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2023届高考英语阅读理解复习：科技类阅读（含解析）
一、
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫)of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡63,000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian(斑点狗)clone will be different, for example,”Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
1.What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer
A.Making copies of pet dogs. B.Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C.Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. D.Helping dog owners love their dogs more.
2.Which order is correct in the dog cloning process
a. An egg is taken from another dog.
b. A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c. The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d. The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e. The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A.a→d→b→e→c B.a→e→b→d→c
C.b→a→d→e→c D.b→a→e→d→c
3.What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage
A.It has not been put into practice until recently.
B.It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
C.It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D.It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
4.What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning
A.He disagrees with it. B.He supports it.
C.He is curious about it. D.He thinks it unbelievable.
二、
A new device, an anti-solar panel( 板), can harvest energy from the cold night sky.
The center of the new night light is a thermoelectric generator(热电发电机). The sky-facing side of the generator is attached to an aluminum plate sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with materials that can keep heat out. This plate stays cooler than the surrounding air by giving off heat it absorbs.
Meanwhile, the bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate that is continually warmed by surrounding air. At night, when not baking under the sun, the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator. When one side of the generator is cooler than the other, it produces electricity.
Engineer Wei Li of Stanford University and colleagues tested a 20-centimeter prototype(雏形) of the device on a clear December night in Stanford. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of the device — enough to light a small LED or light bulb. The team believes that further design improvements could increase production up to at least 0. 5 watts per square meter. The power production is much less than solar panels, but enough for emergency backup power. A typical light bulb might consume a few watts of electricity, says Shanhui Fan, an electrical engineer at Stanford University who worked on the device. So a device that took up a few square meters of roof space could light up a room with energy from the night sky.
Aaswath Raman, a materials scientist and engineer at UCLA, also imagines using their team's generator to help power remote weather stations. This may be especially useful in polar(极地的) regions that don’t see sunlight for months, Raman says. "If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness, this might be a way."
1.Why is the upper side of the generator cooler than the surrounding air
A.It has cool metal. B.It sends out heat.
C.It takes in no heat. D.It absorbs surrounding air.
2.How does the new device produce electricity
A.By cooling air around it. B.By making a transparent cover.
C.By using temperature difference. D.By being exposed to the sunlight.
3.What can we learn about the generator
A.It occupies much space to set up. B.It's of great use in sunless areas.
C.It's widely used around the world. D.It equals solar panels in power production.
4.What is the engineers’ attitude to the future of the device
A.Hopeful. B.Cautious. C.Uncertain. D.Objective.
三、
There are already a range of wearable sensors that can provide continuous data about aspects of the wearer's body, such as his heart rate, temperature and blood sugar concentration. These devices are available to health-conscious consumers, but their main application is in the field of medicine, as they allow doctors to closely monitor patients' sensitive biological states. Most sensors fit onto the surface of the skin, but newer designs can actually be implanted beneath it. Shaped like a thin thread, these implantable sensors can be put into muscle tissue, using the same straightforward techniques doctors already use to stitch up(缝合) open wounds. The thread-like sensors are also highly flexible, meaning they bend with the patient's movement, instead of limiting it, and can't be forced out of the position where it is fixed.
Some sensors are coated in an electrically conductive material. The flow of electricity along the thread rises or falls depending on various factors. For example, physical pressure can cause the flow of electricity to become controlled. A low power reading therefore can suggest that too much pressure is being placed on the part of the body where the sensor is located. This can be vital in protecting victims of recent skin and tissue damage. The patient can be warned about the instant some movement or posture risks of tearing the tender new tissue growing over a wound that has yet to heal fully.
Other threads can remove fluid samples into containers outside the body, so that these samples can be used for biochemical pared to traditional methods of collecting fluid samples, not only is this new technique much more effective, but it also involves more convenience for the new doctors, not to mention less discomfort for the patient.
