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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
音标
1、音标相关的基础知识
国际音标复习：
1.英语共有___48____个音标.
2.音标分为__元____音和__辅___音两大类.
3.元音有___20_____个,分为__双___元音和__单___元音.
4.辅音有___28_____个,按声带振动情况分为_清___辅音和_浊___辅音.
名称 音标
元音 单元音 [i:] [i] [e] [ ] [ :] [ ] [u:] [u] [ :] [ ][ɑ:] [ ]
双元音 [ei] [ai] [ u] [au] [i ] [ ] [ i] [u ]
辅音 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [ ] [ ] [tr] [ ] [ ]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [dr] [ ] [ ]
鼻音 [m] [n] [ ]
摩擦音 [h] [r] [j] [w]
舌侧音 [l]
1、音标的考察方式
音标的考察方式相对简单，一般就是选出ABCD四个选项中划线部分发音不同的选项。如：
1. A.dream B.seldom C.bell D.spend
1. A.hopes B.buys C.ladies D.finds
1. A.Australia B.hobby C.report D.problem
1. A. Thursday B. then C. there D. Other
1. A. food B. look C. broom D. afternoon
正常情况下，5题音标题可以分为
（1）考察正常的元音发音，如上题中的1、3。这种题目只要单词会读，发音准确，比较容易做对。
（1）考察比较难分辨的元音、辅音，或是有一定发音规律的题目，如上题中的2、4、5。
（1）考察其他辅音，如：
A. knock B. knife C. know D.kill
要做好（1）类题目，没有别的捷径，就是要正确掌握单词发音，搞清楚20个原因的发音以及几个对应的常见单词。对于没什么音标基础的同学，可以利用六年级上册英语书最后的“国际音标与例词”表，用熟悉的单词记音标，当元音及例词记熟练了之后，再利用音标记忆新单词。
要做好（2）类题目，可以用老师总结的口诀：
A：在 oo的字母组合，在英语中oo的发音『u：』『u』那到底如何分辨呢？
下面的口诀可以帮助大家记忆：煮毛木，看好书，带站足，明后屋。除之外，读长|u:|。
解析：煮（cook）毛（wood）木（wood）。带（took）站（stood）足（foot）明（understood）后屋（classroom,bedroom...）
特别要注意，room中oo发长音|u:|，但在classroom, bedroom等词里面就发短音了。
所以这题的正确答案是
A. food B. look C. broom D. afternoon
[fu:d] [luk] [bru:m] [ɑ:ft `nu:n]
B: th在单词开头到底发/θ/还是 / /
A组第四小题考试的是th的发音，到底是发/θ/还是/ /。这个发音的判断对于小六学生比较难，但我们可以通过词性来判断发音。
(1).th位于词首时，可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。在名词、动词、形容词和数词中th发清辅音,发/θ/.
如：thing, theatre, thunder, thermos, Thursday, theory, theme, throat, thread, think,
thank, thrive, thicken, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand, thick, thirsty,thoughtful, thorough
在代词和一些功能词中th发浊辅音,发/ /.如： them, their, theirs, there,
the, than, then, though, thus, therefore, they。只有介词through是个例外，发/θ/。
throw A. Thursday B. then C. there D. other
[θr ] [`θ :zdi] [ en] [ ] [` ]
C: s, es, ed在单词结尾的发音规律
一．名词加复数变成-s ,-es
1) 在清辅音后，读/s/, 如books中k是清辅音[k]，所以s发[s]
1) 在浊辅音和元音后读 /z/，如pigs中g是浊辅音[g]，所以s发[z]
1) 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches
1) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
总结规律就是发音看前面，_________发清[s]; _________发浊 [z]；_________发浊[z]
二. 动词加 –ed 的读法：
1) 清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f]等后，ed要读[t]。如：worked，finished。
1) 元音或浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v]等后，ed要读[d]。如：lived，called。
1) [t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。如：started，needed。
总结规律也是发音看前面，清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。再碰上这种题目，只要记好表格中的几个常见清辅音即可。
1、音标题的提分方法及音标的应用
1. 想要做到音标题少失分，甚至不失分，要有长期努力的觉悟，这个知识点跟本单词一样，不是掌握方法之后一下子就万事大吉而是要长期积累，掌握不同单词的读音。基础较弱的同学可以先从国际音标与例词入手。掌握音标基本书写与读音后，可以再本单词的时候把音标也抄一次，不但能够巩固音标，对于了解单词的重读也有好处哦。
2. 学了音标不但是为了应付考试，更是我们学习英语的重要工具。音标可以帮助我们纠正读音，可以帮助我们利用读音记忆单词。一个很长的单词如“communication”. 根据发音分为 “com”, “mu”, “ni”, “ca”, “tion” 5个音节，可以大大加强记忆效果，学霸都是这样记单词的哦。
2. 有时候音标还联系到其他知识点，部分题型如冠词、感叹句等，离不开扎实的音标知识。
到底是a hour 还是 an hour呢？到底是What a useful book! 还是 What an useful book! 小升初成绩比较好，知识储备比较扎实的同学也许能分辨出来，这就是音标知识过硬带来的好处。
