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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21首字母填空-上海市2021年中考英语真题&模拟卷分题型分类汇编
一．首字母阅读填空（共18小题）
（2021 宝山区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
What is laughter？
Laughter is natural for people. We start to laugh at about four months of age. We start to laugh even before we start to speak!
Laughter is social. It connects us with other people. We laugh more when we are with other people. Studies find that we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are a（1）　 　. When one person laughs， other people begin to laugh，too.
It is difficult to pretend. Laughter is h（2）　 　. Try to laugh right now. It's difficult， isn't it？ When people pretend to laugh， most people know it's not real. Studies show that people don't like the sound of fake（虚假的）laughter.
When do people laugh？
Only 10 to 20 percent of laughter is about something funny. Most laughter is about being friendly with other people. Most laughter says "I don't want to compete with you. I like to be with you." This kind of laughter brings people t（3）　 　.
We often laugh when we feel n（4）　 　. At the beginning of the meeting， someone often tells a joke. It's usually a small joke， but we laugh a lot. Our laughter helps us relax.
What is funny？
Some things are funny because we don't e（5）　 　 them. When a joke begins， we already have an idea about the end. We think we know the end， but then the joke ends in a different way. The end of the joke surprises us. It makes us laugh.
Silly things are sometimes funny. We laugh at jokes about people and their m（6）　 　 because we know something they don't know. We think we are better than they are.
Not everyone has the same sense of humor（幽默感）. Some people think a joke is funny， but other people don't think so. People have different idea about what is funny. For young children， the world is new. Many things surprise them， so they laugh a lot. Teenagers often worry about what others think of them. They laugh to p（7）　 　 themselves. Teenagers laugh when they feel embarrassed. Adults laugh at things that give them stress. Our reasons for laughter change over time.
（2021 青浦区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
″What is Earth Hour？
Earth Hours is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature （WWF） and it's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening， people ‘go dark' ﹣﹣ that is， switch off lights in their homes， schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007， when 2.2 million people in Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then it has grown into an i（1）　 　 event， and many countries around the world have taken part. Famous buildings that have gone dark for Earth Hour i（2）　 　 Buckingham Palace in London， the Eiffel Tower in Paris， the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York's Empire State Building. Even astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station， and Google has shown its s（3）　 　 by making a dark homepage for the event.
″What's the idea b（4）　 　 Earth Hour？
The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and call for action to protect nature. It's true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. But this is only the b（5）　 　.
On one level， joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. For example， eating less meat， using low﹣energy electrical items instead of high﹣energy o（6）　 　 and using green forms of transport all help the planet.
But on another level， a large number of people all acting t（7）　 　 sends a powerful message to governments and companies. It pushes them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.
（2021 浦东新区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Can living a zero﹣waste lifestyle be true？One New Yorker is proving it's not only possible，but it looks fun as well.
The New Yorker，Ms.Singer didn't grow up in a really "green" home. "My family isn't like this at all，" she said. "They were the least f（1）　 　 to environment ever." The idea to have a no﹣waste life didn't come to her mind until she learned environmental studies at university.
In 2013，Ms.Singer decided to c（2）　 　 as little rubbish as possible.She liked going to the farmers' market，where she began shopping by giving up packaging.She learned how to store food in her apartment to keep it f（3）　 　 longer.All food she couldn't finish went into a large bowl in her fridge，which she emptied once a week at her plants.She would r（4）　 　 glass bottles to buy milk，beer and only buy other items that usually come in paper boxes.She also began to buy clothes at secondhand shops instead of buying new ones.Ms.Singer even began finding out how to make her own cleaning p（5）　 　，from toothpaste to house cleaner，from toilet paper to washing powder.She's proudly living a no﹣waste life.
Bit by bit，Ms.Singer was h（6）　 　 making any non﹣recyclable rubbish.In fact，every piece of rubbish she's got over the last three years stays in a single jar. "It's baby steps，one thing after another，" she said.After she had a quick reduction in her rubbish pile，she started a company.She and her staff travel around the world sharing her s（7）　 　 and introducing her zero﹣waste lifestyle.Maybe，there will be more Singers all around the world.