1.What's the characteristic of the new sensors is mentioned in the first paragraph
A.They can be positioned inside a patient's body.
B.They are generally used to repair open wounds.
C.They are appealing to consumers as well as doctors.
D.They can be used by ordinary people without a doctor.
2.What happens if a patient is in danger of damaging a part of his or her body
A.The sensor is moved out of the position. B.The sensor's power reading increases.
C.Less electricity flows through the sensor. D.Movement in that area is limited by the sensor.
3.Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word "tender" in Paragraph 2
A.Medical. B.Delicate. C.Damaged. D.Tough.
4.How do the new sensors assist in biochemical analysis
A.By measuring a person's blood pressure. B.By introducing key chemicals into the body.
C.By performing chemical tests inside the body. D.By removing small amounts of fluid for testing.
四、
Good health care depends on access to good information, which our digital devices easily provide. Digital health could be the next big development in how we approach health care.
Digital health might sound like it's intended to keep your digital devices healthy. Instead, it is a term that describes the system of connected devices that can monitor and report important health information.
To really appreciate digital health's potential, you need only look at how digital devices have already changed your lives. Take travelling as an example. Before smartphones, online translators, GPS and the Internet, travel in unfamiliar areas was difficult. You either had to use a map, find a guide, or constantly asked people to help you get from one place to another. Now, all the information you need can be carried with you in your pocket.
The most useful aspect of digital health is the ability to constantly and accurately monitor vital information. The information is then accessible through the Internet, so your doctor has a wealth of data about your daily health. Your doctor can then use that information to make changes to your treatment at any time!
No one would suggest that you should stop seeing your doctor altogether. However, the ability for you and your doctor to constantly monitor your health is a big benefit, it makes it possible to have useful consultations with your doctor online. And reducing the number of office visits could make the entire process more efficient.
Advances in digital health, however, also bring some significant privacy concerns, information regarding your health is particularly sensitive. Patient data could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, safeguarding your information from unauthorized （未经授权的）access might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
1. Why is travelling mentioned in the third paragraph
A. To show us the importance of digital health.
B. To persuade us of the prospects of digital health.
C. To help us understand the term digital health better.
D. To explain to us the development of digital devices.
2. Which of the following details is not mentioned in the passage
A. The meaning of digital health.
B. The advantages and disadvantages of digital health.
C. The reason why you shouldn't stop seeing your doctor.
D. Improved efficiency of consultations with your doctor online.
3. What is one concern about digital health
A. The danger that personal health data could be stolen.
B. Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry.
C. Worries about the side effect caused by digital devices.
D. Government regulations limiting sensitive information online.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. Health conditions that need urgent attention.
B. The current state of health care training.
C. A technological trend in health care.
D. Rising pressure on health care.
五、
LONDON-A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them.
The device would identify users through an anal(肛门)scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype(原型).
"We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique," said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. "The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that's typically ignored," Gambhir said. "Everyone uses the bathroom — there's really no avoiding it-and that enhances its value as a disease-detecting device."
A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their waste for signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300-person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be "somewhat" or "very" comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud-based system.
Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. "Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone," said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London-based charity Privacy International. "Linking it to someone's biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed."
1.What does this smart toilet use to detect disease
A.A smartwatch. B.A seat.
C.A cloud-based system. D.A camera
2.What can we know about the disease-detecting devices
A.They are widely accepted.
B.Gamhhir has confidence in their future.
C.Their function has been improved recently.
D.Signs of illness can he removed through them.
3.What can we infer about health data from the last paragraph
A.It needn't be taken seriously. B.It will be treated properly.
C.It may not be shared publicly. D.It can be exposed illegally.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.The use of a smart toilet B.The value of a smart toilet
C.A smart toilet without privacy D.A smart toilet with good intention
六、
The head of the Virgin Hyperloop(超级高铁)transport system says the company aims to begin carrying passengers by 2027.
