江苏省无锡市崇安区2013届九年级中考一模试题(5科5份)

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江苏省无锡市崇安区2013届九年级中考一模试题(5科5份)

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2013年崇安区初三调研测试
化学试卷
本试题分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,共20小题。
注意事项:
1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
2.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的正确选项涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题卷上。
3.答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔作答,答案写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上。如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案。不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量: H:1 C:12 N:14 O:16 Na:23 P:31 S:32 Ba:137
第I卷 (选择题 共15分)
选择题(本题包括15小题,每小题只有1个选项符合题意。每小题1分,共15分)
1.下列过程主要发生化学变化的是
A.蜡烛熔化 B.葡萄酿酒 C.海水晒盐 D.干冰升华
2.与元素的化学性质关系最密切的是
A.元素的相对原子质量 B.元素的核电荷数
C.原子的核外电子数 D.原子的最外层电子数
3.近期饮食安全成为大家非常关心的话题,下列有关做法不合理的是
A.用甲醛浸泡海产品杀菌和保鲜 B.发酵后的面团中加入小苏打做馒头
C.用洗洁精洗去餐具上的油污 D.将氮气充入食品包装袋中以防腐
4.下列食物中富含糖类的是
A. 馒头 B.清蒸鱼 C.炖牛肉 D.清炒芹菜
5.2月29日,新发布的《环境空气质量标准》中增加了PM2.5监测指标。PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,下列措施能减少PM2.5污染的是
A.鼓励开私家车出行          B.鼓励使用太阳能热水器
C.鼓励用煤火力发电 D.鼓励用液化石油气作燃料
6.小张同学在实验室配制50g6%的氯化钠溶液,下图所示的部分操作错误的是
7.从微观粒子的角度分析,下列叙述正确的是
A. 水结冰后分子停止运动 B. 氢原子和氧原子保持水的化学性质
C. 氯化钠晶体由氯化钠分子构成 D. 氧化汞分子在化学变化中能够再分
8.下列有关实验现象的描述正确的是
A.铁丝在氧气中燃烧,有黑色四氧化三铁生成
B.点燃棉花纤维能闻到烧焦的羽毛味
C.镁条放入稀盐酸中,反应后溶液温度升高
D.电解水产生的氢气与氧气的体积比为l︰2
9.分类是学习化学的一种重要的科学方法。下列物质分类正确的是
A.碱:纯碱、火碱、氨水 B.混合物:空气、钢、煤
C.可燃物:酒精、氧气、木炭 D.氧化物:水、二氧化碳、熟石灰
10.下列叙述正确的是
A.叶色发黄并有倒伏现象可施用硝酸钾 B.物质与氧气发生的反应都是燃烧
C.少量碘放入水中充分搅拌可得到溶液 D.人体缺钙会引起骨质疏松或贫血
11.达菲是治疗人类感染禽流感的一种药物,其化学式是C16H31N2PO8,下列说法正确的是
A.达菲是无机化合物
B.达菲中碳、氢两种元素的质量比是16:31
C.每个达菲分子中含有57个原子
D.达菲相对分子质量为410
12.甲、乙两固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示,下列说法正确的是
A.甲物质的溶解度为20g
B.t1℃时,30g甲加入到50g水中最多可得70g溶液
C.t2℃时,乙物质的饱和溶液升温变成不饱和溶液
D.t2℃,甲、乙两物质的饱和溶液分别降温到t1℃时,所得溶液中溶质质量分数的大小关系是:甲<乙
13.在实验室中,小明同学为了探究金属与盐溶液的反应规律,将一定质量的某种金属M的粉末放入AgNO3与Cu(NO3)2的混合溶液中,实验过程及现象如图所示,结合实际现象判断,小明同学得出的以下结论中,错误的是
A.加入的金属M可能是单质铁 B.滤渣中一定含有金属单质M
C.滤渣中一定含有单质铜 D.滤液中一定没有银离子
14.下列方案的设计中,可行的是
①在树木上涂刷含有硫磺粉等的石灰浆,可保护树木;②图书馆内图书失火,选用二氧
化碳灭火器扑灭;③用NaOH溶液除去CO2中的CO气体;④用牵牛花制作指示剂,检验
溶液的酸碱性;⑤用食品级碳酸氢钠和柠檬酸自制汽水。⑥用肥皂水区分硬水和软水
A.②③⑥ B.②④⑤⑥ C.①②④⑤⑥ D.③⑤⑥
15.下列图像能正确反映实验过程中相应量变化的是
A.图①:将接近饱和的硝酸钾溶液缓慢降温
B.图②:向一定量的氢氧化钡溶液中加过量稀硫酸
C.图③:向氢氧化钠溶液中加水
D.图④:向一定量的稀硫酸中加入过量的锌
第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题 共35分)
16.(8分)化学就在我们身边,它与我们的生活息息相关。
(1)现有H、C、O、Ca四种元素,请选用其中的元素写出符合下列要求的化学式各一个:
①可做还原剂的气体化合物 ; ②食醋中含有的酸 ;
③天然气的主要成分 ; ④可作补钙剂的盐 。
(2)某品牌矿泉水标签上标明的矿泉水主要成分如下表所示,请根据图表回答下列问题:
水质主要成分(mg/L)
偏硅酸(H2SiO3) 28.9—42.9碳酸氢根 173—205氯离子 1.0—8.0 镁 2.5—7.5 钙 5—45钠 45—70钾 0.5—2.0pH 7.8±0.5
①写出矿泉水标签中含有的一种金属元素(填元素符号) ;
②碳酸氢根离子的化学符号是 ;氯离子的结构示意图为 , 则x的值为 ;
③请写出矿泉水瓶在初中化学实验应用中的一个实例 。
17.(5分)请你用化学方程式解释下列问题,并在括号内注明基本反应类型:
(1)正常雨水pH≈5.6的原因是 ,(     )反应;
(2)用稀硫酸清除铁锈 ,(     )反应;
(3)硅是信息技术的关键材料。高温下氢气与四氯化硅(SiCl4)反应可制得高纯度的硅,同时生成氯化氢。该反应的化学方程式为 。
18.(7分)通过一年的化学学习,你已经掌握了实验室制取气体的有关规律,以下是老师提供的一些实验装置,根据下图回答下列问题:
(1)写出图中仪器①的名称 。
(2)关闭A装置中的止水夹后,从长颈漏斗向锥形瓶中注入一定量的水,静止后如图所示,则A装置是否漏气? (填“漏气”、“不漏气”或“无法确定”)。
(3)实验室制取二氧化碳的化学方程式是 ,收集装置是 (填字母)。Na、Mg等活泼金属也可以在CO2中燃烧,某同学收集到一瓶CO2后,通过实验验证Mg条也能够在CO2中燃烧。下列物品中他需要使用的有 。
①酒精灯 ②铁架台 ③坩埚钳 ④砂纸 ⑤试管夹 ⑥蒸发皿
(4)氨气是无色、有刺激性气味、极易溶于水的气体,实验室常用加热氯化铵和熟石灰固体混合物的方法制取氨气,则实验室制取并收集氨气的最佳装置组合是 。(填字母)
(5)在用KClO3加热制O2的过程中,发现产生O2的反应速率很慢,经检查不是KClO3变质,也不是装置气密性不好,你认为最可能的原因是 。
19.(6分)纳米碳酸钡是一种重要的无机化工产品,下图是某厂生产纳米碳酸钡的工艺流程。请回答下列问题:
(1)BaCO3中碳元素的化合价为 。
(2) 试剂A的化学式是 ,若在实验室中进行该实验,操作1和操作2的名称是 。
(3)操作3为洗涤、检验和烘干,其中洗涤的作用是 ,检验洗涤是否干净的方法是(要求有步骤、现象和结论) 。
(4)上述流程中可循环利用的物质是 。
20.(9分)某化学课堂围绕“酸碱中和反应”,将学生分成若干小组,在老师引导下开展探究活动。以下是教学片段,请你参与学习并帮助填写空格(包括表中空格)。
【演示实验】将一定量的稀H2SO4加入到盛有NaOH溶液的烧杯中。
【学生板演】该反应的化学方程式 。
Ⅰ.定性探究
【提出问题】实验中未观察到明显现象,部分同学产生了疑问:反应后溶液中溶质是什么呢?
