C。
22. What does the underlined word “snapshot” mean in the passage
A. A photograph taken quickly and casually.
B. A brief impression of something.
C. An attempt to score in a game.
D. An act of firing a gun.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第二段(这几天的旅游都是街头小吃, 何乐而不为呢 它新鲜、快捷、便宜, 是一个很好的切入当地风景的方式。加入这次河内之旅, 从市场、食品车、街头咖啡馆和其他难以找到但完全值得努力的秘密地点寻找最佳街头美食。)可知, 这几天的旅游都是关于街头食品的, 它是一种新鲜、快速、廉价的进入当地生活的方式, 所以这段是指旅游的大体印象, snapshot在此处意为“对某事的简短印象”。故选B。
23. We can infer from the passage that the ending time of the tour is 　　　.
A. 5: 00 PM　　　　 B. 5: 30 PM
C. 7: 05 PM D. 7: 30 PM
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由Schedule details部分, “Duration: 2. 5 hours”(持续时间: 2. 5小时)和“Starting time: 5: 00 PM”(开始时间: 下午5: 00), 可知下午5点开始, 持续2. 5个小时, 所以结束的时间是晚上7: 30。故选D。
B
(2021·合肥高二检测)
　　A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating
sunflower seeds as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have
a crack in their front teeth, I believe that’s from cracking the seeds, ” he said.
　　I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became
more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always
start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds,
and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
　　When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese
New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and
sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year’s Eve to
check out what every household was making.
　　I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room,
a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made
dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the
dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and
children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower
seeds back then.
　　I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no
matter how strange they may seem.
　　It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of
strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread
and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it’s a
delicacy(美味佳肴), and it’s connected to their certain culture. I think it’s a
wonderful tradition.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文, 用中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面
包配咸红鱼来证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。
24. Why can not the British friend understand when he found Chinese love eating sunflower seeds
A. Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B. Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth.
C. Because he doesn’t think the seeds are good.
D. Because he doesn’t think the seeds are worth eating.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句(我的朋友不喜欢葵花籽, 对他来说, 似乎没有必要为了得到一颗小种子而付出那么多的努力。)可知, 作者的外国朋友认为葵花籽不值得吃, 所以当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃葵花籽时, 他并不理解。故选D。
25. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A. The families get together for it.
B. Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C. The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D. Children can eat delicious food on that day.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知, 春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食, 其中就有瓜子, 小孩在可以在年夜饭前吃, 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子。由此可知, 作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关, 故选B。
26. What’s the writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread
A. Indifferent. 　　　　 B. Critical.
C. Understandable. D. Doubtful.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知, 作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统, 由此可知, 作者可以理解这种吃法, 故选C。
27. What idea does the writer want to express in this passage
A. It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B. Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C. Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D. One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的倒数第二句可知, 丹麦人认为
这样吃面包是美味的, 这和他们的特定的文化有关, 正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春
节文化有关, 由此可知, 作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点是, 饮食习惯来自特定
的文化, 故选B。
C
(2021·合肥高二检测)
In the first days after a team of 25 delivery robots landed on George Mason
University’s campus in January, they appeared to cause curious glances and many
photos but not much else.
　　It was clear, officials said, that more time and more data would be necessary to
understand whether the robots would change the campus culture or become
forgettable. Two months later, an extra 1, 500 breakfast orders have been delivered
autonomously, according to the technologists of Sodexo, a company that manages
food service for GMU and works closely with the robots.
　　Research has shown that up to 88 percent of college students skip breakfast, primarily because of lack of time, but that number is starting to turn around when delivery robots arrive on campus. They’re constantly seen making the 15-minute trip from campus restaurant to a handful of nearby dorms, as well as to other buildings across campus, where students meet them. Two months later, breakfast has replaced dinner as the go-to meal for robot delivery.
　　Sodexo officials have noted that college students are main users of food delivery apps and place a high value on convenience and multiple options when they dine. During the morning hours, restaurant experts say, there is generally more emphasis(强调)on speed than any other part of the day. Combine college students’ love of food delivery with messy morning routines, and perhaps they have a perfect recipe for robots to deliver in the campus.
　　The robots also provide campus officials with valuable data showing how meal plans are being used, which could lead to changes in how the university serves students over time. Sodexo technologists also announced Monday that a new team of more than 30 robots is launching at Northern Arizona University.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。25个送餐机器人进驻乔治梅森大学后, 为很多大学生提供送早餐服务, 改变了他们因为忙碌而不吃早餐的习惯, 给他们紧张的生活带来了很多便利。
28. Why don’t most college students have breakfast according to the research
A. They are on diets.
B. They have a tight schedule.
C. The food doesn’t agree with them.
D. GMU doesn’t offer delivery services.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段第一句(研究表明, 多达88%的大学生不吃早餐, 主要是因为时间不够)可知, 大部分大学生不吃早餐是因为他们很忙, 时间很紧张, 故选B。
29. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. College students. 　　 B. Campus officials.
