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2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：人物传记类阅读（含解析）
一、
The exact location in France where Dutch master Vincent van Gogh painted his last work of art has been discovered.
A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tree Roots, was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Gogh spent the last weeks of his life in the village. Helpfully, the card even included the name of the street.
Researchers were given a unique glimpse(体验) into the famous painter’s final hours. He was at work right up to the end.
Wouter van der Veen, scientific director of the Van Gogh Institute in France, made the discovery. While stuck at home, van de Veen used the extra time to organize the numerous files and documents on van Gogh, including images such as the old postcard from Auvers-sur-Oise. One day in late April, he saw the card on his computer screen and it suddenly struck him that he was looking at the location of Tree Roots. Next to the man and his bicycle, roots and trees are clearly visible. He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.
“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shapes,” van der Veen said. “It was really hiding in overt sight.”
The discovery provides tourists with an extra reason to visit Auvers-sur-Oise. “They travel a lot just for one reason—to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh. Now they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,” van der Veen said. “And that’s a very moving thing for a lot of people. So I'm very happy, to be able to share that with all those who love van Gogh.”
1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.What the postcard revealed.
B.How Tree Roots was discovered.
C.Why Auvers-sur-Oise became known.
D.Where van Gogh painted his works.
2.How did van der Veen confirm his discovery
A.He studied a picture of Auvers-sur-Oise.
B.He organized his data on van Gogh.
C.He traveled to France to see for himself.
D.He paid a visit to the spot online.
3.What does the underlined word “overt” in paragraph 5 mean
A.Mixed. B.Obvious. C.Lovely. D.Strange.
4.What can we infer about tourists to Auvers-sur-Oise
A.They enjoy exploring how to paint.
B.They share their love for van Gogh.
C.They admire van Gogh very much.
D.They want to experience the life there.
二、
It was the first day of spring here but it didn't feel like it. The COVID-19 epidemic was sweeping the globe and everywhere there were feelings of fear and loneliness. "Social distancing" had become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed; the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had been told to work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered workshop where my oldest son worked had been closed until further notice. There had been a run on things in the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of the sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.
My family were staying at home as much as possible and as I looked out of my window I wondered how long this crisis would last. It was then, however, that I saw something that lifted that weight off my soul, made me smile, and made my heart feel happy again. In the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from high school who was a teacher there. With him was my younger son's former aide from the high school as well. They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck at home. Watching them made me think of something everyone's childhood television neighbour, Mr Rogers, once said: "In the bad times, always look for the helpers."
I have no doubt that this crisis will pass like all the crises before. But it is our choice whether it brings out the best in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use it to free yourself from fear. Use it to become a kinder, more giving, and more loving person. Become a helper to all those in need and you will be a happy person today and in all the days to come.
1.Why didn't the author like the first day of spring
A.He had to work at home instead of being at the office.
B.There was an epidemic everywhere in the world.
C.There wasn't social distance between each other.
D.His own company had been closed for a long time.
2.How did people feel in the face of the epidemic
A.Disappointed. B.Confident. C.Tense. D.Doubtful.
3.What made the author happy
A.Staying together with his family.
B.Talking with his old friend in the street.
C.Watching childhood television at home.
D.Seeing someone delivering lunches from door to door.
4.What do Mr Rogers' words actually mean
A.We are supposed to help each other in bad times.
B.In good times we needn't do much to help others.
C.We should ask more people to help us in bad times.
D.It's not necessary for us to find helpers in bad times.
三、
Simone Biles was born in 1997. Soon, her parents found that she couldn't sit still. When she was 6 years old, her day-care group went on a field trip to a gym. Simone loved watching the gymnasts train and performances. She couldn't just watch them, though-she had to try their moves. She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home with her, inviting Simone to take gymnastics classes.
Simone loved the classes, and she was excellent at climbing, swinging, jumping, and tumbling (翻筋斗). Though she had a lot to learn, the coaches could hardly keep up with Simone. When one girl performed a standing back tuck (翻折), Simone was sure she could do one too. Her coach didn't believe her, so Simone tried the trick and made it on the spot.
At 9, Simone learned why she couldn't sit still: She had ADHD (多动症). Her brain moved fast and her body did too-which made it hard for her to concentrate in school but which also made her an amazing gymnast. "The challenges we face help define who we are, "Simone wrote "My challenge is also my superpower." Simone's superpower would help make her one of the most dynamic gymnasts ever seen.
