资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台五年级期末复习知识点总结知识点一:代词1、人称代词:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们主格 I you he she it we you they宾格 me you him her it us you them①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面。e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的形容词性 my your his her its our your their名 词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如:my watch, his cousin, our school②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用。e.g. —Is that your bike? —No. Mine is blue.知识点二:疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。what 问什么 —What’s your name —My name is Tom.What colour 问颜色 —What colour is your coat —It’s red.what day 问星期 —What day is it today —It’s Monday.what date 问日期 —What date is it today —It’s the first of June.what shape 问形状 —What shape is the moon —It’s round.what…job 问工作 —What’s your father’s job —He’s a bus driver.what time 问时间 —What time is it —It’s ten o’clock.when 问时候 —When is your birthday —It’s on the first of May.which 问哪个 —Which is your watch, this one or that one —That one.where 问地点 —Where is my pen —It’s on the floor.who 问谁 —Who is the boy with big eyes —He’s Liu Tao.whose 问谁的 —Whose bag is this —It’s Helen’s.why 问原因 —Why are you absent today —I’m ill.how 问方式 —How do you go to school —By bus.how many 问数量 —How many books are there —There are five.how much 问价钱 —How much is it —Twenty yuan.how old 问年龄 —How old are you —I’m twelve.how far 问距离 —How far is it from here —It’s about one kilometer.how about 问情况 —I’m thirsty. How about you —Me, too.5、指示代词① this(这个)、these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。② that(那个)、those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。知识点三:数词1、基数词:表示数目多少。1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety10 ten 20 twenty 100 hundred注意:数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”。2、序数词:表示顺序先后。1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second3rd third 13th thirteenth 30th thirtieth4th fourth 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth5th fifth 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth6th sixth 16th sixteenth 60th sixtieth7th seventh 17th seventeenth 70th seventieth8th eighth 18th eighteenth 80th eightieth9th ninth 19th nineteenth 90th ninetieth10th tenth 20th twentieth 100th hundredth基数词变序数词记忆口诀:一、二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替,ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。知识点四:动词动词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词。1、be动词(am,is,are)① be动词做谓语时,要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。用法口诀: 我用am,你用are,is 用在他、她、它,复数全用are。如:I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese.② be动词的否定形式:am not(无缩写形式),is not=isn’t,are not=aren’t2、助动词(do,does,did)① do,does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。如:Do you like this film Does she like playing football I didn’t go to school yesterday.② 否定形式:do not = don’t,does not =doesn’t,did not=didn’t3、情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。1)can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气些。如: Can I use your pen May I come in?2)must和should① must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。② should意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。如:You must finish your homework before you go to bed.You should stay in bed and have a good rest.3)will和would用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更委婉,更客气。如:Will you please open the window? Would you like some coffee 注意区别:I’d like… 我想要……(接名词) 如:I’d like some tea.I’d like to… 我想要做……(接动词原形)如:I’d like to go with you.I like… 我喜欢……(接名词或动名词)如:I like monkeys. I like reading.4) shall 在问句中表示征求对方的意见,主要用于第一人称。如:Shall we go there by bus 5)否定形式:can’t,may not,mustn’t,shouldn’t,wouldn’t,shall not4、行为动词行为动词也叫实意动词,是具有实际意义的动词。如run(跑), jump(跳),listen(听),sing(唱),eat(吃),think(想)等。行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。知识点五:时态:在英语中,不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,需要用不同的动词形式来表现,这就叫时态。一 般 现 在 时<—————————————+————————————>一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时一般现在时1、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually,often,every day,sometimes,always,at weekends,on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成:1)当谓语是be动词时,一般现在时的构成:主语+be动词+其他如:I am a student. He is Jim’s father. They are from Japan.2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构成:①主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他如:I often watch TV at the weekends.Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.②主语(第三人称单数)+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他如:Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.3、动词三单形式的变化规则:一般情况下,直接加s 如:read-reads,swim-swims以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾,加es 如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es 如:study-studies,fly-flies不规则变化 如:have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换:肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答They watch TV every day. They don’t watch TV every day. —Do they watch TV every day —Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.She watches TV every day. She doesn’t watch TV every day. — Does she watch TV every day —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.现在进行时1、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now,look,listen等词。如:I am washing clothes now.Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2、构成:be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词现在分词(V-ing)3、动词现在分词构成:一般是在动词原形后加ing如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing如:write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加ing如:sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾语)。如:Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating.5、现在进行时的句型转换:肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答He is running now. He isn’t running now. —Is he running now —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.They are making a puppet. They aren’t making a puppet. — Are they making a puppet —Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.一般将来时1、定义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrow morning,next week,this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成:① be going to +动词原形如:I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.② will +动词原形如:They will go swimming this afternoon.3、be going to 和will 区别:① be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情,基本上一定会发生;will则表示有可能去做,但不一定发生,也常表示说话人的临时决定。如:I am going to take part in a party this evening.They are cleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.②be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情;will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如:He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生,常用于天气等自然现象。如:Look! It’s going to rain.4、一般将来时句型转换:肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. She isn’t going to have a picnic tomorrow. —Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow —Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.They will go swimming this afternoon. They will not(won’t) go swimming this afternoon. —Will they go swimming this afternoon —Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.知识点六:介词in /on/at 区别:1 、 介词on用在时间上,表示某一具体的时间前面(常表达某一天),如:on Sunday morning ,on july 25.2、 介词in用在时间上,表示在某一特定时间里,或者某段时间之后,如:in the morning,in a week.3、介词at用在在时间上,是用某一点时间前面,如:at six o'clock.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览