C. College professors. D. Restaurant managers.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第四段内容(索迪斯官员指出, 大学生是外卖
应用程序的主要用户, 他们非常看重就餐时的便利性和选择的多样性。)以及
“Combine college students’. . . campus(把大学生们对外卖的热爱与他们忙乱的晨
间生活结合起来, 或许他们有一个让机器人在校园里送餐的秘诀。)”可知, 虽然
早晨的时间很紧张, 但是有很多学生喜欢机器人送餐的方便快捷性, 因此推断出,
第四段中“they”, 指的是大学生, 故选A。
30. What do we know about the first 25 delivery robots
A. They make timely deliveries.
B. They were ignored at first.
C. They mainly carry dinner at present.
D. They have changed the whole campus culture.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容(研究表明, 多达88%的大学
生不吃早餐, 主要是因为时间不够, 但这一数字在送货机器人到达后开始好转。
人们经常看到它穿梭在校园餐厅与附近的几个宿舍和其他建筑之间, 完成它长
达15分钟的送餐旅途。)”可知, 25个送货机器人服务非常快, 故选A。
31. What’s the best title for the text
A. Delivery services grow fast in college.
B. Breakfast in necessary for college students.
C. Robots help with GMU’s campus management.
D. Delivery robots are changing students’ eating habits.
【解析】选D。标题归纳题。由第三段的内容可知, 送餐机器人到达学校两个月后, 学生们不吃早餐的现象获得了很大的改善, 早餐成了必备餐。可见, 大学生的吃饭习惯得到了改变。故选D。
D
(2021·攀枝花高二检测)
It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn’t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.
　　Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger”. When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which controls our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite (食欲) and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.
　　A craving is more complex. It activates (刺激) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. Because of this, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger. ” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
　　In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or controlled eating generally increases the possibility of food craving. ” So, the more you refuse yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time reduced food cravings.
　　So, the next time you crave something very special, know that it’s the fault of your brain, instead of your stomach.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系, 节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。
32. The author describes two situations in the first paragraph to 　　　.
A. deepen the understanding of hunger
B. report the discovery of craving study
C. introduce the topic of the whole passage
D. remind readers of their own special food
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知, 第一段是为了引入整篇文章的话题。故选C。
33. What do we learn about food craving
A. It shows food is connected with emotion.
B. It makes sure that a person survives hunger.
C. It means the stomach functions well.
D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段一、二句可知, 对食物的渴望是复杂的, 它刺激与情感、记忆和奖赏有关的大脑区域。因此可知食物与情感有关系。故选A。
34. What’s the likely result of dieting
A. The drop of chemicals.
B. The increase of food desire.
C. The refusal of fat and sugar.
D. The disappearance of appetite.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知, 在2007年的一项研究中, 剑桥大学的研究人员发现“节食或限制饮食通常会增加对食物渴望的可能性”。故选B。
35. In which part of a newspaper can you see this passage
A. Education. 　　　 B. Entertainment.
C. Science. D. Economy.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 所以, 下次你想吃什么特别的东西时, 要知道你的大脑比你的胃更应该受到责备。以及本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。由此可知, 本篇文章可能会出现在报纸的科学版块。故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·长沙高二检测)
　　Chopsticks Taboos: Unholy Ways to Pick Up Your Food
　　The use of chopsticks to pick food up from the plate will earn you several
complements from Chinese people. But over time, once in a while your close
friends might remind you about some basic chopsticks etiquette(礼节) such as never
insert chopsticks vertically(垂直地) into a bowl of rice. 　36　, here are several
rules to keep in mind.
　　Do not use chopsticks of different lengths. This will remind people of a Chinese idiom “three long and two short”, 　37　, because a coffin without a lid is composed of five boards, three long, and two short.
　　Don’t use chopsticks to poke at each dish without knowing what you want or only one chopstick to fetch the food in the plate.
　　　38　. Chinese people believe that their ancestors are resting underneath the earth, and dropping chopsticks would disturb them.
　　Don’t make noise with chopsticks by hitting the side of your bowl, 　39　.
　　While passing someone a bowl of rice or noodles, never insert the chopsticks vertically in the middle of the food for convenience. 　40　.
A. Do not drop your chopstick on the floor
B. which is used as another name for coffin
C. because only beggars do that to get attention
D. If you want to master the art of using this old tool
E. In Chinese culture, the sign of crossing is negative
F. Do not drop food and liquid from your chopsticks to the table
G. The action would remind people of burning certain sticks in the pot in memory of the dead
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了想要了解筷子这个古老用具的艺术, 就要了解使用它的一些禁忌问题。
36. 【解析】选D。根据前文内容(你亲密的朋友可能会不时提醒你一些基本的筷子礼仪, 如永远不要把筷子垂直插入一碗米饭。)可知, D选项中的this old tool指的是前文的chopsticks, 再根据句子结构可知, 此处一定是一个从句, 空格后是主句: 牢记以下使用筷子的规则。下文主要介绍了使用筷子的一些禁忌, D项承接下文, 故选D。
37. 【解析】选B。根据下文可知因为没有盖子的棺材是由五块板组成的, 由此得出B选项中的coffin和下文相呼应, 故选B。
38. 【解析】选A。根据下文内容(中国人相信他们的祖先在地下休息, 掉筷子会打扰他们。)可知 , A选项能作为主旨句来概括本段内容, 故选A。
39. 【解析】选C。根据上文内容(不要用筷子敲击碗的侧面发出声音)可知, 该句是主句部分, C选项是从句部分, 另外C选项是用来解释其原因的, 故选C。
40. 【解析】选G。根据上文内容(当递给别人一碗米饭或面条时, 不要为了方便而把筷子垂直插在食物中间。)可知, G选项中的the action指“把筷子垂直插在食物中间”这个动作, 且语义能承接上文, 故选G。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项。
(2021·邢台高二检测)
I left my junior year confused, slightly out of touch with reality. Along with it,
I had no clear idea of how to 　41　 my life. Due to this 　42　, I made the
decision to 　43　 the Georgetown Medical Institute, which is a seven-day　44　
that aimed to teach high school students about the medical field. Being 　45　 the
ability to learn and have exposure to something like this was really important for
46　 from my state of confusion.