The Virgin Hyperloop system is based on a technology called magnetic levitation(磁悬浮).It uses magnetic fields to lift a vehicle off the ground a little and to push it forward.
Some high-speed trains also use this technology. But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to operate within tubes containing very little air. Electric force moves vehicles, called pods, through the tubes at high speeds. The system offers nearly silent travel and reportedly releases no carbon emissions.
The system's pods are designed to move at much higher speeds, up to 1,200 kilometers per hour. It says such a vehicle could complete a trip between New York and Washington, D. C.in 30 minutes. That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-speed train.
The pods will seat 28 passengers and could be specially designed to travel long or short distances, or to carry goods, the company said.
While the system is still in early development, it is predicted that commercial operations could start as early as 2027. Virgin Hyperloop is looking to first develop passenger systems in India, where the transport system is overcrowded, and in Saudi Arabia, which lacks infrastructure(基础设施).
It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains and airplanes did before. "It starts of with two people riding a Hyperloop. It ends with hundreds of millions of people riding on a Hyperloop and that's what the 2020s-the roaring 2020s-will be，"he added.
Virgin Hyperloop has partners that include Virgin Croup founder Richard Branson and the port operations company DP World, which is owned by the Dubai government.
1.What's the difference between a Hyperloop and a high-speed train
A.A Hyperloop runs in a space with little air.
B.A high-speed train travels at a higher speed.
C.A Hyperloop uses magnetic levitation technique.
D.A high-speed train is more environment-friendly.
2.What advantage of a Hyperloop does the author mention in paragraph 4
A.Its size. B.Its speed. C.Its safety. D.Its service.
3.What does the author think of the Hyperloop system
A.It will take a long time to improve.
B.It will replace the traditional vehicles.
C.It will be a milestone for transportation.
D.It is only suitable for countries with heavy traffic.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.A Clean Form of Transportation Is on the Horizon
B.Traditional Transportation Will Face Great Challenges
C.High Technology Brings Great Convenience to Travel
D.The Hyperloop Plans to Start Carrying Passengers by 2027
七、
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage(绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial(细菌的) infection it's protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive(DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics(抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant(DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It's easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn't have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What's more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what's happening with the infection, if there's an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We've been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science—like the nanofibre mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there's the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it's protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what's going on too.
1.What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do
A.Avoid the use of antibiotics. B.Clear out harmful bacteria.
C.Detect bacterial infections. D.Increase treatment options.
2.What is the advantage of the smart bandage
A.It saves much time and cost. B.It removes the risk of infection.
C.It prevents the bacterial resistance. D.It improves doctor-patient relationship.
3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Traditional bandages are out of use now. B.More smart bandages will be developed.
C.Progress in science calls for more research. D.People are urged to study medical science.
4.What does the text focus on
A.A successful test on mice. B.A colour-changing bandage.
C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
八、
When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception(感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate(编造) an alternative.
What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.
The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7,500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere.
"Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions," says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression(抑制)or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful," explains Ziano.
Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.1. What can we infer from the first paragraph A. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.B. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.C. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.D. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.2. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research A. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.B. By examining thousands of people in various situations.C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.D. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.3. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4 A. Listeners should ignore the pauses.B. A real criminal could escape quietly.C. The responder may be judged wrongly.D. The response delay affects people's preference.4. What can be a suitable title for the text A. A Slower Response Makes You Seem InsincereB. New Evidence of Being Dishonest Is FoundC. Think Carefully Before You AnswerD. Action Speaks Louder Than Words
九、
A robot designed to carry things moves quickly across a field to gather equipment at a sports event. Such equipment, like javelins and discuses(铁饼), has been thrown by competitors. Another robot moves a human-sized screen on wheels. It is designed to permit virtual attendance at the event. And then there are the robots designed to look like the smiling, friendly creatures or mascots that act as the Olympic Games' representatives.