Simone is one of the greatest athletes in history. At age 16, she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships (AGWC), including the all-around (the total score from competing in all events). She has now won 25 world medals, 19 of them gold. That's the most in world gymnastics history.
Simone competed in her first Olympics in 2016. She was the first female U. S. gymnast to win four gold medals in an Olympic Games. Since then, Simone has debuted (首次呈现)some moves never successfully done in world competitions, including a double-double dismount (下马) from the balance beam. The move became known as the Biles. Several signature moves have been named after Simone.
1. Who found Simone Biles' gymnastics talent
A. Her parents. B. A tour guide.
C. A gymnastics coach. D. Her kindergarten teacher.
2. What brought Simone the gift of gymnastics
A. A disease. B. An accident. C. A superpower. D. A family tradition.
3. Which is one of Simone Biles' achievements
A. She has now won 25 world gold medals.
B. Some competitions are named after Simone.
C. She won two gold medals at AGWC in 2013.
D. She competed in her first Olympics at 21.
4. Why are some signature moves named after Simone Biles
A. She made those moves well-known worldwide.
B. She has won the most World Championship medals.
C. She created and owned the gymnastics skills by herself.
D. She used the actions for the first time internationally.
四、
Jules Verne was born on 8 February 1828 in the French city of Nantes. From an early age, he had a fascination with exploration and discovery. When he was six, his teacher, Madame Sambin, told him stories about her husband, who disappeared while travelling the world on a ship 30 years before. She told her class that he was like Robinson Crusoe, a fictional(虚构的)castaway who lived on a desert island. Verne would later write stories about similar characters.
In 1847, Verne was sent by his family to study law at a university in Paris, but he preferred to write novels, poems and plays. After graduating, he realized he wanted to write science adventure stories. This had never been done before, but Verne was sure that it would be a success. His first story, Five Weeks in a Balloon, was published in September 1862. His career lasted for more than 40 years, during which time he wrote more than 60 gripping(扣人心弦的)stories.
To begin with, Verne wrote positive and optimistic books. Many of these were to be his most popular creations. Although some included fantastical elements, they were usually based on scientific facts, making them believable. These happy stories weren't to last. As he got older, Verne became less confident in the idea that science and technology were always good for the planet. His hooks started to include more scientists who used technology for their own-sometimes evil-purposes. Verne died on 24 March 1905, but new books continued to be published until 1919. These stories were based on ideas Verne had written about while he was still alive, but featured new characters and plots created by his son, Michel.
In the 20th century, his books were translated into more than 140 languages and several successful film versions came out. His creations have been recognized as an inspiration for many scientists and inventors. Many of the futuristic ideas from his most popular books have since come true.
1.What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To describe Verne's discovery.
B.To introduce the characters of his stories.
C.To present the adventure of Sambin's husband.
D.To show the teacher's impact on Verne's writing.
2.What does the underlined word "This" refer to in paragraph 2
A.Studying law. B.Graduating from university.
C.Writing novels, poems and plays. D.Writing science adventure stories.
3.What can he learned about Verne's later works
A.They covered happy elements.
B.They were unbelievable stories.
C.They revealed Verne's doubt on science.
D.They were partly written by Verne's son.
4.Which of the following words can best describe Verne
A.Talented and productive. B.Popular and caring.
C.Optimistic and generous. D.Friendly and honest.
五、
When Thomas Panek lost his eyesight more than 25 years ago, the avid runner doubted he would ever pursue his lifelong passion again.
Indeed, although Panek had been crazy about running since high school, the idea of running blind seemed altogether too challenging. But he did manage to keep his dream alive—with help from human guides who assisted him on each run.
Even so, the real joy of the run—the thrill of independence that comes from conquering a course on your own terms—eluded(躲避) him. “When you’re tied to another person, it’s no longer your own race,” the 48-year-old said. “The independence isn’t quite there.”
Then Panek found a friend—indeed, man’s best friend—who would help him achieve that sense of purpose. He started running with a guide dog named Gus. Not only did Panek rediscover his love for running, but, along the way, he founded Guiding Eyes for the Blind, an organization dedicated to providing service dogs for the visually disabled.