（2021 松江区二模）C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Alice picked a golden key from the table and put it in all the locks on the doors but it didn't open any of them. Then she discovered another door， a very small one. She put the key in the lock.It was exactly the right（1）s　 　 ! She opened the door and looked through it. She saw a garden with brightly﹣coloured flowers and fountains.
"How beautiful!" she said. "I'd love to go there but I'm too big to get through the door."
She walked back to the table. There was a bottle on it now.
"I'm sure that bottle wasn't there before，" she said， feeling a little （2）c　 　.
She put down the key and picked up the bottle. She read the words"Drink Me" on it. Alice wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't drink it（3）i　 　. First she looked at the bottle carefully. There wasn't a label on it that said"POISON" （毒药）.
So she put the bottle to her lips and drank.
"Mmm， it's nice，" she said. It tasted like pineapple， roast turkey and toast﹣ ﹣all the things that she liked to cat﹣ so she drank more. Soon the bottle was （4）e　 　.
"What a strange feeling，" she said， "I'm getting smaller and smaller." She was now as small as her cat Dinah.
"Good! I can go through the door into the garden，" she said. But when she got to the door， she didn't have the key! It was on the table. She couldn't get it（5）b　 　 she was too small now. She sat down and cried.
After a while she said，"Alice! Stop crying! Crying doesn't help!"
When she looked at the table again， she saw a glass box under it. She picked it up and opened it. There was a small cake inside. It had the words"（6）E　 　 me" on it. She put a small piece of it in her mouth.
"If I grow bigger I can reach the key，" she though，"And if I grow smaller I can go under the door."
But（7）n　 　 happened as she finished it.
（2021 嘉定区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.She reached down to pick them up，and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with.It seemed i（1）　 　 to clean them all up.
Du，12 years old at the time，tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first，by doing a little r（2）　 　.She conducted surveys and searched for information.That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem：a remote﹣operated vehicle （遥控潜水器） ﹣﹣ ROV，Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection （探测） system.She uses a c（3）　 　 along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics through pictures.She also uses visible （可见的） light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it，" says engineer Casey Machado， "It sounds s（4）　 　，but it's a level of thinking that's really difficult."
Do started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old，and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV.She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy.She f（5）　 　 many times，but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans，she said that she wanted to address the effects of climate （气候） change. "I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new i（6）　 　." says Du.
Du thanks her parents，who for years have taken her to student outreach activities，for supporting her interest in science，technology，engineering and math （STEM）.She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems，" says Du. "But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet."
L（7）　 　，she has plenty of time to figure that out at her age.
（2021 上海二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
Which is more important to our lives，the Internet or the washing machine？Many of us might answer， "The Internet!" The Internet helps us gather information.It allows us to see our friends in real time.
However，Ha﹣Joo﹣Chang，a professor at Cambridge University，doesn't a（1）　 　.He believes the washing machine has changed the world more than the Internet.That sounds strange，but Change is not a（2）　 　.Many experts have called the washing machine the greatest invention of the 20th century.Why？
Let's be h（3）　 　：How many of us love to do the Laundry（洗衣服）？It seems the cycle of washing，drying and ironing never ends.It's so tiring and boring.
However，before the washing machine was invented，women often had to spend lots of time washing clothes.Many of them suffered from back p（4）　 　
The washing machine freed women from the laundry.Many women found they had enough time to enter the labor market.As a result，the social status of women began to change.Today，most women can make an i（5）　 　living.They don't have to rely on men any longer.To better understand the influence of washing machines，we can look at societies w（6）　 　 them.In many African countries，doing the laundry takes women six hours a day.Women there h（7）　 　 have time to work or start a business.It is difficult for them to find a way out of poverty Perhaps things will be a lot different if they have washing machines.
