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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
5年（2018-2022）中考英语真题分项汇编（天津专用）
专题05 阅读补全+根据首字母填短文
【2022年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Dogs are the best pets of humans. They come in all sizes. Some dogs are as small as a football, and others are as tall as a desk. Dogs’ fur(毛) is different, too. It can be long and soft, or smooth and hard. People don’t mind the kind of fur, because all dogs are good to hug.
Dogs need to be taken care of. Short-haired dogs are the easiest to look after. But all dogs need a bath once in a while. Giving a dog a bath is a lot of fun. After you give a bath to your dog, it shakes the water off its body. Be careful, or you will get wet!
Dogs like to make their owners(主人) happy, so dogs are easy to train. They can follow simple orders.
Dogs are really amazing animals. Some dogs pull sleds(雪橇) across icy places. Some save people who fall into the river. Other dogs do tricks(表演绝技) in movies. A dog has even flown in a rocket(火箭) to space.
Why not keep a dog as a pet
51．Some dogs are ________ a football, and others are as tall as a desk.
52．People don’t mind the kind of dogs’ fur, because ________.
53．When you finish giving a bath to your dog, it ________ its body.
54．Dogs like to make their owners happy, so dogs ________ to train.
55．The writer advises people to ________ as a pet.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____56____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____57____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____58____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____59____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____60____ way. Their “l____61____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____62____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____63____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____64____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____65_____ of information.
参考答案
51．as small as
52．all dogs are good to hug
53．shakes the water off
54．are easy
55．keep a dog
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍养狗的一些好处，建议我们可以养狗作为宠物。
51．
根据“Some dogs are as small as a football”可知，有些狗像足球一样小，故填as small as。
52．
根据“People don’t mind the kind of fur, because all dogs are good to hug.”可知，人们不介意皮毛的种类，因为所有的狗都好拥抱。故填all dogs are good to hug。
53．
根据“After you give a bath to your dog, it shakes the water off its body.”可知，你给狗洗澡后，它会把身上的水抖掉。故填shakes the water off。
54．
根据“Dogs like to make their owners(主人) happy, so dogs are easy to train.”可知，狗喜欢让主人高兴，所以狗很容易训练。故填are easy。
55．
根据“Why not keep a dog as a pet ”可知，作者建议养狗作为宠物，故填keep a dog。
56．(s)o
57．(w)alk
58．(b)ooks
59．(c)ome
60．(d)ifferent
61．(l)ibraries
62．(f)all
63．(t)ravel
64．(l)ater
65．(w)orld
【解析】本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
56．
句意：汽车和卡车没有用处，所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are not useful...library books arrive on the backs of camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so引导。故填(s)o。
57．
句意：两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用，所以他们是步行，walk“步行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
58．
句意：在每个村庄，图书管理员都会搭起帐篷，向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shows the...to the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍，表泛指用名词复数books“书”。故填(b)ooks。
59．
句意：两周后，骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new books”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来，come back“回来”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ome。
60．
句意：泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同，修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
61．
句意：他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆，library“图书馆”，根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
62．
句意：金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal protects the books from the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨，fall“落下”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
63．
句意：大多数人乘船旅行，他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by boat and they also carry their books by boat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行，travel“旅行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
64．
句意：成箱的书留在村子里，几周后被换成新书。根据“Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书，later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
65．
句意：它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a whole...of information”以及首字母可知是很多信息，a world of“很多”。故填(w)orld。
【2021年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
A vegetarian（素食者）is someone who does not eat meat. Being a vegetarian has become a popular choice. In fact, l in every 200 kids in the US is a vegetarian. Most people choose to be vegetarians for many reasons.
First, they believe that a vegetarian diet（饮食）is good for health. It usually has less fat （脂肪）than a diet that includes meat. Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to stay fit and healthy. A vegetarian diet also provides many vitamins（维生素）that people can’t get from meat. These vitamins protect people from some diseases.