On March 16, Gus glided across the finish line with his human at the New York City Half Marathon. At that moment, they both breezed into the history books. Panek, who finished the course in a little more than two hours and 20 minutes, became the first blind runner to complete the race led by dogs.
Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—who would retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace. “It’s a little emotional for me because he’s been there with me the whole time,” Panek said.
But Panek was quick to point out that it wasn’t just Gus who provided the wind beneath his running shoes. In all, three guide dogs helped him see his way to the finish line. Siblings Westley and Waffle picked up the early legs of the course, each running between five and eight kilometers of the 21-kilometer race.
With retirement looming, it would be the faithful yellow lab’s last race. But for Panek, the road ahead remains long and bright—not only for him, but for anyone with a disability who still hopes to run down a dream.
1.When did Thomas become blind
A.When he was about 23. B.When he was 25 years old.
C.When he was in high school. D.When he was 48 years old.
2.Why did Panek get himself the guide dog Gus
A.Because he didn’t want to have another person with him.
B.Because he wanted to found Guiding Eyes for the Blind.
C.Because he wanted to help those with visual disability.
D.Because he wanted to enjoy the delight of running independently.
3.What do we learn about the dog Gus from the passage
A.It was the first dog to lead a blind runner at the Half Marathon.
B.It ran the whole course of the New York City Half Marathon.
C.It ran about eight kilometers with Thomas Panek at the race.
D.It wouldn’t be working as a guide dog to Thomas Panek any more.
4.Which of the following best shows Thomas’s qualities as a runner
A.Independent and caring. B.Passionate and persistent.
C.Crazy and emotional. D.Kind and helpful.
六、
My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lives. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.
As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled(用鼻子安抚) her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally. I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe. I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse excepting riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.
In my meetings with Fira, I found that I lost my usual self-consciousness, and I would focus entirely on communicating. I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. When you stand beside a horse, you exist completely in the moment.
With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul.
1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph
A.She loves animals very much. B.She went to a doctor with high hopes.
C.She suffered from mental illness. D.She often lost consciousness.
2.When she approached Fira further , the author____________.
A.became grateful for her past pain B.had an emotional breakdown
C.was curious about what would happen D.felt deeply touched
3.When the author and Fira worked together,_________.
A.Fira accepted the author’s emotions and reacted positively
B.Fira helped the author focus on her thoughts
C.the author recalled her past hurts, fears and failings
D.the author had to try hard to feel better
4.What did the author learn during her time with Fira
A.It is necessary to show compassion to others.
B.One shouldn’t be affected by emotions.
C.One should learn lessons from the past.
D.It is important to live in the moment.
七、
In July 1954 Richard Baker, who died aged 93, became the first announcer to introduce a news bulletin(新闻简报) on BBC television. His debut(首次亮相) was limited and urged BBC to put aside any fear that seeing facial expressions might be distracting for viewers, and make their newsreaders visible.
Baker's first newsflash outside a scheduled bulletin came in October 1955, when Princess Margaret declared the break up with Peter Townsend, and from 1957 he was joined by Robert Dougall as the regular faces of BBC TV news.
Baker had started with the corporation in 1950, first as a studio manager and then an announcer on the Third Programme, now Radio 3, and returned to his love for classical music, introducing concerts from the Royal Albert Hall for TV (1960—1995), and presenting programmes with enthusiasm on Radio 2, including "Friday Night Is Music Night" (1998—2005). He also broadcast on Radio 3 and Classic FM. Besides, he had become the nearest BBC had found to successor to Richard Dimbleby as a reporter for a outside broadcasts of great occasions.
His sense of composure—thinking on his feet without betraying the fact—served him well in broadcasting. He liked to give the impression that he was rather a muddler who could forget where he should be at any given moment, but in reality he was in be complete control.
He was declared TV Newsreader of the Year three times in the 1970s, and won a Sony Gold award for his lifetime achievement in radio. As a member of the Broadcasting Standards Council, he did much to lessen complaints against his industry.
1.Why was BBC cautious about making newsreaders visible
A.Facial expressions were hard to read. B.The audience's attention might be distracted.
C.Technological support was not reliable. D.Viewers were uninterested in newsreaders.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Baker made a career in BBC. B.Music programs were popular.
C.A suitable job was hard to find. D.Baker had a deep love for music.