【猜 想】针对疑问大家纷纷提出猜想。甲组同学的猜想如下:
猜想一:只有Na2SO4 猜想二:有Na2SO4和H2SO4
猜想三:有Na2SO4和NaOH 猜想四:有Na2SO4、H2SO4和NaOH
乙组同学对以上猜想提出质疑,认为有一种猜想是不合理的。你认为不合理的猜想是哪一种并说出理由 。
【继续实验】(1)丙组同学取烧杯中的少量溶液于试管中,滴加几滴CuSO4溶液,无明显变化,溶液中一定没有 。
(2)为了验证其余猜想,各组同学取烧杯中的溶液,并选用老师提供的pH试纸、铜片、BaC12溶液、Na2CO3溶液,分别进行如下三组探究实验。
实验方案 测溶液pH 滴加Na2CO3溶液 滴加BaCl2溶液
实验操作
实验现象 试纸变色,比照比色卡,pH<7 产生白色沉淀
实验结论 溶液中有H2SO4 溶液中有H2SO4 溶液中有H2SO4
【得出结论】通过探究,全班同学一致确定猜想二是正确的。
【评价反思】老师对同学们能用多种方法进行探究,并且得出正确结论给予肯定。同时指出上述三个实验探究中存在两处明显错误,请大家反思。同学们经过反思发现了这两处错误:(1)实验操作中明显的一处错误是 ;
(2)实验方案探究中也有一个是不合理的,不合理的原因是 。
II.定量探究
取上述【演示实验】反应后烧杯中的溶液100 g,设计如下实验:
计算反应后溶液中Na2SO4的质量分数是多少?(请列出计算过程)
2013年崇安区初三调研测试
化学参考答案及评分说明
说明:1.在化学方程式的书写中:①凡写错化学式、漏写反应物或生成物的化学式和未配平的均不给分。②反应条件、沉淀及气体符号等错误,满三处扣1分。
2.凡专用名词写错别字均不给分。
3.答主观题时,若使用与参考答案不同的其他合理答案同样给分。
第I卷 选择题(共15分)
选择题(每小题1分,共15分)
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.D
第II卷(非选择题 共35分)
16. (8分,每空1分)(1)①CO ②CH3COOH ③CH4 ④CaCO3
(2)①Mg(或Na 、Ca、K) ②HCO3- 8 ③证明二氧化碳溶于水等合理答案
17. (5分,每空1分)(1)CO2 + H2O===H2CO3 化合 (2)Fe2O3+3H2SO4==Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O 复分解 (3)2H2+SiCl4==Si+4HCl
18. (7分,每空1分)(1)长颈漏斗 (2)不漏气 (3)CaCO3+2HCl = CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O
D ①③④ (4)BF (5) 未加MnO2(或未加催化剂)
19. (6分,每空1分)(1)+4 (2)HCl 过滤 (3)除去沉淀(固体)表面的可溶性杂质 取样,往洗涤液中滴加硝酸银溶液,观察是否有白色沉淀生成,若有,则未洗涤干净;若无,则洗涤干净。 (4)CO2
20. (9分,除计算外其余每空1分))【学生板演】H2SO4+2NaOH═Na2SO4 +2H2O
【猜 想】猜想四, H2SO4 和NaOH会发生反应
【继续实验】(1)NaOH或氢氧化钠 (2)有气泡产生
【评价反思】(1)pH试纸浸入溶液中
(2)BaC12与Na2SO4反应也会生成白色沉淀,不能证明一定有H2SO4存在
解:设与溶液中H2SO4反应生成Na2SO4的质量为x,原100g反应后溶液中含Na2SO4的质量为y。 H2SO4+2NaOH═Na2SO4 +2H2O Na2SO4 + BaC12====BaSO4↓+2NaCl
80 142 142 233
20g×10% x 3.55g+y 23.3g
x=3.55g(1分) y=10.65g (1分)
硫酸钠的质量分数= (1分) 答:(略)
A.取一定量的NaCl B.称取3gNaCl C.量取47mL水 D.溶解
2
8
x
+17
2
8
x
+17

过滤、洗涤、晾干、称量
反应后溶液100g
滴加10%NaOH溶液至pH=7
共用去NaOH溶液20g
无色溶液
加足量BaCl2溶液
23.3g白色固体2013年崇安区初三调研测试
物理试卷
(本卷中g均取10N/kg)
本试卷分试题和答题卡两部分,所有答案一律写在答题卡上.试卷满分为80分.
