高中英语语法专项复习:介词和介词短语(共43张PPT)

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高中英语语法专项复习:介词和介词短语(共43张PPT)

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(共43张PPT)












介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语基本框架:
介词综述
介词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用或充当句子成分,其后必须跟宾语。介词与其宾语构成介词短语,在句中作状语、表语、补语和定语。
一、介词的分类
1.根据介词的构成分类
(1)简单介词
简单介词指的是由一个单词构成的介词。
about关于 after在…之后 before在……之前
by通过 in在…里面 like像……
near在附近 under在…下方 up在…上
beyond在…以外 to往,通向 via经由,凭借
against逆着,靠着 beneath在…底下 off从…离开
Stars look quite bright against the dark blue sky.在深蓝色天空的映衬下,星星看起来格外明亮。
一、介词的分类
1.根据介词的构成分类
(1)简单介词
简单介词指的是由一个单词构成的介词。
The House is beyond the bridge.
有些介词也可用作副词,如off, in, about等。
Keep off the grass 请勿踩踏草坪。(off为介词)
She took off her gloves.她摘掉了手套。(off为副词)
拓展
一、介词的分类
(2)合成介词
合成介词指的是由两个词合在一起构成的介词。
inside在里面 into进入…中
throughout在…期间,遍及 upon在…上面
within在…里面 without没有
outside在外边 towards向,朝
I traveled throughout Europe in my twenties.在二十多岁时,我已游历了整个欧洲。
The United Nation’s work is towards peace.联合国的工作是为了实现和平。
一、介词的分类
(3)短语介词
短语介词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,其作用只相当于一个介词。
according to根据 as a result of由于
except for除了 for the sake of为了
in case of以防 in spite of尽管
in view of由于,鉴于 on behalf of代表
owing to由于 with reference to关于
Floods,drought and disease will be caused as a result of global warming.全球气候变暖会导致洪水、旱灾和疾病的发生。
一、介词的分类
(3)短语介词
短语介词由两个或两个以上的单词构成,其作用只相当于一个介词。
In view of the facts, it seems useless to continue.鉴于这些事实,继续下去似乎是无益的。
(4)分词介词
分词介词指的是以分词形式出现的介词。
concerning关于,就…而言 considering就…而言
excluding除…外 following由于
including包括 regarding关于
一、介词的分类
(4)分词介词
分词介词指的是以分词形式出现的介词。
I wrote to the head of the film concerning Robert.我曾就罗伯特的问题写信给公司的主管。
Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.就对方实力而论,我们能进两个球就不错了。
(5)双重介词
双重介词指的是由两个介词组成的介词。
up to多达 out of在…外
from…behind从…后面 at about在大约…
until after直到…之后
一、介词的分类
(5)双重介词
双重介词指的是由两个介词组成的介词。
I can take up to four people in my car.我的汽车最多能坐4个人。
The moon finally peeped out from behind the clouds.月亮终于从云层后面露了出来。
2.根据介词的意义分类
(1)表示时间的介词
at在…时 on…在…时 in在…后
around大约 since自从 by到…为止
between在…之间 past过 during在…期间
from…to从…到… for长达
一、介词的分类
(1)表示时间的介词
The accident happened on a rainy day.事故发生在一个下雨天。
Where shall you go during the summer 今年夏天你将到什么地方去。
(2)表示地点的介词
around在…周围 on在…上 above在…上
under在…下方 in在…里 below在…下方
over在…正上方 at在 behind在…后面
near在…附近 to到 into到…里面
beside在…旁边 from从 towards朝…
between在…中间 by在…旁边 off离开
一、介词的分类
(2)表示地点的介词
The airphone was flying a few feet above the sea.飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚,坐在火炉旁很舒服。
(3)表示方式的介词
by借助于 in用 with用
They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。
一、介词的分类
(4)表示原因的介词
for因为 from因为
with因为 because of因为
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于真诚。
It was because of the job that he had taken the flat.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。
(5)表示条件的介词
but for要不是 without没有
considering假若 in case of万一
一、介词的分类
(5)表示条件的介词
But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
I don’t like a house without a bathroom.我不喜欢没有浴室的房子。
(6)表示让步的介词
in spite of尽管 despite尽管
for all尽管 with all尽管、不顾
Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.尽管个子矮,她却是个出色的蓝球运动员。