3.What contributed to Baker's success in his career
A.His good sense of humour. B.His rich work experience.
C.His calm personality. D.His good education.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Journalism was a promising industry. B.Baker was the most successful newsreader.
C.Broadcasting received some criticism. D.Baker had a talent for management.
八、
It is her ordinariness that makes her extraordinary.
Unlike many in the entertainment world, British singer-songwriter Adele-full name Adele Laurie Blue Adkins-isn't an image-obsessed(过分关注形象的), diet fanatic(狂热者). "My life is full of drama and, won't have time to worry about something like what I look like," she told Rolling Stone magazine. "I don't like going to the gym. I like eating fine foods and drinking nice wine."
Adele grew up with her single mom in north London. She is like any normal London girl, except that Adele has had countless number one hits and holds three Guinness World Records, one for being the first solo female singer to spend 11 straight weeks at number one in the UK chart.
Adele started writing songs at the age of 15 when she bought herself a guitar. She recorded three songs for a class project and posted them on . They were spotted by a record company, and her career kicked off. Her first album, 19-her age at the time-shot to number one in 2008.
Fans love her deep, jazzy voice and Adele has her own tips for singing. "It's more impressive, somehow, if you don't try to impress," she said. "Be natural with it. Say it straight."
Her chatty London-girl attitude can have its downsides(不利方面). She recently had to cancel a tour because of a vocal chord(声带)problem. She told The Sun that the root of the problem was "because I was talking too much".
Adele is now number nine in the Sunday Times Rich List for British music stars under the age of 30, but she remains as grounded(脚踏实地的) as ever. In a recent interview with The Telegraph, she described how she enjoys her success: "Money doesn't matter to me I give a lot to Great Ormond Street Hospital, monthly It's important to me that I give, because people always helped me and my mom out when we needed it."
1.What makes the British singer Adele extraordinary
A.That she doesn't care about her image.
B.That she sticks to being herself.
C.That she likes eating and drinking.
D.That she is totally different from other singers.
2.Why did Adele have to cancel a recent tour
A.Because there was something wrong with her voice.
B.Because she didn't want to talk too much.
C.Because The Sun complained she was too chatty.
D.Because her London style was not popular.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Adele is one of the richest ladies in the world.
B.Adele is the 9th most famous British music star.
C.Adele contributes to society by donating money.
D.Adele has totally changed her lifestyle after success.
4.What is the best title of this passage
A.The life of a singer. Adele
B.Adele, an extraordinary singer
C.Adele's secret of being successful
D.The singing career of Adele
九、
It was a nervous time. World War II had started, and British ships were always watching for German submarines called U-boats. The ship Ben Lomond had left Cape Town, South Africa, with a crew of 55, including a young officer named Poon Lim.
On November 23, 1942, the worst fear came true. The Ben Lomond was attacked by a U-boat. Within minutes the boat was sinking. Poon Lim grabbed a life jacket and leaped over the side. He swam rapidly away from the ship in case it exploded. Sure enough, it let out a large boom and sank beneath the waves. For two hours Poon Lim struggled in the water. Once he almost got onto a life raft with five other sailors, but it got away from his grasp. Then he saw another life raft that was empty, swam to it, and climbed aboard. He found a few cans of biscuits, a water jug, some flares, and a flashlight, which could be enough supplies for about a month.
Day after day Poon Lim had his few biscuits and a couple of sips of water. He searched the horizon for ships. Twice he leaped up to shout and wave when he saw help coming. Once he saw a freight ship. It passed him. At a later time, he saw a United States Navy plane. It flew low over the raft but then disappeared. Still later a U-boat spotted him but for some reason left him alone.
Poon Lim knew he needed to stay strong. He couldn’t get much exercise on an eight-foot-square raft, but he could swim. A couple of times a day, he circled the raft, always watching for sharks. Soon his food and water ran low. He knew that drinking seawater would make him sick, so he tore off the canvas cover on his life jacket and set it out to catch rainwater. Then he took apart the flashlight and used a wire inside to make a fishhook. For months Poon Lim drifted, catching fish and sometimes birds. One time he even caught a shark. Finally, after 130 days, he noticed that the color of the water was changing. Two days later, on his 133rd day, he saw a boat. Three sailors in a small sailboat picked him up and took him to Belem, a city on the coast of Brazil. Poon Lim had crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
No one ever had survived longer on a raft at sea. Poon Lim received many honors, including Britain’s highest award. A booklet of his survival methods was put into every British life raft.