Second, many vegetarians are worried about how animals are raised and killed for food. They hope animals can be better treated.
Finally, they think being a vegetarian can help the planet. People use more energy, water and land to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables. Also animals put greenhouse gases（温室气体）into the air. These gases cause global warming（全球变暖）.
Vegetarians advise people to have just a couple of vegetarian meals a week to make the world a better place.
51．In fact, 1 in ____________ in the US is a vegetarian.
52．Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to stay ____________.
53．Many vegetarians are worried about ____________.
54．People use ____________ to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables.
55．Vegetarians advise people to ____________ a week.
七、短文首字母填空
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e____56____ compared with other fuels (燃料). W____57____ petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p____58____ because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c____59____ more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e____60____. But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m____61____ of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d____62____.
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j____63____.
Many people are not p____64____ with it. The government and car makers are w_____65_____ together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
参考答案
51．every 200 kids
52．fit and healthy
53．how animals are raised and killed for food
54．more energy, water and land
55．have (just) a couple of vegetarian meals
【解析】本文主要介绍了人们成为素食者的原因，并建议人们每周只吃几顿素食，让世界变得更美好。
51．根据“In fact, l in every 200 kids in the US is a vegetarian”可知，每200个孩子中有1个是素食者，故填every 200 kids。
52．根据“Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to stay fit and healthy”可知，素食者吃低脂肪的食物来保持身材和健康，故填fit and healthy。
53．根据“many vegetarians are worried about how animals are raised and killed for food”可知，许多素食主义者担心动物是如何被饲养和宰杀的，故填how animals are raised and killed for food。
54．根据“People use more energy, water and land to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables”可知，人们用更多的能源、水和土地来饲养动物作为食物，而不是种植水果和蔬菜，故填more energy, water and land。
55．根据“Vegetarians advise people to have just a couple of vegetarian meals a week to make the world a better place”可知，素食主义者建议人们每周只吃几顿素食，让世界变得更美好，故填have (just) a couple of vegetarian meals。
56．(e)xpensive
57．(W)hen
58．(p)opular
59．(c)aused
60．(e)ither
61．(m)ethod
62．(d)own
63．(j)ourneys
64．(p)leased
65．(w)orking
【解析】文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
56．
句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
57．
句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
58．
句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
59．
句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
60．
句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
61．
句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
62．
句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
63．
句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
64．
句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
65．
句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
【2020年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
Have you ever thought about how many different things you like You may like pets, parties, presents, foods, and even superheroes! Our world is full of so many things to like!
Do you ever wonder (琢磨) why you like certain animals or why you like to do certain things You may not think about it often, but you may learn something about yourself if you think twice.
For example, why do you like to play with cats more than dogs Why do you like going to parties and playing games Why do you like some sweets but not others
Our personality helps form what we like and dislike. Sometimes the things we like just come naturally to us. For example, who’s your favourite superhero You probably like that character (人物) for reasons that are all your own. You may not have even thought about why you like that superhero... you just do.
As you learn more and do more, you may find out that there are more and more things you like. That’s a good thing!
Do your friends like the same things that you do Maybe you and your friends like different things. But it’s OK. What you like is part of what makes you you!
51．Our world is full of ________ to like.
52．You may ________ if you think twice.
53．Our personality helps form ________.
54．As you ________, you may find out that there are more and more things you like.
55．It’s OK if you and your friends ________.