1、音标训练
（1）选出划线部分发音不同的单词
( C )1.A.cake B.take C.nap D.wave
( A )2.A.bread B.eat C.tea D.seat
( D )3.A.never B.leg C.red D.he
( B )4.A.good B.too C.book D.neighborhood
( B )5.A.father B.crab C.shark D.car
(A )6.A.soda B.hot C.box D.not
(D )7.A.bike B.five C.my D.his
( B )8.A.order B.doctor C.boring D.corner
( A )9.A.what B.water C.walk D.talk
( C )10.A.go B.no C.to D.nose
( D )11.A.day B.play C.they D.Sunday
( C )12.A.lot B.not C.to D.follow
( A )13.A.each B.idea C.theatre D.dear
( B )14.A.flower B.follow C.how D.brown
( C )15.A.slide B.hi C.toilet D.bike
( A )16.A.you B.house C.blouse D.trousers
( D )17.A.study B.puzzle C.bus D.busy
( D )18.A.find B.dining-room C.behind D.pumpkin
( A )19.A.school B.sandwich C.China D.peach
( B )20.A.street B.coffee C.meet D.see
( A )21.A.toilet B.apple C.bottle D.table
( C )22.A.back B.lamp C.parent D.have
( D )23.A.pig B.together C.garden D.swing
( B )24.A.music B.telescope C.newspaper D.maths
( A )25.A.sofa B.off C.pot D.lot
( B )26.A.room B.foot C.too D.food
( C )27.A.teacher B.driver C.term D.waiter
( B )28.A.behind B.bedroom C.jacket D.eleven
( C )29.A.family B.camping C.dance D.blanket
( B )30.A.over B.other C.clothes D.home
（2）单词拼读复习
/i:/ /bi:/ ___bee_________ /fi:t/ ____feet________ /ki:p/ ____keep________
/ti:m/ ____team________ /mi:t/_____meet_______
/i/ /big/___big_________ /siti/___city_________ /giv/ ___give_________
/e/ /get/ ____get________ /best/ ___best_________ /tekst/ ___text_________
/ / /f t/____fat________ /h v/____have________ /k t/ ____cat________
/b k/ ____back________ /h t/____hat________
/a:/ /la:f/___laugh_________ /gla:s/___glass_________ /ha:f/ __half__________
/fa:m/ __farm__________ /pa:k/ __park__________
/ / /m st/ _must_______ /d z/__does________/′m ni/__money_______
/′ gli/___ugly_______ /k m/ __come______
/ :/ /h :s/__horse______ /s :/ __sour______ /k :n/ __corn________
/k :s/___course_________ /s :t/___sort_______
/ / /d g/___dog______ /p t/___pot______ /k st/ __cost________
/w t/__what_____ /′ nist/___honest_________
/u:/ /fu:d/___food_________ /mu:n/_moon_________ /ru:l/_rule________
/lu:s/ ___loose_______ /nu:n/ __noon________
/u/ /buk/ __book__________ /put/____put________ /gud/__good__________
/wud/ __wood________ /kud/ ___could_________
/ :/ /n :s/ nurse____________ /b :d/__bird__________ /b :n/___burn_________/t :n/___turn________/g :l/___girl_________
/ / /bet /___better_________ /nev /__never__________ /w :k / __worker__________
/ei/ /mei/___may_________ /neim/__name__________ /geim/__game__________
/ai/ /ai/ ___I_________ /taim/ __time__________/bai/ ___buy_________
/ i / /t i / ___toy_________ /n i z/ __noise________ /v i s/ __voice_______
/ u/ /n u/___no_________ /h um/ __home__________ /h up/___hope_________
/au/ /nau/ ___now_______ /aut/ __out________ /hau/ ___how________
/i / /i / ___ear_________ /ni / ___near______ /ai′di / ___idea_________
/ε / /ε /_____air_______ /tε / ___tear_________ /kε / ____care________
趣味阅读：
Denis was a thief（小偷）. He wrote a letter to another thief Pat. But the police got the letter. It reads: BNLD ZS LHCMHFGS ZMC GZUD SGD SGHQSX ONTMCR VHSG XNT.
