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2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：社会现象类阅读（含解析）
一、
E-scooters are an increasingly common site on Britain’s roads and pavements. With an electric motor attached, they have become the go-to vehicle of unruly teenagers everywhere.
But here are two things that might surprise you: First, Even though they’re quite clearly being used by thousands of people, because of the way the law is written, e-scooters cannot use the pavements and cycle lanes, because they have a motor. But they can’t use the roads as motor vehicles either, because they are not properly licensed or taxed. And the second thing: I think they are brilliant. Because energy density and efficiency has improved, it has made it possible to strap a battery onto a scooter, and actually have it carry you far enough to be useful.
I’m enthusiastic about scooters because I think they’re like a Swiss Army Knife, and can help solve multiple problems in society. They’re much greener than cars, which is great for the environment. They’re much smaller too, so take up less space on the road. They could even help ease Britain’s ongoing housing crisis. Because e-scooters could expand the distance in which it is reasonable to commute, making more housing accessible to the people who need it. And from a less high-minded perspective, it’s impossible to deny that they’re huge fun to ride.
In 2020, the government authorized local authorities to permit trials of rental scooter schemes around the country. The scooters are operated by a range of providers, and can be picked up off the street by scanning a QR-code with an app. Now, I know what you’re thinking. Scooter users are already annoying — so wouldn’t legalizing them make them even worse I’m not convinced. If e-scooters were legalized, they could be properly licensed and regulated. I also think if privately owned scooters were allowed, it would also incentivize good behavior, as scooter owners rather than renters would be more likely to, for example, own a helmet and take good care of their own equipment.
There is some good news for the sceptics though. At the end of last year, the government scooted the question of legalization into the long grass, announcing that instead of making a decision, the regional trials would be extended until November. So, my dream of an e-scooter utopia might have to wait for a bit longer.
1.Which of the following may be out of our expectation
A.E-scooters are common on Britain’s roads. B.E-scooters cannot be used everywhere legally.
C.The practical value of e-scooters is limited. D.People prefer riding an e-scooter to using a car.
2.Why do e-scoters have a positive effect on the housing crisis in Britain
A.More houses are acceptable to more people
B.E-scooters are great for the housing environment.
C.E-scooters take up less space in houses.
D.It’s huge fun to ride an e-scooter in the house.
3.What does the underlined word “incentivize” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Encourage. B.Maintain. C.Restrict. D.Praise.
4.What is the government’s attitude towards legalization of e-scooters
A.Favorable. B.Cautious. C.Opposed. D.Indifferent.
二、
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining in global popularity. According to a government White Paper, TCM has been introduced to 183 countries and regions around the world.
Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on US swimmer Michael Phelps' back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the centre of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping people in good health in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 WHO members have approved the practice of acupuncture, not many recognise the Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients(原料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardised drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardisation, with the chemical compositions and functions of its medicine being unclear and their effects being unstable. But its standardisation has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patent TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
1.What does the author want to show by mentioning the example of Michael Phelps
A.He was injured in his swimming. B.Cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.
C.Westerners know little about TCM. D.Westerners attach great importance to TCM.
2.Why don't some members of WHO recognize the Chinese herbal medicine
A.Because Chinese herbs can cure diseases.
B.Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture.
C.Because Western medicine is more effective.
D.Because the medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.
3.Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM according to Paragraph 4
A.The methods of planting herbs. B.The effectiveness of prescriptions.
C.Lacking in standardisation. D.Its stable functions.
4.What does "the lack of creativity in TCM" refer to
A.Medicine-making companies lack creativity.
B.Prescriptions are got from the past.
C.Western companies are more experienced.
D.Medicine-making companies lack the driving force.
三、
It's good to share, right Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much With new fashion trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media
What is oversharing The term has become associated with social media, but it doesn't only belong to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have given away details about their personal life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in internet psychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them. It seems that sadfishing(博同情), the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However, Dr Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more positive posts we share on a platform, the more socially attractive we become. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We are supposed not to show off, as it's now known--- especially about our love lives. It makes sense – if your date is going 'that well', would you really have time to share a photo with text
So, how can you know if you are oversharing Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaint about your lack of money really are too much.