七、短文汉语提示填空
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’ This is just another way of saying that it’s n___56___ to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e___57___ staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a___58___ thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable b___59___ that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a q___60___ place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s___61___ about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l___62___ cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house When families work t___63___ to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h___64___ lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w____65____ you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
参考答案
51．so many things
52．learn something about yourself
53．what we like and dislike
54．learn more and do more
55．like different things
【解析】文章介绍了我们的世界充满了太多让人喜欢的东西！人们为什么会有自己喜欢的东西，为什么不同的人喜欢不同的东西，这里是由我们自身的个性决定的。
51．
根据文中Our world is full of so many things to like!可知，我们的世界充满了太多让人喜欢的东西！故答案为so many things。
52．
根据文中but you may learn something about yourself if you think twice.可知，如果你三思而后行的话，你可能会学到一些关于你自己的东西。故答案为learn something about yourself。
53．
根据文中Our personality helps form what we like and dislike.可知，我们的个性有助于形成我们喜欢和不喜欢的东西。故答案为what we like and dislike.
54．
根据文中As you learn more and do more, you may find out that there are more and more things you like.可知，当你学得越多，做得越多，你就会发现你喜欢的东西越来越多。故答案为learn more and do more。
55．
根据文中Maybe you and your friends like different things. But it’s OK.可知，也许你和你的朋友喜欢不同的东西。但没关系。故答案为like different things。
56．nice
57．enjoy
58．another
59．bed
60．quiet
61．stories
62．like
63．together
64．help
65．when
【解析】文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56．
句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！
根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home” 可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
57．
句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。
根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
58．
句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。
根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
59．
句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？
根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
60．
句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。
根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
61．
句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。
根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
62．
句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？
根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
63．
句意：当一家人一起做家务时……
根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
64．
句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。
根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
65．
句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”
根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。
【2019年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读填表
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Friends are an important part of our lives. We spend time with them, have fun together and share our opinions, feelings and even secrets. Life would be boring without friends. Friends influence who we are help us learn, support(支持)us in good and bad times. And care for us even when we are not happy.
Often. we have many happy moments with our friends. We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable. Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling.That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing (维持)，a close group of friends.
It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether(不论) it is about a sad or happy subject. In good times, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone. It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience. Friends are important pillars(中心人物)of support.
Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same. As time goes by, we learn to respect one another’s differences. This acceptance of others’ differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbors and new friends.
51．Life________without friends.
52．Being lonely for long periods of time________.
53．It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether________.
54．You need someone to support you if________.
55．No one person is the same, so we should________.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn’t have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i_____56_____. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p____57____with his suggestion and started the project immediately
The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d____58____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_____59_____working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t____60____.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the porject s____61____and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the country’s Department of Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___62___.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r___63___.The kids were very happy but a bit worried—they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they also faced many d___64___.There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school—e____65____in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