The seven-day course was fairly meaningful to my　 47　. I had been 　48　 a
career in the medical field since I entered high school. 　49　, I didn’t know what
medical profession would actually be like. Attending this institute placed me in an
environment completely 　50　 from anything I had ever experienced. I was so　51
for all the information these people were willing to give. I was afraid to take my 　52　 off anyone. Everything was a 　53　 experience. Through this experience, however, I 　54　 that medical field was not what I wanted. I wanted to 　55　 at school. I wanted to share knowledge with students and participate in their complete communication. I wanted to be able to get more friends too.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过参加乔治敦医学院的课程找到了自己的发展方向和人生目标的故事。
41. A. make　　B. experience　　C. change　　D. predict
【解析】选C。句意: 同时, 我也不清楚如何改变我的生活。由上文内容和
“Along with it”可知, 作者初中时很困惑, 不现实, 说明作者没有明确的人生目标,
而伴随困惑而来的是, 作者也不清楚如何改变自己的生活。故选C。
42. A. duty B. confusion
C. preparation D. direction
【解析】选B。句意: 由于这种困惑, 我决定去参加一个为期七天的乔治敦医学
院的课程, 这门课程旨在向高中生传授医学领域的知识。由上文以及下文的
“my state of confusion”可知, 作者对自己的人生感到困惑。故选B。
43. A. search B. design C. pass D. attend
【解析】选D。由下一句可知, 作者参加了乔治敦医学院课程, 这个课程让作者从困惑中走了出来。故选D。
44. A. course B. play C. race D. camp
【解析】选A。由下文可知, 这种东西旨在向高中生传授医学领域的知识, 说明这是一门课程。故选A。
45. A. denied B. hided C. reduced D. offered
【解析】选D。句意: 被提供学习和接触这样的东西的能力对我从困惑状态中
前进真的很重要。由上文“which is a seven-day 　　　”和空后内容可知, 这门七
天课程提供给作者学习医学的能力。故选D。
46. A. moving forward B. looking around
C. coming along D. building up
【解析】选A。句意: 被提供学习和接触这样的东西的能力对我从困惑状态中
前进真的很重要。由下文语境可知, 作者从困惑中走了出来, 有了确切的人生目
标, 说明这门七天课程让作者在困惑中前进。故选A。
47. A. study B. family C. career D. health
【解析】选C。句意: 七天的课程对我的职业生涯相当有意义。由下文可知, 作者从高中以来, 一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业, 说明七天的课程对作者的职业生涯有很大影响。故选C。
48. A. working B. interviewing
C. considering D. advertising
【解析】选C。句意: 从我进入高中以来, 我一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业。由下文可知, 作者不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的, 说明作者对医学行业概念还不清晰, 因此一直在考虑中。故选C。
49. A. Therefore B. However
C. Finally D. Instead
【解析】选B。句意: 然而, 我不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的。由上下文语境可知, 作者一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业, 然而作者并不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的, 二者是转折关系, 应用However。故选B。
50. A. separate B. safe
C. suffer D. absent
【解析】选A。乔治敦医学院的课程提供给作者学习医学领域知识的能力, 而这是作者在以前人生经历中很少接触、难以学到的, 说明这门课程完全不同于作者以前所处的环境。separate from与……分开。故选A。
51. A. sad B. grateful
C. anxious D. responsible
【解析】选B。由上文的“The seven-day course was fairly meaningful to my　　　”和下文内容可知, 七天的课程对作者的职业生涯相当有意义, 因此作者感激那些给予所有信息(知识)的人。故选B。
52. A. ears B. legs C. hands D. eyes
【解析】选D。由上文语境可知, 七天的课程让作者从困惑中走出来, 对作者的职业生涯相当有意义, 作者感激那些给予所有知识的人, 说明作者很重视这次学习, 不舍得把视线从任何教授医学知识的人的身上移开, 以免错过学习医学知识的机会。故选D。
53. A. training B. learning
C. observing D. exchanging
【解析】选B。句意: 一切都是一次学习的经历。由上文语境可知, 作者很重视这次学习, 不敢把视线从任何教授医学知识的人的身上移开, 以免错过学习医学知识的机会, 因此作者认为所接触的每一个事物都是学习的经历。故选B。
54. A. remembered B. explained
C. realized D. informed
【解析】选C。句意: 然而, 通过这次经历, 我意识到医学领域并不是我想要的。由下文可知, 作者想与学生分享知识, 参与他们的全面交流, 说明作者想当教师, 意识到医学领域并不是自己想要的。故选C。
55. A. teach B. cure C. record D. write
【解析】选A。句意: 我想在学校教书。由下文可知, 作者想与学生分享知识, 参与他们的全面交流, 说明作者想当教师。故选A。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·佛山高二检测)
As a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is
(deep) rooted in China’s history. As a visitor or guest in
57.　　　　　 a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are
essential in our daily life!
　　It is really an 58. 　　　　　(admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests 59. 　　　　　(include) while taking good care of children. Meanwhile, 60. 　　　　　practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless
61. 　　　　　(generation).
　　When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around 62. 　　　　　. When the main dishes 63. 　　　　　(prepare) in a decorative form either by cut or other means, they will be placed 64. 　　　　　(face) the major guests and elder people at the table, 65. 　　　　　also represents virtue(美德).