1.Why do some people try to overshare at parties
A.Because they want to catch others' attention.
B.Because they just want to show off something.
C.Because they have a strong desire to pour out their emotions.
D.Because they may expect to make a connection with someone.
2.What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean
A.explore B.expose C.display D.discuss
3.What can we know from the passage
A.We will become more socially attractive if we post more on a platform.
B.We tend to show sympathy when things go wrong.
C.We may be considered negative when seeking for sympathy by oversharing.
D.We can show off something positive especially about our love lives.
4.What is the purpose of the text
A.To inform. B.To inspire. C.To advertise. D.To condemn.
四、
A new international study published in PLOS Biology suggests that the popularity of tigers, lions, polar bears and others may actually contribute to their downfall. The researchers used a combination of online investigations, school questionnaires, zoo websites and cartoon films to identify the 10 most beloved animals. The top three were tigers, lions and elephants.
"I was surprised to see that although these 10 animals are the most beloved, a major danger faced by nearly all of them is the direct killing by humans, especially from hunting," said William Ripple, a distinguished professor of forest ecology at Oregon State University and a co-author of the study. "This killing by humans seems sadly ironic(讽刺的) to me, as these are some of our most beloved wild animals."
Many of these animals are so frequently described in pop culture and marketing materials that they may form an inaccurate "virtual population" that is doing better in the media than in nature, noted by lead author Franck Courchamp of the University of Paris. The researchers found, for example, that the average French citizens will see more virtual lions through photos, cartoons, logos and brands in one month than wild lions left in West Africa.
"Unknowingly, companies using giraffes or polar bears for marketing purposes may be actively contributing to the false belief that these animals are not at risk of dying out, and therefore not in need of conservation," Courchamp said. He suggested in the paper that companies using images of endangered animals for marketing purposes provide information to promote their conservation, and perhaps part of their profits for protection of the animals.
Nearly half of the toy animals sold in the United States on Amazon were one of the 10 beloved animals, while in France some 800,000 "Sophie the giraffe" baby toys were sold last year—more than eight times the number of giraffes living in Africa.
"The appearance of these beloved animals in stores, in movies, on television, and on a variety of products seems to be tricking the public into believing they are doing okay," Ripple said. "If we don't work together to save these animals, that may soon be the only way anyone will see them."
1.What is the text mainly about
A.Animal images are used in marketing.
B.Wild animals are at a high risk of dying out.
C.Animals' popularity in life causes their decrease.
D.Efforts are made to protect animals in danger.
2.What should companies do according to Courchamp
A.Use animals for marketing purposes. B.Spare some earnings to protect animals.
C.Avoid providing information about animals. D.Contribute themselves to marketing research.
3.Why does the author mention "Sophie the giraffe" baby toys
A.To prove these baby toys are a hit in France.
B.To advertise for the baby toys among readers.
C.To show the distinction between virtual and real population.
D.To indicate giraffes rank higher than other animals in France.
4.What does the underlined word "that" in the last paragraph refer to
A.Raising animals at home. B.A close look at the animals.
C.Exposure to animals in the wild. D.Animals' appearance in the media.
五、
In the past, video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family. Now, video conference tools are essential for our productivity, learning and social interaction. We use them not only for fun, but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
However, once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day, we become very tired. This term is called “zoom fatigue”, and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.
There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools. Without them, it might be impossible for us to work from home. But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a face-to-face conversation with others, everything seems pretty natural. While speaking, you look into the eyes, sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else. You know when to stop talking and when to speak up. Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people, you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time. You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking, and then they move their attention onto someone else. But when you use a teleconferencing tool, things are different. Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time, because you don’t know who is looking at you. You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said, “When you’re on a video conference, you know everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure — a feeling like you need to perform. Being performative is stressful.”
Moreover, there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned. Who are you looking at most of the time The answer is yourself. For most people, it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen. We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.