一、选择题:(本题共12题,每题2分,共24分.每题给出的四个选项中只有一个正确)
1、下列说法正确的是
2、如图中所示的四种现象中,属于光的反射现象的是
3、前一时期,无锡的气温创历史新低,让我们感受了寒春的威力。所谓“春捂”,保暖内衣依旧不离身,保暖内衣比较暖和,主要是由于它的制作材料(物理属性)的
A.观赏性好 B.弹性好 C.密度小 D.导热性能差
4、如图是某物质加热时温度随时间变化的图象。下列对图象的分析正确的是
A.该物质一定是晶体
B.0~t1时间内物质的分子热运动加剧
C.t1~t2时间内物质的温度不变内能不变
D.T2一定是物质的沸点
5、如图所示的电蚊拍,具有灭蚊和照明等功能。当开关
Sl闭合、S2断开时,只有灭蚊网通电起到灭蚊作用;当开关Sl和S2都闭合时,灭蚊网与灯都通电同时起到灭蚊和照明作用。下列电路设计符合这种要求的是
6、如图所示为乒乓球在水平地面上连续弹跳时产生的轨迹的一部分,该图表明:
A.在图中乒乓球的弹跳方向为自右向左
B.乒乓球弹跳时机械能守恒
C.乒乓球运动过程中重力势能一直减小
D.乒乓球某次弹起过程中,弹起瞬间的动能大于
此过程最高点时的重力势能
7、冬天,常看到室外的自来水管包了一层保温材料,是为了防止水管冻裂,水管被冻裂的主要原因是
A、水管里的水结成冰后,体积变大 B、水管里的水结成冰后,质量变大
C、水管里的水结成冰后,密度变大 D、水管本身耐寒冷程度不够而破裂
8、下列关于力学现象的解释中不正确的是
A.人用力推车,车未动,是因为推力等于摩擦阻力
B.火车(或动车)使用的铁轨铺在枕木上是为了减小对地面的压力
C.书本静止在课桌上,是因为书本受到的重力与桌面对它的支持力平衡
D.浮在水面上的轮船受到的浮力等于轮船的重力
9、如图是一手压电筒,按压手柄,塑料齿轮带动线圈内磁性飞轮高速旋转,使灯泡发光.下图中与这一过程的工作原理相同的是
10. 用相同的滑轮和绳子分别组成如图所示的甲、乙两个滑轮组,把
相同的重物匀速提升相同的高度.若不计绳重及摩擦,下列说法正确
的是
A.绳子受的拉力F1和F2大小相等,滑轮组的机械效率相同
B.绳子受的拉力F1和F2大小不相等,滑轮组的机械效率不同
C.绳子自由端移动的距离不相等,拉力对滑轮组所做的功相等
D.绳子自由端移动的距离不相等,拉力对滑轮组所做的功不相等
11、如图为小科设计的遮光感烟探测器部分工作原理图,在一个外部光线无法进入的烟室中,装有一个激光发生器及带有一感光电阻(R0)的电路,R为定值电阻,电源电压恒定;当烟雾进入烟室后,激光被烟雾遮挡而使感光电阻的阻值发生变化。当烟雾达到某一浓度时,探测器便会发出警报。已知光照越强,感光电阻阻值越小,反之则越大。当烟雾进入烟室并越来越浓时,则
A.电路的总电阻逐渐变小 B.电压表的示数逐渐变大
C.电流表的示数逐渐变大 D.R消耗的电功率逐渐变大
12、小明利用“压敏电阻的阻值随所受压力的增大而减小”的性质,设计了判断物体运动状态的装置.其工作原理如图甲所示,电源、电流表、定值电阻和压敏电阻由导线连接成一个串联电路,压敏电阻和一块挡板固定在绝缘小车上,中间放置一个可活动的绝缘球,压敏电阻不受力时,电流表示数为I0,小车运动状态变化会引起电流表示数变化.如图乙所示是某次小车向右作直线运动时电流随时间变化图像.下列有关该次小车运动状态的判断正确的是
A.0到t1时间内,小车速度变大 B.t1到t2时间内,小车速度不变
C.t2到t3时间内,小车速度变大 D.t3到t4时间内,小车速度变小
二、填空题(每空1分,共25分)
13、2011年11月3日1时23分,“神舟八号”到达“天宫一号”30米停泊点,开始以0.2米/秒的相对速度向“天宫一号”缓缓靠拢对接。
(1)从30米的停泊点到相互接触共耗时 ▲ 秒。
(2)对接完成后,若以“天宫一号”为参照物,“神舟八号”
是 ▲ 的。
(3)整个交会对接过程的实现是利用 ▲ 传递信息。
14、在“研究水的沸腾”实验中:
(1)所用的液体温度计是利用液体______▲_______的性质制成的。为了完成本次实验,由表格可知,应选用测温物质为_______▲______的温度计.
(2)实验时所用装置如右图,小明得出水沸腾条件:达到沸点且继续吸热,但他发现刚撤掉酒精灯时,烧杯内的水没有立即停止沸腾,你认为可能的原因 ▲
___________________________________________________________(写出一条即可)。
15、在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中。
(1)如图甲所示,一束平行于凸透镜主光轴的光线经过凸透镜后,在光屏上形成了一个最小、最亮的光斑。由图甲可知,凸透镜的焦距为 ▲ cm。
(2)把烛焰放在距凸透镜17cm处时如图乙所示,在凸透镜另一侧移动光屏,会在光屏上得到一个倒立、 ▲ (选填“放大”、“等大”或“缩小”)的实像; ▲ (选填“投影仪”、“照相机”或“放大镜”)就是利用这一成像规律工作的。
16、“漂移”是一种高难度的汽车驾驶技巧,有一种“漂移”如图是连续拍摄一辆轿车“漂移”的照片:当轿车在水平地面上疾驶时,驾驶员此时突然刹车,但汽车仍要向前行驶,这是由于汽车具有 ▲ ,同时转动方向盘,汽车急转弯,这是摩擦力改变了汽车的 ▲ ,该过程中汽车轮胎温度升高,这主要是通过 ▲ 的方式改变了车胎的内能。
17、如图所示为家庭电路常用的两种墙壁开关,其按钮可绕面板内某轴转动.根据你的生活经验,你认为 ▲ (甲/乙)较易损坏,这是因为按动这种开关的 ▲ 较小,按动需要的力较大;墙壁开关应与所控制的电灯 ▲ 联.