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了中国的一些餐桌礼仪。
56. 【解析】deeply。考查副词。句意: 作为一个注重礼仪的国家, 饮食文化深深植根于中国的历史。修饰动词rooted用副词, deep和deeply都可作副词, 但前者表示空间的深度, 而后者常常带有感彩, 根据语境可知此处应该用后者, 故填deeply。
57. 【解析】either。考查固定搭配。句意: 作为一个家庭访客或在餐馆用餐的顾客, 你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中是必不可少的。根据空后的“a Chinese home or restaurant”可知此处使用either. . . or. . . 这一搭配, 表示“或者……或者……”, 故填either。
58. 【解析】admirable。考查形容词。句意: 在餐桌上尊重他人, 包括老人、老师和客人, 同时照顾好孩子, 这是一种很好的习俗。修饰名词custom用形容词, 表示“令人钦佩的, 极好的”, 故填admirable。
59. 【解析】included。考查独立主格。句意: 在餐桌上尊重他人, 包括老人、老师和客人, 同时照顾好孩子, 这是一种很好的习俗。分析句子结构可知此处为“n. /pron. ”形式的独立主格结构, 表示“……也包括在内”, 这一结构可当作固定用法来记忆, 故填included。
60. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 与此同时, 先把最好的或精美的食物给年长的家庭成员的做法已经流传了好多代。根据空后内容可知此处特指“先把最好的或精美的食物给家里的年长成员的这种做法”, 需要用定冠词修饰, 故填the。
61. 【解析】generations。考查名词的数。句意: 与此同时, 先把最好的或精美的食物给年长的家庭成员的做法已经流传了好多代。表示“一代人”时, generation是可数名词, countless修饰可数名词复数, 故填generations。
62. 【解析】them。考查代词。句意: 当主人在餐桌上摆菜时, 他们会将主菜摆放在中央, 辅菜均匀地摆放在它们周围。根据“main courses”可知此处表示“它们”, 作介词around的宾语用宾格形式, 故填them。
63. 【解析】are prepared。考查时态和语态。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。陈述的是客观事实, 主语main dishes与prepare之间是被动关系, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态, 且主语为复数, 故谓语动词用复数, 故填are prepared。
64. 【解析】facing。考查非谓语动词。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。分析句子结构可知, 句子的谓语是will be placed, 因此此处为非谓语动词, they与face之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用现在分词作状语, 故填facing。
65. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。此处为非限制性定语从句, 关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语, 故填which。
第四部分　写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2021·威海高二检测)
假如你是李华, 你的新西兰笔友Pal想学做一道中国传统美食, 参加学校即将举办的美食节(Food Fair)。请你就此回复一封邮件, 内容包括名称及做法等。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Pal,
　　Glad to know that you’ll participate in your school’s Food Fair.
　　Do you think zongzi, one of Chinese traditional food is a good choice It’s easy to make! First, soak rice in water for 12 hours or so. Fold the boiled bamboo leaves and put rice in, with other ingredients such as meat, dates and yolks in the center. Wrap the fillings up into a pyramid shape. Tie it with thread. Finally, immerse them in water and boil 2 hours. The smell will make your mouth water.
　　Hope you’ll make it!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021·任丘高二检测)
A. J. shut the door of the truck. “Ready, ” he said. His dad started the truck. It was six o’clock and freezing, but the strong morning sun promised warmer temperatures. It had been colder than normal over the past week, and the ground and ponds were already frozen.
　　“After we check on the cows, ” Dad said, “you should have some time to practice roping cattle. ” A. J. wanted to enter the rodeos (牛仔竞技表演) in which cowboys rode wild horses, and caught cattle with ropes.
　　The best professionals could break from the gate on horseback, rope a calf (小牛), and hog-tie (捆绑) the calf in less than ten seconds. So far, A. J. needed nearly a minute and a half, but he’d only been at it for a few months.
　　The truck bounced down the dirt road. In a few minutes, they passed through the field gate.
　　A. J. pulled a pair of telescopes. The black spots of cows on the far hill took shape. The cows gathered around the pond. A. J. guessed they wanted the water locked under the ice. Suddenly, they heard extremely frightened shouts from one cow. Dad stopped the truck, and he and A. J. stared at the frozen pond anxiously.
　　A calf lay on the ice in the middle of the pond. A cow, no doubt the calf’s mother, stood onshore, shouting desperately. The calf struggled to get up but slipped and fell each time.
　　The morning sun seemed warmer. Too warmer. A. J. knew that the situation was urgent. If the calf lay there too long, she could fall through the ice and drown. Dad eased the truck down the hill and stopped at the edge of the pond. “No telling how long she’s been there, ” he said. “The ice could be about to melt. I don’t think we can risk it. ” Dad shook his head, “It’s just not safe. ”
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
　　A. J. watched the calf, whose eyes were wide with fear. __________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　It would be just like rodeo practice, A. J. thought, trying to stay calm. _______
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　A. J. watched the calf, whose eyes were wide with fear. Though frightened, the calf gathered all her strength to get up but slipped over and over again. Seeing the danger, the mother cow let out shouts with horror and cast helpless glances at A. J. and his dad as if begging them for help. An atmosphere of sadness blanketing the whole world, every nerve in A. J. ‘s body screamed at him that he must save the poor calf. All of a sudden, an idea came into his mind like a flash.
　　It would be just like rodeo practice, A. J. thought, trying to stay calm. He rushed to the truck to grab the rope quickly, aimed it at the calf and let it go. Luckily, he made it at the first attempt! With palms sweating, he and his dad struggled to pull the calf out of the frozen pond. After what seemed like a century, they managed to save the calf. Seeing the calf running to her mother happily, A. J. felt comforted and glad that what he had learned helped save a life.
【教师备选】
　　 阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2021·沧州高二检测)
According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
　　Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better. They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest, food or entertainment.