1. What is the so-called “zoom fatigue”
A. The fast pace of our modern life.
B. Boredom caused by too many video calls.
C. The wide spread of video technology
D. Burnout associated with overusing online platforms
2. What can video calls bring us when compared with face-to-face conversations
A. Higher cost. B. More stress. C. More free time. D. Better performance.
3. Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen
A. To be well-behaved. B. To get some comfort.
C. To grow self-confidence. D. To attract others’ attention.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The popularity of video calls. B. People’s attitude towards video calls.
C. Some unforeseen effects of video calls. D. Changes in people’s way of communication.
六、
Online eating shows, or mukbang(吃播), originated in South Korea have gained popularity globally.
Many hosts of such shows have become popular for their ability to eat large amounts of food. But these shows have also received criticism for their waste of food. While some hosts actually do consume the amount of food shown, others may be faking it.
On 12 Aug, CCTV exposed several Chinese hosts who were pretending to eat large amounts of food while on camera, but actually later threw it away.
To discourage this practice, many video and live streaming platforms, including TikTok, Kuaishou and Bilibili, have removed videos that show food waste, and have promoted the message to "stop food waste and eat reasonably".
In June 2020, the United Nations warned that the world is on the verge of the worst food crisis in 50 years.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, about a third of the world's food—1.3 billion tons—is wasted every year. In China alone, 50 million tons of food end up in landfills every year, according to Beijing News.
Recently, campaigns against food waste have been further promoted. In August, President Xi Jinping stressed the need for safeguarding food security and stopping food waste.
According to China Daily, restaurants and catering associations in more than18 provinces and all 4 municipalities have issued guidelines to control food waste.
In Shanxi Province, local restaurants have been asked to serve half-portions to avoid waste. The Wuhan Catering Association proposed that restaurants adopt the "N-1 mode". For example, a group of 10 diners should only order food enough for nine people first. More food is only brought to the table if required.
In addition, a nationwide "Clear Your Plate" campaign has been launched online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals.
Meanwhile, new laws are also being considered, according to China Daily. "We will make new laws that give clear instructions to avoid food waste," said Zhang Guilong from the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People's Congress. The instructions will be detailed in annual food production, purchasing, storage, transport, processing and consumption, according to Zhang.
1.What is CCTV's attitude towards the food waste in online eating shows
A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Objective. D.Unclear.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A.Most video media are contributing to stopping food waste.
B.We should eat up all the food on the table.
C.It's hard to carry out the "Clear Your Plate" campaign.
D.All the videos that show food waste have been removed.
3.What can we do to avoid food waste
A.We can adopt the "N+1 mode".
B.We can eat more food than we need.
C.We can choose not to watch online eating shows.
D.We can ask the restaurants to serve us half-portions.
4.What's the passage mainly about
A.Online eating shows should be banned. B.New laws should be made to avoid food waste.
C.Measures are being taken to stop food waste. D.We should share photos or videos of empty plates.
七、
Eleven-year-old Allan Baltz of Jonesboro, Arkansas, is familiar with the foster （领养）care system. When he and his twin sister Alice were only four, they came to live with their foster parents Derek and Lesli Baltz.
Last fall when Allan got an opportunity to pay it forward, he made it count.
During the height of the 2021 shutdown, to keep their kids entertained at home, the family decided to switch up their hairstyles. Lesli dyed her hair red and Alice went blue. Derek tried out a mustache, and Allan went the craziest by growing out a long, beautiful mullet（胭脂鱼发型）.
When friends pushed Allan to enter the USA Mullet Championships competition, Allan initially wasn't interested because he thought he couldn't win. However, once he learned there was a cash prize, he changed his tune.
"He instantly was like 'Oh, OK.I can do it, and we'll give the money to kids in foster care' " Lesli said. "He didn't hesitate. He didn't say，'I can get a bike, then give some money away.' It was just instant that he wanted to give it away."
After submitting his photo and following up with several weeks of campaigning, Allan took home the top prize in the kid's division with more than 25,000 votes in his favor.
He split his winnings between two local foster care organizations, Together We Foster and Project Zero, but his impact went far beyond just the $2,500 he donated. His giving heart inspired others to do the same, and he ended up raising an additional $4,500 for the two organizations.