All these robots are part of preparations for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. Japanese carmaker Toyota Motor Corporation presented the machines to reporters earlier this week. Toyota is a major supporter of the 2020 Olympic Games.
The mascot robots have moving arms and legs, and their eyes change to the image of stars and hearts. They cannot speak at all or walk very well. But Tomohisa Moridaira, lead engineer, suggested several possibilities, such as getting the robot to hold the Olympic torch using magnets.
The "field support robot" is a small bus-shaped machine based on a Toyota ridesharing vehicle that is still in development. The field support robot can travel as fast as 20 kilometers per hour. It holds three cameras and one special sensor that lets it "see" its surroundings. Around the top of its body are special lights that brighten when the vehicle is active. Its artificial intelligence helps it avoid barriers. It is also able to vary its path in order to protect areas of grass.
However, it cannot find the objects, which can weigh up to eight kilograms, or pick them up on its own. A person has to travel with the device, pick up the objects and put them in it. Then, with a press of a button, the vehicle transports the equipment to where it needs to go.
Takeshi Kuwabara took charge of the robots' development. He said it was designed to team robots and humans. "Our aim was to leverage the strengths of both humans and robots," he said.
The carmaker plans to use the games to present its new vehicle technologies. These include buses fueled by a special kind of battery, and self-driving taxis. Toyota is competing with other carmakers and technology companies to develop low cost, robot-controlled cars and electric vehicles.
1.Why does the author mention robots in the first paragraph
A.To attract our interest in robot technology.
B.To show us new robot technology in the 21st century.
C.To encourage creation of new robots.
D.To introduce the robots in the Olympic Games.
2.What is the feature of the "field support robot"
A.It can work individually in the field. B.It can sense barriers and change its way.
C.It is a Toyota ride-sharing vehicle. D.It can find and pick up anything.
3.What is the purpose of the carmaker to use many robots in the Olympic Games
A.To show its new vehicle technologies. B.To help save the natural resources.
C.To cut down the cost of the service. D.To free people from heavy work.
4.What can be the best title of the passage
A.Robot Shows in the 2020 Olympics B.Toyota's Support for the 2020 Olympics
C.Robot Assistants in the 2020 Olympics D.Robot Competition in the 2020 Olympics
十、
Educational products are important to the toy industry. In recent years, parents have shown an interest in STEM related toys-ones that help teach Science. Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
But now, toymakers are working to create products for improving a child's emotional intelligence These toys reportedly not only help raise intelligence in children, but also their emotional quotient, or EQ. Intelligence includes intrapersonal skills—processing information within one's mind-and interpersonal skills, or dealing with other people. Some toys have been made with the purpose of having a child act as a teacher or guide to a companion character.
There is an educational robot called Woobo. If you ask the hairy green robot, "Hi. what's your name " With a childlike voice, the toy will answer, "Are you trying to trick me My name is Woobo. "The robot comes programmed with educational games and activities. Children use its touch screen face to get them started. Toys that work as companions also aid in social development. Woobo can help a child who has autism spectrum disorder(自闭症谱系障碍). The child can communicate with Woobo and he can follow some of the instructions Woobo is giving because he thinks of this as a companion instead of a parent or someone else telling him to do certain things.
A more low-tech companion is a toy animal called Manimo. The manufacturer says this toy can help reduce hyperactivity in children and improve their ability to pay attention to a subject. Whether it's a snake, dolphin or other animal, Manimos can be placed across a child's arm, chest or neck.
The manufacturer explained that adding deep pressure to the body can help calm a child before bedtime. "The purpose of all of our products is to develop emotional and social intelligence, "he said.
It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional intelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded(多才多艺的)children.
1.According to the passage, STEM-related toys are helpful in ______________.
A.raising a child's intelligence
B.making a child become a teacher
C.increasing a child's interest in Science
D.developing a child's ability to process information
2.What can educational robots be used to
A.Work as a companion to teach a child to be well rounded.
B.Play tricks on the children and make them happy.
