资源简介 昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习化 学 试 卷 2013. 5可能用到的相对原子质量 H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23?Cl 35.5?K 39 Ca 40 Mn 55一、选择题(每小题只有1个选项符合题意。共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分)1.空气成分中,体积分数最大的是A.氮气 B.氧气 C.二氧化碳 D.稀有气体2.下列自然资源的利用过程中,发生了化学变化的是A.海水晒盐 B.风力发电 C.铁矿石炼铁 D.太阳能取暖3.地壳中含量最多的非金属元素是A.铝 B.铁 C.硅 D.氧4.下列物质在氧气中充分燃烧,能产生大量白烟的是A.硫 B.红磷 C.木炭 D.铁丝5.将少量下列物质分别放入水中,充分搅拌后能形成溶液的是A.蔗糖 B.面粉 C.泥土 D.汽油6.将压扁的乒乓球放入热水中会重新鼓起,是由于球内的气体分子A.体积增大 B.质量增大 C.间隔增大 D.个数增多7.下列物质中,含有氢分子的是A.H2SO4 B.H2O C.H2 D.H2O28.与元素的化学性质关系最密切的是原子的A.核外电子数 B.最外层电子数 C.相对原子质量 D.核内质子数9.氢氧化钠的俗称为A.火碱 B.熟石灰 C.纯碱 D.大理石10.一种氟原子的原子核内有9个质子和10个中子,该原子的核电荷数为A.7 B.9 C.10 D.1911.下列物质性质的表述中,属于化学性质的是A.铝呈银白色 B.碳酸易分解C.食盐易溶于水 D.二氧化碳无色无味12.下列操作中,可以鉴别空气、氧气和二氧化碳三瓶气体的是A.观察气体颜色 B.闻气体的气味C.插入燃着的木条 D.倒入澄清的石灰水13.下列实验操作中,正确的是A.倾倒液体 B.稀释浓硫酸 C.蒸发食盐水 D.加热液体14.下列物质中,能用作磷肥的是A.K2SO4 B.CO(NH2)2 C.NH4NO3 D.Ca(H2PO4)215.下列物质露置于空气中,质量会减少的是A.浓硫酸 B.浓盐酸 C.氢氧化钠 D.氯化钠16.垃圾分类从你我他开始。废弃塑料瓶属于 A.可回收物 B.有害垃圾 C.厨余垃圾 D.其他垃圾17.硫酸与氢氧化钠发生反应:H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O,此反应属于A.化合反应 B.分解反应 C.置换反应 D.复分解反应18.物质X是一种重要的阻燃剂。用三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)生产X的化学方程式为Sb2O3 + 2H2O2 X + 2H2O。X的化学式为A.SbO2 B.Sb2O5 C.HSbO3 D.H3SbO419.下列物质的化学式书写中,不正确的是A.氯化氢 HCl B.氧化铝AlO C.硫酸锌 ZnSO4 D.氢氧化钙 Ca(OH)220.下列叙述中,正确的是A. 水结冰后分子停止运动 B. 氯化钠晶体由氯化钠分子构成C. 氢原子和氧原子保持水的化学性质 D. 氧化汞分子在化学变化中能够再分21.下列有关描述中,不正确的是A. 进入山洞时用火把照明 B. 清理沼气池前做灯火实验C. 人体缺铁元素可能会导致贫血 D. 天然气泄漏,立即关闭阀门并打开门窗22. 下列生活事实的解释中,不合理的是A. 洗洁精能清除油污,因其具有乳化作用B. 一氧化碳可做燃料,因该气体具有可燃性C. 某合金可做保险丝,因该合金的熔点低D. 蜡烛燃烧后质量减轻,因该反应不遵循质量守恒定律23. 区分下列各组物质的两种方法都合理的是A B C D需区分的物质 锦纶和羊毛 四氧化三铁和二氧化锰 人体吸入的空气和呼出的气体 厕所清洁剂(含HCl)和炉具清洁剂(含NaOH)方法一 观察颜色 用磁铁吸引 加入澄清的石灰水 加入酚酞溶液方法二 点燃,观察灰烬 加入蒸馏水 观察颜色 加入小苏打24. 汽车安全气囊中装有叠氮化钠(NaN3)等固体粉末。工业上将金属钠与无水的液氨(NH3)反应得氨基钠(NaNH2),再将氨基钠与一氧化二氮反应可生成叠氮化钠、氢氧化钠和氨气。下列说法中,不正确的是A. 安全气囊中选用叠氮化钠的原因可能是NaN3迅速分解放出大量N2B. 钠可能与水反应C. 制备叠氮化钠反应中,主要涉及的化学方程式为:Na + NH3 NaNH2 + H2↑ 2NaNH2+N2O NaN3+NaOH+NH3↑D. 工业级NaN3中可能含有Na2CO325.二氧化硫是造成酸雨的主要气体,其水溶液叫亚硫酸(H2SO3)。硫化氢(H2S)是一种具有臭鸡蛋气味的剧毒气体,其水溶液叫氢硫酸。已知相同的条件下,氢硫酸的酸性弱于亚硫酸。室温下向饱和的亚硫酸溶液中通入过量的硫化氢气体,反应的化学方程式为:2H2S+H2SO3 3S↓+3H2O。下列溶液的pH随通入硫化氢体积的变化曲线示意图中,正确的是A B C D二、填空题(共5个小题,共30分)26.(5分)碳是人类接触得最早、利用得最多的元素之一。(1)在元素周期表中,碳元素的信息如右图所示,碳元素的相对原子质量为 。(2)坚硬无比的金刚石,柔软易碎的石墨,还有神秘的C60都是由碳元素组成的(填“单质”或“化合物”)。(3)市场上出售的椰壳活性炭具有疏松多孔的结构,具有极强的 性,可以用于除去装修产生的有害气体。(4)碳酸氢钙【Ca(HCO3)2】是一种补钙剂,其中碳元素的化合价为 。(5)可用盐酸鉴别贝壳的主要成分为CaCO3,用化学方程式表示其原因: 。27.(6分)水和溶液在生命活动和生产、生活中起着十分重要的作用。(1)为了防止水的污染,下列做法中,有利于保护水资源的是______(填序号)。①抑制水中所有动、植物生长; ②不任意排放工业废水;③大量使用化肥农药; ④生活污水经过净化处理后再排放。(2)从组成角度看:水是由___________组成的 。(3)根据下图,回答问题。硝酸钾、氯化钠、氢氧化钙的溶解度曲线①交点P的含义是_____。②随温度升高,氢氧化钙溶解度的变化趋势是_____。③如图所示,小烧杯中分别取等质量的三种物质的饱和溶液,分别放入装有等质量水的大烧杯中, 若向大烧杯中的水(室温)中加入等质量的硝酸铵使之充分溶解。下列关于该实验的说法中,正确的是____(填字母序号)。甲 乙 丙A. 甲、乙的小烧杯中有晶体析出,丙的小烧杯中变浑浊B. 整个过程中,三只小烧杯中溶剂的质量不变C. 80℃时,硝酸钾溶液的浓度一定大于氯化钠溶液的浓度D. 整个过程中,三种物质的溶液均为饱和溶液28.(6分)能源、环境与人类的生活和社会发展密切相关。(1)目前人类通过化学反应获得的能量大多来自于 、石油、天然气等化石燃料。(2)二氧化硫、氮氧化物和 这三项是雾霾主要组成,前两者为气态污染物,最后一项才是加重雾霾天气污染的罪魁祸首。① 城市有毒颗粒物来源:首先是汽车尾气。化学使天更蓝,汽车使用氢气作燃料的原因是(用化学方程式表示)________。② 雾霾天气会对肺脏造成损伤。多吃些富含维生素的食物可达到清肺、润肺、养肺的功效。下列食物中,富含维生素的是 (填字母序号)。A.米饭 B.蔬菜 C.水果(3)工业上用甲和乙反应制备燃料丙。① 丙中C、H、O元素的质量比为 。② 反应中甲、乙、丙的分子个数比为 。29.(6分)金属在生活和生产中有广泛的应用。(1)下列金属制品中,利用金属导热性的是 (填字母序号)。A.黄金饰品 B.铝蒸锅 C.铜导线(2)铁生锈的条件是 。(3)工业上用一氧化碳和赤铁矿炼铁反应的化学方程式为 。(4)工业上生产电路板及处理废液的工艺流程如下:Ⅰ. 步骤①反应的化学方程式为 。Ⅱ. 步骤②得到滤渣的成分是 。30. (7分) 制作松花蛋的主要原料可能有生石灰、纯碱和食盐,化学兴趣小组为了确定该原料的成分,进行实验,记录如下:实验操作 实验主要现象① 取少量原料样品于试管中,加入一定量的水充分溶解 溶液变浑浊,且有明显放热② 静置一段时间后,过滤,向滤液中加入过量的试剂A 无明显变化③ 向白色固体中加入试剂B,将产生的气体通入试剂A 白色固体消失,有气泡产生,试剂A变浑浊根据以上实验现象,回答下列问题:(1)操作①中,试管中发生反应的化学方程式为_______________。(2)操作②中,滤液中一定不存在的溶质是_______,加入过量的试剂A后,溶液中一定存在的溶质是_____。(3)进行操作③的目的是_______,试剂A变浑浊的原因是(用化学方程式表示)______。(4)通过上述实验能够确定制作松花蛋的主要原料中,一定有的物质是____________。三、实验题(共3个小题,共19分)31.(6分)实验是学习化学的一个重要途径(部分加持装置)。a b c d e f g(1)仪器b的名称是 。(2)实验室用过氧化氢溶液和二氧化锰制取氧气。装入药品前必须进行的一步操作是 ;反应的化学方程式为 ,二氧化锰起 作用。(3)实验室用大理石和稀盐酸制取并收集二氧化碳可选用的仪器是 (填字母序号);将燃着的木条放在瓶口,若观察到________,说明瓶中已充满二氧化碳。32.(5分)化学兴趣小组用下图所示装置研究两个问题:(1)研究燃烧的条件【步骤1】向Ⅲ热水中加入少量白磷,白磷不燃烧。【步骤2】打开K3,关闭K2,打开K1将A中溶液滴入Ⅰ中与B接触, 关闭K1。Ⅲ中有气泡冒出,白磷燃烧。Ⅲ中发生反应的化学方程式为__________________。此实验运用对比的方法研究了燃烧的一个条件,它是 。(2)研究二氧化碳与氢氧化钠的反应A中盛有稀硫酸,B为碳酸钠固体,Ⅲ中盛有氢氧化钠溶液。【实验1】打开K3,关闭K2,打开K1将A中溶液滴入Ⅰ中与B接触,关闭K1。一段时间后,Ⅲ中没有明显现象。【实验2】证明二氧化碳与氢氧化钠发生了反应,Ⅱ中盛放的可能是_________,后续实验的操作及现象是_____________。33.(8分)小红为大家做了一个“燃纸成铁”的趣味实验。将一张滤纸(组成元素为C、H、O)用FeCl3浓溶液润湿,在酒精灯上烘干后点燃,滤纸变黑、红热,最终生成黑褐色物质。小红告诉大家:黑褐色物质中含有铁单质。【提出问题】黑褐色物质中真的含有铁单质吗?【探究过程】(1)小红先从反应物分析,因为 所以反应后可能生成铁单质。(2)为获得实验证据,小红做了实验1。实验1:将黑褐色物质放入稀盐酸中,发现有连续微小气泡产生。若黑褐色物质中含有铁单质,则反应的化学方程式为 。(3)小明提出疑问:由反应物的组成分析,能与稀盐酸反应产生气泡的物质不一定是铁单质,还可能是 。小红通过查阅资料得知,在高温条件下不可能生成此类物质。(4)小明仍有疑问:实验1中产生的气泡也可能是滤纸碳化后吸附的空气。为此,小红又做了实验2: 观察到有微小气泡产生但很快停止。证明实验1中的连续气泡确实是由铁单质与稀盐酸反应产生的。(5)为进一步证明黑褐色物质中有铁单质,小红又做了实验3。实验3:将黑褐色物质放入 溶液中,观察到 。【得出结论】通过以上实验探究,证明黑褐色物质中确实含有铁单质。【实验反思】小红所做实验1和实验2用了对比实验,这种实验的要求是 。四、计算题(共2个小题,共6分)34.(3分)加热高锰酸钾能分解出氧气。某同学欲制备16g氧气,请帮他计算一下,至少需要加热分解多少克高锰酸钾?35. (3分) 用氯化钠和碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)可制备碳酸氢钠和氯化铵(NH4Cl),该反应可表示为:NaCl + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl。20 ℃时,按上述化学方程式中反应物的质量比,向100 g水中加入11.7 g NaCl和15.8 g NH4HCO3。请计算:理论上从溶液中析出晶体的质量为多少g?反应后所得溶液中溶质NH4Cl的质量分数是多少?(写出计算式即可)。资料:20 ℃时四种物质的溶解度如下,假设它们同时溶解在水中各自的溶解度不变。物质 NaCl NH4HCO3 NH4Cl NaHCO3溶解度/g 36.0 21.6 37.2 9.6昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习化学试卷答案及评分标准 2013. 5一、选择题(每小题1分,共25分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 A C D B A C C B A B题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20答案 B C C D B A D B B D题号 21 22 23 24 25答案 B D D C B二、填空题(共5道小题 ,共30分)26.(5分,每空1分)(1)12.01(2)单质(3)吸附性(4)+4(5)CaCO3+2HCl CaCl2 + H2O+CO2↑27.(6分,每空1分,(3)③ 2分)(1)②④(2)氢元素和氧元素(3)①在此温度下,硝酸钾和氯化钠的溶解度相等②随温度的升高而降低③BC28.(6分,每空1分)(1)煤(2)可吸入颗粒物(其他答案合理给分)① 2H2+O2 2H2O② BC(3)12: 3: 8(4)1:1:129. (6分,每空1分,(4)Ⅰ. 2分)(1)B(2)与潮湿空气接触(3)3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2(4)Ⅰ. 2FeCl3+Cu 2FeCl2+ CuCl2Ⅱ. Fe和Cu30. (7分,每空1分,(1)2分)(1)CaO+ H2O Ca(OH)2 Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3↓+ 2NaOH(2)Na2CO3 NaOH、Ca(OH)2(3)证明CaCO3的存在,从而证明原料中含有Na2CO3CO2+ Ca(OH)2 CaCO3↓+ H2O(4)生石灰和纯碱三、实验题(共3道小题,共19分)31.(6分,每空l分)(1)酒精灯(2)检验装置的气密性 2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑ 催化(3)e a g d 燃着的木条熄灭32.(5分,每空l分,(2)第二空2分)(1)4P+5O2 ====== 2P2O5 燃烧需要氧气(2)稀盐酸 关闭K3,打开K2,Ⅱ中的液体流入Ⅲ中,Ⅲ中有气泡冒出。(其他答案合理给分)33.(8分,每空l分,最后一空2分)【探究过程】(1)反应物中含有铁元素 (2)Fe+2HCl═FeCl2+H2↑(3)碳酸亚铁或者碳酸铁(4)将黑褐色物质放入蒸馏水中(5)硫酸铜(氯化铜) 有红色固体产生【实验反思】两组实验只有一个条件不同,其他条件都要相同四、计算题(共2道小题,共6分)34.(3分)【解】设至少需要加热分解高锰酸钾的质量为x2KMnO4 === K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑ ………………………1分316 32x 16g=或 = ……… …………………1分x =316× = 158g …………………………1分答:至少需要加热分解高锰酸钾的质量为158g。35. (3分)【解】设生成NaHCO3的质量为x,NH4Cl的质量为yNaCl + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl58.5 84 53.511.7 x yx = = 16.8gy == 10.7g -------------------1分理论上从溶液中析出NaHCO3晶体的质量=16.8-9.6=7.2g -------------------1分溶液中溶质NH4Cl的质量分数=×100% -----------------1分答:理论上从溶液中析出NaHCO3晶体的质量为7.2g,反应后所得溶液中溶质NH4Cl的质量分数为×100%。