　　But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not really used up, you can go on and on. ” said Professor Veronika Job.
　　The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower. After a tiring task, those who believed, or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to the final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
　　Mr Job said, “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges. ”
　　The findings can help people who are battling against temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Based on a recent report, having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think. (要点1) Willpower, assumed to be a limited resource by some scientists, were thought to be only regained by rest, food, as well as entertainment. (要点2) However, this theory has been challenged. Researchers, including Veronika Job, conducted experiments and made some new discoveries. (要点3) If you believe that willpower is limitless, you will be more powerful, which is a potential help to resist temptation. (要点4)(共64张PPT)
Unit 3　Food and Culture
Reading and Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. Chinese ______　　　 中国菜肴
2. _____survey 先前的调查
3. hot red _______ 红辣椒
4. with the help of the head ____ 在厨师长的帮助下
5. the smelly ____ 臭臭的东西
6. a ____of bread 一片面包
7. Chinese green _____ 大葱
8. _____kebab 烤羊肉串
cuisine
prior
pepper
chef
stuff
slice
onion
lamb
9. _______dim sum 精致的点心
10. the __________stewed noodles 特色烩面
11. a _________age limit 最低年龄限制
12. the kinds of food local people ________
当地人吃的食物种类
13. the flavor of _____ 大蒜的味道
14. chicken and ______ 鸡肉和熏猪肉
15. a ____sandwich 火腿三明治
16. home-made _______ 自制香肠
elegant
exceptional
minimum
consume
garlic
bacon
ham
sausage
17. Chinese ________ 大白菜
18. Stewed chick with __________ 鸡炖蘑菇
cabbage
mushroom
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空
1. Study the example and refer __the explanation below.
2. He sliced the top ___his finger while he was cutting vegetables.
3. Prior __the Spring Festival, lots of activities will be well-prepared, such as
making dumplings and setting off fireworks.
4. The factory tried its best to keep pollution __a minimum.
5. The lecture will last from 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. , mainly consisting __three parts.
to
off
to
at
of
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语意思提示补全句子
1. __________________, and I will tell you what you are.
告诉我你吃什么, 我就能说出你是个什么样的人。
2. On the other hand, it ______________about Americans.
另一方面, 它确实告诉我们很多关于美国人的事情。
3. __________________________________________, we went looking for a good
place to eat in Beijing.
我和家人一到中国, 就在北京找一个吃饭的好去处。
Tell me what you eat
does tell us a lot
When my family and I had just arrived in China
4. The food was wonderful and different, but _______________________________
the friendship offered us.
食物很棒, 也很有特色, 但更重要的是我们收获了友谊。
5. What we can say, however, is ___________________________________, and if
you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. 然而, 我们可以确
定的是, 文化和美食这两者息息相关, 如果你没有体验过其中之一, 你就永远无
法真正了解另一个。
what was even more important was
that culture and cuisine go hand in hand
【构词规律】
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. 后缀“-al”常加于名词之后构成形容词。
exception → exceptional adj. 特别的, 例外的
person →________adj. 个人的
continent →__________adj. 大陆的
region →________adj. 地区性的
emotion →_________adj. 情绪的
personal
continental
regional
emotional
2. “动词+of”构成的短语
consist of　 由……组成(或构成)
______of 梦想; 梦见
________of 抱怨, 申诉
_____of 想起, 记起
dream
complain
think
阅读精析·合作学习
　Task 1　框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2. What’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about _______representing people’s personality, character
and _______.
the food
culture
【寻技巧·提能力】
理解因果关系
　　因果关系就是两个或多个事件之间的因果联系。它可以是前因后果或前果后因式的联系, 也可以是一因一果、一因多果、一果多因等的联系。一些直接的因果关系可以通过连词, 如because, so, for, since, thus, therefore, as a result 等做出判断。一些不明显的因果关系则需要理解上下文的逻辑意义才能做出判断。
Task 2　文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why does the author cite “you are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the theme of the article.
B. To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C. To show the impact of food on health.
D. To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
(2)What does the author think of General Tso’s chicken tasted in America
A. It is delicious.
B. It is not authentic.
C. It is too spicy.
D. It shows Chinese culture.
(3)What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A. The spicy food they ate.
B. Sichuan peppercorns.
C. The friendship they felt.
D. The new experience.
(4)What does the author find from eating dumplings in Shandong
A. Dumplings have to be eaten with vinegar.
B. Dumplings are the most popular in Shandong.
C. Everyone in Shandong can make dumplings.
D. Making dumplings is a family gathering.
(5)What does the author find different people in China have in common
A. They are all particular about food.
B. They are all good at making food.
C. They all show friendship and kindness.
D. They are all proud of their food and culture.
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Introduction The saying“you are what you eat”refers to people’s (1) ________________________
_______.
Before coming to China Only experience with Chinese food that had been changed (2) ______American tastes.
America’s (3) ____________Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken.
After coming to China Experience authentic Chinese foods.
In Beijing: Sichuan peppercorns;
In Shandong: boiled (4) __________;
In Xinjiang: boiled or roasted meat;
In Guangdong: (5) _______ dim sum;
In Henan: the (6) __________ stewed noodles;
Chinese people everywhere show (7) _____________________.
personality, character and
culture
to suit
most popular
dumplings
elegant
exceptional
friendship and kindness
Conclusion At a minimum, the kinds of food local people (8) ________ tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead and what they like and dislike;
Culture and cuisine go (9) ____________.
consume
hand in hand
课文语法填空
　　 As the saying (1)____(go), “You are what you eat. ” which means food is
(2)_________(associate) with our personality, character and culture. In fact, in many
ways this seems to be true.