"People also started volunteering...and donating，"Lesli said. "A few people that we know decided to start fostering because of Allan's story. The way that people hear it and it inspires them to do something about the foster care crisis is really incredible." Lesli said she couldn't be prouder of Allan's heart for helping others and feels truly lucky to be his mom.
1.What do the underlined words "pay it forward" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Spend plenty of money. B.Pass on love to others.
C.Pay for goods in advance. D.Win great popularity.
2.Why did Allan grow a mullet？
A.It was really a good way to have fun. B.It was an extremely popular hairstyle.
C.It was required for the competition. D.It was the craziest thing he'd ever done.
3.Which of the following words would be used to describe Allan？
A.Talented and decisive. B.Selfless and open-minded.
C.Generous and kind-hearted. D.Sensitive and sociable.
4.What was the influence of Allan's donation of prize money？
A.It led to the donation totaling $4,500 in the end.
B.It inspired more people to get involved in foster care.
C.He helped to successfully solve foster care crisis.
D.He luckily won true love and admiration of Lesli.
八、
Time spent alone during the pandemicled to positive effects on well-being across all ages, new research has found.
The study of more than 2,000 teenagers and adults found that most people experienced benefits from solitude during the early days of the global Covid-19 pandemic. All age groups experienced positive as well as negative effects of being alone. However, the researchers found that descriptions of solitude included more positive effects than negative. On average, well-being scores when participants were alone were 5 out of 7 across all ages, including adolescents aged 13—16.
Some study participants talked about worsening mood or well-being, but most described their experiences of solitude in terms of feeling skilled and feeling self-reliant. 43% of all respondents mentioned that solitude involved activities and experiences of spending time on skills-building and activities, and that was consistent across all ages. Meanwhile, self-connection and reliance on self was a major feature particularly for adults, who mentioned it twice as often as teenage participants.
Dr Netta Weinstein, Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Reading said, “The conventional wisdom is that adolescents on the whole found that the pandemic was a negative experience, but we see in our study how components of solitude can be positive. Over those first few months of the pandemic here in the UK, we see that working adults were actually the most likely to mention aspects of worsening well-being and mood, but even those are not as commonly mentioned as more positive experiences of solitude.”
The researchers noted that the findings were taken from one phase of the Covid-19 pandemic during the summer of 2020, and recommended that follow-up data looks at experiences of solitude during challenging periods such as this one, and also more commonplace periods where daily solitude may look and feel different.
1.What did participants think of solitude
A.It was time consuming. B.It involved too much activities.
C.It mostly decreased well-being. D.It made them more independent.
2.What information is mainly conveyed in paragraph 4
A.Solitude is still beneficial to life despite some negative aspects.
B.The pandemic led to negative experiences on the whole.
C.The working adults complained of the decreasing well-being.
D. Adolescents in the study always disliked staying alone.
3.What do the researchers expect of the following-up study
A.It’ll be different. B.It’ll be challenging.
C.It’ll get more periods involved. D.It’ll focus on data on the pandemic.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Joys of Solitude B.More Solitude, Better Welling-being
C.Welling-being across All Ages D.More Staying Alone, Less Enjoyment
九、
Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.
Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown. According to Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world."
The number of humans living in urban areas or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms. Sullivan says, "In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture." Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.
In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn't a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.
Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants. And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals.
1.Which of the following is Ms. Sullivan's opinion according to the text
A.Urban agriculture can provide huge income.
B.Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities.
C.The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly.
D.Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely.
2.What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Farmers. B.City residents.
C.Rural residents. D.Companies.
3.What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text
A.It has large farming areas. B.It can only grow a single product.
C.It produces enough food for citizens. D.It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables.
4.What may be the best title for the text
A.Farms in Cities B.Future Food System
C.Food Grown in Cities D.Agriculture of New York City
十、
Mothers who angrily tell off their children when they step out of line may be making behavior problems worse, according to a study. The study by the London School of Economics (LSE) found that too much shouting and giving severe punishments were producing an opposite result. Ignoring naughty children also appeared to lead to a decrease in discipline standards.