(其他方法合理给分)pHpHpHH2S的体积pH7777OOOOH2S的体积H2S的体积H2S的体积溶解度/g溶解度/g温度/℃温度/℃P200180160140120100806040200.200.0580.150.10100806040020氢氧化钙100806040200氯化钠硝酸钾80oC硝酸钾饱和溶液水80oC氯化钠饱和溶液水80oC氢氧化钙饱和溶液水氢原子碳原子氧原子乙丙甲滤渣镀铜电路板FeCl3溶液①废液:FeCl3FeCl2、CuCl2过量的铁粉②适量稀盐酸FeCl2溶液金属铜③K1K3K2植物油点燃高温MnO2点燃昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习 数 学 试 卷 2013.5考生须知 1.本试卷共6页,共五道大题,25个小题,满分120分.考试时间120分钟。2.在答题卡上认真填写学校名称、姓名和考试编号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,请将答题卡交回。一、选择题(共8道小题,每小题4分,共32分)下列各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.1.的倒数是A. B. C. D.2.气象学上将目标物的水平能见度小于10 000米时的非水成物组成的气溶胶系统造成的视程障碍称为霾或灰霾,水平能见度在1 000-10 000米的这种现象称为轻雾或霭. 测得北京市某天的能见度是9 820米,那么数据9 820用科学记数法可表示为A. B. C. D.3. 如图,若AB∥CD,∠A=70°,则∠1的度数是A.20° B.30° C.70° D.110°4.现将背面相同的4张扑克牌背面朝上,洗匀后,从中任意翻开一张是数字5的概率为A. B.C. D.5.如图,△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=3,点P是边BC上的动点,则AP的长不可能是A. 2.5 B.3 C.4 D.56.九(1)班体育委员记录了本班第一小组七位同学定点投篮(每人投10个)的情况,投进篮框的个数分别为6,10,5,3,4,8,4,这组数据的中位数和极差分别是A.4,7 B. 7,5 C. 5,7 D. 3,77.如图是某几何体的三视图及相关数据,则该几何体的侧面积是A. B. C. D.8.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=6cm,动点P从点A出发,沿AB方向以每秒cm的速度向终点B运动;同时,动点Q从点B出发沿BC方向以每秒1cm的速度向终点C运动,将△PQC沿BC翻折,点P的对应点为点.设Q点运动的时间为t秒,若四边形为菱形,则t的值为A. B. 2 C. D. 3二、填空题(共4道小题,每小题4分,共16分)9.在函数中,自变量x的取值范围是 .10.把多项式分解因式,结果为 .11.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AM是BC边上的中线,若cos∠CAM=,则tan∠B的值为 .12.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC=2,点P在BC上.若点P为BC的中点,则的值为 ;若BC边上有100个不同的点P1,P2,…,P100,且mi=APi2+BPiPiC(i=1,2,…,100),则m=m1+m2+…+m100 的值为 .三、解答题(共6道小题,每小题5分,共30分)13.计算: .14. 解不等式,并把它的解集在数轴上表示出来.15. 已知,求的值.16. 如图,在△ABC中,AD⊥AB,AD =AB,AE⊥AC,AE = AC. 求证:BE=CD.17. 将直线沿轴向下平移后,得到的直线与x轴交于点A(),与双曲线()交于点B.(1)求直线AB的解析式;(2)设点B的纵坐标为a,求m的值(用含a的代数式表示).18. 某学校组织九年级(1)班和(2)班的学生到离校5千米的“农业嘉年华”参观,(1)班学生的行进速度是(2)班学生速度的1.25倍,结果(1)班学生比(2)班学生早到15分钟,求(2)班学生的速度.四、解答题(共4道小题,19—21小题各5分,22题4分,共19分)19. 如图,四边形ABCD是⊙O的内接正方形,延长AB到E,使BE=AB,连接CE.(1)求证:直线CE是⊙O的切线;(2)连接OE交BC于点F,若OF=2 , 求EF的长.20. 某学校一直坚持开展用眼健康方面的教育,并进行跟踪治疗. 为了调查全校学生的视力变化情况,从中抽取部分学生近几年视力检查的结果做了统计(如图1),并统计了2012年这部分学生的视力分布情况(如表1和图2).(1)根据以上图表中提供的信息写出:a = ,b = , x + y = ;(2)由统计图中的信息可知,近几年学生视力为5.0的学生人数每年与上一年相比,增加最多的是 年;(3)若全校有1000名学生,请你估计2012年全校学生中视力达到5.0及以上的约有 人.21. 已知:如图,在□ABCD中,∠BAD,∠ADC的平分线AE,DF分别与线段BC相交于点E,F,AE与DF相交于点G.(1)求证:AE⊥DF;(2)若AD=10,AB=6,AE=4,求DF的长.22. (1)人教版八年级数学下册92页第14题是这样叙述的:如图1,□ABCD中,过对角线BD上一点P作EF∥BC,HG∥AB,图中哪两个平行四边形的面积相等?为什么?根据习题背景,写出面积相等的一对平行四边形的名称为 和 ;(2)如图2,点P为□ABCD内一点,过点P分别作AD、AB的平行线分别交□ABCD的四边于点E、F、G、H. 已知S□BHPE = 3,S□PFDG = 5,则 ;(3)如图3,若①②③④⑤五个平行四边形拼成一个含30°内角的菱形EFGH(不重复、无缝隙).已知①②③④四个平行四边形面积的和为14,四边形ABCD的面积为11,则菱形EFGH的周长为 .五、解答题(共3道小题,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题9分,共23分)23. 已知抛物线.(1)求证:无论k为任何实数,该抛物线与x轴都有两个交点;(2)在抛物线上有一点P(m,n),n<0,OP=,且线段OP与x轴正半轴所夹锐角的正弦值为,求该抛物线的解析式;(3)将(2)中的抛物线x轴上方的部分沿x轴翻折,与原图象的另一部分组成一个新的图形M,当直线与图形M有四个交点时,求b的取值范围.24.在△ABC中,AB=4,BC=6,∠ACB=30°,将△ABC绕点B按逆时针方向旋转,得到△A1BC1.(1)如图1,当点C1在线段CA的延长线上时,求∠CC1A1的度数;(2)如图2,连接AA1,CC1.若△CBC1的面积为3,求△ABA1的面积;(3)如图3,点E为线段AB中点,点P是线段AC上的动点,在△ABC绕点B按逆时针方向旋转的过程中,点P的对应点是点P1,直接写出线段EP1长度的最大值与最小值.25. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点B,C在x轴上,点A,E在y轴上,OB︰OC=1︰3,AE=7,且tan∠OCE=3,tan∠ABO=2.(1)求经过A,B,C三点的抛物线的解析式;(2)点D在(1)中的抛物线上,四边形ABCD是以BC为一底边的梯形,求经过B、D两点的一次函数解析式;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点D作直线DQ∥y轴交线段CE于点Q ,在抛物线上是否存在点P,使直线PQ与坐标轴相交所成的锐角等于梯形ABCD的底角,若存在,求出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习数学试卷参考答案及评分标准 2013.5一、选择题(共8道小题,每小题4分,共32分)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8A C D D A C B B二、填空题(共4道小题,每小题4分,共16分)题 号 9 10 11 12答 案 x≤2 x(x-1)2 4 , 400(各2分)三、解答题(共6道小题,每小题5分,共30分)13.解:原式= …………………………………………………………… 4分= -2. ……………………………………………………………………… 5分14.解:5x-12≤8x-6 …………………………………………………………………………… 1分5x-8x≤12-6 …………………………………………………………………………… 2分-3x≤6 …………………………………………………………………………… 3分x≥-2. …………………………………………………………………………… 4分所以,原不等式的解集在数轴上表示为……………… 5分15.解:原式= …………………………………………………………… 1分= …………………………………………………………………2分= …………………………………………………………………… 3分= . …………………………………………………………………… 4分当2a2 –a=2时,2a2 =a+2.∴原式= . ………………………………………………………………… 5分16.证明:∵AD⊥AB,AE⊥AC,∴∠DAB=∠EAC=90°.∴∠DAB+∠1=∠EAC+∠1.即∠DAC=∠EAB . ……………………… 1分又∵AD=AB,AE=AC, …………………………………… 3分∴△DAC≌△EAB (SAS). ………………………… 4分∴CD = BE. ……………………………… 5分17.解:(1)依题意,设直线AB的解析式为y = x + b.…………………………………………… 1分∵直线AB与x轴交于点A(3,0),∴0 = 3 + b.∴b = -3. ……………………………………………………………………………… 2分∴直线AB的解析式为y = x - 3. ………………………………………………………… 3分(2)∵直线AB与双曲线(x>0)交于点B,且点B的纵坐标为a,∴a = x -3.∴x = a + 3. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4分∴.∴m = a(a + 3). …………………………………………………………………………… 5分18.解:设(2)班学生的速度为x千米/小时. ………………………………………… 1分依题意,得 . ………………………………………………………… 2分解之,得 x = 4 . ………………………………………………… 3分经检验:x = 4是原方程的解,且符合实际意义. …………………………………… 4分答:(2)班学生的速度为4千米/小时. ………………………………………………… 5分四、解答题(共4道小题,19—21小题各5分,22题4分,共19分)19.(1)证明:连接OC∵四边形ABCD是的内接正方形,∴AB=BC,CO平分∠DCB,∠DCB=∠ABC=90°.∴∠1=45°,∠EBC=90°.∵AB=BE,∴BC=BE.∴∠2=45°.∴∠OCE=∠1+∠2 = 90°.∵点C在上,∴直线CE是的切线. …………………………………… 2分(2)解:过点O作OM⊥AB于M,∴.∴. ………………………………………………………3分∵FB⊥AE,∴FB∥OM .∴△EFB∽△EOM . …………………………………………………………4分∴.∴.∴EF = 4. …………………………………………………………5分20.解:(1) 80,40,40. ……………………………………………………………… 3分(2) 2012. ………………………………………………………4分(3)700. ……………………………………………………………………………5分21.(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AB∥DC .∴∠BAD+∠ADC=180°. ………………………………………1分∵AE、DF分别平分∠BAD、∠ADC,∴ .∴ .∴∠AGD=90°.∴AE⊥DF . ………………………………………………………2分(2)由(1)知:AD∥BC,且BC= AD= 10,DC =AB=6,∠1=∠3,∠2=∠4 .∴∠1=∠AEB,∠2=∠DFC.∴∠3=∠AEB,∠4=∠DFC.∴BE=AB=6,CF=DC=6.∴BF=4.∴EF=2. …………………………………………………3分∵AD∥BC,∴△EFG∽△ADG.∴.∴.∴EG=.∴AG=. ……………………………………………………4分由(1)知∠FGE=∠AGD=90°,由勾股定理,得DG= ,FG= .∴DF= . …………………………………………………5分22.解:(1)□AEPH 和□PGCF 或□ABGH 和□EBCF 或□AEFD 和□HGCD . …………… 1分(2)1. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2分(3)24. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4分五、解答题(共3道小题,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题9分,共23分)23.(1)证明:当y=0时,得.∵.∵,∴.∴无论k为任何实数,该抛物线与x轴都有两个交点. …………………… 3分(2)解:如图,过点P作PA⊥x轴于A,则∠OAP=90°,依题意得:.∴.∵n<0,∴.∵P在抛物线上,∴.∴.∴抛物线解析式为. ………………………………………5分(3)当y=0时,.∴,∴抛物线与x轴相交于点当直线y = - x + b经过点C(-2,0)时,b = -2. ………………………………………6分当直线y = - x + b与抛物线相切时,,∴△ = .∴ b = . ……………………………………………………………………7分∴ 当<b<-2时,直线与图形M有四个交点. ………………………………………8分24.解:(1)如图1,依题意得:△A1C1B≌△ACB.……… 1分∴BC1=BC,∠A1C1B =∠C=30°.∴∠BC1C = ∠C=30°.∴∠CC1A1 = 60°.…………………………… 2分(2)如图2,由(1)知:△A1C1B≌△ACB.∴A1B = AB,BC1 = BC,∠A1BC1 =∠ABC.∴∠1 = ∠2,∴ △A1BA∽△C1BC ………………… 3分∴. ……………………4分∵,∴. ……………………………5分(3)线段EP1长度的最大值为8,EP1长度的最小值1. ………… 7分25.解:(1)依题意得:∠AOB=∠COE=90°,∴=tan∠ABO=2, tan∠OCE=3. …………………………………………1分∴OA =2OB ,OE=3OC.∵OB=OC=1︰3,∴OC=3OB.∴OE=9OB.∵ AE=7,∴9OB-2OB=7.∴OB=1,OC=3,OA=2,OE=9.∴A(0,2),B(-1,0),C(3,0),E(0,9).……………………………………………………2分设抛物线的解析式为:y=a(x+1)(x-3),∴ 2=-3a,即a=-.∴抛物线解析式为:.…………………………………3分(2)过点A作AD∥x轴交抛物线于点D.∴ .