C.Help a child overcome his behavioral problems.
D.Work as a parent to look after a child at home.
3.What does the underlined word "hyperactivity" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.The desire to play with toys.
B.The chance to get a companion.
C.The potential for keeping calm.
D.The difficulty in staying focused.
4.What can we know from the passage
A.The function of an educational robot needs to be proved.
B.Toymakers are doing great business to meet parents' demand.
C.Many types of toy robots have been invented to help children grow.
D.With the help of toy robots, children can develop all kinds of skill.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题.根据文章第二段The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers可知,这个组织提供克隆狗的服务,并且已经成功克隆了至少400只狗.故选A项.
2.细节理解题.根据文章第三段可知,克隆狗的过程为:(1)狗去世时提取它的皮肤细胞;(2)选择另一只狗来提供卵子;(3)用皮肤细胞中的DNA替换卵细胞中的DNA;(4)在一只母狗的子宫内放入卵细胞;(5)两个月后卵子发育为一只小狗.因此正确顺序为:badce.故选D项.
3.推理判断题.根据文章第五段的However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one.可知,克隆的狗可能不是主人原来的那只狗.故选C.
4.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段可知,柯克伍德指出,在人与宠物之间的关系中,最重要的一方面就是处理好它们离去所带来的痛苦.最后一段第一句也提到,也许用克隆的方式把宠物留在身边不是纪念它们的最好方法.由此可推测,柯克伍德是反对克隆狗的.故选A项.
二、
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第—段中的"This plate stays cooler than the surrounding air by giving off heat it absorbs"可知,发电机面向天空的一面比周围的空气温度低,因为它能把吸收的热量发散出去。故选B项。
2.考查推理判断。第二段介绍了发电机面向天空的一面比周围的空气温度低,第三段介绍了发电机的底部持续被加热,夜晚,发电机的上面比下面低好几度。再结合第三段最后—句"When one side of the generator is cooler than the other, it produces electricity"可知,当发电机的一面比另一面温度低时就会产生电力。由此可推知,该发电机是利用温差发电的。故选C项。
3.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"This may be especially useful in polar(极地的) regions that don’t see sunlight for months"可知,该发电机在数月都没有阳光的极地很有用,即它在缺乏阳光的地区用途很大。故选B项。
4.考查观点态度。根据第四、第五段的内容,尤其是" So a device that took up a few square meters of roof space could light up a room with energy from the night sky" "If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness, this might be a way" 可知,这些工程师们都认为该设备很实用,即对其前景充满希望。 故选A项。
三、
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.根据第一段中的"newer designs can...put into muscle tissue"可以推断, 第一段中提到的新型感应器可以放在病人体内, 故A项正确。
2.根据第二段中的"A low power...and tissue damage"可知, 电流读数低表明植入感应器的地方承受了太多的压力, 这对保护近期有皮肤或组织受损的人至关重要。据此可以推断, 如果身体受伤的话, 流经感应器的电流会减少, 故C项正确。
3.根据画线词后面的"new tissue growing over a wound that has yet to heal fully"和常识可知, 还未完全痊愈的伤口上长出的新组织应该会比较脆弱, 故B项"Delicate(脆弱的)"与画线词的意义相近。
4.根据最后一段中的"Other threads can...for biochemical analysis"可知, 新的感应器可以将液体样本移到体外的容器中用于生化分析, 故D项正确。
四、