18、如图所示,利用弹簧测力计拉着物体在水平面上匀速向右运动,该物体受到的摩擦力为 ▲ N。当弹簧测力计的示数增大为4N时,该物体受到的摩擦力为 ▲ N。
19、电子式电能表表盘上标有“3200imp/(kW·h)”字样(如右图所示),将某用电器单独接在该电能表上正常工作30min,电能表指示灯闪烁了320次.该用电器在上述时间内消耗的电能为 ▲ kW·h,它的实际电功率是 ▲ W。则这个用电器可能是: ▲ (选填:“电水壶”、“空调器”或“电视机”)。
20、如图甲所示,电源电压保持不变,小灯泡的额定电压为12V。闭合开关S后,当滑片P从最右端滑到最左端的过程中,小灯泡的I—U关系图像如图乙所示。则小灯泡的额定功率为 ▲ W,电源电压为 ▲ V,滑动变阻器的最大阻值为 ▲ Ω。
21、小球从高处下落到竖直放置的轻弹簧上(如图甲),在刚接触轻弹簧的瞬间(如图乙),速度为5m/s。将弹簧压缩到最短(如图丙)的整个过程中,小球的速度和弹簧缩短的长度△L之间的关系如图丁所示,其中A为曲线的最高点。已知该轻弹簧每受到0.2牛的压力就缩短1厘米,并且轻弹簧在受到撞击到压缩到最短的整个过程中始终发生弹性形变。
在撞击轻弹簧到轻弹簧压缩到最短的过程中,小球的动能变化过程是 ▲ 。小球受到的重力为 ▲ N (不考虑空气阻力) 。
三、解答题(本题共5小题,共31分)
22、(4分)按要求作图:
(1)请在图中,作出光线由空气斜射入水时的反射光线和大致的折射光线。
(2)如图所示,重为G的物体放在水平面上,用力F使其翻转(物体不滑动),请画出物体重力示意图和力F的力臂l。
23、(6分)今年小明家种植柑橘获得了丰收。小明想:柑橘的密度是多少呢?于是,他将柑橘带到学校实验室,用天平、溢水杯来测量柑橘的密度。
(1)他用天平测柑橘的质量时,向右盘中添加砝码,当加上最小砝码后,发现指针静止时指在分度盘右侧的位置,则接下去的操作应是8.8×107 _____▲__________ ___ 。天平平衡时,右盘里砝码的质量、游码位置如图甲所示,该柑橘质量为 ▲ g。
(2)测量柑橘体积步骤如图乙,测得装满水的溢水杯的总质量是360g;然后借助牙签使这个柑橘浸没在溢水杯中,当溢水杯停止排水后再取出柑橘,接着测得溢水杯的总质量是240g。则该柑橘浸没在水中所受浮力为 ▲ N;该柑橘的体积为 ▲ cm3。
(3) 该柑橘的密度为 ▲ kg/m3,小明用这种方法测出的该柑橘的密度 ▲ (选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)它的实际密度。
24、(5分)从高空下落的物体,速度会越来越快,而所受空气阻力也会随速度的增大而增大,因此物体下落一段距离后将以某一速度作匀速运动(如图频闪摄影照片),通常把这个速度称为收尾速度。例如雨滴从高空下落后越来越快,但在接近地面时作匀速运动。
研究发现,在相同环境条件下,空气对不同材质的球形物体的阻力与球的半径和球的速度都有关系,下表为某次研究的实验数据
(1)编号为4号的小球,当小球受到的阻力最大时的速度为 ▲ m/s,
此时小球受到的阻力为 ▲____N。
(2)比较小球2和3可归纳出:球形物体所受空气阻力f与球的半径r的关系是:当收尾速度一定时,f与 __▲ 成 ▲____关系。
(3)小明通过比较表格中1、2号小球的数据得出:球形物体所受空气阻力f除了与小球的半径有关,还与球形物体的收尾速度有关。根据上述规律,则5号小球的质量为 ▲ g。
25、(4分)为了探究电流做功与哪些因素有关,小军依照电流的热效应设计了如图甲的装置,他将两段阻值不同的电阻丝(R1(1)在实验中电流做功多少是通过观察气球 ▲ 来体现的,这种用能直接观测的量来显示不容易直接观测的量的方法叫“转换法”.
(2)甲装置可探究电流做功与 ▲ 有关.
(3)小强设计的实验装置如图乙所示(烧瓶与甲图中的相同).比较甲、乙两种不同的实验装置,你认为较好的装置是 ▲ ,理由是: ▲ .
26、(4分)小阳利用已有的实验器材,为了测定标有“2.5V”字样小灯泡的额定功率,设计了如图甲所示的电路图,其中虚框内相当于一个可调电源(可总体当一个电源),定值电阻R0的阻值为5Ω。
(1)请你依据电路图用笔画线代替导线,把图乙连接完整。(导线不得交叉)
(2)正确连接好电路后,闭合开关S,调节滑动变阻器滑片,使电流表A1示数为 ▲ A时,小灯泡正常发光。此时电流表A2的示数如图丙所示,则小灯泡的额定功率为
▲ W。
(3)在实验测量过程中,电流表A1与R0串联起来作用相当于 ▲ 。
27、(8分)阅读下面短文,回答相关问题:
空气能热水器
空气能热水器(如图甲)是吸收空气的热能来制造热水的装置。其耗能约为电热水器的四分之一。空气能属于可再生的新能源,拥有先天的节能环保的优势。
图乙是空气能热水器的工作原理示意图,它主要由储水箱、毛细管、蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器等部件组成。制冷剂在毛细管、蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器之间循环过程与我们所熟悉的电冰箱的制冷循环过程相同,其工作过程如下:
A.液态制冷剂经过一段很细的毛细管缓慢地进入蒸发器,液态制冷剂可吸收外界空气的热能,在蒸发器内部转化为气态①。
B.制冷剂汽化生成的蒸气被压缩机压缩后变成高温高压的蒸气进入冷凝器。
C.在冷凝器中,高温高压的蒸气通过冷凝器时从气态转化为液态,同时释放出大量的热量,被水箱中储备水吸收,使水温升高,从而达到制热水的目的②。
空气能热水器有一个很重要的指标是能效比,它是指水箱中的水吸收的热能(Q)与压缩机等电器消耗的电能(W)的比值。能效比越高,说明热水器的制热效果越好。
请回答下列问题:
(1)试写出文中划线部分①的物态变化的名称: ▲ ;划线部分②中是利用
▲ 的方式改变了水的内能。
(2)利用空气能热水器制热水,其效率 ▲ (选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)1,原因是由于 ▲ 。
(3)某品牌空气能热水器正常工作时的参数如下:
从表格中的数据可知(写出必要的计算过程):
①该空气能热水器正常工作1h消耗的电能多大?
②这1h产生的热水的体积为多大? (C水=4.2×103J/(kg ℃);ρ水=1.0×103kg/m3)
2013年崇安区初三调研试卷
物理答案
一、选择题(本题共12题,每题2分,共24分.每题给出的四个选项中只有一个正确)
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案 D C D B C D A B A C B C
二、填空题(每空1分,共25分)
13、(1)150 (2)静止 (3)电磁波
14、(1)热胀冷缩 水银 (2)水能继续从铁圈(石棉网)上吸收热量(合理即可)
15、(1)11.0cm (2)放大 投影仪
16、惯性 运动状态 做功
17、甲 力臂 串联
18、3.6N 3.6N
19、0.1Kw.h 200W 电视机
20、24W 12V 9Ω
21、先变大后变小 1N
三、解答题(本题共5小题,共31分)
22、
23、(1)取下最小的砝码,然后移动游码 114g (2)1.2N 120cm3
(3) 0.95×103Kg/m3 偏小
24、(1)20m/s 0.4N (2)半径平方(r2) 正比 (3)80g
25、 (1)体积变化 (2)电压U
(3)乙 甲现象不容易比较体积的大小或乙现象更直观明显(合理即可)
26、 (1)图略 (2)0.5A 0.75W (3)电压表
27、(1)汽化;热传递(2)大于;制冷剂可以从空气中额外的吸收热量
(3)①(2分)W=Pt=0.84KW×1h=0.84KW·h=3.024×106J
②(2分)
A、太空中宇航员 B、手在小提琴上不 C、道路两旁的隔音 D、B超检查身体是
对话,说明声音 同位置按弦,主要 墙是在声源处减弱 超声波在医学中
可在真空中传播 目的是改变响度 噪声 的应用
A. 三棱镜分解白光 B. 笔在水面处“折断” C. 水面上山的“倒影” D. 手影游戏
第11题 第12题
第15题 第16题
第17题 第18题
甲 乙
(1) (2)2013年崇安区初三调研测试
英语试卷
考试时间:100分钟
一、单项填空 在A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(本大
题共14分,每小题1分)
1. I hear you’ll have _________ one-week holiday _________ next month. Is that right
A. a; the B. a; / C. an; the D. an; /
2. —Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan
—________ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favourtite.