For all her faults, Tallulah’s friends tolerated and even adored her.尽管塔卢有缺点,她的朋友们却宽容她,甚至崇拜她。
一、介词的分类
(7)表示比较的介词
as像 like像 over超过 to比
She is dressed in white like a nurse.她穿着白衣服,像个护士。
I am not in charge of the department; I have two people over me.我不是这个部门的主管,我还有两位上级。
二、介词的宾语
能用作介词的宾语的通常为名词、代词和其他一些具有名词功能的词或短语,有时也可以是一个wh- 从句。
1.名词或代词
The subway runs under this street.地铁就在这条街下面。
I have no money about me.我身上没带钱。
2.形容词或副词
His pronunciation is far from perfect.他的发音一点儿也不好。
An apple dropped from above.一个苹果从上面掉了下来。
3.介词短语
She practiced playing the piano under after his coming.她练习弹钢琴直到他回来。
二、介词的宾语
3.介词短语
He found his lost pen from under the desk.他从桌子底下找到了丢失的钢笔。
4.动词不定式或动名词
We had no choice but to wait the result.除了等待结果我们别无选择。
5.名词性从句
I had no idea of what he wanted.我不知道他想要什么。
I accepted nothing except what was due to me.除了我应得的,我并未接受任何东西。
三、介词短语的句法功能
介词和介词的宾语一起构成介词短语,在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
1.做状语
介词短语做状语表示时间、地点、方式、条件、目的、原因等。
Spielberg was born in the state of Ohio, America, in 1946.斯皮尔伯格1946年出生于美国俄亥俄州。(介词短语表时间和地点)
What can I do for you in return for your help 我做什么来报答你的帮助呢?(介词短语表目的)
The sports meeting was put off till next Sunday because of the rain.因为下雨,运动会推迟到下个周日。(介词短语表示原因)
三、介词短语的句法功能
2.作定语
介词短语作定语通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。
Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighboring towns speak a little differently.甚至在美国的有些地方,临近镇的两个人说话也有些不同。
The girl in red is my friend Mary.穿红衣服的那个女孩是我的朋友玛丽。
3.作表语
介词短语位于连系动词之后。对主语进行补充、说明。
The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.英国位于欧洲西北大陆海岸线附近。
三、介词短语的句法功能
3.作表语
介词短语位于连系动词之后。对主语进行补充、说明。
Those people are only after fame and position.那些人只是追名逐利。
The dictionary is of great help to English beginners.这本字典对英语初学者的帮助很大。
4.做宾语补足语
I found everything is in good condition.我发现一切良好。
It’s wrong to think oneself above others.自以为高人一等是错误的。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
3.作表语
介词短语位于连系动词之后。对主语进行补充、说明。
Those people are only after fame and position.那些人只是追名逐利。
The dictionary is of great help to English beginners.这本字典对英语初学者的帮助很大。
4.做宾语补足语
I found everything is in good condition.我发现一切良好。
It’s wrong to think oneself above others.自以为高人一等是错误的。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
1.in, on, at
(1)in表示在较长的一段时间内。常用于表示年、季节、周或泛指上午、下午或晚上。
in August在8月 in Spring在春天
in the 21st century在21世纪 in the morning在上午
The Group of Eight, or G8, was formed by eight of the world’s wealthiest nations in 1998.1998年世界上最富有的8个国家组建了8国集团。
(2)at表示时间点,即钟点、(做某事)时刻等。
at six o’clock在6点钟 at noon 在中午
at that time在那时候
At about 3:00 a.m. on July 28, 1976, some people saw people saw bright lights in the sky.1976年7月28日大约凌晨3点,一些人看到了在天空中有明亮的光。
注意:在以下短语中,at表示时间段
At weekends在周末
At Christmas在圣诞期间
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
(3)on表示特定的日子,具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
on New Year’s Day在元旦
on Monday在星期一
on May , 2020 在2020年5月20日。
We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon.我们在一个明媚的下午离开了码头。
2.in, on, to
这三个词都可用于表示两者之间的方位关系。
(1)in表示在某范围之内。
Shandong province lies in the east of China.山东省位于中国东部。
(2)on表示“接壤”,却互不管辖。
Hebei province is on the north of Henan province.河北省位于河南省的东部。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