What’s about How can you read it The policemen were quick. They studied the letter carefully and soon found out what they wanted. Now let’s suppose you were a policeman. Can you read Denis’ letter Maybe you need some help: When Denis wanted a letter, he wrote down the letter before it in the alphabet（字母表）. Now can you read Denis’ letter What must Pat do When And what did Denis want
1. The letter before B and C are A and B. The letter before A and B are ___B______
A. C and B B. Z and A C. A and Z D. Z and B
2. In the letter Denis asked Pat to go at ____B______.
A. noon B. midnight C. five o’clock D. eight o’clock
3. “The policemen were quick.” This sentence means the policemen ___C_______.
A. read the letter soon after they got it B. could run very fast
C. were very clever D. were very careful
4. Suppose Pat asked Denis to “meet at the railway station.” What would he write D
A. LDDW XS WKH UDLDZDB VSZSHNM.
B. LDDS CV VJD TCKNYCA VCVKQPY.
C. LDEU BU UIF QZHKVZX TUVUJPO.
D. LDDS ZS SGD QZHKVZX RSZSHNM.
5. What’s the best title of this passage D
A. A Strange Letter B. A Clever Thief
C. The Clever Policemen D. How to Read a Letter
强化训练
一、写出含有以下原因的单词（有就可以），每个音标写三词。
/i:/ see meet sea
/i/ big pig kick
/e/ beg pet bed
/ /bag pack back
/a:/ park car mark
/ :/ call tall fall
/ /shop not dog
/u:/ glue blue true
/u/cook look took
/ /but come ugly
/ :/ hurt her nurse
/ /teacher doctor better
/ei/name cake face
/ u/nose note boat
/ai/kite bike side
/au/how cow now
/ i/ toy boy noisy
/i /hear ear beer
/ε /bear pear wear
/u /during tour poor
[blu:] blue [da:ns] dance [mu:n] moon
[fa:] far [laik] like [geit] gate
[tju:b] tube [flai] fly [lend] lend
[priti] pretty [lesn ] lesson [h pi ] happy
[f mili] family [plei] play [f ks] forks
[t ′ge ] together [meni] many [taig ] tiger
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
音标
1、音标相关的基础知识
国际音标复习：
1.英语共有_______个音标.
2.音标分为______音和______音两大类.
3.元音有________个,分为_____元音和_____元音.
4.辅音有________个,按声带振动情况分为____辅音和____辅音.
名称 音标
元音 单元音 [i:] [i] [e] [ ] [ :] [ ] [u:] [u] [ :] [ ][ɑ:] [ ]
双元音 [ei] [ai] [ u] [au] [i ] [ ] [ i] [u ]
辅音 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [ ] [ ] [tr] [ ] [ ]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [dr] [ ] [ ]
鼻音 [m] [n] [ ]
摩擦音 [h] [r] [j] [w]
舌侧音 [l]
1、音标的考察方式
音标的考察方式相对简单，一般就是选出ABCD四个选项中划线部分发音不同的选项。如：
1. A.dream B.seldom C.bell D.spend
1. A.hopes B.buys C.ladies D.finds
1. A.Australia B.hobby C.report D.problem
1. A. Thursday B. then C. there D. Other
1. A. food B. look C. broom D. afternoon
正常情况下，5题音标题可以分为
（1）考察正常的元音发音，如上题中的1、3。这种题目只要单词会读，发音准确，比较容易做对。
（1）考察比较难分辨的元音、辅音，或是有一定发音规律的题目，如上题中的2、4、5。
（1）考察其他辅音，如：
A. knock B. knife C. know D.kill
要做好（1）类题目，没有别的捷径，就是要正确掌握单词发音，搞清楚20个原因的发音以及几个对应的常见单词。对于没什么音标基础的同学，可以利用六年级上册英语书最后的“国际音标与例词”表，用熟悉的单词记音标，当元音及例词记熟练了之后，再利用音标记忆新单词。
要做好（2）类题目，可以用老师总结的口诀：
A：在 oo的字母组合，在英语中oo的发音『u：』『u』那到底如何分辨呢？
下面的口诀可以帮助大家记忆：煮毛木，看好书，带站足，明后屋。除之外，读长|u:|。
解析：煮（cook）毛（wood）木（wood）。带（took）站（stood）足（foot）明（understood）后屋（classroom,bedroom...）
特别要注意，room中oo发长音|u:|，但在classroom, bedroom等词里面就发短音了。
所以这题的正确答案是
A. food B. look C. broom D. afternoon
[fu:d] [luk] [bru:m] [ɑ:ft `nu:n]
B: th在单词开头到底发/θ/还是 / /
A组第四小题考试的是th的发音，到底是发/θ/还是/ /。这个发音的判断对于小六学生比较难，但我们可以通过词性来判断发音。
(1).th位于词首时，可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。在名词、动词、形容词和数词中th发清辅音,发/θ/.