I had a chance (3) ____________(experience) Chinese food by travelling in
China. When I ate in a Sichuan restaurant, I not only tasted the authentic Chinese
food (4)___ felt the friendship of Sichuan people. In Shandong, I learned that
(5)_______(make) dumplings offers a good chance for people to have a family get-
together, to (6)______ people there attach great (7)__________(important). As people
goes
associated
to experience
but
making
which
importance
in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia like to wander the open range on (8)______(horse),
they usually roast meat over an open fire.
I also learned that people in the south of China are particular (9)_____ food, and
people in central part of China cook noodles in a special way.
I met different people and experienced different food in China. I think that I
(10) ___________(know) more about Chinese culture than before after tasting so
many of their cuisines.
horses
about
have known
2. Long sentence analysis.
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
(1)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of
　形容词、分词短语作状语
Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so
　　　　　主句　　　　同位语　从属连词
the chef just began filling our table with the best food
　　从句中的主句
we had ever eaten.
从句中的定语从句
译文: ______________________________, 我们压根儿不知道如何点餐, 于是厨师
在我们桌上摆满了食物, 那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
又累又饿, 而且一个汉字也不认识
(2)It has become a favourite traditional dish of the
　　　　　　　　主句
people in North China, where making dumplings has always
　　　　　　　　　定语从句　动名词短语作从句主语
been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to
　　　　　　　　with的复合结构作状语
the oldest—joining in to help.
译文: 它(饺子)已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴, ___________________
_____________, 从最年轻的到最年长的, 每个人都参与进来帮忙。
在那里包饺子一直是
一项家庭活动
Task 3　阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. In China, if one is fond of having spicy food, which area might this person be
from What kind of character may he or she have (Logical Thinking 逻辑性思维)
____________________________________________________________________
____________
2. Do you agree with the idea that “culture and cuisine go hand in hand” (Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
This person might be from Hunan or Sichuan Province. He or she must be bold
and forceful.
Yes. Basically, it’s true. Because different cuisines are created depending on
different weather, produce, religion and other factors.
要点精研·探究学习
1. prior adj. 先前的; 优先的
*What did you do prior to coming here
你来这里之前做什么工作
*This task is prior to all others.
这项任务要比所有其他任务优先完成。
*It’s a priority to respect our parents. 首先要尊敬我们的父母。
*Fire engines have/take priority over other traffic.
消防车比其他车辆有优先通行权。
【词块积累】
(1)prior to 　　　 在……之前的, 先于
(2)be prior to 在……前面, 优先
(3)a priority to ……的优先权
(4)have/take priority over 有……的优先权
　　　　　【知识延伸】
表示“在……之前”的词汇还有:
before prep. 在……之前, 先于
ahead of 在……之前
in advance 预先; 提前
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Prior to ______(take) a working holiday abroad you will need to do a number of
things.
②Now he must make it a _______(prior)to fix the deeply broken system.
(2)They insist that the right to live should ________________all other
considerations.
他们坚持认为, 生存权利应放在其他一切考虑因素之上。
taking
priority
take priority over
2. consist vi. 由……组成/构成; 在于
*(2019·浙江高考) Rock music consists of many different styles.
摇滚乐由许多不同的风格组成。
*Happiness consists in serving the people.
幸福在于为人民服务。
*Our deeds must consist with our words.
我们必须言行一致。
【词块积累】
consist of 　　　 由……组成
consist in 在于; 存在于
consist with 与……一致; 并存
　　　　　 【知识延伸】
(1)表示“由……组成”的短语还有:
be made up of, be composed of
(2)表示“在于”的同义短语是: lie in
【小词汇·大文化】
Happiness consists in contentment. 知足常乐。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Life consists __not only sunshine but also hard times.
②I was surprised to find the bike didn’t consist ____what you advertised.
(2)同义替换
Success lies in (=_________) industry and modesty.
of
with
consists in
【词块积累】
(1)stuff. . . with. . . 用……填满/塞满……
(2)be stuffed with 塞满了, 挤满了
(3)and stuff 诸如此类
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①Giving hongbao, red envelopes ______(stuff) with money, at weddings has been
a tradition in China.
②This is the drawer where I keep paper, envelopes ____stuff.
(2)同义替换
The buses are always crowded with passengers during the rush hours.
=The buses are always ___________passengers during the rush hours.
stuffed
and
stuffed with
4. slice n. (切下的食物)薄片 vt. 把……切成薄片
*Put some butter on a slice of bread and add a teaspoon of butter.
在一片面包上放一些黄油, 再加一茶匙的黄油。
*(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture.
珍娜找到了面包, 把两片放入鸡蛋混合物中。
*He sliced a big piece off the bacon.
他切下一大块熏猪肉。
*If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or
sliced fruit.
如果你有榨汁机, 你可以仅仅放入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果。
【词块积累】
(1) a slice of 　　　 一片
(2) slice. . . off 把……切下来
sliced fruit 切片水果
slice. . . into slices 把……切成薄片
【巧学助记】
The beef is roasted in an oven until cooked and then sliced into slices.
牛肉在烤箱里烤熟, 然后被切成薄片。
【名师点津】
类似短语:
chip off 切下; 削去
chop off 砍掉
cut off 切断; 中断
cut out 裁剪; 删去; 关掉
cut away 切掉, 砍掉
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①There are two _____(slice) of turkey on the table.
②I usually buy _____(slice) bread—it’s less bother.
(2)At first, I ________________________________.