∴D(2,2). …………………………………………4分设直线BD的解析式为y=kx+b,∴∴k=, b=.∴直线BD的解析式为.…………………………………………5分(3)易知直线CE的解析式为y = -3x + 9, Q(2,3).设与y轴交于点F,过点Q作QM⊥y轴于点M.则∠QMF =∠AOB = 90°.∵∠QFM =∠ABO,∴tan∠QFM = tan∠ABO =2 .∴.∵Q(2,3),∴.∴F(0,2)即P(0,2).经验证,P(0,2)在抛物线上.易求得,此时直线PQ的解析式为,直线PQ与抛物线的另一个交点的坐标为. ……………………………………………7分同理可求得满足条件的另两个点P的坐标为和. ……………………………………9分综上所述,满足条件的点P的坐标为P1(0,2), P2,P3, P4.DBAC1昌平区2012—2013学年第二学期初三年级第一次统一练习考生须知 1.本试卷共8页,共五道大题,37道小题,满分100分。考试时间120分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、考试编号和姓名。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。物 理 试 卷 2013.5一、单项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个选项符合题意。共28分,每小题2分)1.在图1所示的物理学家中,以其名字命名功率单位的是2.下列文具中,通常情况下属于绝缘体的是A.铅笔芯 B.塑料笔杆 C.金属小刀 D.不锈钢尺3.下列用电器中,利用电流热效应工作的是A.电视机 B.电热毯 C.电风扇 D.电冰箱4.下列实例中,目的是为了减小摩擦的是A.自行车轮胎上制有凹凸的花纹 B.自行车的车把上有凹凸的花纹C.自行车轴承中装有滚珠 D.骑自行车的人刹车时用力捏闸5.图2所示的现象中,由于光的直线传播形成的是6.如图3所示,小红同学与其他几位同学坐在滑行的“香蕉”船上在海上游玩,若说小红是静止的,则所选择的参照物是A.海边的沙滩B.小红她们骑着的香蕉船C.海水D.站在沙滩上给小红照相的同学7. 下列物态变化中,属于凝华的是A.早春,冰雪融化 B.盛夏,山间形成浓雾C.初秋,田野花草挂上露珠 D.寒冬,树梢上结了霜8. 图4所示的用具中,属于费力杠杆的是9.如图5所示的电路中,将开关S闭合,灯L1和灯L2均发光,则下列说法中正确的是A.灯L1和灯L2并联B.灯L1和灯L2串联C.通过灯L1和灯L2的电流一定相等D.灯L1和灯L2两端的电压一定不相等10.下列说法中,正确的是A.闭合电路的一部分导体在磁场中运动时,导体中就一定会产生感应电流B.电动机把机械能转化为电能C.在电磁感应现象中,电能转化为机械能D.奥斯特实验表明,通电导线周围存在磁场11.下列措施中,能使蒸发减慢的是A.将湿衣服展开后晾在向阳、通风处 B.用笤帚把地上的水向周围扫开C.用保鲜袋装蔬菜放入冰箱 D.用电吹风机吹头发12.在下列数据中,最接近生活实际的是A.一支新2B铅笔的质量约是400g B.一个正规篮球的直径约为1dmC.一块普通橡皮的质量约为1kg D.教室中日光灯管的长约为120cm13.在学习了电路知识以后,教师要求学生练习安装楼梯照明灯,即用两个单刀双掷开关S1和S2同时控制同一盏灯,其中任意一个开关都可以使灯亮或灭。请判断如图6所示的四个电路中,不符合上述要求的是(图中均用电池符号表示照明电路电源)14.用如图7甲所示的滑轮组(不计绳的质量和滑轮与轴的摩擦)将一个重为78N的铁块A匀速提升2m,拉力F做的功为200J。若将铁块置于水中,如图7乙所示,仍用此滑轮组将铁块A在水中匀速提升2m(不计水的阻力,铁的密度为7.8×103kg/m3),则下列说法正确的是A.两次提升过程,滑轮组的机械效率不变B.图7乙所示提升过程与图7甲所示提升过程相比,滑轮组的机械效率减小了2%C.拉力F′做了180J的功D.动滑轮所受重力为20N二、多项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中符合题意的选项均多于一个。本大题共12分,每小题3分。每小题选项全选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有错选的不得分)15. 下列说法正确的是A.一桶水的比热容与一杯水的比热容一样大B.只能通过热传递来改变物体的内能C.吸收热量越多的物体,温度升高的越高D.物体内能减小时,温度可能不变16. 如图8所示,运动员在进行蹦床比赛,运动员离开蹦床向上运动到 一定高度又落到蹦床上。不计空气阻力,关于运动员离开蹦床后的运动过程,下列说法正确的是A.在上升过程中,蹦床对运动员一定不做功B.在最高点运动员的速度为零,所受合力为零C.在下落过程中,运动员的重力势能减小D.在下落过程中,运动员所受的重力做功越来越快17.图9是实验用的锥形瓶,将锥形瓶放在面积为S0的水平桌面上,已知锥形瓶的质量为m1、底面积为S1;当往锥形瓶中倒入密度为ρ、质量为m2的液体后,液面高度为h,则下列说法正确的是A.液体对容器底的压强为ρghB.锥形瓶所受的重力与水平桌面对锥形瓶的支持力是一对平衡力C.锥形瓶对水平桌面的压强为(m1+m2)g/ S1D.液体对瓶底的压力与桌子对瓶底的支持力是一对相互作用力18.如图10所示电路,当开关闭合后,电压表V1的示数为3V,电压表V2的示数为4V。若把电阻R2和R3的位置对调,其余元件位置不变,闭合开关后,有一只电压表示数变为5V,则下列说法正确的是A. 电阻R2和R3的位置对调后,闭合开关,电压表V1的示数为5VB. 电阻R2和R3的位置对调后,闭合开关,电压表V2的示数为5VC.电源电压为6VD. 电阻R2和R3的位置对调后,闭合开关,电阻R1两端电压为1V三、填空题(共12分,每小题2分)19.家庭电路中各用电器之间的连接方式是 的。(选填“串联”或“并联”)20.一束太阳光经过三棱镜折射后,形成一条彩色光带,说明白光不是单色光,而是由 组成的。21.端午节赛龙舟时,全体划桨手在鼓声的号令下有节奏地齐力向后划水,龙舟就快速前进,这说明物体间力的作用是 的。22.某汽车的散热器用水作冷却剂,已知水的比热容为4.2×103J/(kg·℃),散热器中水的质量为5 kg,水的温度升高10℃时吸收的热量是 J。23.如图11所示,电源电压U = 6V,定值电阻R0 = 20 ,当开关S1闭合、S2断开,调节滑动变阻器滑片P使小灯泡正常发光,此时电流表的示数I1 = 0.3A;保持滑动变阻器滑片P的位置不变,再断开S1、闭合S2,电流表的示数I2 = 0.2A.则小灯泡的额定功率是 W.24. 边长为1dm的正方体木块,漂浮在酒精液面上时,有一半的体积露出液面,如图12甲所示。将木块从底部切去一部分,粘上体积相同的玻璃后,放入某种液体中,它仍漂浮在液面上,如图12乙所示。此时液体对它竖直向上的压强为980Pa。已知酒精的密度为0.8×103 kg/m3, 玻璃的密度为2.4×103 kg/m3,粘玻璃所用胶的质量和体积均忽略不计,则所粘玻璃的质量为 kg。四、实验与探究题(共35分,25~27、30、33题各2分,28、34题各3分,29、32题各4分,31题6分,35题5分)25.图13中铅笔长度的测量值是__________cm。26. 图14所示的电阻箱的示数为 Ω。27.根据图15中小磁针N极的指向,可以判断出电源的左端是 极。(选填“正”或“负”)28.图16是甲、乙两种物质熔化时的温度-时间图像,其中物质_______是晶体,它的熔点是_____℃,在第6min时,这种晶体处于__________态。29. 小阳在实验室测量小灯泡的电功率。当小灯泡两端电压为2.5V时,电流表的示数如图17所示,此时通过小灯泡的电流为_____A,则小灯泡的电功率为_____W。30.小华在探究平面镜成像特点实验时,取两段等长的蜡烛A和B一前一后竖放在直尺上,点燃玻璃板前的蜡烛A,观察玻璃板后的像,如图18所示,两段等长的蜡烛是为了比较像与物的 关系,移去蜡烛B,并在其所在位置上放一光屏,则光屏不能接收到蜡烛A的烛焰的像,这说明平面镜成的像是 像。31.小红为了测量某种液体的密度,进行了如下实验:(1)将天平放在水平台面上,将游码移到标尺的零刻线处。横梁静止时,指针指在分度盘中央刻度线的左侧,如图19甲所示。为使横梁在水平位置平衡,应将横梁右端的平衡螺母向 端移动。(2)将盛有适量液体的杯子放在调节好的天平左盘内,测出杯子和液体的总质量为128g。然后将杯中液体的一部分倒入量筒中,如图19乙所示,则量筒中液体的体积为 cm3。(3)再将盛有剩余液体的杯子放在天平左盘内,改变砝码的个数和游码的位置,使天平横梁再次在水平位置平衡,此时右盘中砝码质量和游码在标尺上的位置如图19丙所示,则杯子及杯内剩余液体的总质量为 g。(4)根据上述实验数据计算液体的密度为 kg/m3。32.在“验证凸透镜成像规律”的实验中,请完成下面问题:(1)小明设计的实验报告(部分)如下,请填写空格处的内容。(2)实验过程中他使烛焰在光屏上成清晰的像,如图20所示,此实验现象可以说明 的成像特点。(选填“照相机”、“幻灯机”或“放大镜”)33.小玲做浮力相关实验,记录了把6个某种金属实心球分别浸没在水中所受的浮力与金属球质量的数据如下表所示,请根据表中数据归纳出此实验中金属球质量与所受浮力的关系: m= 。m/kg 0.162 0.216 0.27 0.324 0.378 0.432F浮/N 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.634. 利用一个水平桌面(带一倾斜的小滑道)、一个小钢球、一块条形磁铁,器材如图21所示,设计一个实验,证明:力能够改变物体的运动状态。请你写出实验步骤和实验现象。35. 实验桌上有如下实验器材:满足实验要求的电源、阻值已知的定值电阻各1个,电阻箱(电路图符号 )一个,已调零的电压表两块,开关两个,导线若干。请选用上述实验器材,设计一个实验证明“两个电阻R1与R2串联时,如果R1的阻值保持不变,则电阻R1与R2串联的等效电阻R跟电阻R2的关系为:R = R2+ b(b为常量)”。请你画出实验电路图,写出实验步骤,画出实验数据记录表。五、计算题(共13分, 36题6分,37题7分)36.如图22所示,电源两端电压不变。当只闭合开关S1,滑动变阻器滑片P在最左端时,电流表示数为I1,电阻R1的功率为P1。当闭合开关S1、S2,滑动变阻器滑片P在某一位置时,电流表示数为I2。电压表示数为4V,变阻器的功率为8W。当只闭合开关S1,滑动变阻器滑片P在另一位置时,电流表示数为I3。电压表示数为6V,变阻器的功率为3W。已知I1:I2=1:2。求:(1)电源两端电压。(2)电阻R1的功率P1。37.某科技小组设计的提升重物的装置如图23甲所示。图中水平杆CD与竖直杆EH、DI组合成支架固定在水平地面上。小亮站在地面上通过滑轮组提升重物,滑轮组由动滑轮P和动滑轮Q(动滑轮P和动滑轮Q的质量相等)以及安装在水平杆CD上的两个定滑轮组成。小亮以拉力F1匀速竖直提升物体A的过程中,物体A的速度为υ1,滑轮组的机械效率为ηA。小亮以拉力F2匀速竖直提升物体B的过程中,物体B的速度为υ2,滑轮组的机械效率为ηB。拉力F1、F2做的功随时间变化的图像分别如图23乙中①、②所示。已知:υ1=4υ2,物体A和物体B的质量之比为1:3,(不计绳的质量,不计滑轮与轴的摩擦)求:(1)动滑轮P的重力与物体B的重力之比;(2)机械效率ηB与ηA之比。昌平区2012—2013学年第二学期初三年级第一次统一练习物理试卷答案及评分参考一、单项选择题(共28分,每小题2分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14答案 D B B C B B D A A D C D D C二、多项选择题(共12分,每小题3分,全选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有错选的不得分)题 号 15 16 17 18答 案 A D ACD A C AC三、填空题(共12分,每小题2分)题号 答案 题号 答案19 并联 20 色光21 相互 22 2.1×10523 0.9 24 0.72四、实验与探究题(共35分)25.4.726.205727.负28.甲(1分) 80(1分) 固液共存(1分)29.0.2(2分) 0.5(2分)30.大小(1分) 虚(1分)31.(1)右(1分) (2)60(1分) (3)62 (2分) (4)1.1×103(2分)32. 同一高度 (1分) 光屏 (1分) 物距和像距 (1分) (2)照相机(1分)33.(2分)34.实验步骤及实验现象:(3分)将小钢球放在小轨道上,让小钢球沿轨道自由滑下,观察并记录小钢球的运动情况;将小钢球放在小轨道上,让小钢球沿轨道自由滑下,在小钢球运动方向一侧放上条形磁铁,观察并记录小钢球的运动情况,;将小钢球放在小轨道上,让小钢球沿轨道自由滑下,改变条形磁铁的位置,放在运动方向另一侧,观察并记录小钢球的运动情况;当改变条形磁铁位置时,小钢球运动轨迹方向和速度大小也发生变化,说明力能够改变物体的运动状态。35.实验电路图: (1分)(1)按电路图连接电路。(2)断开开关S,调节电阻箱R2的阻值。闭合开关S,用电压表V1测量定值电阻R1两端的电压U1,用电压表V2测量电阻R1和R2两端的电压U2,将R1、U、U2、R2的测量数据记录在实验数据记录表中。 (1分)(3)仿照步骤(2),分别改变5次电阻箱R2的阻值,用电压表V1分别测量相应的电压U1的数据,用电压表V2分别测量相应的电压U2的数据,并分别将R1、U1、U2、R2的测量数据记录在实验数据记录表中。 (1分)(4)利用公式R==,分别计算出6次串联电路的6个等效电阻,并分别记录在实验数据记录表中。 (1分)实验数据记录表 (1分)R1 /ΩU1 / VU2 / VR2 / ΩR / Ω五、计算题(共13分, 36题6分,37题7分)36.当只闭合开关S1,滑动变阻器滑片P在最左端时,电路图如图1所示,当闭合开关S1、S2,滑动变阻器滑片P在某一位置时,电路图如图2所示,当只闭合开关S1,滑动变阻器滑片P在另一位置时,电路图如图3所示,1分(1分)(1分)(1分)由①②式可得:=12V (1分)=4W (1分)37.解:设每个动滑轮受的重力为G动。匀速提升物体A时,以物体A和动滑轮的整体为研究对象,受力分析如图4甲所示。以动滑轮P为研究对象,受力分析如图4乙所示。匀速提升物体B时,以物体B和动滑轮的整体为研究对象,受力分析如图4丙所示。以动滑轮P为研究对象,受力分析如图4丁所示。(1分)由图4甲、乙得:2F1=GA+ G动 2F1= F1+ G动因为F1= F1所以 ① (1分)由图4丙、丁得:2F2=GB+ G动 2F2= F2+ G动因为F2= F2所以 ② (1分)由①②得 = (1)由题中W-t图像可知:P1==90W P2==45W (1分)由= υ1=4υ2 解得:= (2) (1分)由(1)、(2)解得: (3)由解得:= (4)由(3)、(4)解得:G动=GA G动=GB(1分)ηA ====ηB ====所以 (1分)(其他解法正确的,均可相应得分)牛顿瓦特欧姆伽利略图1ABCD建筑物经凸透镜成缩小像C玩具在镜中成像A筷子好像在水面处“折断”了D指针在阳光下形成影子B图2图3食品夹瓶盖起子钳子核桃夹图4ABCD图5SL2L1图6S1L122′S2S1L122′S21S1L22′S2S1L122′S21′1′1′1′ABCD图7甲F乙F′A图8图9S图10R1R3V1V2R2图11图12酒精液体玻璃甲乙图12图151100100010图14cm0123456图13图17图16图18图19丙mL10080206040甲 乙102345g50g10g实验目的:验证凸透镜成像规律。