2.in, on, to
这三个词都可用于表示两者之间的方位关系。
(3)to表示在某范围之外,互不接壤,互不管辖。
Jinzhou is to the west of Shenyang.锦州在沈阳的西面。
3.in, after
(1)in后接时间段,常用将来时态的谓语动词连用。
My father will be back from abroad in three days.3天后,我的父亲就会从国外回来。
(2)after与表示一段时间的词连用,常接过去时态的谓语动词,相当于“一段时间+later”。
He left home and went to the front after two days/two days later.两天以后他离开家上前线了。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
After与表示时间点的词连用,表示过去或将来的概念,而in不可以:
I all go and see her after three o’clock.三点以后我将去看看她。
拓展
4.by, before
(1)by后接时间点,表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。
By the 1920s, he had became an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.到20世纪20年代,他已经成为一名探险家,到处寻找埃及国王的坟墓。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
4.by,before
注意:by后接表示过去的时间时,句子多用过去完成时;接表示将来的时间时,句子多用将来时或将来完成时。
(2)before表示“在某时之前”,不包括某时在内。
Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.在我们旅行之前的几个月,我和王伟去了图书馆。
5.on, over, above
(1)on指与物体表面接触,在某物体的表面上。
The house on Mango Street is ours, and we don’t have to pay rent to anybody.芒果节的房子是我们自己的,不用向任何人交房租。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
(2)over指在物体的正上方,有时还表示“覆盖、越过”。
Three mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land.梅里、白芒和哈巴3座山被白雪覆盖,矗立在大地上。
(3)above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定垂直向上。
Were they going to be stacked high above our streets, stuck in an endless holding pattern while we desperately tried to do our shopping 这些飞机会不会都聚集在街道的上空,因为迫切要去购物而不得不陷入无休止的等候?
5.between, among
(1)between表示某人或物在两者之间,常用“between A and B”或“between+复数名词”结构。
Happiness is a way station between too much and too little.幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
5.between, among
(1)between表示某人或物在两者之间,常用“between A and B”或“between+复数名词”结构。
注意:between在接三者或三者以上的物体时,是把这些物体分别看待,指每两者之间。
(2)among表示某人与物“在三者或更多之间”;其所在的范围内的人或物通常被视为一个整体。
Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
7.through, across, past, over
(1)through表示从内部穿过,与in有关。
The signals go through glass, doors and walls.信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
7.through, across, past, over
(2)across表示从表面上通过,与on有关。
During the day, we’ll work across the land, following the footprints of big animals such as elephants, lions and giraffes.白天,我们将循着一些大型动物的足迹,比如大象、狮子、长颈鹿,穿越大地。
注意:across是介词,须与动词搭配,在句中作谓语;cross是动词,可以单独在句中作谓语。
(3)past表示从旁边经过。
They drove past a big supermarket.她们开车经过一家大型超市。
(4)over表示从上方跨过。
The plane flew over the Great Wall.飞机飞越长城。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
8.Except, besides, except for
(1)except表示“除…之外(其余都)”,其后的宾语被排除在外。
In 50 years of traveling Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three.在50年的旅游生涯中,科林·麦科克代尔参观了世界上除3个国家以外的所有国家。
(2)besides表示“除…之外(其他的也)”,其后的宾语被包括在内。
Besides films, VR might also have some other uses.除了电影之外,虚拟现实也可以有其他的一些用途。
(3)except for也表示排除,但被排除的内容往往与主语不是同一类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面。
He is a good man except for hot temper.他是一个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
9.with, by, in
表示工具、手段、材料时,with, by, in都表示“用”。
(1)with多指用具体的工具,或身体的某些器官。
In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc.过去,人们常用蜡烛点灯笼,用鸟、兽,花等图案装饰灯笼。
We see with eyes.