We often take the washing machine for granted.But these machines do play an important role in our lies.They have greatly changed the world.
（2021 长宁区二模）Impatient people are often seen as proud and self﹣important.Being impatient can affect your relationships at work and at home negatively（有害地）.People will sense anger from you and not like（1）d 　 　 with you if you are impatient.They might even come to avoid you completely.
Impatient people are often seen as making quick decisions as they don't let people communicate fully or find out all the facts first.When you notice you are impatient，you can find some ways to overcome them.Here are two ways that may help you.
Because impatient people are often （2）b 　 　and hate to waste time，they sometimes don't leave extra time for small mistakes.This means that，if they need to be somewhere，they are always doing other tasks （3）t 　 　the last minute.They don't leave extra time in case a bus is late，they can't find their car keys or some other （4）p 　 　appear.When you need to get somewhere，especially if it is somewhere important，give yourself some extra time.If you arrive early，you can relax or do something then.
Be prepared.If being hungry gets you impatient，keep a health bar with you at all times.If you hate sitting around waiting，see to some business on your phone or keep a book to read handy at all times.If you know that you might be （5）s 　 　in traffic or wait at the airport，think about what you might need to pass the time.A game might be helpful or even something as （6）s 　 　as a pen and paper to write a letter.
Sometimes patience is about changing our attitude to our place in the world.Don't believe that your time is more important than （7）a 　 　else's.You can learn you control the emotions you feel when you are impatient and so become a person who is both easier to get on with and enjoys life more.
（2021 浦东新区模拟）Fill in the blank with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Darius and Johntel have a lot in common.They both like basketball and are both captains of their school teams.Last month，they played a basketball game.Just hours b（1）　 　the match Johntel's mother lost her battle with cancer （癌症）suddenly.Johntel's coach wanted to call off the game.But Johntel suggested the game should be played，so with h（2）　 　 hearts his teammates prepared to play.
What they weren't prepared for was Johntel's appearance in the gym.The moment they saw him，the players and f（3）　 　came to offer him love and support.Johntel wanted to play.Of course his teammates were happy to have him.But Johntel wasn't on the pre﹣game list.If they put him in the game，they would r（4）　 　a technical foul（技术犯规） and the other team would get two free throws.Johntel's coach accepted that and encouraged Johntel to play.He could see that this was the boy's w（5）　 　of dealing with his pain﹣﹣the point was not important.
The other team told the referees（裁判）to let Johntel play and forget the rule，but the referees said that a rule is a rule.Then Darius volunteered to take the free throws.He just shot the ball carelessly t（6）　 　.It meant he gave up two points.All the people were moved by his behavior. "I did it for the guy who lost his mom. " Darius said after the game. "It was the right thing to do."
Johntel's team got a 15﹣point v（7）　 　at last.But the players of the two teams won the same cheering. "This is an unforgettable experience for these kids. " Darius's coach said.
（2021 徐汇区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Hundreds of thousands of people often see their faces on the TV screen. They may be speaking
"live" from the scene of an earthquake or interviewing a famous person. They look confident as they present stories or give regular updates on an important news event. They are TV reporters.
To many of us， TV reporters seem to have an（1）e　 　job. After all， they will be among the first to know about major local and world events and they often get to watch these events happen right before their eyes. They（2）e　 　 have many opportunities to meet well﹣known people and top leaders.
Actually， reporters not only have to put in a lot of hard work， they must also develop different skills and have the right personality for the job.
TV reporters must tell an interesting story so that people will want to watch and pay attention to it. To get the news to their viewers as quickly as possible， TV reporters have to work long and irregular hours. They often work nights， weekends， and （3）h　 　一 when people in most other jobs are taking their days off. Reporters must always be ready to get to work right away. During sudden news event， TV reporters may have to put down some notes and start reporting（4）i　 　. In such a situation， they may not have the time to get back to the TV station and write down their story.Sometimes， a reporter has to （5）c　 　 a news story that he has been working on because another news story may seem more important.