A. All B. Either C. None D. Neither
3. The murder happened _________ the farm _________ a rainy night.
A. in; in B. on; on C. in; on D. on; in
4. —When will you go back to your hometown
—_________.
A. Not until the work is finished B. Until the work is finished
C. After the work will be finished D. As soon as the work will be finished
5. What should we do first if we want to _________ our village
A. decide B. discover C. describe D. develop
6. He didn’t listen to the teacher carefully, _________, he couldn’t answer the questions.
A. for example B. even though C. as a result D. as usual
7. The cleaners should not be looked down on and they are angels of the city _________.
A. in some ways B. all the way C. on the way D. by the way
8. How terrible! I just wonder _________.
A. whose the rubbish belongs to B. who the rubbish belongs to
C. whose does the rubbish belong to D. who does the rubbish belong to
9. You _________ believe what he has said. It _________ be true.
A. needn’t to; shouldn’t B. needn’t; can’t
C. don’t need; may not D. don’t need to; mustn’t
10. —My plan is _________ videos at home. What are you going to do, Jenny
—Well, I prefer _________ movies at the cinema.
A. to watch; see B. watching; see C. watching; to see D. to watch; to see
11. My father _________ Beijing many times. He _________ there again last week.
A. has been to; has gone B. has gone to;went C. has been in; has gone D. has been to; went
12. —What’s the matter with you, Sandy
—I’m _________ a bad cold. I think I am dying.
A. going wrong B. getting into C. suffering from D. catching up with
13. Mike _________ English, but now he is better at it than _________ in his class.
A. is used to hate; any student B. used to hate; the other students
C. is used to hating; all the other students D. used to hate; all the students
14. —How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna
— _________.
A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went there alone
C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way
二、完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意, 然后从下面四个答案中选择可以填入
相应空白处的最佳答案。 (本大题共10分,每小题1分)
Building a house is an operation which costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to
15 a house, your first step is to find a suitable piece of 16 . You will probably try to 17 a sunny place, in a pleasant situation, near stores and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work.
Next you will find an 18 builder. And together with the builder you will make a 19 . The builder will draw it. The builder will also 20 the cost of your house. He will estimate(估计)the cost of the wood, the glass, and everything else that he must use in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate must 21 , because the prices may 22 , and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.
23 the builder gives you his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. You may find that some of the things you wanted at first cost too much, or that you can 24 a little more and add something to your original(原来的,最初的) plan.
15. A. buy B. create C. build D. find
16. A. floor B. place C. land D. playground
17. A. look for B. look C. search D. find
18. A. excited B. experienced C. interesting D. extra
19. A. map B. plan C. decision D. visit
20. A. find out B. carry on C. work out D. work on
21. A. be corrected B. be copied C. be read D. be written
22. A. raise B. change C. disappear D. influence
23. A. When B. While C. Before D. Since
24. A. cost B. spend C. take D. pay for
三、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文,然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。(本大题共26分,
每小题2分)
(A)
TODAY’S WEATHER
East England, North East England: Mostly rather cloudy at first, although it will be dry. Bright or sunny spells(一段) are expected in many places by the afternoon. Light went to southwest winds.
North West Scotland, Northern Ireland: a lot of cloud is expected. Western coast will also see some light rain at times. Light southwest winds.
South Wales, West Scotland: cloudy at first but bright or sunny spells should develop, away from western coasts, by the afternoon. Light west winds.
Edinburgh, North East Scotland: a dry day with some pleasantly warm sunshine by the afternoon, especially around Edinburgh. Light west or southwest winds.
Outlook: Dry, bright and warm once again in central and eastern parts. Western coasts will be still rather cloudy with the chance of a little rain.
FOUR—DAY FORECAST
CITY Today Tomorrow Saturday Sunday
Glasgow 21℃cloudy 20℃rainy 18℃cloudy 25℃fine
Newcastle 21℃fine 21℃cloudy 20℃cloudy 22℃cloudy
Liverpool 20℃cloudy 22℃cloudy 20℃cloudy 24℃rainy
London 26℃cloudy 25℃fine 26℃fine 27℃sunny
Birmingham 25℃fine 23℃cloudy 21℃cloudy 24℃fine
25. What day is today
A. Friday. B. Thursday. C. Tuesday. D. Monday.
26. In the afternoon, the weather in __________________ will not get better.
A. North East England B. Northern Ireland
C. West Scotland D. North East Scotland
27. There are southwest winds in some parts of Britain EXCEPT__________________.
A. East England B. North West Scotland C. South Wales D. Edinburgh
(B)
Apple’s logo is one of the most familiar icons around the world.
But what’s the story about the Apple logo The image of the apple is obvious, because that’s the name of the company. What about the bite The famous story is that the logo shows respect(尊敬) and honour for Alan Turing. He was the father of computer science. He researched artificial intelligence(人工智能) and unlocked German wartime codes(密码). However, after the war, he was put into prison, because of his beliefs.He could not stand the looking down and chose to bite a poisoned apple to end his life in the prison.
However, Rob Janoff, who designed the famous Apple logo, said, “It’s not the truth, but only a legend(传说). The real reason why I designed it with a bite is very simple. I wanted people to get that it was an apple not a cherry. When I go to markets to buy apples, I always mistake apples for cherries. It really has nothing to do with the scientist.”
Are you kidding An apple is much bigger than a cherry. It’s very easy to tell. But if you use an apple to design a logo, some people may mistake it for a cherry.
28. Both the apple and the cherry are almost the same actually in__________________.
A. shape B. size C. colour D. weight
29. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “kidding”
A. joking B. a little child
C. a kind of logo D. nodding
30. What’s the purpose of writing the passage about the apple logo
A. To introduce its designer. B. To tell us a legend about it
C. To try to find the truth of it. D. To explain its market research.
(C)
Recently, a professor of philosophy(哲学教授) in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to keep record of every penny(便士) they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they can see what they really value in life.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who own a lot of it to be very important. The writer interviewed some millionaires in researching his book.
Question: What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich, because you are a self-made man
Answer: The most surprising thing is why people regard me so highly. I am nothing. I do not know much. All I am is rich.