实验器材:凸透镜、光屏、光具座 、蜡烛和火柴等。实验步骤:1.记录凸透镜的焦距。2.安装和调试实验装置时,应使凸透镜和光屏的中心跟烛焰的中心大致在 。3.固定凸透镜的位置,将蜡烛放在适当的位置后,移动 找像,在移动过程中,眼睛要注意观察光屏上的像直到清晰为止。测量并记录此时的 。……图20B0c m501009080706040302010图21DABPR1R2S1S2图22图23PQ实验步骤:(3分)2R1SR2V2V1P1UR1R2I1图2UR1RAI28W4V图1图3UR1RBI3R23W6V丙G动2F2GB丁F22F2甲G动2 F1乙F12F1GAG动G动图4昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习语文试卷 2013.5一、选择。下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意,选出答案后在答题卡上用2B铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。(共12分。每小题2分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音有误的一项是A.狭隘(ài) 胆怯(qiè) 修葺(qì) 闲情逸致(yì)B.隔阂(hé) 应酬(yìnɡ) 自诩(xǔ) 既往不咎(jiū)C.缅怀(miǎn) 解剖(pōu) 刹那(chà) 重蹈覆辙(zhé)D.转瞬(shùn) 翘首(qiáo) 哺育(bǔ) 锐不可当(dāng )2.根据语境和所给字义,在下列句子横线处选填汉字,正确的一项是A.一切学科知识都应该知道一些,但有些学科应该知道其中的一切。精修一门,才是 (制、治)学的真谛。“制”有“拟订、规定”的意思,“治”有“研究”的意思,横线处应填“制”。B.天宫一号主要用于测试空间飞船对接程序,而不进行任何航天试验,中国将在未来三年里发射天宫2号及3号,进行航天员的 (负、付)载测试。“承”有“托着、接着”的意思,“呈”有“恭敬地送上去”的意思,横线处应填“承”。C.会场内外,代表、委员们个个精神抖擞,意气风发,谈笑风 (声、生),每个人脸上都洋溢着喜悦之情。“声”有“声音”的意思,“生”有“产生、发生”的意思,横线处应填“生”。D.第一次模拟考试的时间就要到了,当同学们面对一大堆书本一 (筹、愁)莫展的时候,班长却稳若泰山,有着自己的“独家秘笈”。“筹”有“计策、办法”的意思,“愁”有“忧虑”的意思,横线处应填“愁”。3.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用有误的一项是A.在一个集体中生活,我们每个人的一举一动、一言一行,都不应随心所欲、各行其是,而应当时时处处考虑怎样做才能对集体有利。B.如果你不懂得基本规律而只关注具体做法,那是舍本逐末,即使一件事做对,也可能其它事犯错,即使今天侥幸成功,也可能明天遭到失败。C.有道是,种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,任何形式的溺爱只会结出苦果,甚至是恶果。D.所谓路遥知马力,日久见人心,只有危难关头,才能看出一个人的节操是否坚贞。4.依据语段内容,对画线病句的修改最恰当的一项是“厚德”是北京精神的品质。在迈向世界城市的进程中,北京市民更加迫切需要践行社会主义荣辱观,以人为本、扶弱助残、尊老爱幼,让市民大力弘扬诚信、友爱、互助、奉献的道德风尚,以首善之区的文明素质和精神风貌走向世界。A.大力弘扬市民诚信、友爱、互助、奉献的道德风尚B.诚信、友爱、互助、奉献的道德风尚得到大力弘扬C.大力弘扬诚信、友爱、互助、奉献的道德风尚D.诚信、友爱、互助、奉献的道德风尚得到市民大力弘扬5.结合语境,在下面语段中的横线处填写句子最恰当的一项是一个月以来,我又看见梧桐叶落的光景。样子真凄惨呢!最初绿色黑暗起来,变成墨绿;后来又由墨绿转成焦黄;北风一吹,它们 ① ,大大的黄叶便开始辞枝,起初突然地落脱一两张来,后来成群地飞下一大批来。再经冷雨地敲打, ② ,枝条兀立,容颜皆失,它们空手站在我的窗前,好像曾经娶妻生子而家破人亡了的光棍,样子怪可怜的!A.①争先恐后地闹将起来 ②叶子落尽B.①大惊小怪地闹将起来 ②叶子落尽C.①争先恐后地闹将起来 ②落尽叶子D.①大惊小怪地闹将起来 ②落尽叶子6.对下面文段中所使用的修辞方法的作用理解有误的一项是思想好像一盘琴键,它静止着,等待着敏捷手指的撩拨,通过一片奇异地颤动而响出一串乐音。用手指轻轻触动你思想的琴键,弹一曲“羽毛之旅”吧。你将感觉到阳光在你的翅膀上微笑,白云在你的左右陪伴,和风在你的毛羽间呢喃,而大地带着它的欢乐在你的脚下眩晕。朋友,请你记住,请你记住!思想这盘琴键,只在敏捷的手指下才能有神奇的和鸣。不要让你的手指因怠惰而变得僵硬。难道你不想在思想的琴键上,弹出清秋与寒冬的春之和鸣,奏响黄昏与黑夜的黎明鸟声吗?A.选段中把思想比作一盘琴键,生动地写出了敏感手指的撩拨带来了美妙的乐音。B.选段中将“阳光”“白云”“和风”“大地”赋予人的行为,写出了琴键乐音的美妙,进而表现了思想活跃给人们带来的精神上的欣悦与飞扬。C.选段中运用“请你记住”这样的反复句式,提醒读者要始终让自己的思想保持活跃的重要性。D.选段结尾运用反问句式,强调了你应该有弹出春之和鸣,奏响黎明鸟声的想法。二、填空(共8分)7.默写(5分)(1)辛苦遭逢起一经, 。(文天祥《过零丁洋》)(1分)(2) ,忽复乘舟梦日边。(李白《行路难》)(1分)(3)无可奈何花落去, 。(晏殊《浣溪沙》)(1分)(4)《曹刿论战》中曹刿冲破阻挠,坚持进见鲁庄公的原因是: , 。(2分)8.名著阅读(3分)《 ① 》是我国最早一部诗歌总集,收录了从西周到春秋的诗歌305篇,这些诗歌分为“ ② ”“雅”“颂”三个部分,其中很多诗句脍炙人口,比如“所谓伊人,在水一方。”两句就出自《 ③ 》这首诗。三、综合性学习(共10分)当前,互联网已成为学生获取信息和知识的媒介。为了培养学生良好的上网习惯,某学校举办了“健康上网”的宣传活动。在宣传活动中,请你完成下面的任务。 9.分析下图,提取主要信息,并概括上网对学生的影响。(4分)学生上网相关数据对比图主要信息:影响:10.下面是学校小记者对沉迷于网络的一名学生及其家长做的采访记录,请你依据采访记录,概括出学生长时间上网的两条相同原因。(4分)学生:我是一名初三学生。当学习压力大的时候,我就想上网,听听音乐,玩玩游戏,这样可以缓解压力。可最近我发现自己上网的时间越来越长了,每逢周末本想多 看课外书,可就是控制不住自己。我爸妈对我上网管得也不是很严,这网瘾就更大了。家长:我儿子今年15岁,现在上初三。他们学校附近有很多非常隐蔽的“黑网吧”,很多孩子放学后就进去玩。他也经常去那些网吧。一进去就是两三个小时,周末甚至有半天以上的时间泡在网吧里。最近一个学期,他的学习成绩明显下降了。为此,他也写过不去上网的保证书,可没坚持两天,又去了。我和他妈平时工作也很忙,真是没办法了。相同的原因: ① ②11.某同学在参加完活动后,准备向全校同学发出“健康上网”的倡议,他写了上句,请你根据以上材料,续写下句。(要求:与上句语意相关、句式相同、字数相等)(2分)上句:了解危害,助身心健康学业进步; 下句:四、文言文阅读(共10分)小石潭记(节选)①从小丘西行百二十步,隔篁竹,闻水声,如鸣珮环,心乐之。伐竹取道,下见小潭,水尤清冽。全石以为底,近岸,卷石底以出,为坻,为屿,为嵁,为岩。青树翠蔓,蒙络摇缀,参差披拂。②中鱼可百许头,皆若空游无所依,日光下澈,影布石上。佁然不动,俶尔远逝,往来翕忽。似与游者相乐。 ③潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互,不可知其源。④坐潭上,四面竹树环合,寂寥无人,凄神寒骨,悄怆幽邃。以其境过清,不可久居,乃记之而去。12.解释下列语句中加点词的意思。(2分)(1)佁然不动 佁然: (2)伐竹取道 伐竹:13.用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。(4分)(1)斗折蛇行,明灭可见。 (2)不可久居,乃记之而去。14.用自己的话说说作者为什么觉得“其境过清”?(4分)五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)阅读《那一些晶莹的泪花》,完成第15—17题。(共15分)那一些晶莹的泪花安谅①都说,南疆多是不长眼睛的青杨,没有流泪的胡杨。我踏进沙漠的那一瞬间,就断定胡杨是坚韧顽强的化身,似乎与涟涟泪水无缘。但不久的那些天,我却真切地感觉到了令人心动的胡杨之泪。②喀什市区有高楼霓虹,也有湖水景观,与内地不少中型城市一样的模样。但深入乡村,踏访农户,那种贫穷落后首先在住房淋漓尽致地展露。我走进去,是怀着一种悲悯,更是带着一种忧伤。用泥土和竹条砌成的居室,居然随处可见。低矮得让人心碎,破旧得又令人羞愧。我们这大都市里的人,是应有羞愧之意的,同是兄弟手足,这样的差距为何还未能消除呢!在莎车,那位大妈家,人畜几乎是同居一处,羊棚里的味儿,就像浮尘一样,径直闯入了居室。大妈五十多岁,但憔悴衰老得像七八十岁的老奶奶了。村支书介绍说,她男人早就病死了,她抚养着一位老人,还带着五个孩子,五个孩子有两个是天生的智障者,是吃低保的,能填饱全家肚子已是不错了,改善住房就几近天方夜谭了。说话间,那个十多岁的智障女孩便傻愣愣地坐在那儿,目光呆滞,目中无人。我握着大妈的手,告诉他,政府要资助她,建一套抗震、宽敞的安居房。村支书翻译时,我看见大妈枯涩的眼睛里溢出了泪水,而那痴呆女孩的眼里,也有一种光亮喜悦地一闪,我也禁不住眼窝子一热。③在泽普八乡三村,村民们都在清理震后的场地。阳光下,他们热汗直冒,干得很欢。乡领导把他们集拢来,介绍说,上海来支援我们建设安居房的,图纸是他们帮着设计的,钱也是他们资助一部分的。话音未落,已看到村民们互相交头接耳,目光都投向了我们。虽然听不清、也听不懂他们在述说什么,但那些眸子里透出的光泽是欢欣的,有一种温暖的力量在我们之间漾动。④巴楚县一个老汉,首先新建了一处新居室。90平方米的安居房,还有近一亩地的种植区和养畜区。听说我们来自上海,他八十多岁的老母亲急切地走了上来,紧紧握住我的手,口里喃喃着,昏花的老眼里,泪水盈盈,他的儿子也不时抹着眼眶。⑤喀什的老百姓,还有不少居住在土坯房里。稍有雨水侵袭就即刻渗水甚至倾塌,岌岌可危。一位当地建设官员说过一则故事,至今撞击着我的心口,令我无法平静。前些年,伽师地震,一个村的民宅都须臾之间倒塌了,死伤无数。只有一户人家,当初因为拿了政府的补助,自己又凑了点钱,把房屋改成抗震房了,一家老小无忧。领导去慰问,他竟然也抱头痛哭。众人都纳闷,最后才得知,这次地震,好多村里人都临时躲进了他家,让他一下子成为村里最让人瞩目和羡慕的人物。他是喜极而泣呀!⑥胡杨,是男子汉的象征呀,也是新疆人的象征。他们也是有泪不轻弹,但到了动情之处,就潸然泪下。⑦看见他们激动的落泪,我们也禁不住泪花闪动。⑧那泪水映照了民族情,兄弟谊呀!15.请你依次概括文中所记述的“胡杨之泪”的两个场景。(每个场景用8个字回答)(4分)场景一: 场景二:闻支援愉悦露欢欣场景三: 场景四:帮乡邻幸福泪满面16.结合第③段内容说说画线句子中“温暖的力量”指的是什么?(4分)17.第①段写到“但不久的那些天,我却真切地感觉到了令人心动的胡杨之泪。”请你结合文中的任意两处场景说说你对这句话的理解。(不超过150字)(7分)(二)阅读下面文字,完成第18—19题。(共7分)①这些年,建百米以上的高楼在我国城市中流行开来。高楼被认作是现代化城市的标志。然而,在当今的多个发达国家中,建高楼的做法已被淘汰。有些城市甚至明文规定:建筑楼层的设计不得超过10层。这是因为林立的高楼会给城市带来多种负效应。②在许多电视镜头和照片上,纽约曼哈顿的高楼群显得耀眼而气派。但人们走在这些高楼林立的马路上却感到:巨大的风力让人步履艰难,而且大风带给身体的冰冻感使人难以承受。一走出高楼区,空气中的风力就减小了许多。原来,这就是城市高楼群的“狭管效应”,说得通俗一点就是,高楼之间的狭缝会形成危害很大的人造风口。③城市中的人造风口危害有多大?发生在央视配楼的火灾可能就是一例。那天,北京城内本无大风,但在这天晚上,当央视配楼失火时,火势蔓延之快,几乎难以控制。失火大楼坐落在一个十字路口的东南角,路口的三面都立着数幢百米高楼。这样的位置很容易遭遇八面来风。④为什么高楼群之间易产生大风?这是因为,风是气流。气流在空中的流动很像水在河道里的流动。在宽阔的河流中,水流通常是平稳而缓慢的。但一当水流进入狭窄的河道,水体中的每滴水就会因争相前行而加速,这就是“狭管效应”,指液体在管道中流动时,经过狭窄处流速加快的物理现象。气流在开阔的地面上流动,可能只是风力在1至4级的轻风、微风与和风。然而,当风进入城市高楼区时,高楼间形成的狭窄通道会阻碍风的通行,于是风就成倍地增速,出现“狭管效应”。科学研究表明:平地上3-4级的风,在城市高楼之间,经“狭管效应”放大后,可达10级以上。⑤央视配楼发生火灾时,火势迅速蔓延全楼的表现在提醒我们,“狭管效应”可能是元凶之一。在我们的生活中,这种现象也普遍存在着。如我们打开室内对开的两扇窗户,会感觉风有所加大,这就是我们常说的“穿堂风”;大风吹倒围墙和广告牌也多是拜它所为;还有我们熟悉的沙尘暴,除去种种诱因外,峡谷、沟壑等地形因素造成的“狭管效应”加剧了它的形成。⑥专家说,城市中的高层建筑越多,体积越大,间距越近,出现“狭管效应”的机会越大。反之则越小。所以专家建议:城市规划中应充分考虑到“狭管效应”的危害,有意识地加大建筑物的间距,给风一些自由,以减低“狭管效应”。同时,这也对城市污染物的扩散和建筑物的保暖都有好处。18.结合上下文,说说画线句不能删去的两条理由。(2分)19.阅读下面材料,借助文章中的相关知识,具体分析事故发生的原因。(5分)【材料】2007年2月28日,乌鲁木齐开往阿克苏的5807次旅客列车正常运行时,因瞬间大风造成该次列车脱轨,造成3名旅客死亡,2名旅客重伤,32名旅客轻伤,南疆铁路被迫中断行车。据了解,当时当地风力仅为5、6级,事发地位于吐鲁番与达板城之间,是天山的一个谷地【注】,加之地形坡度陡峭,自然环境异常恶劣。据南疆铁路测风仪记录,列车脱轨地点瞬间风力却达到13级。【注】【谷地】地面上向一定方向倾斜的低洼地,多呈长条形。(三)阅读《高枕应忧》,完成第20—22题。(共8分)高枕应忧江泽函①在《战国策》中有个叫“高枕无忧”的成语。冯谖告诫孟尝君,世事无常,应做多手准备,才会增加胜算,仅此而已,却不是再无忧虑的意思。后人也常误解,以致忘乎所以,在危急来临时,茫然失措。试想,高枕卧眠能减轻头部压力,容易入睡,但也会引发歪颈、梦魇等病痛,忧愁将会更大。②陈胜首举义旗对抗暴秦,称王后,以为天下尽在掌握中,渐忘鸿鹄壮志,贪图享乐,不求上进,以致兵败被杀。职场的高手们常抱怨没有机会升迁,但当机会来临,却没有足够的本领胜任,与其说败于旁人之手,倒不如说败在自己手上。③环境安逸,人易思想麻痹,渐丧拼搏意识,变得懒惰愚蠢。这与“ ”同理。④不少人以为辛苦一次,把事情办好,就可以不再费力,事实上,并不存在“一劳永逸”这种情况。秦始皇统一疆土、文字和思想,建立专制主义中央集权制,又修筑万里长城,以为就能千秋万世,但到了二世就遭楚人付之一炬。李自成率农民起义军进入北京建立大顺政权,便觉得可以坐稳江山,开始骄奢腐化,导致军纪废弛,仅在北京城停留了40天,就不得不撤出,自此走上了覆灭的道路。环境是变化不定的,沉稳如桑田尚能化作沧海,何况是变幻莫测的现实世界。⑤李世民励精图治,开创唐朝第一个治世,但他并未知足,常告诫儿子:“水能载舟,亦能覆舟。”李治和武则天听进去了,所以又有“贞观遗风”。