When TV reporters study for their job， they have to learn to write news stories that go with the video the cameraman has shot. Writing for TV is very different from writing an （6）o　 　report.
In order to attract their viewers， they must learn to dress professionally and smartly. TV reporters must speak clearly and appear relaxed. They must learn to look into the camera and smile.Besides， a TV reporter's （7）v　 　 is key to his or her success on the job. When training for the job，students learn to speak at the right volume to deliver their news story in such a way as to keep their viewers interested.
（2021 虹口区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
With equal opportunities，women are able to choose their own ideal jobs.If a 9 to 5 office job isn't your style，consider the following （1）f 　 　fun jobs available.
Wedding（婚礼）planner
While some women dream of their wedding day，others grow up to be wedding planners. （2）B 　 　 chances are available，as more than 2 million weddings take place in the United States each year with an （3）a 　 　 spend of more than ＄1，000 per wedding for a wedding planner.
Disney character
Imagine being paid to be a princess.For many women working at the Disney resorts，that is（4）e 　 　 what they do.The Walt Disney Company wants look﹣alikes to play the role of Disney characters，like Cinderella，at its Disneyland and Disney World resorts.
Personal shopper
If you love to shop，particularly when you are spending someone else's money，then you should consider （5）b 　 　 a personal shopper.Personal shoppers meet their customers' （6）n 　 　，lifestyles，likes and dislikes and then put that knowledge to use by buying their clothing and accessories.Although the job does have a few drawbacks （ 缺 点 ） ，like fussy customers， says that "mostly，it's a pretty good time."
Doggy daycare
Women who love （7）a 　 　might think about opening a doggy daycare center.You can spend your days playing with dogs，before sending them home at the end of the day.
（2021 金山区二模）On my father's birthday， my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightly lit and very noisy， with lots of diners. Waiters move （1）b　 　 between the tables.
We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant（2）s　 　for a moment， and then everybody started talking together.'What's happened to the lights？' 'Ooh， it's a blackout!'
Some people laughed， and other seemed a little （3）w　 　.
Then the restaurant manager came in， holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners，'Ladies and gentlemen， I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighbourhood， and we don't know when it will be restored. Please be （4）p　 　. Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.'
The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables. One of the diners asked，‘What about our meals？'
'Don't worry， sir，' replied the manager.'Fortunately， we use gas in our kitchen， not （5）e　 　， so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again， ladies and gentlemen， I（6）a　 　.'
My father said to me，'let's go out the street and take a look.'
He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough， it was in total darkness.
We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by the candlelight.
The waiter brought our meals and we started eating.
'You know， I don't mind this at all.'said Dad. He looked around at the restaurant.'It's quite pretty! And I feel（7）s　 　 ﹣﹣﹣I'm having a birthday dinner by candlelight!'
'You always look on the right side!'said Mum. We all laughed.
（2021 普陀区二模）No matter how old we are， camping in our backyard is really fun. Families like it when they are on holidays because it is easy and inexpensive. It is great to keep us （1）r　 　and frees us from busy study and work. It offers chances for us to invite friends and relatives who might not fit inside the house. All of us can get close to nature and check the night sky. Follow these （2）i　 　and you will have a night you never forget!
Put up your tent
Depending on the number of family members and（3）g　 　， you may need more than one tent. Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Check out the articles or search online for some videos on how put up a tent.
Prepare your bedding
If you want to enjoy yourselves and stay comfortably inside the tent， put something soft to（4）l　 　on. A blow﹣up air mattress（充气床垫）may work well. Fill the tent with cloth toys and blankets. Have lightweight sleeping bags or cotton blankets. They are （5）a　 　necessary if you live where the night temperatures drop greatly.
Prepare a seating area
If you have a picnic table， that will work best. If not， set up a few chairs and a small table for food and drinks. A simple choice is to spread a blanket in the sun so that your friends can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn't （6）w　 　.