People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for How much do I need for any given purposes in my life In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument(工具) rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
31. According to the first paragraph, people have not realized __________________.
A. how important money is in their day-to-day life
B. how one spends money shows what is important to him
C. that money is more important than their philosophy of life
D. that their understanding of life is more important than money
32. What can we learn about the millionaire from his answer in the interview
A. He does not feel that he is well educated.
B. He does not think that he is a very important person.
C. He does not think that being rich is worth so much attention.
D. He does not consider himself to be very successful.
33. Which of the following might the writer DISAGREE
A. Money is important in modern society.
B. The meaning of life does not completely lie in money.
C. Wealth(财富) will surely bring the owner happiness.
D. Happiness is not necessarily the result of wealth.
(D)
We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器) Shouldn’t we know who they are
Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. Besides learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to Mclean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to find chances for inventing and more active to give inventing a try.”
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard(在…上) a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device(内置设备) for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started to think it over. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from(受益于) countless inventions. Can you imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light
34. By talking about “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the writer wants to say that countless inventions are __________________.
A. advantageous, because their inventors are famous
B. advantageous, though their inventors are less famous
C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous
D. not useful, though their inventors are famous
35. Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to __________________.
A. add colour and variety to students’ school life
B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention
C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D. prepare students to try their own invention
36. The passage leads us to believe Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was __________________.
A. not finally accepted by the umbrella producer
B. inspired by(受启发) the story behind the windshield wiper
C. because of his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D. not connected with Professor Joan McLean’s course
37. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers
B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window
C. Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper
D. Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities
第二卷(主观题 共40分)
四、词汇运用 (本大题共8分,每小题1分)
根据句意和汉语注释,写出所给单词的正确形式。
1. He was too (急躁的) to listen to what I said.
2. Jim (立即) rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang.
3. Do you know who was the first person to (证明) the earth is round
4. Over 40 new books are on (减价) at 25 per cent off their normal price.
(B)根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. He was a big man in his (forty), smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
6. The wallet is one of the (postman) there, he has been looking for it the whole morning.
7. We need a further (discuss) to decide whether to order a new washing machine.
8. After lying in bed for three hours, I felt even (sleepy).
五、动词填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。(本大题共8分,每小题1分)
1. The Greens (collect) more than 1000 old clocks and watches in the past 5 years.
2. The man (look) relaxed as he sat in the chair watching TV.
3. Zhang Wei sent me an e-mail the day before yesterday. He (not reply) to mine for nearly 2 months.
4. If Steve finishes the job in time, he ____________ (allow) to have a two-week off.
5. Listen! How beautiful the song “You and me” (sound)! Are you familiar with it
6.—Did you notice anybody enter the building just now
—Sorry, I (cut) down the tree in the garden.
7. I think this is the very work that we must finish (help) her.
8. The news said that the scientists (compare) it with the first cloned sheep the next day.
六、短文填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根据短文内容和所给首字母, 在空格内填入一个适当的词,使短文意思完整。所填单词在答题卷上 必须完整写出。 (本大题共5分,每格0.5分)
There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order to pay the high tuition(学费)for my brother and me. They h 2 say “I love you” or send flowers to each other. Besides, my father has a bad temper(脾气). It is easy for him to l 3 his temper when he’s very tired from the hard work. I didn’t know whether there was love between them u 4 one spring. At that time, my father suddenly got badly sick. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very w 5 as if both of them had a serious illness.
After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk(黄昏). H 6 , after two months my father still couldn’t walk by himself. All of us were worried about him.
“Dad, how are you feeling now ” I asked him one day.
“Susan, don’t worry about me,” he said in a low v 7 . “I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” R 8 his eyes, I know he loves my mother very much.
Once I thought love m 9 flowers, presents and sweet kisses. But from this e 10 , I understand that love is inside, making life strong and warm.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4. __________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9. __________ 10.__________
七、完成句子 按所给的汉语,用英语完成下列句子。(本大题9分,每小题1.5分)
1. 我把大部分精力花在这份工作上是值得的。
The job is worth __________________________________.
2. 如果你在保持学习和爱好的平衡方面有困难的话,向青年工作者征求建议吧。
If you __________________________________between your schoolwork and hobbies, ask the youth workers for suggestions.
3. 如何与周围的人相处是你离开学校后要学的第一课。
_________________________________the people around you is the first lesson you have to take after leaving school.
4. 他真的已经离开实验室一个小时了。
It’s _________________________________for one hour.
5. 她成功通过驾照考试的希望似乎不大。
There __________________________________much hope of her passing the driving exam.
6. 众所周知,大多数中国人学习英语时过多地关注语法。
It’s known to all that _________________________________ grammar when most Chinese people learn English.
八、书面表达 (本大题共10分)
为了节能环保及方便出行,提高生活质量,无锡市政府近两年来在很多地段为市民提供公共自行车服务,但部分市民对此了解不够。假如你是一位志愿者,周日上午来到崇安寺对市民进行自行车借用宣传。请根据以下提示写出一篇演讲稿。
提示:1. 环境问题已经成为当今世界最重要的话题之一。
2. 无锡市政府2012年9月在中心城区投放500辆公共自行车,据说以后还会增加投放数量。
3. 可以在很多地方借用自行车,非常方便;
4. 如果借用自行车,……;
5. 希望多骑车出行……(请至少列出骑车出行的两点好处。)
要求:1. 演讲稿内容必须包括以上提示,可适当发挥;
2. 表达清楚,语句通顺,意思连贯,书写规范;
3. 第3和第4要点用3~4句做适当发挥;
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名;写一篇80字左右的演讲稿。演讲稿的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:convenient(方便), low-carbon(低碳)
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
May I have your attention, please I’m glad to tell you something about using public bikes in Wuxi. __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening. Have a nice weekend!
无锡市崇安区初三调研测试
英语答案
第Ⅰ卷(客观题 共50分)
一、单项填空
1-5 BCBAD 6-10 CABBD 11-14 DCBA
二、完形填空
15-19 CCDBB 20-24 CABAB
三、阅读理解
25-27 BBC 28-30 AAC 31-33 BCC 34-37 BDBC
第Ⅱ卷(主观题 共40分)
四、词汇运用
1. impatient 2. immediately 3. prove 4. offer
5. forties 6. postmen’s 7. discussion 8. sleepier
五、动词填空
1. have collected 2. looked 3. hadn’t replied 4.will be allowed
5. sounds 6. was cutting 7. to help 8. would compare
六、短文填空
1. trying 2. hardly 3. lose 4. until 5. weak
6. However 7. voice 8. Reading 9. meant 10. experience
七、完成句子
putting most of my effort into
have difficulty keeping a balance
How to get along with
true that he has been away from the laboratory
doesn’t seem to be
too much attention is paid to
八、书面表达
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
May I have your attention, please I’m glad to tell you something about using public bikes in Wuxi. Now environment has become one of the most important topics in this world. Last September, Wuxi government put 500 public bikes in use in the city center. It is reported that there will be more later. It is convenient to borrow public bikes in many places. However, if you decide to borrow one, please take care of the bike and return it in time. Remember, riding a bike is not only good for our city, but also for your health. (80 words)
Thank you for your listening. Have a nice weekend!2012~2013学年第二学期期中试卷
初三数学
注意事项: 1.本卷满分130分.考试时间为120分钟.