答案：1-4 BCAC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段To really appreciate digital health's potential , you need only look at how digital devices have already changed your lives.（要真正了解数字健康的潜力，你只需要看看数字设备已经如何改变了你的生活。）接下来以旅行为例，证明了数字化技术大大便利了我们的出行，这也正是为了帮助我们接下来更好地理解数字健康给我们带来的好处。故选B.2.细节理解题。分别根据第二段Digital health... is a term that describes the system of connected devices that can monitor and report important health information.(数字健康是一个术语，描述了可以监控和报告重要健康信息的相关联的设备系统）第四段The most useful aspect of digital health is the ability to constantly and accurately monitor vital information (数字健康最有用的方面是能够持续和准确地监测重要信息）和第五段Advances in digital health，however , also bring some significant privacy concerns，……然而，数字健康的进步也带来了一些重 大的隐私问题……，以及第五段...it makes it possible to have useful consultations with your doctor online. And reducing the number of office visits could make the entire process more efficient.(它可以让你在网上与你的医生进行有用的咨询。减少拜访办公室的次数可以使整个过程更有效率）可知，选项A.The meaning of digital health（数字健康的意义）、选项B. The advantages and disadvantages of digital health.（数字健康的利与弊）和选项D. Improved efficiency of consultations with your doctor online...（提高与医生在线咨询的效率）均被提及，而文章并未提及你不应该不去看医生的原因，所以选项C符合题意，故选C.3.推理判断题。根据最后一段Advances in digital health , however , also bring some significant privacy concerns , information regarding your health is particularly sensitive.( 然而，数字健康的进步也带来了一些重大的隐私问题，尤为敏感的是与你的健康有关的信息）可知，人们关于数字健康所担忧的是个人健康数据可能被窃取的危险，故选A.4.主旨大意题。根据第一段Digital health could be the next big development in how we approach health care.（数字医疗可能是我们处理医疗保健的下一个重大发展）以及以下几段对于数字医疗的概念和利弊的介绍可知，本文主要围绕医疗保健的数字化技术趋势展开。故选C.
五、
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段 The device would identify users through an anal scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype. 可知,这款智能马桶使用相机检测疾病。故正确答案为D。
2.推理判断题。A项,它们被广泛接受。根据文章第一段 LONDON — A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them. 可知,但隐私保护者和潜在用户表示,这个想法让他们感到不舒服。A项错误。B项,Gambhir 对他们的未来充满信心。根据文章第四段第二句 Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. 可知,Gambhir 说,随着消费者接受智能手表和联网家庭设备等健康监控工具,这类设备可能会在家庭中变得普遍。由此推断,他对疾病检测设备的未来充满信心,B项正确。C项,它们的功能最近得到了改进。文章并未提及改进该类设备的内容,C项错误。D项,疾病的迹象可以通过它们来消除。根据文章第二段 The device would identify users through an anal scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype. 可知,该设备只能检测疾病现象,D项错误。故正确答案为B。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 "Linking it to someone's biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed." 可知,无论是通过数据共享还是使后门暴露的安全缺陷,将其与某人的生物特征ID相连接都有将个人隐私泄露给第三方的风险。由此推断,健康数据可能会被非法泄露,D项符合文意。A项“它应该被认真对待”,B项“它会得到妥善的处理”,C项“它可能不会被公开分享”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
4.主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一款智能马桶,它能够检测疾病。文章第一二段介绍了该马桶的功能和工作方式,第三四段介绍了 Gambhir 对该马桶的看法,最后一段介绍了隐私保护者对该马桶泄露隐私的担忧,因此D项“一款能检测疾病的智能马桶”符合文意。A项“一款智能马桶的使用”,B项“一款智能马桶的价值”,C项“一款没有隐私的智能马桶”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
六、
答案：1-4 ABCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段的“But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to operate within tubes containing very little air.”可知，与火车不同的是，超级高铁的设计是在含有很少空气的管道内运行的。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段的“That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-speed train.”可知，超级高铁将是喷气式飞机飞行速度的两倍，比高速列车快四倍。即第四段作者提到了超级高铁的速度优势。
3.推理判断题。根据第七段的“It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains and airplanes did before.”可知，它可能是100年来第一种给旅行带来革命性变化的交通工具，就像以前的汽车、火车和飞机一样。因此作者认为超级高铁系统将是交通运输的一个里程碑。