Plan activities and make （7）m　 　.
Plan some activities. You can raise your voice with traditional camping songs that most kids learn in school. Just be careful not to wake up the neighbors. Telling stories is full of fun as well. Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you， your family members and friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!
（2021 闵行区二模）Stomach flu is a common disease.It spreads easily，which makes it hard to avoid.That's （1）e 　 　 true if someone in your family has it.Stomach flu is caused by a virus，but not the same one that causes regular flu.Because it's caused by a virus，there's no medicine to make it go away.But there are some things you can do to avoid catching it.
You can （2）p 　 　 stomach flu by washing your hands often.Use hot water and soap，and spend time scrubbing.Using hand sanitizer is better than nothing but it isn't very effective against stomach flu.That's because hand sanitizer mostly kills bacteria，not viruses.
The virus that causes stomach flu is hard to kill.Normal cleaners won't always work.But cleaning your house can stop you from catching it.So put bleach （消毒水） and water together，and use that to clean surfaces.If someone in your family is sick， （3）r 　 　 to clean things that person has touched.
Dishwashers are better at killing viruses than washing dishes by hand.That's because they keep dishes hotter for longer.Many viruses can stay （4）a 　 　 in your washing machine.So do laundry with hot water and use bleach，if possible.You may even want to run the washing machine with no clothes，just hot water and bleach.This will kill any germs in it.
If you do get the stomach flu，drink as much water as possible.Other clear （5）1 　 　 are good，too.You probably won't want to eat much.But when you do feel ready to eat，try bananas，rice，apple sauce or toast.
Once you're feeling better，don't return to work or school right away.You can（6）s 　 　 spread the disease for a few days after you feel better.If you have a fever，wait at least 24 hours after it ends before going out.This will help protect other people from getting sick.
Stomach flu is awful，but by（7）f 　 　 these tips，you can help stop it from spreading.
（2021 静安区二模）Tourism has become a huge industry.Tourists make millions of foreign trips a year，twice as （1）m 　 　 as 20 years ago.It's now the largest employer on Earth.Clearly，it can do great good，but it can also do great damage.
It's true that tourism has brought benefits to many areas of the world that were very poor.However，mass tourism also has some bad （2）e 　 　 .Local culture and customs change as more tourists arrive.Too much tourism damages the environment.And more and more tourists are behaving badly.
Complaints from local people are growing.In cities such as Barcelona or Venice residents say that too many tourists arrive on cruise ships（ 游轮）.As a result，town centres are overcrowded.They tell stories about （3）n 　 　 parties that keep people awake all night.In famous beauty spots，where tourist money was welcomed，people are now worried about the damage tourists do to the environment.
Of course，many tourists enjoy the benefits of tourism in a responsible way.They choose holidays that support the local economy and they respect the local culture and the environment.Environmentally friendly tourism，or eco﹣tourism，is becoming more（4）p 　 　.
Responsible tourist behaviour is necessary，but it isn't enough to solve the problem.Many people now believe that governments should control how many visitors enter their country.They believe they should （5）l 　 　 the number of cruise ships that use their ports and should not allow too many hotel developments.
（6）U 　 　 ，governments are in a difficult situation.Tourism brings in a lot of money and this helps them （7）i 　 　 life for the local people.However，some governments are beginning to understand that too much tourism can be bad for the local population and the environment.They've taken some measures to promote environmentally friendly tourism.
There may still be hope.
（2021 奉贤区二模）The "Double Eleven" Shopping Festival is one of the largest shopping festivals in China.
Last year，the festival went on for eleven days.Alibaba alone saw 498.2 billion yuan in trade.
Many people believe such large shopping festivals can help them （1）s 　 　 lots of money.