沈从文暮年广受崇敬,仍专心学问,极少出席宴会,因为在虚名中最易侵蚀思想,再难达到巅峰级的宗师地位。这令今朝许多一举成名后,就随便打发时光的名家汗颜。⑥《小李飞刀》就把“高枕应忧”一词演绎得淋漓尽致,天机老人自恃排名第一,并未多防范上官金虹,而惨遭杀害;上官金虹转正成第一,与排名之后的李寻欢交战,可说信心满满,却是一招落败,临死也不敢相信:“这不可能!”⑦古代医书曾指出:“枕头高度,以仰卧时头与躯干保持水平为宜。”至于如何绽放生命之花,关键之一在于把握好安乐时的心态,警惕“盛极易衰,乐极易悲”。多点盛世危言,随时保持忧患意识,才能保大事无虞。⑧“高枕应忧”和“居安思危”的精髓同源,是大自然和人类社会的运行法则。忧患意识不是消极心态,不是缺乏信心,而是为了“安逸”的环境更加持久。20.请在第③段横线处填写一句名言,阐明与上一段事例的联系。(1分)21.分析文章第④段的论证过程,按要求填空。(3分)首先 (不超过20字),其次 (不超过16字),最后 ,(不超过20字)。22.简要分析⑤⑥两段中所列举的事例各有什么作用?(4分)六、作文(50分)23.请以“这也是考试”为题目,写一篇文章。要求:(1)将题目抄写在答题卡上。(2)不限文体(诗歌除外)。(3)字数600—1000之间。(4)作文中不要出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名。昌平区2013年初三年级第一次统一练习语文试卷参考答案及评分标准一、选择(本题共12分,每小题各2分)题 号 1 2 3 4 5 6答 案 B C D C B A二、填空(本题共8分)7.默写(1)干戈寥落四周星(2)闲来垂钓碧溪上(3)似曾相识燕归来(4)肉食者鄙,未能远谋(共5分。每空1分,有错不得分)8.①《诗经》 ②风 ③蒹葭(共3分。每空1分)三、综合性学习(共10分)9.答案示例:信息:随着上网时间的不断延长,问题学生的人数也逐渐增多(体质、心理素质、学业较差的学生人数越来越多),其中学业较差学生人数增长的幅度最大。影响:长时间上网使越来越多的孩子的身心和学业出现问题,其中学业方面受影响的情况更严重。(共4分。每点2分)10.答案示例:①学生自控能力差 ②家长监护教育不力(共4分。每个2分)11.答案:分析原因,促学生自制家长尽责 (共2分。每点1分)四、文言文阅读(共10分)12.呆呆的样子 砍伐竹子(共2分,每题1分)13.(1)看到溪水像北斗七星那样曲折,像蛇那样蜿蜒前行,时隐时现。(2)不可以长时间的停留,于是就记下这里的景色离开了。(共4分。每小题2分)14.要点:因为小石潭被树木所包围,罕有人来造访,环境异常幽静深远,加之作者被贬官至此,心情抑郁、凄苦,一经环境的触发,更让他感到心神凄凉,寒气透骨,所以他觉得“其境过清”。(共4分。每点2分)五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)共15分15.答案示例:场景一:听资助激动溢泪水 场景三:住新房感激泪盈盈 (共4分。每空2分)16.要点:温暖的力量指的是我们给予村民们的帮助让他们感到温暖,使他们看到了幸福的未来,坚定了他们重建家园的信心;村民们在听闻援助他们的亲人就在眼前时所流露出来的感激之情以及乐观的精神让我们感动,坚定了我们帮扶他们的决心。 (共4分。每个要点各2分)17.示例:胡杨是新疆人的象征,他们坚韧顽强,有泪不轻弹。一位大妈在困苦中,对亲人不离不弃,她的坚韧与顽强常人所不及,然而面对别人给予的帮助,她却流下了激动的泪水。地震中,一户拥有抗震房的村民保全了家人,帮助了乡邻,他喜极而泣。这些纯净的“胡杨之泪” 让作者感受到了新疆人的质朴与善良,深深打动了作者。(共7分。胡杨特点2分,结合文段内容谈4分,表达1分)(二)共7分18. 示例:画线句不能删去,因为,其一,就不清楚当今多个发达国家不允许建造高层建筑的原因;其二,就不能引出下文对“狭管效应”的说明。(共2分。每个要点1分)19. 示例:事发地点是天山的一个谷地,风由开阔的地面经过低洼、狭长地带时,会加速流过,产生“狭管效应”,这就使原来的风速成倍增加达到了13级的瞬间大风,最终造成了此次列车脱轨事故。(5分。地形因素2分,风通过峡谷时加速1分,成倍增加1分,表达1分)(三)共8分20. 生于忧患,死于安乐(共1分。)21. 示例:首先提出“一劳永逸”这种情况并不存在的观点,接着举秦始皇和李自成的事例加以论证,最后分析了“一劳永逸”这种情况不存在的原因。(共3分)22. 示例:李治、武则天、沈从文的事例阐述了虽“高枕”而“有忧”的益处,从正面证明了“高枕应忧”的观点;列举天机老人和上官金虹的事例阐述了既“高枕”便“无忧”的害处,从反面证明了“高枕应忧”的观点。(共4分。)昌平区2012-2013学年第二学期第一次质量抽测试题初三英语听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对 话读两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)1.A B C2.A B C3.A B C4.A B C二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。5. What’s the boy’s first lesson A. Chinese. B. English. C. Math.6. How many classes does the girl have A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。7. When are they traveling A. In May. B. In October. C. In July.8. Where does the boy want to go A. Guilin. B. London. C. New York. .请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。9. What does the boy want to be in the future A. A farmert or a teacher. B.A manager or a doctor. C. A cleaner or an officer.10. What does the boy think of school A. Difficult. B. Interesting. C. Tiring.请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。11. Why did Sally decide to write her first book A. Her family asked her to keep the diary.B. Her pen pal suggested her to write it.C. People thought her stories were good.12. Who was the first reader after her book was finished A. Her father. B. Her teacher. C. Her friend.13. What can we learn from Sally’s words A. She will move to a new city.B. She will stop writing on students’ lives.C. She will help students grow by writing.请听一段对话,完成第14至第16小题。14. How many teenagers will take part in the programme A. 1,300. B. 2,300. C. 3,60015. What is the purpose of the programme A. Help teenagers in other countries know the real America.B. Let students learn something about other countries.C. Send students in America to travel in Germany.16. What does Mike think of American schools A. There are too many activities. B. The level of the lessons is too low.C. They are not as good as German schools.三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。对话读两遍。(共10分,每小题2分)HAPPY FLOWER Flower Order Order: a dozen of roses Colour: 17._____________ Price: 18. $____________ Name: 19. ____________ Smith Address: 20. 43#,___________ StreetSending time: 21. at___________this evening.语言 知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空。(共13分,每小题1分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。22. Mrs. Black is our English teacher. We all like _______.A. she B. her C. she’s D. hers23. ---How many ____ are there in your class ---40.A. a student B. student C. students D. student’s24. Something is wrong with my bike, _____ I have to walk home.A. so B. but C.or D. and25. Please keep quiet. I have _____ to tell you.A. important something B. something importantC. important anything D. anything important26. ---Who came to school __________ this morning, class ---Sarah.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. most early27. Most of my classmates were born ____ June, 1998.A. in B. on C.at D. of28. Please stop ___a rest if you feel tired.A. have B. had C. having D. to have29. It’s raining hard now. You’d better ____ at home.A. stay B. stays C. stayed D. staying30. If I get his telephone number, I ______ you.A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told31. My mother _______ to music when I got home.A. listens B. was listening C. listened D. has listened32. --- What a nice dress! How long ____you ____ it ---Only 2 weeks.A. will…buy B. did…buy C. are … having D. have… had33. Look at this photo! It _________ ten years ago. I looked much younger.A.was taken B. took C.is taken D. have taken34. ---Do you know _______ ---She said she was in Sanya.A. where will Mrs. White spend her holidaysB. where Mrs. White will spend her holidaysC. where did Mrs. White spend her holidaysD. where Mrs. White spent her holidays五、完形填空。(共12分,每小题1分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Every year, our school has a dance for all the students. It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful __35____, instead of the usual school uniform.Most of us think the dance is great _36___ ---even the teachers enjoy being there. However, two weeks ago someone said that there would be no live band this year ---only CDs.“I don’t __37__ it!” Amy cried out during the lunch break.“Someone said the school couldn’t __38__ a band, and they think it’s too noisy anyway ”added Daniel.“Well, I don’t think it’s __39__ enough without a band!” shouted Angela, “ and I’m going to see what can be done.”Angela was as good as her __40__.In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the situation some more thought. And he suggested that one possibility for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from $5 to $10.Angela had to ___41_ out whether the students would like to do that.“I need all of you to help me,” she talked to our group before school the next day. “Mr. Berry gave me a list of all the names, and suggested we ask each one about his opinion on the band and the extra cost.”