2.卷中除要求近似计算的结果取近似值外,其余各题均应给出精确结果.
一、选择题(本大题共10题,每小题3分,共计30分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应的答案涂黑.)
1.-3的绝对值是………………………………………………………………………( ▲ )
A.3 B.-3 C. D.-
2.下列运算正确的是……………………………………………………………………( ▲ )
A.3a+2a=5a2 B.(2a)3=6a3 C.(x+1)2=x2+1 D.x2-4=(x+2)(x-2)
3.下列图形中不是中心对称图形的是…………………………………………………( ▲ )
A.矩形 B.菱形 C.正五边形 D.平行四边形
4.如图,AB∥ED,∠ECF=70°,则∠BAF的度数为………………………………( ▲ )
A.130° B.110° C.70° D.20°
5.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90 ,AB=5,AC=4,若把Rt△ABC绕边AC所在直线旋转一周,则所得的几何体的全面积为……………………………………………( ▲ )
A.15π B.20π C.24π D.36π
6.学校为了解七年级学生参加课外兴趣小组活动情况,随机调查了40名学生,将结果绘制成了如图所示的频数分布直方图,则参加绘画兴趣小组的频率是……………( ▲ )
A.0.3 B.0.25 C.0.15 D.0.1
7.若相交两圆⊙O1、⊙O2的半径分别是2和4,则圆心距O1O2可能取的值是…( ▲ )
A.1 B.2 C.4 D.6
8.已知一等腰三角形的腰长为5,底边长为4,底角为β.满足下列条件的三角形不一定与已知三角形全等的是………………………………………………………………( ▲ )
A.两条边长分别为4,5,它们的夹角为β B.三条边长分别是4,5,5
C.两个角是β,它们的夹边为4 D.两条边长是5,一个角是β
9.若二次函数y=x2-6x+c的图象过A(-1,y1)、B(2,y2)、C(3+,y3)三点,则y1、y2、y3的大小关系正确的是…………………………………………………………( ▲ )
A.y1>y2>y3 B.y1>y3>y2 C.y2>y1>y3 D.y3>y1>y2
10.如图,在五边形ABCDE中,∠BAE=120°,∠B=∠E=90°,
AB=BC=1,AE=DE=2,在BC、DE上分别找一点M、N,
使△AMN的周长最小,则△AMN的最小周长为…( ▲ )
A.2 B.2
C.4 D.5
二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共计16分.请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上.)
11.函数y=中,自变量x的取值范围是 ▲ .
12.分解因式 3a2-6ab+3b2= ▲ .
13.PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于0.0000025m的颗粒物. 将0.0000025用科学记数法可表示为 ▲ .
14.关于x、y的方程组 中,x+y= ▲ .
15.若一个多边形的内角和为900 ,则这个多边形的边数是 ▲ .
16.在直角△ABC中,∠C=90°,AD平分∠BAC交BC于点D,若CD=4,则点D到斜边AB的距离为 ▲ .
17.如图,AB是⊙O的直径,弦CD⊥AB,垂足为E,如果AB=26,CD=24,那么sin∠OCE= ▲ .
18.如图,Rt△AOB中,O为坐标原点,∠AOB=90°,∠B=30°,如果点A在反比例函数y= (x>0)的图象上运动,那么点B在函数 ▲ (填函数解析式)的图象上运动.
三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共计84分.)
19.(本题满分8分)(1)计算:()-1--20130;(2)化简:+.
20.(本题满分8分)(1)解方程:x2-6x+4=0; (2)解不等式组:.
21.(本题满分8分)如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,BE、DF分别是∠ABC、∠ADC的平分线,且与对角线AC分别相交于点E、F. 求证:AE=CF.
22.(本题满分8分)如图所示,有一张“太阳”和两张“月亮”共三张精美卡片,它们除花形外,其余都一样.
(1)从三张卡片中一次抽出两张卡片,请通过列表或画树状图的方法,求出两张卡片都是“月亮”的概率;
(2)若再添加几张“太阳”卡片后,任意抽出一张卡片,使得抽出“太阳”卡片的概率为,那么应添加多少张“太阳”卡片?请说明理由.
23.(本题满分8分)小敏为了解我市的空气质量情况,从环境监测网随机抽取了若干天的空气质量情况作为样本进行统计,绘制了如图所示的条形统计图和扇形统计图
(部分信息未给出).
请你根据图中提供的信息,解答下列问题:
(1)计算被抽取的天数;
(2)请补全条形统计图,并求扇形统计图中表示优的扇形的圆心角度数;
(3)请估计该市这一年(365天)达到优和良的总天数.
24.(本题满分8分)如图,已知点C是∠AOB的边OB上的一点,求作⊙P,使它经过O、C两点,且圆心P恰好在∠AOB的角平分线上.
(尺规作图,保留痕迹)
25.(本题满分8分)公园中有一棵树和一座塔恰好座落在一条笔直的道路上. 在途中A处,小杰测得树顶和塔尖的仰角分别为45 和30 ,继续前进8米至B处,又测得树顶和塔尖的仰角分别为16 和45 ,试问这棵树和这座塔的高度分别为多少米?
(结果精确到0.1米. 参考数据:≈1.414,≈1.732,
tan16 ≈0.287,sin16 ≈0.276,cos16 ≈0.961)
26.(本题满分8分)国家为控制房价,出台新规“征收非唯一二手房房产交易盈利部分的20%的个人所得税”,(房产交易盈利=实际成交价格 —原购买价格).
老王五年前购买了第二套房产,总价为60万,现想把这套房卖掉.除个人所得税外,还要缴纳契税、营业税及其他税.如下表:
房产面积 契税(占成交价) 营业税(占房产交易盈利) 其他税(占成交价)
不超过90m2 1% 0% 1%
不超过144 m2 1.5% 0% 1%
超过144m2 3% 5.5% 1%
老王这套房子现在的市场价为7000元/ m2.
(1)假设老王房子的面积是150 m2,求老王共纳税多少万元?
(2)老王这套房子实际共纳税100500元,求老王这套房子的面积有多大?
27.(本题满分10分)如图,一条抛物线经过原点和点C(8,0),A、B是该抛物线上的两点,AB∥x轴,OA=5,AB=2.点E在线段OC上,作∠MEN=∠AOC,使∠MEN的一边始终经过点A,另一边交线段BC于点F,连接AF.