1.What happened just after Poon Lim’s ship was hit
A.It immediately exploded. B.Poon Lim jumped over the side.
C.Poon Lim found a life raft. D.The U-boat picked up survivors.
2.What did Poon Lim do just after his food and water ran low
A.He jumped up and down and waved, hoping to attract help.
B.He went swimming, hoping to find some fish.
C.He made a rain catcher and some fishing equipment.
D.He spotted a United States Navy plane.
3.Which of these things happened last
A.Poon Lim noticed that the water had changed color.
B.Poon Lim landed in a Brazilian city.
C.Some sailors picked up Poon Lim.
D.Poon Lim caught a shark with his fishhook.
4.Why was Poon lim presented with many honors
A.He had voyaged the longest time on the Atlantic Ocean.
B.He managed to spend 133 days on a life raft with determination.
C.He had a knowledge of survival methods on the sea.
D.He didn’t surrender himself to German U-boats.
十、
Jacob Kohut, 35, was one of the soldiers. He finally had some downtime during his 12-hour shift. He sat in the back of a Humvee, flute in hand, teaching students via his laptop how to play Beethoven’s Ode to Joy. That meant he was on double duty, as an active soldier and as a dedicated school band teacher.
For the past five years, he’s taught music at two Fairfax County, Virginia, schools—Canterbury Woods Elementary School in the morning and Frost Middle School in the afternoon. When he was on duty, Kohut’s days began in the morning with teaching his elementary class remotely from the drill floor of the DC Armory, finishing the lesson mere minutes before his shift started at 10 a.m. Later in the day, during his break, he would go online to teach his middle school students from the back of a Humvee.
Diane Leipzig, the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says, “He’s an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.” Music has always been a driving force in Kohut’s life. “My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do, because she was such a good role model.” says Kohut. Kohut insists he is not doing anything extraordinary. “We are here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 18 hours straight in the freezing cold, we're ready to do that.” he says. As the 11 instruments played by his virtual students synchronized in song, the familiar melody of Ode to Joy rang through the Humvee. At that moment, Kohut realized there wasn’t a timelier tune to teach his students. “It’s a symbol of unity and peace,” he says, “and that’s what the world needs right now.”
1. What’s the double identity of Jacob Kohut
A. Soldier and teacher. B. Soldier and student.
C. Teacher and student. D. President and teacher.
2. What do we know about Kohut's lesson to elementary students
A. The lesson began in the afternoon. B. The lesson finished very near his shift.
C. The lesson was performed face to face. D. The lesson was targeted at music itself.
3. What message does Leipzig want to convey in paragraph 3
A. Kohut had a positive effect on kids. B. Kohut wasn't equal to the position.
C. Kohut should be replaced by others. D. Kohut was typical of an inspired soldier.
4. Which of the following best describes Kohut as a teacher
A. Thrilled. B. Devoted. C. Ambitious. D. Humorous.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.段落大意题。根据第二段“A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tree Roots was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise…”可知,一位荷兰研究人员发现,在这位艺术家的最后一幅作品《树根》中描述的场景,可以在一张明信片上看到,这张明信片画的是一个男人站在一辆自行车旁,走在瓦兹河畔奥维尔村的一条后街上。梵高在这个村庄度过了他人生的最后一段时光。明信片甚至包括了街道的名称。所以,答案为 A。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.”可知,他用“谷歌街景”在网上进行了一次虚拟之旅。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shape,…”可知,村民们对这个地点和树根都很熟悉,甚至因为它的形状给它起了“大象”的名字,实际上它隐藏在显而易见的地方。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“They travel a lot just for one reason-to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh.”可知,他们非常钦佩梵高。