参考答案
51．would be boring
52．is not a great feeling
53．it is about a sad and happy subject
54．you have had an unpleasant experience
55．(learn to) respect one another’s differences
【解析】本文介绍了朋友是我们生活的重要组成部分。没有朋友生活会很无聊。我们和朋友们有很多快乐的时光。我们需要有人与我们分享事情，让我们更愉快。长时间的孤独不是一种很好的感觉。重要的是要有一个朋友交谈，不管是关于悲伤还是快乐的话题。朋友是支持的重要支柱。朋友给我们上重要的课。没有一个人是相同的。当我们在生活中遇到越来越多的人，如新的家庭成员、邻居和新朋友时，接受他人的差异是很重要的。
51．细节理解题。根据Life would be boring without friends.可知，没有朋友生活会很无聊。故答案为would be boring。
52．细节理解题。根据Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling.可知，长时间的孤独不是一种很好的感觉。故答案为is not a great feeling。
53．细节理解题。根据It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether(不论) it is about a sad or happy subject.重要的是要有一个朋友交谈，无论是关于一个悲伤和快乐的主题。所以答案为：it is about a sad and happy subject。
54．细节理解题。根据It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience.如果你刚刚有过不愉快的经历，有人支持你也是很重要的。可知，如果你有过不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你。所以答案为：you have had an unpleasant experience。
55．细节理解题。根据No one person is the same. As time goes by, we learn to respect one another’s differences.没有一个人是相同的。随着时间的推移，我们学会尊重彼此的差异。可知，没有人是相同的，所以我们应该（学会）尊重彼此的差异。所以答案为：(learn to) respect one another’s differences。
56．idea
57．pleased
58．divided
59．stop
60．themselves
61．spread
62．actions
63．ready
64．difficulties
65．especially
【解析】本文介绍了生活在非洲的mhangeni的村民。他们面临着一个巨大的挑战，他们没有为孩子们提供学校。村长说可以把一座废弃的旧农舍用作教室。所有村民都很满意，立即开始了这项工程。由于雨季的到来，村民们不得不停下来去种植。孩子们决定自己接着修建教室。这个消息不胫而走。两位教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。但是他们还面临许多困难：没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。虽然这样，但是孩子们还是很高兴的，因为他们在自己修建的学校里读书。
56．句意：这时村长想到了一个主意。根据He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. 他说有一座废弃的旧农舍。它可以在打扫清洁和装饰后用作教室。可知，这是村长所想到的一个主意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：idea。因为前面有不定冠词an，因此idea用单数。故答案为idea。
57．句意：所有村民都对他的建议很满意，立即开始了这项工程。根据started the project immediately. 立即开始了这项工程。说明村民们对于村长的提议很满意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：pleased。be pleased with：对……感到满意。所以答案为：pleased。
58．句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d　　3　　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_______ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。
59．句意：他们不得不停止为学校工作，因为现在是他们种植的最佳时机。根据But the rains were coming. 和as it was now the best time for them to plant.可知，由于雨季的到来，这是人们种植的最好时节，因此应该是停止建学校。再结合首字母提示可知，填：stop。had to是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故答案为stop。
60．句意：于是，mhangeni的孩子们决定自己建成这座房子。do sth. by oneself，oneself用在动词后面，可以强调主语，表示“某人自己”，和by oneself是一个意思，即表示“靠某人自己”的意思。因此本题应该填反身代词，再结合首字母提示和主语the children of Mhangeni可知，填：they 的反身代词themselves。故答案为themselves。
61．句意：关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。根据many people knew it. 很多人都知道。可知，这个消息是传开了的。再结合首字母提示可知，填：spread。由and后面的句子and many people knew it.可知，该句话的时态为一般过去时，因此and 前面的句子也要用一般过去时。spread的过去式为spread。所以答案为：spread。
62．句意：两位在该国教育部工作的教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。根据The news about the project s　　6　　and many people knew it. 关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。以及two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a　　7　　.两位外国游客也被孩子们的_______ 所感动。可知，应该是孩子们的行为感动了他们。再结合首字母提示可知，填：action。又因为该空前面的the children’s是复数的名词所有格，因此后面的名词应该用复数。故答案为actions。
63．句意：经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。根据After 10 days of hard work, 经过10天的努力。可知，新学校应该是准备好了。再结合首字母提示可知，填：ready。be ready：准备就绪。所以答案为：ready。
64．句意：除此之外，他们还面临许多困难。根据There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book. 没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。可知，这些都是他们所面临的困难。再结合首字母提示可知，填：difficulty。many后面跟可数名词的复数，difficulty的复数为difficulties。所以答案为：difficulties。
65．句意：然而，孩子们很乐意在学校学习，尤其是在他们帮助建立的新学校里。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially。especially表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是为了进一步强调，强调孩子们很乐意在学校里学习。因此填：especially。
【2018年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读填表
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born on I4th March,1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary (非凡的)person since he was born. Einstein wasn’t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them
His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages. He was not the teachers favourite. He didn’t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated（大学毕业）as a teacher of maths and physics in1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation. Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
Later life
Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However there was no conclusion(结论).
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
51．Einstein loved watching things carefully and ______about them
52．Though Einstein_______ he failed in many subjects.
53．Finally. Einstein won the Nobel Prize _______in1921
54．Scientists studied Einstein s brain after he died so that_______.