___42___ the day we asked around as Angela suggested, and wrote down their feelings about the band and the cost. We were amazed how much love there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay the extra $5.“I’m surprised,” smiled Mr. Berry, when we gave him the __43__. “I really thought that only a few students __44__ the band and that the cost would be too high. OK. Angela, your next __45__is to find a good band and line them up for the dance. ”Angela was in all smiles and 46 the news to Amy and Daniel. “You’re amazing ,” smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.35. A. shapes B. flowers C. dresses D. pictures36. A. fun B. work C. effort D. progress37. A. mean B. need C. accept D. believe38 A. lead B. afford C. serve D. form39. A. good B. clear C. useful D. easy40. A. look B. behavior C. mind D .word41. A. call B. find C. carry D. point42. A. On B. For C. During D. Before43. A. results B. notices C .questions D. examples44. A. welcomed B. invited C. decided D. wanted45.A .business B. task C. exercise D. duty46. A.showed B.wrote C.broke D.read阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)ADomoDomo is a robot designed for the old. It works for old people, such as putting away the groceries. Put something in its hand and Domo will shake it to find out what it is and where it goes.Robot ChefYou come home late from work and have to cook a meal for your family No more. Robot Chef will cook dinner for you. It stands about 5 feet tall. This makes a busy mum’s dream come true.HawkHawk was designed in Canada. This robot can be taught to do many things. It can open the door, play the drum for you or pour you a drink. It has a GPS system, so it can easily find its way around your house.CybertCybert is like a pet. It has a large vocabulary. It can read you the news or tell you a joke. It needs human contact, or it gets lonely. Your children will love it.47. ______ is designed to work for the old people.A. Domo B. Hawk C. Cybert D. Robot Chef48. Hawk was designed in _________.A. England B. America C. Canada D. China49.Cybert is probably _______ favourite.A. driver’s B. doctor’s C. mother’s D. children’sBEver since I was a child, my mouth has caused me trouble. I’m not a bad person; I have a hard time learning when to keep my mouth closed.My mom has told me again and again, “Robert, your constant bad words are hurting me. If you continue to be this rude, you will get into big trouble.”It’s been a problem at school several times too when teachers have told me something I didn’t want to hear. I used to feel it was my duty to stand up for myself.One day in English class I began working on my homework until I heard a classmate talking behind me. It was Nathan, talking to himself as usual.I said ever so nicely, “Nathan, would you be quiet ”Nathan continued talking to himself. I quickly shouted “Nathan, shut up!”For the next five minutes, we threw hurtful words back and forth at each other.“At least I don’t have an ugly lazy eye like you!” I shouted.I knew this would upset him deep inside. It would hurt his feelings and shut him up.What I said filled him with anger. He tried to reach over my seat and grab me as he shouted, “That’s it! That’s it!”Surprised at his reaction, I sat back in my seat. Never had I seen Nathan act like this before.Later on, we were taken to the principal’s office.There, Mr. Black, the principal, told us to discuss the matter. It wasn’t until then that I finally found that when I hurt someone physically, the wounds heal at last. But when I hurt them with my words, sometimes the pain never goes away.At the end of the discussion, I said sorry to Nathan.When I headed back to my room, I spent some time praying. I began to think about how often what I said hurt others. But I believe that as I keep praying and asking God to help me he’ll tell me when to keep my mouth closed.50. The writer’s name is _______.A. Nathan B. Robert C. Black D. Green51. When the writer worked on his homework, Nathan ___.A. read the text B. listened to the others C. talked to himself D. kept silent52. In the text the writer tried to tell us that ______.A. when you hurt someone, the pain never goes awayB. we should try to help each other at schoolC. it is one’s duty to stand up for himselfD. words cause more pain than woundsCIn the past ten years, America’s National Basketball Association (NBA) has grown increasingly dependent on the rest of the world to supply players.When Michael Jordan and Larry Bird won gold in Barcelona in 1992, the Americans were praised for teaching the world how to play basketball. This season, however, 20 percent of NBA name list will be filled by non-Americans. NBA director David Stem happily welcomes the chance. On a visit to Paris in October, Stern outlined his picture for the future, which is likely to see Europe hosting NBA games by 2015.The NBA is now planning to take China by storm.“Our experience in China has been that it is going to grow surprisingly,” said Stern. The way in China is television. “We’ve made 14 deals in China with local and national networks on cable and satellite.” The success of Chinese centre Yao Ming has paved the way for the NBA marketing blitz in China. The NBA, which is broadcasted in more than 200 countries in 42 languages, put that to the test in October 2004 when the Houston Rockets played two pre-season games against the Sacramento Kings in Beijing and Shanghai. The NBA knows that it needs a global market to make up for poor times in homeland.“It doesn’t matter where the players come from, all the NBA teams now know that they have to scout search internationally,” said Terry Lyons, the NBA’s vice-president of international public relations. “It has increased the level of competition here.” As Frenchman Tony Parker and Argentine Emanuel Ginobili showed in winning championship rings with the San Antonio Spurs last season, many people can earn the respect of their American peers. Others, such as the Houston Rockets’ Chinese centre Yao Ming — number one draft pick in 2002 — and the Detroit Pistons’ 18-year-old Serb Darko Milicic — number two overall in this year’s draft — are heroes in-waiting. It is the revolution — the rest of the world teaching the US how to play basketball.53. According to the report, ___.A. Michael Jordan is still playing a very important role in NBAB. the part played by the foreign players in NBA will be greatC. Yao Ming is to play two pre-season games in NBAD. European countries will host the 2004 NBA games54. The underlined phrase “take China by storm”means that ___.A. NBA intends to make China its “marketing center”B. NBA is planning to set up some training centers in ChinaC. there’ll be a big storm when NBA comes to ChinaD. the NBA’s live basket