二、
答案：1-4 BCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的The COVID-19 epidemic was sweeping the globe and everywhere there were feelings of fear and loneliness.可知, 作者并不喜欢春季的第一天, 因为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在全球蔓延。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段中的The COVID-19 epidemic was sweeping the globe and everywhere there were feelings of fear and loneliness.和There had been a run on things in the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of the sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.可推断, 面对疫情, 人们的心灵上像是有了重担, 他们感到非常紧张、焦虑。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的It was then...made my heart feel happy again...They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck at home.可知, 让作者高兴的是他看到有人在挨家挨户地给被困在家中的饥饿的孩子送午餐。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据罗杰斯的这句话"in the bad times, always look for the helpers."再结合上下文提到疫情期间人们相互帮助的场景可以推测, 这句话的意思是"在危急的时刻, 人们都应该互相帮助"。故选A。
三、
答案：1-4 CACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home with her, inviting Simone to take gymnastics classes.（西蒙表现十分优秀，因而一位教练奇信到她家，邀请她上体操课。）可知，是一位体操教练发现了西蒙·拜尔斯的体操天赋。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段的第一、二句At 9, Simone learned why she couldn't sit still: She had ADHD (多动症）.Her brain moved fast and her body did too — which made it hard for her to concentrate in school but which also made her an amazing gymnast.(9岁时，西蒙知道自己为什么坐不住了：她有多动症。她的大脑和身体都在快速运转—这使她在学校很难集中注意力，但是也让她成为了一名了不起的体操运动员。）可知，是多动症这种疾病赋予了西蒙·拜尔斯的体操天赋。A.A disease一种疾病；B.An accident一次事故；C.A superpower超级大国；D.A family tradition家族传统。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第二句At age 16,she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships(AGWC).(她16岁时在体操世锦赛上获得了两枚金牌。）以及第一段的第一句Simone Biles was born in 1997.（西蒙·拜尔斯生于1997年。）可知，她在1997年出生，她16岁的时候是2013年，所以她在2013年夺得了体操世锦赛的两枚金牌。故选C项。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第三、四句Since then, Simone has debuted（首次呈现）moves never successfully done in world competition, including a double-double dismount (下马) from the balance beam. The move became known as the Biles.(从那以后，西蒙首次成功完成了一些以往国际大赛中未曾成功的动作，包括双后空翻梁下马，这个动作也就是为人熟知的"拜尔斯跳"。）可知，一些体操动作以她的名字来命名是因为她在国际大赛中首创了这些动作。故选D项。
四、
答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.主旨大意题。定位至第一段。第一句是凡尔纳的出生日期和出生地点。第二句是讲了他的兴趣爱好:他在很小的时候就热衷于探索和发现。然后讲凡尔纳开始写作的启蒙事件:老师给全班同学讲述自己丈夫失踪的事情,并把丈夫比作鲁滨逊,这件事对凡尔纳产生了影响,这是他开始写作的启蒙,使得他在后来写自己的作品中也会有类似人物的故事。这些都是有关凡尔纳的背景资料。故选D。
2.猜测词义题。根据文章第二段第二三句 After graduating, he realized he wanted to write science adventure stories. This had never been done before, but Verne was sure that it would be a success. His first story, Five Weeks in a Balloon, was published in September 1862. 可知,毕业后,他意识到自己想写科学探险故事。这是以前从未有人做过的,但 Verne 确信它会成功。由此推断,This 指的是写科学冒险故事。D项符合文意。A项“学习法律”,B项“从大学毕业”,C项“写小说、诗歌和戏剧”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段第五六句 As he got older, Verne became less confident in the idea that science and technology were always good for the planet. His books started to include more scientists who used technology for their own — sometimes evil — purposes. 可知,随着年龄的增长,Verne 对科学和技术总是有益于地球的观点变得不那么自信了。他的书开始包括更多利用技术达到自己的目的,有时是邪恶目的的科学家。由此推断,Verne 后期的书揭示了 Verne 对科学的怀疑,C项符合文意。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句 His career lasted for more than 40 years, during which time he wrote more than 60 gripping (扣人心弦的) stories. 可知,他的职业生涯持续了40多年,在此期间,他写了60多个扣人心弦的故事。Verne 在四十年间就写60多个故事,由此推断,他是一个有才华和多产的作家。A项符合文意。