首先, 我把绿色蔬菜切成片。
(3)The 33-year-old enjoyed a small _____________by becoming the first Chinese
mainland golfer.
33岁的他成为了中国大陆首位高尔夫球手, 这也为他创造了一小段历史。
slices
sliced
sliced the green vegetable into pieces
slice of history
5. exceptional adj. 特别的; 罕见的
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with
an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
我们将在传统的小城镇里漫步, 并在上海的一个特别的博物馆结束我们的旅
行。
*Everyone should help clean this room and you are no exception.
每个人都应帮忙打扫房间, 而你也不例外。
*We all laughed, with the exception of Jerry.
除了杰瑞, 我们都笑了。
【词块积累】
(1)exceptional performance/circumstances/measures/ ability. . . 非同一般的表现/情况/措施/能力等
(2)except 　　 prep. 除……之外
except for 除了……以外; 要不是由于
except that. . . 只可惜; 除了……之外
(3)exception n. 例外; 异议
with the exception of 除了……以外
no exception 无一例外
(4)exceptionally adv. 异常地; 特殊地; 例外地
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①Gregory is ____________(exceptional) good at computer programming.
②All passed the examination ____the exception of two students.
③The senior executive said the P40 series will be available in all markets except ___
the United States, Brazil and Republic of Korea.
(2) __________________are different in some ways from others of the same age.
特别的孩子在某些方面与其同龄人不同。
exceptionally
with
for
Exceptional children
6. consume vt. 吃; 喝; 饮; 消耗, 消费
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。
*The consumption of the resources on the earth is increasing at an alarming rate.
地球上资源的消耗正以惊人的速度增长。
*We should adopt the consumers’ reasonable suggestions.
我们应该采纳消费者的合理建议。
【词块积累】
(1)consume sth. 　　　 消耗/吃掉/花费某物
be consumed with 受……的折磨; 充满
(2)consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消耗; 消费
【名师点津】“吃”法有不同
eat普通用词, 既可用于人, 也可用于动物。
dine正式用词, 可指任何一餐, 也指特殊用餐。
have可与eat换用, 但强调一次性的动作。
consume侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净。
swallow主要指 “咽”, 常指匆匆忙忙地吃。
【熟词生义】
The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood.
( )
大火很快烧毁了附近的旧木房子。
vt. 烧毁; 毁灭
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to __________
(consume).
②Computers account for 5% of the country’s commercial electricity ____________
(consume).
③Alcohol can damage the liver and do great harm if _________(consume) in large
quantities.
(2)同义替换
I was suddenly full of (=_____________) curiosity about him.
consumers
consumption
consumed
consumed with
7. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿, 而且一个汉字也不认识, 我们压根儿不知道如何点餐, 于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物, 那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
【句式解构】
形容词或形容词短语可以作状语, 表示方式、伴随、原因、时间、条件、让步等。
﹡(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off. (伴随)
他曾试图把狗哄到他身边, 但狗吓坏了, 跑掉了。
﹡Brave, good and strong, Xiulian is the character we care about most. (原因)
勇敢、善良、坚强, 秀莲是我们最关心的人物。
*Ripe, these apples are sweet.
这些苹果熟了, 味道很甜。(时间/条件)
*Wet or fine, he always gets up at six and takes a walk in the park.
不管是晴天还是下雨天, 他总是六点钟起床, 并到公园里散散步。(让步)
【即学活用】
(1)When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, _______
___________(紧张又困惑).
(2)Tom stared at the footprint, _________(充满了恐惧).
(3) _______________________________, Mr Green went down to wake her.
格林先生下去叫醒她, 是因为这个女孩睡过了头惹恼了他。
nervous
and puzzled
full of fear
Angry with the girl for oversleeping
8. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans.
另一方面, 它确实告诉我们很多关于美国人的事情。
【句式解构】
助动词does或do加在动词原形前面表示对谓语动词的强调, 它属于一般现在时
的强调句式用法。如果是对一般过去时的强调, 则用助动词did。
﹡He does like singing.
他确实喜欢唱歌。
﹡Please! Do be quiet a moment!
求求你们! 安静一会儿!
﹡That’s exactly what Reed did say.
里德确实是那样说的。
【巧学助记】
(1)does+动词原形, 强调现在的动作(主语是单数形式)
(2)do+动词原形, 强调现在的动作(主语是复数形式)
(3)did+动词原形, 强调过去的动作(无单复数形式)
【即学活用】
(1)I _______that you won’t lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese.
我真的希望你不要灰心, 继续学习中文。
(2)Sitting in front of the screen ___________________and physical posture of
children.
坐在屏幕前确实会损害孩子的眼睛和身体姿势。
do hope
does damage the eyes
【要点拾遗】
1. elegant adj. 精美的, 文雅的; 讲究的
*He is one of the richest and most elegant gentlemen and lives an elegant life.
他是最富有、最优雅的绅士之一, 并且过着优雅的生活。
*The young woman is tall, with a figure of perfect elegance.
这位年轻女士身材高挑, 举止优雅。
*Some advertisements are so elegantly presented that we are inspired or even moved.
有些广告是呈现得如此优雅, 以至于我们受到启发, 甚至被感动。
【词块积累】
(1)the elegant way 优雅的方式
elegant manners 举止优雅
(2)elegance n. 优雅
(3)elegantly adv. 优雅地
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①The carpet adds an air of ________(elegant) to the room.
②Jane danced the _____________(elegant) of all the students in the class.
(2)(2019·天津高考) I was extremely inspired by _______________________
________.
这句话优美的发音方式给了我极大的启发。
elegance
most elegantly
the elegant way the words
sounded
2. stable adj. 稳定的, 牢固的; 稳重的
*However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the children’s stable life.