games will be broadcasted on all the TVs in China55. What seems to be the biggest change that is happening to NBA A. Yao Ming has taken the place of Michael Jordan.B. China’s rapid development in sports affects NBA.C. NBA is expecting more foreign players to join the team.D. The NBA will stop teaching the world how to play basketball.DCould a grizzly bear be moving to a neighborhood near you If you live in the US West, the answer may be yes. “People and grizzlies are living closer together now,” said Chris Smith, at Montana’s Fish, Wildlife, and Parks department.The grizzly bear is one of the largest meat-eating land animals in North America. In the early 1800s, scientists think that as many as 50,000 grizzly bears lived in the American West. Settlers moved across the US and built cities, towns and roads in places where bears lived. Many bears were hunted and killed. Today only 1,200 to 1,400 grizzly bears remain in the western US.In and around Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Montana, grizzlies have been making a comeback because of people’s efforts to protect them. As a result, some bears are moving to areas where people live. People are also moving into grizzly country. “People who move into grizzly country have to learn how to live with their new, furry neighbors,” Smith said.People can take steps to try to live with grizzlies peacefully. “ If someone leaves their barbecue grill(烤架) out overnight or spills bird food in the summer or leaves their pet food or garbage where a bear can get it, the bear will learn to come to their house for food,” said Chuck Schwartz of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team. Grizzlies that learn to eat people’s food can become dangerous, and they often have to be killed or moved. It is also important not to surprise a grizzly. If you are hiking in grizzly country, Schwartz recommends that you go with other people and make noise so that bears can hear you coming and get out of the way.You may not want to invite grizzly bears to your next neighborhood party, but with a little effort, scientists think, grizzlies and people can be peaceful companions in the coming future.56.The best title for this text would probably be _________.A. Learn to Live Together B. The Owners of the EarthC. Enemies and Friends D. Depending on Each Other57. In the second paragraph, the author mainly wants to tell us that ___________.A. the early settlers might be attacked by grizzly bearsB. grizzly bears are one of the most dangerous animalsC. grizzlies have become fewer and fewer because of human activitiesD. people didn’t realize the importance of environment in the past58. According to the text, which of the following might be encouraged A. Hiking in grizzly country.B. Moving into grizzly country.C. Never leaving their pet food for grizzly bear.D. Inviting grizzly bears to neighborhood parties.59. Which part can the text be found in a newspaper A. Wildlife. B. Animals. C. Countryside. D. Environment.七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分)Today, roller skating is easy and fun.60 . Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. It was changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. 61 .One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball(化装舞会). He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room. 62 . Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. 63 . Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!A. People called him a dreamerB. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wallC. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at allD. Merlin tried different ways to make himself rollE. Luckily, Merlin introduced him well with his music八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. He never invited us to play in his yard, but he was a kind person.When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees. He owned a large field and wanted to make it a forest.The good doctor had some interesting ideas about planting trees. He never watered his new trees. Once I asked why. He said that watering plants spoiled(损坏) them, and that if you water them, each baby tree would grow weaker and weaker, so you had to make things difficult for them and pick out the weaker trees early on.He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots(浅根), and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water under the earth by themselves. Deep roots were very important.So he never watered his trees. He’d planted an oak tree and, instead of watering it every morning, he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper. I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s attention.Dr. Gibbs died several years after I left home. Every now and then, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I watched him plant twenty-five years ago. They’re big and strong now. I planted some trees a few years back and carried water to them for a whole summer. After two years of caring too much, whenever a cold wind blows in, they shake a lot.Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. Mostly I pray that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to change my prayer. I know my children are going to face difficulties. There’s always a cold wind blowing somewhere, so what we need to do is to pray for roots that reach deep into the earth, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, they could face it strongly and won’t be beaten down.64. Was Dr. Gibbs a kind doctor to people 65.Why did Dr. Gibbs never water baby trees 66. What did Dr. Gibbs do to the oak tree 67. How did the writer plant his trees 68. What did the writer learn from Dr. Gibbs 书面表达(共25分)九、完成句子。(共10分,每小题2分)根据中文意思完成句子。69. 明天去看电影怎么样?_____________ going to see a film tomorrow 70. 那座桥50米长。That bridge ______ 50 meters _________.71.那孩子太累了,躺床上就睡着了。That boy was _______________he fell asleep on the bed.72. 嗨! 同学们,该去帮助王奶奶做家务了。Hi, class. __________Granny Wang _____ the housework.73. 请你告诉他尽快给我回电话好吗?___________ tell him ____________________ 十、文段表达。(共15分)74. 根据中文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的英文短文。临近中考, 同学们学习时间长、压力大。有人害怕压力,有人认为有压力并不是一件坏事。某学校最近开展了一次以"Less Pressure, Better Life"为主题的英语演讲比赛,请你准备发言稿,谈谈你是否也有压力和你对压力的看法,并提供一些缓解压力的好办法, 与同学们分享。注意:文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。短文的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。Less Pressure, Better LifeHello, boys and girls!Pressure is a serious problem in today’s world. Students in our class are under too much pressure.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Friends,although pressure is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to face it bravely and try to make “Less Pressure, Better Life”.That’s all. Thank you!