4.标题归纳题。通读全文且根据第一段“The head of the Virgin Hyperloop（超级高铁）transport system says the company aims to begin carrying passengers by 2027.”可知，文章讨论的话题是超级高铁系统。维珍超级高铁运输系统的负责人表示，该公司的目标是在2027年前开始载客。故选项D适合作文章标题。
七、
答案：1-4.CABB
解析：1.细节理解题。 Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage(绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial(细菌的) infection it's protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.(第一段第一句)译文:科学家们研制出了一种新型智能绷带,它可以像红绿灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染的类型,并能根据需要释放出相应的药物。该题问的是这种智能绷带主要的用途是什么。根据关键句可知,这种智能绷带主要用于检测细菌感染的情况。故选C。
2.推理判断题。①However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments.(第二段第二句)译文:然而,常用的感应电阻检测方法受时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。②It's easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitation.(第三段第一句)译文:这种智能绷带和光线可以突破这些限制是很容易的。该题问的是这种智能绷带的优势是什么。根据关键句可推知,这种智能绷带的优势在于它可以节省很多时间和成本。故选A。
3.推理判断题。Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what's going on too.(最后一段最后一句)译文:改进绷带的工作仍在继续,现在我们已经有了一种绷带。这种绷带不仅可以释放抗生素,还可以告诉病人到底发生了什么。该题问的是从最后两段可以推断出什么。根据关键句可推知,科学家将会研发出更多的智能绷带。故选B。
4.推理判断题。该题问的是本文的主题什么。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一种智能绷带,人们可根据它显示的不同颜色来判断细菌感染的程度。故选B。
八、
答案：1-4 DBCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，这种对不诚实的看法可能不是不太准确，实验室和现实生活中的大量研究表明，当人们不诚实的时候，他们的反应速度较慢，故选D。2. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions可知，研究人员通过在各种条件下调查成千上万的人进行研究，故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这对回应者来说是不公平的，例如一个犯罪嫌疑人，如果他反应延迟被错误地归因于思维抑制或捏造答案，而实际上是由另一个因素引起的，例如仅仅是分心或是想问题。在这样情形下，回答者或许被误判。故选C。4.主旨大意题。本文是一篇科学研究的说明文。研究者认为：在回答别人的提问时，你回答的速度的快慢反映了一个人的诚实程度。故选A。
九、
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"All these robots are part of preparations for the 2020 Olympic Gamesn Tokyo. Japan. Japanese carmaker Toyota Motor Corporation presented the machines to reportersearlier this week."所有这些机器人都是2020年东京奥运会筹备工作的一部分。日本·日本汽车制造商丰田汽车公司(Toyota Motor Corporation)本周早些时候向记者展示了这些机器.“可知,这些机器人是2020年奥运会筹备工作的一部分。因此作者在第一段中提到这些机器人是为了引出它们。故选D.
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Its artificial intelligence helps it avoid barriers. It is also able to vary its path in order to protect areas of grass."这种机器人的人工智能会帮助它躲避障碍物。它也能改变路线以保护草地。可知场地机器人的特点是能感知障碍并改变路线。故选B.
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"The carmaker plans to use the games to present its new vehicle technologies."这家汽车制造商计划利用奥运会展示其新的汽车技术。可知该汽年制造商在奥运会上使用机器人是为了展示它最新的汽车技术。故选A.
4.标题判断题。综观全文可知,本文主要介绍了日本将在2020年奥运会上使用的机器人助手。故选C.
十、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段第二句可知,这类玩具有助于孩子们提高智力。
2.细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“Woobo can help a child who has autism spectrumdisorder(自闭症谱系障碍).”可知,Woobo能够帮助一个有自闭症的孩子,即帮助他克服行为障碍。
3.词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知,这种玩具能够提高他们集中注意力的能力,即减少孩子注意力不集中的困难。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,生产商将竭尽所能,满足家庭教育的市场,帮助家长教育孩子。

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