(1)求抛物线的解析式;
(2)当点F是BC的中点时,求点E的坐标;
(3)当△AEF是等腰三角形时,求点E的坐标.
28.(本题满分10分)如图,△ABC中,∠C=90 ,AC=3,BC=4. 点D从C点出发沿射线CA以每秒1个单位长度的速度匀速运动,同时点E从A点出发沿AB以每秒1个单位长度的速度向B点匀速运动,当点E到达B点时D、E都停止运动.
点M是DE的中点,直线MN⊥DE交直线BC于点N,点M′ 与M点关于直线BC对称.点D、E的运动时间为t(秒).
(1)当t=1时,AD=___________,△ADE的面积为 ;
(2)设四边形BCDE的面积为S,当0<t<3时,求S与t的函数关系式;
(3)当直线MN与△ABC的一边垂直时,求t的值;
(4)当△MNM′ 为等腰直角三角形时,直接写出t的值.
2012~2013学年第二学期期中试卷
初三数学参考答案与评分标准
一、选择题:(每题3分)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A D C B C A C D B B
二、填空题:(每题2分)
11.x≠1 12.3(a-b)2 13.2.5×10-6 14.9
15.7 16.4 17. 18.y=-
三、解答题:
19.(共8分)(1)解:原式=2-2-1………………(3分) =-1 ……………… (4分)
(2)解:原式=…………(1分) =………(3分)=x+5……… (4分)
20.(共8分)(1)x=………………… (2分)=3±………………… (4分)
(2)分别求得两个解集,x<3,x≥-1………(3分,解对一个得2分)
故原不等式组的解集是-1≤x<3……………………………(4分)
21.(共8分)证明:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,
∴AB∥CD,AB=CD. …………………………………………(2分)
∴∠BAC=∠DCA,∠ABC=∠CDA…………………………(4分)
∵BE、DF分别是∠ABC、∠ADC的平分线
∴∠1=∠ABC,∠2=∠CDA,∴∠1=∠2………………(5分)
在△ABE和△CDF中,…………………(6分)
∴AE=CF. ………………………………………………………(8分)
22.(共8分)(1)树状图或表格,略…………………………………………………(3分)
由树状图或表格可知,从三张卡片中抽出两张卡片,共有等可能的结果6种. …(4分)
其中两种卡片都是月亮的结果有2种,P(抽到两张月亮)==………………(6分)
(2)设添加x张太阳卡片,P==,解得x=3(最好检验下)………………(8分)
23.(共8分)(1)∵扇形图中空气为良所占比例为64%,条形图中空气为良的天数为32天,∴被抽取的总天数为:32÷64%=50(天). ……………………(2分)
(2)轻微污染天数是50-32-8-3-1-1=5天. 因此补全条形统计图如图所示:
.……………………………………(4分)
扇形统计图中表示优的圆心角度数
是×360°=57.6°…………(6分)
(3)∵样本中优和良的天数分别为:8,32,
∴一年(365天)达到优和良的总天数为:×365=292(天).
因此,估计该市一年达到优和良的总天数为292天.……………………………(8分)
24.(共8分)作线段OC的中垂线………………………………………………………(3分)
作∠AOB的角平分线………………………………………………………(6分)
两线交点为P,作⊙P………………………………………………………(8分)
25.(共8分)设塔高DF=a米,树高CE=b米.
在Rt△DBF中,DF=a,∠DBF=45°,∴BF=DF=a……………………(1分)
在Rt△DAF中,DF=a,∠DAF=30°,∴AF=DF=a………………(2分)
∴AB=AF-BF=(-1)a=8………………………………………………(3分)
∴a=4(+1)≈4(1.732+1)=10.928≈10.9(米)…………………………(4分)
同理,AE=CE=b,BE=,……………………………………………(5分)
∴AB=BE-AE=-b=8………………………………………………(6分)
∴b=≈=3.220≈3.2(米)………………………………(7分)
答:塔高10.9米,树高3.2米.………………………………………………(8分)
26.(共8分)(1)该套房子现在实际成交价格为7000×150=1050000(元)=105万元交易盈利为105-60=45(万元)…………………………………(1分)
共需纳税45(20%+5.5%)+105(3%+1%)=15.675(万元)………(3分)
(2)设老王这套房子的面积为xm2,实纳税款为y万元.
则实际成交价格为0.7x万元,交易盈利为(0.7x-60)万元…………………(4分)
当0<x≤90时,y=0.7x(1%+1%)+(0.7x-60)20%=0.22×0.7x-12
≤0.22×0.7×90-12=1.86(万元)
当90<x≤144时,y=0.7x(1.5%+1%)+(0.7x-60)20%=0.225×0.7x-12
≤0.225×0.7×144-12=10.68(万元)
当x>144时,y=0.7x(3%+1%)+(0.7x-60)(20%+5.5%)=0.295×0.7x-15.3
>0.295×0.7×144-15.3=14.436(万元)
(第3段情况可不写)…………………………………………………(6分)
可知老王房子面积90<x≤144,于是0.225×0.7x-12=10.05…………(7分)
解得x=140,即老王这套房子面积是140m2.……………………………(8分)
27.(共10分)(1)抛物线中,AB∥OC,由对称性可知有等腰梯形AOCB.
而OA=5,AB=2,OC=8
则A(3,4),B(5,4)………………………………………(1分)
抛物线的解析式是y=-x2+x……………………………(2分)
(2)可以证明△AOE∽△ECF……………………………………………………(3分)
则=,不妨设E(x,0),其中0≤x≤8,
由=,整理得x2-8x+12.5=0,解得x=…………………(4分)
从而点E的坐标为(,0)………………………………………… (5分)
(3)由(2)中相似还可知AO:EC=AE:EF,若△AEF为等腰三角形,则有三种可能.
①当EA=EF时,有EC=AO=5,∴ E(3,0)………………………… (7分)
②当AE=AF时,作AH⊥EF于H,有AE:EF=5:6
∴EC=AO=6,∴ E(2,0)…… (9分)
③当FA=FE时,同理可得AE:EF=6:5
∴EC=AO=,∴ E(,0)…… (10分)
综上所述,符合要求的点E有三个.
28.(共10分)(1)2,………………………………………………………… (2分)
(2)当0<t<3时,AE=t,AD=3-t ……………………………………… (3分)
S=×t(3-t)=-t2+t…………………………………………………(4分)
(3)由MN⊥DE,若直线MN与△ABC的一边垂直,则有3种情形:
①DE∥BC,此时MN⊥BC,DE⊥AC,由t+t=3,解得t=……… (5分)
②当t=0时,MN⊥AC;
③当t=3时,DE在AB上,MN⊥AB.………………………………… (6分)
(4)当0<t≤3时,如图1,t+t+t=3,得t=…………………………(8分)
当3<t≤5时,如图2,t-t+t=3,得t=……………………… (10分)
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