昌平区2012-2013学年第二学期初三年级一模抽测试题英语试卷参考答案、评分标准及录音材料 2013.4听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)1-4 ACBA二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。(共12分,每小题1分)5-6 A B 7-8 C B 9-10 B C 11-13 B A C 14-16 C BB三、听一段录音,根据所听到的内容和提示词语,记录关键信息。(共10分,每小题2分)17. yellow 18.35 19. Lucy 20. Apple 21. 6:30语言知识运用 (共25分)四、单项填空(共13分,每小题1分)22-26 BCABC 27-31 ADACB 32-34 DAD五、完形填空(共12分,每小题1分)35-39 CADBA 40-44 DBCAD 45-46 BC阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)47-49 ACD 50-52 B C D 53-55 BAC 56-59 ACBD七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分)60-63 CADB八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)64.Yes, he was.65. Because he wanted to make things difficult for them.66. He’d beaten it with a rolled-up newspaper.67. He watered the trees for a whole summer and cared it very much.68. How to plant trees and educate/ bring up children.书面表达(25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)69. How / What about70. is… long71. so tired that72. It’s time to help … do / with73. Will you please… to call me back as soon as possible十、文段表达。(共15分)Some students are afraid of it, but some of them think we also need pressure. I’m always under pressure, too. My parents want me to be the top student. So they send me to all kinds of weekend classs. I really felt tired. So I had a talk with my mother. I told her I was not lazy and I needed time to relax. My mother agreed with me at last. So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem. What’s more, in my opinion, listening to music and playing sports are good ways because they are really helpful to both my health and my study.第一档:(15~13分)完全符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。句式多样,词汇丰富。语言准确,语意连贯,表达清楚,具有逻辑性。第二档:(12~9分)基本符合题目要求,观点正确,要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯,表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。第三档:(8~5分)部分内容符合题目要求,要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,表达不够清楚,影响整体理解。第四档:(4~0分)与题目有关内容不多,只是简单拼凑词语,所写内容难以理解。听力材料一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话读两遍。1. W:What do your parents usually do after supper M: They usually read newspaper.2. W:Hi, Tony! How do you go to school M: I always go to school by bus.3. W: Did Mike play basketball with his classmates yesterday M: Yes. They had a good time.4. M: What a beautiful dress! Do you like it W: Yes, I do.二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。W: What subjects do you have on Tuesday morning , Bob M: Usually I start with Chinese on Tuesday.W: Chinese all the morning M: No. I said I started with Chinese.W: Well, what’re the next M: Math and history are the following morning classes.W: That’s totally different from my schedule. I have English, art and chemistry.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。M: Do you have any plans for this summer It’s going to be a long holiday.W: Yeah. I do have many things on plan now. I think travel is a must.M: I like traveling too. Where do you want to go then W: South part of China, like Guilin.M: That’s a beautiful place. But I prefer to go to London.W: Wow. It’s going to be a fantastic trip.M: I think so. Tower Bridge and Big Ben are my favorite places.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。W: It’s time for us to think about future. Do you think so M: Sure. We’ll soon grow up and get to work in some career.W: So what do you want to be in the future M: Mm. It’s hard to say. I’d like to be a manager in business or a doctor to save people.W: That’s interesting. But I don’t really want to work. I hope I could stay at school for long.M: Why I hate that. There’s always a lot of homework to do at school.W: If you start to work, you’ll have more serious tasks to do.M: That’s true. But I’ll have more freedom and choices then.请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。M:Sally Myers is a writer. She is thirteen years old. Her first book was published last year. Let’s wecome Sally. Sally, would you like to tell us about that book W: Well, I loved writing. I had kept a diary for a couple of years. I wrote about my day, poems, stories and stuff like that. But I never showed people what I wrote. Then, because my pen pal was moving to a new city with her family, I wrote down some advice for her. She thought it was great and said I should write a little book about it for other kids. So I did.M;Did anyone help you W: I only showed it to my dad after it was finished. He thought it was good. So, I sent it to just one company to see what they would say. Later, my parents felt very excited after they got a phone call from them. As a result, this book came out.M: That must have been amazing!W: Yeah. My dad started worrying about what would happen next. But everything was OK in the end.M: Tell us what your next book is going to be about.W: It’s about moving from primary school to middle school, which most kids in this country do when they’re eleven. It’s such a big change. In the last year at primary school, lots of kids start to get nervous about the move. My book will help them realize that everybody goes through this: there’s no need to feel frightened.请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers from all over the world will spend about ten months in U. S. homes. They will visit U.S. schools, meet U.S. teenagers, and experience the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son, Mike, spent a year in Fred’s home in America. Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the language began to come to him. The school was completely different from what he had expected — much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize American schools,” he says. “It is far too easy by our level. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe American schools are better in training for citizens. There should be some middle ground between the two.”三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,记录关键信息。对话读两遍。M: Happy Flowers. Can I help you W: I’d like to order some roses. Can you give me some ideas M: Well, sending red roses means romance, and sending yellow roses is a sign of friendship. White roses are perfect for wedding.W: I’m going to my friend’s party, so maybe yellow roses are better. How much are they M: $35 for a dozen.W: That’s expensive!M: Not really. White roses are more expensive, and they cost $38 a dozen. But red roses a little bit cheaper, $32.W: OK. I’ll take a dozen of yellow roses.M: Can I have your name and address, please W: It’s Lucy Smith. 43# Apple Street. Would you please send the flowers at 6:30 this evening I’ll pay when they’re delivered.M: Thank you for your order. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 北京市昌平区2013年中考一模化学试题.doc 北京市昌平区2013年中考一模数学试题.doc 北京市昌平区2013年中考一模物理试题.doc 北京市昌平区2013年中考一模英语试题.doc 北京市昌平区2013年中考一模语文试题.doc