Researchers said that "reasoning with children" was more likely to have a positive impact on their behavior at a young age. But the study warned that it was difficult to determine a direct link between one parenting style and its outcomes because of the effect of other causes.
The latest study was based on an analysis of almost 19,000 children. Data was collected from parents just before their children's first birthdays, and then when they turned three, five and seven. The study, led by Dr Laure De Preux, assessed the impact of various parenting styles on children.
Researchers said, "Particularly excessive(过度的)shouting, punishing or ignoring a naughty child increases his behavior problems, and only reasoning doesn't negatively impact the child's behavior." But the study also showed that a large number of other things such as economic conditions also impacted on children's development. The result suggested that wealthier families were able to create a whole environment that clearly benefited the child beyond simple effect of parenting. It said children in poor households in particular were affected by their mother's parenting styles. "In this group, behavior problems are reduced when mothers read to the naughty children, and increased when mothers shout at them, take treats away, or ignore them," it said.
It is the latest in a line of recent studies to assess the link between parenting and children's behavior. Two years ago, a report commissioned(委托)by the Department for Education found that severe and inconsistent discipline in the home was bringing up a generation of young children with anger management problems, poor attention and low levels of learning ability.
1.The underlined part "step out of line" in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A.lose confidence B.behave badly C.become excited D.achieve success
2.Which may help solve children's behavior problems
A.Punishing them lightly. B.Talking with them reasonably.
C.Ignoring them once in a while. D.Exercising strict discipline over them.
3.What did the research focus on
A.How mothers looked at their parenting role.
B.Why many children had behavior problems.
C.How parenting styles affected children's development.
D.Why parents gave their children severe punishments.
4.What do we learn about the report in the last paragraph
A.Its findings go against those of the LSE's study.
B.Its subject is similar to that of the LSE's study.
C.It shows the benefits of strict discipline.
D.It has discovered new problems of children
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-4 BAAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段的But here are two things that might surprise you: First, even though they're quite clearly being used by thousands of people, because of the way the law is written, e-scooters cannot use the pavements and cycle lanes, because they have a motor. But they can't use the roads as motor vehicles because they are not properly licensed or taxed.(但有两件事可能会让你感到惊讶：第一，尽管成千上万的人都在使用电动滑板车，但由于法律的规定，电动滑板车不能使用人行道和自行车道，因为它们有一个发动机。但他们也不能将这些道路用作机动车，因为它们没有适当的许可证或纳税。）可知，电动滑板车不能在任何地方合法便用可能会出乎我们的预料。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段的They could even help ease Britain's ongoing housing crisis. Because e-scooters could expand the distance in which it is reasonable to commute, making more housing accessible to the people who need it.(他们甚至可以帮助缓解英国持续的住房危机。因为电动滑板车可以扩大通勤的合理距离，让需要它的人可以获得更多的住房。）可知，电动滑板车对英国的住房危机有积极的影响，因为更多的人可以接受更多的房子。故选A。3.词义猜测题。根据第四段的I also think if privately owned scooters were allowed, it would also incentivize good behavior, as scooter owners rather than renters would be more likely to, for example, own a helmet and take good care of their own equipment.