55．Many famous scientists still think Einstein is_______.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w__56__of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i__57__the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s___58___they were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c__59__days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f___60___clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l _61_ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f___62___
o keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b___63___was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i____64____accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c__65__. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
参考答案
51．asked a lot of questions
52．did well in maths and science
53．for physics
54．they could see if there was anything special about it
55．the smartest man in the world
【解析】本文主要介绍了Albert Einstein生平事迹。
51．根据第一段倒数第二句He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them知答案是asked a lot of questions。
52．根据第二段第二句Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages.知答案是did well in maths and science
53．根据第三段第一句Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921知答案是for physics。
54．根据第四段第二句Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it可知。但是本题需要进行适当修改才能满足“so that”句式，so that+句子，所以.答案为they could see if there was anything special about it
55．根据最后一句Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.知答案为the smartest man in the world
56．ways
57．invented
58．sun
59．cloudy
60．first
61．level
62．failed
63．but
64．improved
65．change
【解析】本文主要说明了是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。
56． 前文提到”A clock, a watch or a cell phone”, 可知这里是在说计量时间的“方法、手段”， 又因为前有形容词 different 修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数 ways。
57．根据前文 people have developed 可知，本文是写古人发明的计时方法， 所以这里填 invent“发明”；根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知要使用一般过去时，所以填 invented.
58．根据文章可知埃及人发明的 the sun clock 是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填 sun。
59．根据文章可知，埃及人发明的 sundial 和 the sun clock 都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy.
60．前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了 water clocks 是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是“首次”，填 first.
61．根据前文，water clock 的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填 level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。
62．根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点， water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词 but 可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段“机械钟更加准确”可知水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。所以应该是考 fail to do 不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填 failed.
63．机械钟的优点是更加准确，空后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出现了语义转折，所以应该填 but.
64．根据前文“接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，所以应该是“提升”了精确性，所以填 improved.
65．根据前一句“在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是”可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”，而且通过 nowadays 可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填 change。
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5年（2018-2022）中考英语真题分项汇编（天津专用）
专题05 阅读补全+根据首字母填短文
【2022年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Dogs are the best pets of humans. They come in all sizes. Some dogs are as small as a football, and others are as tall as a desk. Dogs’ fur(毛) is different, too. It can be long and soft, or smooth and hard. People don’t mind the kind of fur, because all dogs are good to hug.
Dogs need to be taken care of. Short-haired dogs are the easiest to look after. But all dogs need a bath once in a while. Giving a dog a bath is a lot of fun. After you give a bath to your dog, it shakes the water off its body. Be careful, or you will get wet!
Dogs like to make their owners(主人) happy, so dogs are easy to train. They can follow simple orders.
Dogs are really amazing animals. Some dogs pull sleds(雪橇) across icy places. Some save people who fall into the river. Other dogs do tricks(表演绝技) in movies. A dog has even flown in a rocket(火箭) to space.
Why not keep a dog as a pet
51．Some dogs are ________ a football, and others are as tall as a desk.
52．People don’t mind the kind of dogs’ fur, because ________.
53．When you finish giving a bath to your dog, it ________ its body.
54．Dogs like to make their owners happy, so dogs ________ to train.
55．The writer advises people to ________ as a pet.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____56____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____57____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____58____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____59____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____60____ way. Their “l____61____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____62____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____63____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____64____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____65_____ of information.
【2021年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
A vegetarian（素食者）is someone who does not eat meat. Being a vegetarian has become a popular choice. In fact, l in every 200 kids in the US is a vegetarian. Most people choose to be vegetarians for many reasons.
First, they believe that a vegetarian diet（饮食）is good for health. It usually has less fat （脂肪）than a diet that includes meat. Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to stay fit and healthy. A vegetarian diet also provides many vitamins（维生素）that people can’t get from meat. These vitamins protect people from some diseases.
Second, many vegetarians are worried about how animals are raised and killed for food. They hope animals can be better treated.