如：thing, theatre, thunder, thermos, Thursday, theory, theme, throat, thread, think,
thank, thrive, thicken, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand, thick, thirsty,thoughtful, thorough
在代词和一些功能词中th发浊辅音,发/ /.如： them, their, theirs, there,
the, than, then, though, thus, therefore, they。只有介词through是个例外，发/θ/。
throw A. Thursday B. then C. there D. other
[θr ] [`θ :zdi] [ en] [ ] [` ]
C: s, es, ed在单词结尾的发音规律
一．名词加复数变成-s ,-es
1) 在清辅音后，读/s/, 如books中k是清辅音[k]，所以s发[s]
1) 在浊辅音和元音后读 /z/，如pigs中g是浊辅音[g]，所以s发[z]
1) 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches
1) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
总结规律就是发音看前面，_________发清[s]; _________发浊 [z]；_________发浊[z]
二. 动词加 –ed 的读法：
1) 清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f]等后，ed要读[t]。如：worked，finished。
1) 元音或浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v]等后，ed要读[d]。如：lived，called。
1) [t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。如：started，needed。
总结规律也是发音看前面，清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。再碰上这种题目，只要记好表格中的几个常见清辅音即可。
1、音标题的提分方法及音标的应用
1. 想要做到音标题少失分，甚至不失分，要有长期努力的觉悟，这个知识点跟本单词一样，不是掌握方法之后一下子就万事大吉而是要长期积累，掌握不同单词的读音。基础较弱的同学可以先从国际音标与例词入手。掌握音标基本书写与读音后，可以再本单词的时候把音标也抄一次，不但能够巩固音标，对于了解单词的重读也有好处哦。
2. 学了音标不但是为了应付考试，更是我们学习英语的重要工具。音标可以帮助我们纠正读音，可以帮助我们利用读音记忆单词。一个很长的单词如“communication”. 根据发音分为 “com”, “mu”, “ni”, “ca”, “tion” 5个音节，可以大大加强记忆效果，学霸都是这样记单词的哦。
2. 有时候音标还联系到其他知识点，部分题型如冠词、感叹句等，离不开扎实的音标知识。
到底是a hour 还是 an hour呢？到底是What a useful book! 还是 What an useful book! 小升初成绩比较好，知识储备比较扎实的同学也许能分辨出来，这就是音标知识过硬带来的好处。
1、音标训练
（1）选出划线部分发音不同的单词
( )1.A.cake B.take C.nap D.wave
( )2.A.bread B.eat C.tea D.seat
( )3.A.never B.leg C.red D.he
( )4.A.good B.too C.book D.neighborhood
( )5.A.father B.crab C.shark D.car
( )6.A.soda B.hot C.box D.not
( )7.A.bike B.five C.my D.his
( )8.A.order B.doctor C.boring D.corner
( )9.A.what B.water C.walk D.talk
( )10.A.go B.no C.to D.nose
( )11.A.day B.play C.they D.Sunday
( )12.A.lot B.not C.to D.follow
( )13.A.each B.idea C.theatre D.dear
( )14.A.flower B.follow C.how D.brown
( )15.A.slide B.hi C.toilet D.bike
( )16.A.you B.house C.blouse D.trousers
( )17.A.study B.puzzle C.bus D.busy
( )18.A.find B.dining-room C.behind D.pumpkin
( )19.A.school B.sandwich C.China D.peach
( )20.A.street B.coffee C.meet D.see
( )21.A.toilet B.apple C.bottle D.table
( )22.A.back B.lamp C.parent D.have
( )23.A.pig B.together C.garden D.swing
( )24.A.music B.telescope C.newspaper D.maths
( )25.A.sofa B.off C.pot D.lot
( )26.A.room B.foot C.too D.food
( )27.A.teacher B.driver C.term D.waiter
( )28.A.behind B.bedroom C.jacket D.eleven
( )29.A.family B.camping C.dance D.blanket
( )30.A.over B.other C.clothes D.home
（2）单词拼读复习
/i:/ /bi:/ ____________ /fi:t/ ____________ /ki:p/ ____________
/ti:m/ ____________ /mi:t/____________
/i/ /big/____________ /siti/____________ /giv/ ____________
/e/ /get/ ____________ /best/ ____________ /tekst/ ____________
/ / /f t/____________ /h v/____________ /k t/ ____________
/b k/ ____________ /h t/____________
/a:/ /la:f/____________ /gla:s/____________ /ha:f/ ____________
/fa:m/ ____________ /pa:k/ ____________
/ / /m st/ ________ /d z/__________/′m ni/_________/′ gli/__________
/k m/ ________