五、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容" 'When you're tied to another person, it's no longer your own race,' the 48-year-old said."当你和另一个人拴在一起时 ,就不再是你自己的比赛了, "48岁的他说。)"可知,托马斯潘尼克现在48岁,而文章第一段内容"When Thomas Panek lost his eyesight more than 25 years a...(当托马斯潘尼克25年前失去视力时...提及失明是大约25年前发生的,) " 由此可推知, 48-25=23 ,应是大约23岁时失明的。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"Then Panek found a friend—indeed, man's best friend—who would help him achieve that sense of purpose. He started running with a guide dog named Gus.(后来,潘尼克找到了一个朋友一事实上, 人类最好的朋友可以帮助他实现目标感。他开始和一只叫格斯的导盲犬一起跑步。)"可知,他寻找导盲犬格斯是为了实现自己的目标感,而目标感应是文章第三段内容"Even so, the real joy of the run—the thrill of independence that comes from conquering a course on your own terms- eluded him.(即便如此,跑步的真正乐趣一以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感一是他无法体会的。)"提及的"以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感"。 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容"Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—who would retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace.(帕内克和格斯挥舞着各自的奖牌,他将在比赛结束后退役,两个屏住呼吸拥抱在一起。)"可知,这次半程马拉松比赛结束后,格斯就要退役了,且文章最后一段内容提及"With retirement looming, it would be the faithful yellow lab's last race.(随着退休的临近,这将是忠实的黄色拉布拉多的最后一场比赛。)" 该句中的"黄色拉布拉多应是指格斯由此可推知,它再也不能作为托马斯潘尼克的导育犬了。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容"Indeed, although Panek had been crazy about running since high school, the idea of running blind seemed altogether too challenging. But he did manage to keep his dream alive- with help from human guides who assisted him on each run.(事实上,尽管潘尼克从高中开始就疯狂地跑步,但盲人跑步的想法似乎太有挑战性了。但在人类向导的帮助下,他的梦想得以实现。)"可知,潘尼克对跑步充满热情,即使失明了,也没有放弃,而是在人类向导和导盲犬的帮助下去完成自己的追求,由此可推知,他是一个有热情而又坚持不懈的人。A.Independent and caring独立和关心他人的; B.Passionate and persistent.热情和执着的; C.Crazy and emotional疯狂和情绪化的;D.Kind and helpful善良,乐于助人的。故选B项。
六、
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D
解析： 1.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lives. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.我的医生带我去她住的农场散步。焦虑和抑郁让我身心俱疲，灰心丧气。"可知C. She suffered from mental illness.（她患有精神疾病）正确。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据原文第四段"Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally.我的内心发生了变化：我觉得自己仿佛找到了过去伤痛、恐惧和失败的源泉。我的情感开始融化。"可知作者心里受到了触碰。因此D.felt deeply touched（深深地感动了）正确。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据原文第六段"She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.她通过对我的情绪状态做出反应，并以一种开放、深情的方式将它反映给我，从而与我建立联系。"可知它对作者的情绪有反应。A. Fira accepted the author's emotions and reacted positively（Fira接受了作者的情绪并作出了积极的反应）正确。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第三段"I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place.我学会了活在当下，专注于这一天、这一刻、这地方正在发生的事情。"可知作者忘记了痛苦，学会了珍惜当下。D.It is important to live in the moment.（活在当下是很重要的）正确。故选D。
七、
答案：1-4 BACC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中His debut was limited and urged BBC to put aside any fear that seeing facial expressions might be distracting for viewers, and make their newsreaders visible.可知, BBC对让新闻播报员露面持谨慎态度, 主要是担心观众的注意力可能会被分散。故选B。
2.主旨大意题。阅读第三段可知, 本段以时间为线索, 介绍了贝克于1950年、1960年至1995年、1998年至2005年期间主要的工作经历。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中His sense of composure—thinking on his feet without betraying the fact—served him well in broadcasting.可知, 他的镇定—思维敏捷而又忠于事实—对他的广播事业很有帮助。因此, 贝克事业成功的原因是他冷静的性格。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中As a member of the Broadcasting Standards Council, he did much to lessen complaints against his industry.可知, 他作为广播标准委员会的成员, 为减少对广播行业的投诉做了很多工作, 因此可以推测广播行业受到了一些批评。
八、
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一句的“ It is her ordinariness that makes her extraordinary."及第二段和最后一段可推出Adele不轻易改变自己,坚持自己的生活方式和脚踏实地地生活,故选B。