但是, 以他目前的状况来看, 他的来访会扰乱孩子们稳定的生活。
*Due to his negative behavior, he is always regarded as the most unstable element of the team.
由于他的消极行为, 他总被视为团队中最不稳定的因素。
【词块积累】
(1)stable life 　 稳定的生活
(2)unstable adj. 不稳定的
(3)stability n. 稳定
【易混辨析】
stable和steady在表示 “稳定” 或 “巩固” 方面有几乎相同的意思并常可互换。
stable更侧重“稳固, 固定, 不变”, 如 a stable table, a stable job。
steady更侧重“平稳, 规律性”, 如a steady increase, a steady wind, a steady speed。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)Without this balance in the cycle, the system becomes ________(stable).
(2)The older generation of Chinese cares more about social _______(stable) while
the younger generation cares more about education and environment.
unstable
stability
【拓视野·观天下】
1. Prior to the pandemic, we were already providing food to 250, 000 people a
month—more than ever before in our history.
在疫情之前, 我们已经每月向25万人提供粮食——这是我们历史上的最高水
平。
2. Each year it hosts many activities, such as forums on the Chinese economy and
culture, Chinese cuisine festivals and Spring Festival gala.
每年它都会举办许多活动, 比如中国经济和文化论坛、中国烹饪节和春节联欢
晚会。
3. In Chengdu, one of the UNESCO Creative Cities of Gastronomy, cuisine comes not only from elegant restaurants but also from street food.
成都是联合国教科文组织认定的美食创意城市之一, 这里的美食不仅来自优雅的餐馆, 还来自街头小吃。
4. Cantonese dim sum plays a crucial background role in everything from wontons to bean curd rolls. 广东点心, 在从云吞到豆腐卷的一切事物中都扮演着关键的背景角色。(共13张PPT)
Unit 3　 Food and Culture
Learning About Language
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
【情境探究】
Dialogue 1:
Dialogue 2:
观察对话中黑体部分的时态和语态并类比填空。
(1)He ____ already _____(be) to Shanghai earlier this week.
(2)I left the shop after I __________(buy) what I wanted.
(3)The task ________________(finish) before 12: 00 yesterday.
had
been
had bought
had been finished
【要义详析】
一、过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态, 句中常用
by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。过去完成时除了强调动作发生在过去
之外, 还常用于间接引语和虚拟语气的句子中。例如:
*We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.
到去年年底, 我们已经建了五座新大楼。
*The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。
*The researchers said at least 4% of the population in those countries had been
infected.
研究人员表示, 那些国家至少有4%的人口被感染。
*The letter was passed from one to another until everyone had read it. 这封信从一
个人传到另一个人, 直到每个人都看完。
*Helen said(that)she had moved to another flat.
海伦说她已经搬到另一套公寓去了。
*If only we had listened to their advice!
要是我们听了他们的建议就好了!
【名师点津】过去完成时的标志词和句型
　　by+过去时间点, before, until, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . ; no sooner. . . than; It was the first/second. . . time that. . . (从句用过去完成时)
二、过去完成时的构成
1. 肯定句: 主语 + had + 过去分词+其他.
2. 否定句: 主语 + had + not + 过去分词+其他.
3. 疑问句: Had + 主语 + 过去分词+其他
疑问代词/疑问副词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词+其他
*The Union sent letters to the embassy to cheer on the Chinese people who had fought against the epidemic.
工会致函大使馆, 为抗击疫情的中国人民加油。
*The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. 这个国家还没有从战争的影响中恢复过来。
*How many new words had you learned before the foreign teacher came to your school
在外教来你们学校之前, 你们学了多少新单词
三、过去完成时的被动语态的形式
1. 肯定句: 主语+ had been done +其他成分.
2. 否定句: 主语+ had not been done +其他成分.
3. 疑问句: Had +主语+ been done +其他成分
疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分
*By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. 当他到达学校时, 第一节课已经结束了。
*The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 那个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。
*How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended 当飓风结束时, 有多少建筑物被摧毁了
【名师点津】
(1)过去完成时指发生在过去之前, 也就是过去的过去的动作。用过去完成时必须有一个表过去的时间作对比。例如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
他写完作业以后才去睡觉。
(2)如果两个动作紧接着发生, 则常常不用过去完成时, 特别是在包含before和after的复合句中, 因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确, 可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 到达英国后, 马克思努力提高他的英语水平。
【即学活用】
用正确的时态和语态填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)One morning she told her children about a family she
__________(visit) the day before.
(2)It was supposed that he _______(have)a sudden attack of faintness.
(3)All the fine ladies and gentlemen of the countryside ________
______(invite)before the party began.
(4)It was the first time she ____ ever _______ (speak) before such a big audience.
(5)Police asked passers-by if they ________(see) the accident happen.
(6)Nothing could have saved him even if he _______________(tend) without delay.
had visited
had had
had been
invited
had
spoken
had seen
had been tended
【语法主题应用】
　　根据语境和所给词汇, 用本单元所学的时态填空
　　Our school was built in 1902. When I studied there, it 1. ________(be)famous
throughout the country. By 1978, the school’s use 2. ___________(change) several
times. By the end of last century, our school 3. ___________(become) a provincial
model high school. When I graduated, our school 4. ________(win) many honors
both at home and abroad. Before last year’s anniversary of the founding of our
school, all the school buildings 5. _______________(rebuild) and it is now larger
and more beautiful than before.
had been
had changed
had become
had won
had been rebuilt

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