（我还认为，如果允许私人拥有的踏板车，这也会激励良好的行为，例如，踏板车车主而不是租车人更有可能拥有头盔并妥善保管自己的设备。）可知，“incentivize”意为“鼓励”。A.Encourage鼓励；B.Maintain保持；C.Restrict限制；D.Praise表扬。故选A。4.观点态度题。观点态度题。根据最后一段的At the end of last year, the government scooted the question of legalization into the long grass, announcing that instead of making a decision, the regional trials would be extended until November.(去年年底， 政府推后将电动滑板车合法化问题，宣布地区审判将延长到11月，而不是做出决定。）可知，政府对电动滑板车合法化的态度是谨慎的。A.Favorable支持的；B.Cautious谨慎的；C.Opposed反对的；D.Indifferent不以为然的。故选B。
二、
答案：1-4 CDCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage.(然而, 西方人对传统中医的理解可能仅限于针刺疗法、拔火罐和按摩。)可知, 举菲尔普斯的例子就是为了证明西方人对传统中医的了解甚少。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 WHO members have approved the practice of acupuncture, not many recognise the Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.可知, 有一些世界卫生组织成员国不承认中药是因为用中草药制成的药物研制缓慢。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Compared with Western medicine, which has s standardised drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardisation, with the chemical compositions and functions of is medicine being unclear and their effects being unstable.可知, 与西医相比, 中医缺乏标准化。故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past.可知, 中医缺乏创造性指的是中医的处方是从过去传承下来的。故选B。
三、
答案：1-4 DBCA
解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第二段While some of us may try to escape these people , according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole , this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone.根据婚姻治疗师Carolyn Cole的说法，虽然我们中的一些人可能试图逃离这些人，但这种形式的过度分享可能来自与某人建立联系的强烈愿望。可知，有些人在聚会上过度分享，是因为他们可能期望与某人建立联系，故选D.2.词义猜测题。根据第三段"the less sympathy we express when things go wrong"以及"It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing , is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be. "通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的，所以人们暴露给他人的细节越多，越不容易得到同情。画线词意思为"暴露"。A.explore探索；B.expose暴露；C.display显示；D.discuss讨论，故选B.3.细节理解题。根据第三段It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing , is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的，而不是被认为是在求助。可知，当我们通过过度分享来寻求同情时，可能会被认为是消极的，故选C.4.目的意图题。根据第一段With new fashion trending all the time , such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress , the question is : when can sharing become oversharing on social media 随着新时尚的不断流行，比如舞蹈挑战和穿枕头当裙子，问题是中：什么时候在社交媒体上分享会变成过度分享？结合文章主要说明了如今社交媒体上的"过度分享"现象，有人指出有些人在聚会上过度分享，是因为他们可能期望与某人建立联系。但是通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的。早在2015年，Gwendolyn Seidman博士就说过，我们应该避免在网上抱怨和消极，也不应该炫耀，尤其是我们的爱情生活。可推知，这篇文章的目的是告知有关"过度分享"的信息。A.To inform为了告知；B.To inspire为了鼓舞；C.To advertise为了做广告；D.To condemn为了诅咒，故选A.
四、
答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.主旨大意题。第一段首句提出的研究结论A new international study published...their downfall.表明动物受欢迎实际上可能是它们衰败的原因之一, 第二三四段具体说明原因, 由此可知本文主要讲述了动物在生活中受欢迎会使它们的数量减少, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由题干中的Courchamp可定位至第四段中的He suggested in the paper that companies...for protection of the animals., 由此可知库尔尚认为公司可以提供信息以及部分利润, 以保护濒危动物, 即公司应该拿出一些收入来保护动物, 故选B项。
3.推理判断题。由题干中的"Sophie the giraffe" baby toys可定位至倒数第二段中的while in France some 800,000 "Sophie the giraffe" baby toys were sold last year—more than eight times the number of giraffes living in Africa, 由此可知婴儿玩具"长颈鹿索菲"在法国的销量为80万件左右, 是真正生活在非洲的长颈鹿的数量的八倍, 二者数量悬殊, 作者提到"Sophie the giraffe" baby toys是为了显示动物玩具的数量和动物的真实数量之间的差别, 故选C项。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 如果我们不共同努力拯救这些动物, 那这可能很快就会成为人们看到它们的唯一途径。结合上文中提及的The appearance of these beloved animals in stores, in movies, on television, and on a variety of products可知, 动物会出现在商店里、电影里、电视里和各种各样的产品中, 这是人们看动物的途径, 由此可推知, that指"动物形象在媒体中的出现", 故选D项。