Finally, they think being a vegetarian can help the planet. People use more energy, water and land to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables. Also animals put greenhouse gases（温室气体）into the air. These gases cause global warming（全球变暖）.
Vegetarians advise people to have just a couple of vegetarian meals a week to make the world a better place.
51．In fact, 1 in ____________ in the US is a vegetarian.
52．Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to stay ____________.
53．Many vegetarians are worried about ____________.
54．People use ____________ to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables.
55．Vegetarians advise people to ____________ a week.
七、短文首字母填空
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e____56____ compared with other fuels (燃料). W____57____ petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p____58____ because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c____59____ more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e____60____. But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m____61____ of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d____62____.
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j____63____.
Many people are not p____64____ with it. The government and car makers are w_____65_____ together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【2020年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读补全句子
Have you ever thought about how many different things you like You may like pets, parties, presents, foods, and even superheroes! Our world is full of so many things to like!
Do you ever wonder (琢磨) why you like certain animals or why you like to do certain things You may not think about it often, but you may learn something about yourself if you think twice.
For example, why do you like to play with cats more than dogs Why do you like going to parties and playing games Why do you like some sweets but not others
Our personality helps form what we like and dislike. Sometimes the things we like just come naturally to us. For example, who’s your favourite superhero You probably like that character (人物) for reasons that are all your own. You may not have even thought about why you like that superhero... you just do.
As you learn more and do more, you may find out that there are more and more things you like. That’s a good thing!
Do your friends like the same things that you do Maybe you and your friends like different things. But it’s OK. What you like is part of what makes you you!
51．Our world is full of ________ to like.
52．You may ________ if you think twice.
53．Our personality helps form ________.
54．As you ________, you may find out that there are more and more things you like.
55．It’s OK if you and your friends ________.
七、短文汉语提示填空
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’ This is just another way of saying that it’s n___56___ to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e___57___ staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a___58___ thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable b___59___ that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a q___60___ place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s___61___ about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l___62___ cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house When families work t___63___ to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h___64___ lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w____65____ you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
【2019年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读填表
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Friends are an important part of our lives. We spend time with them, have fun together and share our opinions, feelings and even secrets. Life would be boring without friends. Friends influence who we are help us learn, support(支持)us in good and bad times. And care for us even when we are not happy.
Often. we have many happy moments with our friends. We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable. Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling.That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing (维持)，a close group of friends.
It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether(不论) it is about a sad or happy subject. In good times, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone. It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience. Friends are important pillars(中心人物)of support.
Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same. As time goes by, we learn to respect one another’s differences. This acceptance of others’ differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbors and new friends.
51．Life________without friends.
52．Being lonely for long periods of time________.
53．It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether________.
54．You need someone to support you if________.
55．No one person is the same, so we should________.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn’t have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i_____56_____. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p____57____with his suggestion and started the project immediately
The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d____58____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_____59_____working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t____60____.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the porject s____61____and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the country’s Department of Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___62___.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r___63___.The kids were very happy but a bit worried—they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they also faced many d___64___.There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school—e____65____in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
【2018年天津市中考真题】
六、阅读填表
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born on I4th March,1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary (非凡的)person since he was born. Einstein wasn’t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them
His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history geography and languages. He was not the teachers favourite. He didn’t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated（大学毕业）as a teacher of maths and physics in1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation. Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
Later life
Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However there was no conclusion(结论).
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
51．Einstein loved watching things carefully and ______about them
52．Though Einstein_______ he failed in many subjects.
53．Finally. Einstein won the Nobel Prize _______in1921
54．Scientists studied Einstein s brain after he died so that_______.
55．Many famous scientists still think Einstein is_______.
七、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w__56__of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i__57__the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s___58___they were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c__59__days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f___60___clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l _61_ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f___62___
o keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b___63___was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i____64____accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c__65__. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
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