After all，many stores do discount （打折） their goods.But if you take a second look at the sales
prices，you'll find that many of them end in "9"or ".99".In our everyday lives，we （2）r 　 　 say，
"Just give me 5.99 minutes，" It's not common to say， "Just give me 59 minutes，" either.We are
more likely to say，"Just give me 6 minutes" and"Just give me 60 minutes." Why do stores prefer the other way round？
The strategy （策略） is based on the（3）f 　 　 that we read from left to right.On a price tag，the number on the far left impresses us the most.So，even though 5.99 yuan is very （4）c 　 　 to 6 yuan，it's the"5" that impresses us.A product that sells for 5.99 yuan just seems like a better deal than a similar one that sells for 6 yuan.
In a 2016 study，Hibett，a professor of marketing asked a clothing company to（5）r 　 　the price of one of the dresses from ＄34 to ＄39.He and his colleagues all thought fewer people would buy the dress.The result，however， （6）s 　 　them.Demand （需求） increased by a third.Increasing the price from＄34 to ＄44 made no difference at all.
So be （7）c 　 　with prices that end in"9" or ".99".They may make you spend more money!
（2021 黄浦区二模）One day Sam and Jerry were going home from school. When on turning a comer， Sam cried out， "A fight! Let us go and see!"
"No，" said Jerry， "let us go quietly home! We have nothing to do with it and may get into （1）t　 　."
"You are a coward （胆小鬼） and afraid to go，" said Sam， and off he ran.
Jerry went （2）s　 　home， and in the afternoon went to school as usual. But Sam had told all the boys that Jerry was a coward， and they laughed at him a lot. Jerry had learned that sometimes it's unnecessary to （3）a　 　with others and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.
A few days later， Sam was swimming with some schoolmates and suddenly he felt a sharp pain in the leg. He struggled and screamed for help， but there was no（4）r　 　. The boys who had called Jerry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could， but they did not even try to help him.
Sam was fast sinking when Jerry threw off his clothes and sprang into the water. He（5）r　 　Sam just as he was sinking the last time. With great （6）e　 　and with much danger to himself， he brought Sam to the shore and thus saved his life.
Sam and his schoolmates were （7）s　 　to call Jerry a coward. They finally realized that he was braver than any of them. Never be afraid to do good， but always fear to do evil.
（2021 上海）It's 5：00 a.m.!A morning call wakes up Marco.He doesn't get up so （1）e 　 　at home in Los Angeles.Well，maybe to eat breakfast once in a while but never to herd （放牧） cows and sheep!But Marco isn't at home.He is in Africa，on the grasslands of Kenya （肯尼亚）.He is living with the herdsmen.
"Life is very different in Kenya.People live a （2）p 　 　 life here on the grasslands.They can't afford TVs，cars or mobile phones.They make a living mainly by herding cows and sheep，" Marco says.
Marco's trip to Africa isn't a （3）h 　 　.It's part of the school project for biology course at Sunshine School.The school hopes the students will have more life experiences.They have never been to Africa.Kenya is a country which is （4）c 　 　new to the students from Los Angeles.When the students get there，they put on local clothing.Boys herd cows.Girls collect firewood and water.Families depend on their cows.As a result，the herdsmen and the students have to （5）m 　 　from one area to another so that the cows have more grass to eat.
Now in Los Angeles，Kenya is on the minds of the students at Sunshine School all year.Disasters have killed many cows in Kenya，so the students decide to raise money to （6）b 　 　 cows for the local people.Each cow costs about ＄100. "One cow means more to the health of a family than money， "says Marco. "Here we are rally giving life.A cow will give a kid milk every day."
The school wants to give the students a different way of thinking.Helping the herdsmen in Kenya is just the first （7）s 　 　.Next，the students will try to discover ways to give a hand to those in Los Angeles who need help.
（2021 杨浦区二模）Fill in the blanks with the proper words.
Read the comments about changes in the future. How much do you agree with them？
The days， some people work at home one or two days a week instead of going to an office every day. I think in the future a lot more people will work from home all the time. And the number of offices will decrease. It's sad， because people will lose most of their （1）s　 　skills like the ability to connect to others.