五、
答案：1-4 DBAC
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段最后一句“This term is called“zoom fatigue”,and it's related to overusing virtual communication platforms.（这个术语被称为“变焦疲劳”，它与过度使用虚拟通信平台有关）”可知，“zoom fatigue”过渡使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。故选D。2.推理判断题。 结合第四段面对面交谈的阐述及第五段中“you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.(你就像站在舞台上，因此带来了社会压力—一种你需要表演的感觉)”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。故选B。3.推理判断题。 根据第六段最后“We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn't creased.(我们可能会确保我们的头处于正确的角度，并且我们的衬衫没有褶皱”可知，人们关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。故选A。4.主旨大意题。 根据第三段最后一句“But what we haven't expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.(但我们没有预料到的是，我们需要为这种便利付出代价）”并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。故选C。
六、
答案：1-4 BADC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的On 12 Aug, CCTV exposed several Chinese hosts who were pretending to eat large amounts of food while on camera, but actually later threw it away.可知, 在8月12日, 央视曝光了中国的几位主播在镜头前假装吃大量食物但后来却把食物扔掉的行为。由此可推出央视对吃播中的食物浪费行为持批评的态度。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段To discourage this practice, many video and live streaming platforms, including TikTok, Kuaishou and Bilibili, have removed videos that show food waste, and have promoted the message to "stop food waste and eat reasonably".可知, 为了阻止虚假吃播、浪费粮食的行为, 多家视频和直播平台已经删除了表现出浪费食物的视频, 并提倡"停止食物浪费, 合理饮食"。由此可推知, 大多数视频媒体正在为阻止食物浪费做出贡献。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的In Shanxi Province, local restaurants have been asked to serve half-portions to avoid waste.可知, 在山西省, 餐厅被要求提供半份菜服务来避免浪费。由此可知, 为了避免浪费, 我们可以要求餐厅给我们半份菜。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了吃播中存在食物浪费的现象, 近日视频和直播平台纷纷表态, 相关的立法工作也在积极开展, 全国各地也积极响应号召, 杜绝"舌尖上的浪费", 故选C项。
七、
答案：1-4 BACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"When he and his twin sister Alice were only four, they came to live with their foster parents Derek and Lesli Baltz.当他和他的双胞胎妹妹Alice只有四岁的时候，他们来到他们的养父母Derek and Lesli Baltz家，和他们住在一起"可知，Allan被养父母收养；根据最后一段" 'People also started volunteering, and donating, ' Lesli said. 'A few people that we know decided to start fostering because of Allan's story. '人们也开始参加志愿者活动，捐款'，Lesli说。'我们认识的一些人，因为Allan的故事决定开始收养。人们听到这个故事，并受到启发，为寄养危机做些事情，这真是难以置信。' "可知，Allan的行为激励其他人参与到寄养慈善活动中来，是爱得到传递。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话"During the height of the 2021 shutdown, to keep their kids entertained at home, the family decided to switch up their hairstyles.在2021年政府停摆期间，为了让孩子们在家里玩耍，这家人决定改变他们的发型。"可知，Allan梳一头长长的漂亮的胭脂鱼发型是为了娱乐。故选A。3.细节理解题。 根据第五段第二句话"His giving heart inspired others to do the same, and he ended up raising an additional $4,500 for the two organizations.他的奉献精神激励其他人也这样做，最后他又额外为两家组织筹到了4500美元。"和最后一段最后一句"Lesli said she couldn't be prouder of Allan's heart for helping others and feels truly lucky to be his mom Lesli说Allan乐于助人，她感到无比骄傲，能成为他的妈妈感到非常幸运"可知，Allan非常慷慨且心地善良。故选C.4.细节理解题。 根据第五段"He split his winnings between two local foster care organizations, Together We Foster and Project Zero, but his impact went far beyond just the $ 2,500 he donated. His giving heart inspired others to do the same, and he ended up raising an additional $4,500 for the two organizations.他把奖金分给了两个当地的寄养机构，Together We Foster和Project Zero,但是他的影响远远超过他捐赠的2500美元，他的奉献精神激励其他人也这样做，最后他又额外为两家组织筹到了4500美元。"可知，Allan捐钱的影响远远超过他捐赠的2500美元，他的奉献精神激励其他人也这样做，便得更多的人参与到寄养慈善活动中来。故选B。
八、