/ :/ /h :s/________ /s :/ ________ /k :n/ __________/k :s/____________
/s :t/__________
/ / /d g/_________ /p t/_________ /k st/ __________/w t/_______
/′ nist/____________
/u:/ /fu:d/____________ /mu:n/__________ /ru:l/_________ /lu:s/ __________
/nu:n/ __________
/u/ /buk/ ____________ /put/____________ /gud/____________/wud/ __________
/kud/ ____________
/ :/ /n :s/ ____________ /b :d/____________ /b :n/____________/t :n/___________/g :l/____________
/ / /bet /____________ /nev /____________ /w :k / ____________
/ei/ /mei/____________ /neim/____________ /geim/____________
/ai/ /ai/ ____________ /taim/ ____________/bai/ ____________
/ i / /t i / ____________ /n i z/ __________ /v i s/ _________
/ u/ /n u/____________ /h um/ ____________ /h up/____________
/au/ /nau/ __________ /aut/ __________ /hau/ ___________
/i / /i / ____________ /ni / _________ /ai′di / ____________
/ε / /ε /____________ /tε / ____________ /kε / ____________
趣味阅读：
Denis was a thief（小偷）. He wrote a letter to another thief Pat. But the police got the letter. It reads: BNLD ZS LHCMHFGS ZMC GZUD SGD SGHQSX ONTMCR VHSG XNT.
What’s about How can you read it The policemen were quick. They studied the letter carefully and soon found out what they wanted. Now let’s suppose you were a policeman. Can you read Denis’ letter Maybe you need some help: When Denis wanted a letter, he wrote down the letter before it in the alphabet（字母表）. Now can you read Denis’ letter What must Pat do When And what did Denis want
1. The letter before B and C are A and B. The letter before A and B are _________
A. C and B B. Z and A C. A and Z D. Z and B
2. In the letter Denis asked Pat to go at __________.
A. noon B. midnight C. five o’clock D. eight o’clock
3. “The policemen were quick.” This sentence means the policemen __________.
A. read the letter soon after they got it B. could run very fast
C. were very clever D. were very careful
4. Suppose Pat asked Denis to “meet at the railway station.” What would he write
A. LDDW XS WKH UDLDZDB VSZSHNM.
B. LDDS CV VJD TCKNYCA VCVKQPY.
C. LDEU BU UIF QZHKVZX TUVUJPO.
D. LDDS ZS SGD QZHKVZX RSZSHNM.
5. What’s the best title of this passage
A. A Strange Letter B. A Clever Thief
C. The Clever Policemen D. How to Read a Letter
强化训练
一、写出含有以下原因的单词（有就可以），每个音标写三词。
/i:/ ________ ________ ________
/i/ ________ ________ ________
/e/ ________ ________ ________
/ /________ ________ ________
/a:/ ________ ________ ________
/ :/________ ________ ________
/ /________ ________ ________
/u:/________ ________ ________
/u/________ ________ ________
/ /________ ________ ________
/ :/________ ________ ________
/ /________ ________ ________
/ei/________ ________ ________
/ u/________ ________ ________
/ai/________ ________ ________
/au/________ ________ ________
/ i/________ ________ ________
/i /________ ________ ________
/ε /________ ________ ________
/u /________ ________ ________
二、按音标写单词
[blu:] [da:ns] [mu:n] _______________
[fa:] [laik] [geit] _________________
[tju:b] [flai] [lend]_________________
[priti] [lesn ] [h pi ]_________________
[f mili] [plei] [f ks] __________________
[t ′ge ] [meni] [taig ]__________________
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