(2)by侧重某种方法、手段。
They crossed the river by ferry.她们乘船过了河。
(3)in指使用的语言和工具的具体类型。
We visited the moon in our spaceship.我们乘坐宇宙飞船访问了月球。
介词和介词短语巩固练习
选择填空
1.Peter realized his little sister was crying ________ what he had said.
Because B. because of C.as D. since
2.He is hard-working, for every time I go to see him, he is ________ work.
A. out of B. off C.in D.at
3. Lucy visited quite a few museums ___ her stay in England.
During B. among C. while D. since
4. I certainly agree ________your proposal.But I wonder if we two and the other members of the board will agree ________ the steps for the coming year.
A.to; with B.to; on C. on; with D. on; on
B
D
A
B
介词和介词短语巩固练习
选择填空
5.He likes travelling; he likes taking photos ________.
A.as well as B. either C. both D.as well
6.The reason ________ his going to France was ________ he got a new job there.
for; because B. for; that C. of; because D. of; that
7.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves.
A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on
8. He invited me to a dance after the show____ Christmas Eve.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
D
B
A
B
介词和介词短语巩固练习
选择填空
9.Try on this red skirt; you will look great __________ it.
A. on B. by C. in D. for
10.Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s __________ the visiting hours.
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
11.—You know, Bob is a little slow __________ understanding, so….
—So I have to be patient him.
A. in; with B. on ; with C. in; to D. at; for
12.No one helped me. I did it all _________myself.
A. for B. by C. from D. to
C
C
A
B
介词和介词短语巩固练习
选择填空
13.At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
14.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.
A. by B. of C. with D. from
15.Elizabeth has already achieved success _____ her wildest dreams.
A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon
16.The manager suggested an earlier date ____________ the meeting.
A. on B. for C. about D. with
A
C
B
B
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译词组
根据 由于,鉴于
由于 尽管
除了 代表
为了 由于
以防 关于
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译词组
根据 according to 由于,鉴于 in view of
由于 as a result of 尽管 in spite of
除了 except for 代表 on behalf of
为了 for the sake of 由于 owing to
以防 in case of 关于 with reference to
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
1.在深蓝色天空的映衬下,星星看起来格外明亮。
2. 全球气候变暖会导致洪水、旱灾和疾病的发生。
3. 鉴于这些事实,继续下去似乎是无益的。
4.月亮终于从云层后面露了出来。
5.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
1.在深蓝色天空的映衬下,星星看起来格外明亮。
Stars look quite bright against the dark blue sky.
2. 全球气候变暖会导致洪水、旱灾和疾病的发生。
Floods,drought and disease will be caused as a result of global warming.
3. 鉴于这些事实,继续下去似乎是无益的。
In view of the facts, it seems useless to continue.
4.月亮终于从云层后面露了出来。
The moon finally peeped out from behind the clouds.
5.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。
It was because of the job that he had taken the flat.
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
6.她告诉他真相是出于真诚。
7. 尽管个子矮,她却是个出色的蓝球运动员。
8.除了等待结果我们别无选择。
9.除了我应得的,我并未接受任何东西。
10. 自以为高人一等是错误的。
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
6.她告诉他真相是出于真诚。
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.
7. 尽管个子矮,她却是个出色的蓝球运动员。
Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.
8.除了等待结果我们别无选择。
We had no choice but to wait the result.
9.除了我应得的,我并未接受任何东西。
I accepted nothing except what was due to me.
10. 自以为高人一等是错误的。
It’s wrong to think oneself above others.
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
11.河北省位于河南省的东部。
12.幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
8. 在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
9. 信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
10. 他是一个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。
介词和介词短语巩固练习
翻译句子
11.河北省位于河南省的东部。
Hebei province is on the north of Henan province.
12.幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
Happiness is a way station between too much and too little.
8. 在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
9. 信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
The signals go through glass, doors and walls.
10. 他是一个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。
He is a good man except for hot temper.

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