2.细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第二句“ She recently had to cancel a tour because of a vocal chord(声带) problem.”可知,选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句中“ she enjoys her success. I give a lot to Great Ormond Street Hospital, monthly”可知,选C。
4.选项A过大,选项C、D都片面,选项B正好符合首段找到的主题句。
九、
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第=段内容'Within minutes the boat was sinking. Poon Lim grabbed a life jacket and leaped over the side."可知,船被撞击之后,几分钟内船就下沉了, Poon Lim抓起一件救生衣,从船边跳了过去。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"He knew that drinking seawater would make him sick, so he tore off the canvas cover on his life jacket and set it out to catch rainwater. Then he took apart the flashlight and used a wire inside to make a fishhook. For months Poon Lim drifted, catching fish and sometimes birds.' 可知,他扯下救生衣的帆布罩, 把它放在外面用来收集雨水;然后他拆开手电筒,用里面的一根电线做了一个鱼钩,在海上漂泊,捉鱼,有时捉鸟。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段末尾内容Two days later, on his 133rd day, he saw a boat. Three sailors in a small sailboat picked him up and took him to Belem, a city on the coast of Brazil. (两天后的第133天,他看到了一艘船。 开着一艘小船的三个水手把他带到了Belem ,巴西海岸的一个城市。)"可知,他最后被一艘小船救起随之一起在巴西的沿海城市Belem登陆故选B项。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段第1句内容"No one ever had survived longer on a raft at sea."可知没有人能在海上的木筏上生存如此长的时间,而Poon Lim做到了,因此他获得了很多荣誉。故选B项。
十、
答案：1-4 ABAB
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段中“That meant he was on double duty, as an active soldier and as a dedicated school band teacher.(这意味着他有双重职责，既是一名现役军人，又是一名敬业的学校乐队老师）”可知，Jacob Kohut是士兵和老师。故选A。2.细节理解题。 根据第二段中“When he was on duty. Kohut's days began in the morning with teaching his elementary class remotely from the drill floor of the DC Armory, finishing the lesson mere minutes before his shift started at 10 a.m.(当他值班的时候，Kohut从早上开始在华盛顿军械库的钻台远程教授他的小学课程，在他上午10点开始值班的几分钟前结束课程“可知，Kohut给小学生上的课在他轮班的时候结束了。故选B。3.主旨大意题。 根据第三段"Diane Leipzig. the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty. but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says. "He's an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination." Music has always been a driving force in Kohut's life. "My mom was a music teacher. That's why I do what I do. because she was such a good role model." says Kohut. Kohut insists he is not doing anything extraordinary. "We are here to do what's needed, and if that means standing outside for 18 hours straight in the freezing cold, we're ready to do that." he says. As the 11 instruments played by his virtual students synchronized in song. the familiar melody of Ode to Joy rang through the Humvee. At that moment, Kohut realized there wasn't a timelier tune to teach his students. "It's a symbol of unity and peace," he says. "and that's what the world needs right now. " (坎特伯雷森林小学的校长Diane Leipzig告诉Kohut, 她会找一一位代课老师在他当班时替他代课，但Kohut坚持要继续教书。她说，“他是一个很好的例子。他教我们的孩子实践和决心的重要性。”音乐一直是Kohut生活的驱动力。“我妈妈是一位音乐老师。这就是为什么我做我的工作，因为她是一个很好的榜样。”Kohut说。Kohut坚称他并没有做什么特别的事情。“我们来这里是为了做需要做的事，如果这意味着在寒冷的天气里站18个小时，我们已经准备好了。”他说。当他的虚拟学生们演奏着11种乐器的同时，熟悉的《欢乐颂》的旋律在悍马军车里回荡。在那一刻，Kohut意识到没有比这更适合教他的学生的曲子了。“它是团结与和平的象征，”他说，“而这正是世界现在所需要的。”）”可知，Leipzig在第三段想传达的信息是Kohut对孩子有积极的影响。故选A。4. 推理判断题。 根据第二段中"Later in the day. during his break. he would go online to teach his middle school students from the back of a Humvee.(当天晚些时候，在他的休息时间，他会在一辆悍马军车的后座上上网教他的中学生) "以及第三段中"Diane Leipzig, the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says, "He's an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination. " (坎特伯雷森林小学的校长Diane Leipzig告诉Kohut，她会找一位代课老师在他当班时替他代课，但Kohut坚持要继续教书。她说，"他是一个很好的例子。他教我们的孩子实践和决心的重要性。"）"可推知，Kohut是一个乐于奉献的老师。故选B.

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