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some study participants talked about worsening mood or well-being, but most described their experiences of solitude in terms of feeling skilled and feeling self-reliant.(一些研究参与者谈到了恶化的情绪或“幸福感”,但大多数人在描述他们的孤独经历时,都提到了技能和自力更生的感觉)”可知,参与者认为孤独使他们更独立。故选D。
2.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Dr Netta Weinstein, Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Reading said, “The conventional wisdom is that adolescents on the whole found that the pandemic was a negative experience, but we see in our study how components of solitude can be positive. Over those first few months of the pandemic here in the UK, we see that working adults were actually the most likely to mention aspects of worsening well-being and mood, but even those are not as commonly mentioned as more positive experiences of solitude.”(雷丁大学心理学副教授Netta Weinstein博士说:“传统观点认为,青少年总体上发现这种流行病是一种消极的经历,但我们在研究中看到,独处的成分可以是积极的。在英国大流行的最初几个月里,我们看到,工作的成年人实际上最有可能提到幸福感和情绪恶化的方面,但即使是这些方面,也不像更积极的孤独体验那样经常被提及。”)”可知,第4段主要传达的信息是尽管有一些消极的方面,独处对生活仍然是有益的。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers noted that the findings were taken from one phase of the Covid-19 pandemic during the summer of 2020, and recommended that follow-up data looks at experiences of solitude during challenging periods such as this one, and also more commonplace periods where daily solitude may look and feel different.(研究人员指出,这些发现来自2020年夏季新冠大流行的一个阶段,并建议后续数据应关注像这次这样具有挑战性的时期的独处经历,以及日常独处可能看起来和感觉不同的更常见的时期)”可知,后续研究会涉及更多的时期。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Time spent alone during the pandemic led to positive effects on well-being across all ages, new research has found.(新研究发现,大流行期间独处的时间对所有年龄段的人的幸福感都产生了积极影响)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的情况以及独处对人们的积极影响。故B选项“更多的独处,更好的幸福”最符合文章标题。故选B。
九、
答案：1-4 BBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。由题干中的Ms. Sullivan可定位至第二段最后一句According to Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.", 由此可知, 沙利文女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句The number of humans living in urban...The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.可知, 城市居民的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事种植活动的人的数量也在增长, 由此可推知, 在小花园里、屋顶上和室内种植瓜果和饲养动物的人指的是"城市居民", 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.可知, 布鲁克林农庄在纽约利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了城市居民充分利用各种有限的空间种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物的事情, 说明都市农场在世界各大城市日益流行, 故选A项。
十、
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的behavior problems以及下一句The study by the London School of Economics (LSE) found that too much shouting and giving severe punishments were producing an opposite result.伦敦经济学院(LSE)的这项研究发现,过多的喊叫和严厉的惩罚会产生相反的结果。可知,"step out of line"指"表现不好"。结合选项:A.lose confidence失去信心;B.behave badly表现不好;C.become excited兴奋起来;D.achieve success取得成功。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Researchers said that "reasoning with children" was more likely to have a positive impact on their behavior at a young age.研究人员称,"和孩子讲道理"更有可能对他们的行为产生积极的影响。可知,跟孩子讲道理有助于解决他们的行为问题。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The study,led by Dr Laure De Preux,assessed the impact of various parenting styles on children .这项由洛尔 德 普莱克斯博士领导的研究评估了不同的养育方式对孩子的影响。可知,伦敦经济学校的研究关注的是父母教育方式对儿童发展的影响。故选C。
4.推理判断题。由最后一段 Two years ago,a report commissioned (委托) by the Department for Education found that severe and inconsistent discipline in the home was bringing up a generation of young children with anger management problems,poor attention and low levels of learning ability.两年前,英国教育部(Department for Education)委托撰写的一份报告发现,家庭严厉而不一致的纪律,导致了一代年幼的孩子在愤怒管理方面存在问题,注意力不集中,学习能力低下。可知,英国教育部委托的研究报告与伦敦经济学校的研究有着相近的主题。故选B。

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