There won't be any paper books in the future. They might disappear （2）c　 　 if you want to read books， you will have to download them to a portable e﹣reader. It will hold hundreds of your favourite books. Some e﹣readers might also be waterproof. So you can use them when you are having a bath or a （3）s　 　.
I think the number of people on the planet will continue to （4）i　 　. There'll be less space， so we'll need to change the way we live. Maybe we'll live underground， or maybe lots of people will live together in a single house. It's horrible! Life will definitely get （5）w　 　than it is now!
Our house might be （6）s　 　 in the future. If there's an emergency， it will automatically send a message to the police or call for an ambulance. Our house might also control the heating and the air﹣conditioning， so we'll never feel too hot or too cold.
Driverless cars are a new thing at the moment， but I think in the future it will be common to have one. I think it'll be a good and safe thing， because we won't have so many road （7）a　 　.Maybe we will stop using petrol， too. That would be good.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案与试题解析
一．首字母阅读填空（共18小题）
（2021 宝山区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
What is laughter？
Laughter is natural for people. We start to laugh at about four months of age. We start to laugh even before we start to speak!
Laughter is social. It connects us with other people. We laugh more when we are with other people. Studies find that we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are a（1）　lone　. When one person laughs， other people begin to laugh，too.
It is difficult to pretend. Laughter is h（2）　onest　. Try to laugh right now. It's difficult， isn't it？ When people pretend to laugh， most people know it's not real. Studies show that people don't like the sound of fake（虚假的）laughter.
When do people laugh？
Only 10 to 20 percent of laughter is about something funny. Most laughter is about being friendly with other people. Most laughter says "I don't want to compete with you. I like to be with you." This kind of laughter brings people t（3）　ogether　.
We often laugh when we feel n（4）　ervous　. At the beginning of the meeting， someone often tells a joke. It's usually a small joke， but we laugh a lot. Our laughter helps us relax.
What is funny？
Some things are funny because we don't e（5）　xpect　 them. When a joke begins， we already have an idea about the end. We think we know the end， but then the joke ends in a different way. The end of the joke surprises us. It makes us laugh.
Silly things are sometimes funny. We laugh at jokes about people and their m（6）　istakes　 because we know something they don't know. We think we are better than they are.
Not everyone has the same sense of humor（幽默感）. Some people think a joke is funny， but other people don't think so. People have different idea about what is funny. For young children， the world is new. Many things surprise them， so they laugh a lot. Teenagers often worry about what others think of them. They laugh to p（7）　rotect　 themselves. Teenagers laugh when they feel embarrassed. Adults laugh at things that give them stress. Our reasons for laughter change over time.
【解答】（1）alone ， 考查形容词；根据语境："研究发现我们在和别人一起笑是我们一个人的时候的的30倍。"，首字母是a，根据语境可知填alone.
（2）honest ， 考查形容词，根据语境"很难装。笑是诚实的。"，故答案是honest.
（3）together ，考查动词词组，根据语境：这种笑是可以把人们团结起来的。bring together 是动词短语，意为"团结起来，使在一起"。故答案是together.
（4）nervous ，考查形容词，根据语境：当我们感到紧张的时候，我们常常会笑。故填形容词nervous.
（5）mistakes， 考查名词，根据语境：有些事情有趣是因为它们并不如我们所料。故答案是expect .
（6）mistakes ，考查名词，根据语境：我们笑话人们和它们的错误。故答案是mistakes.
（7）protect ， 考查动词，根据语境：青少年们笑是为了保护它们自己。故答案是 protect .
（2021 青浦区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
″What is Earth Hour？
Earth Hours is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature （WWF） and it's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening， people ‘go dark' ﹣﹣ that is， switch off lights in their homes， schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007， when 2.2 million people in Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then it has grown into an i（1）　nternational　 event， and many countries around the world have taken part. Famous buildings that have gone dark for Earth Hour i（2）　nclude　 Buckingham Palace in London， the Eiffel Tower in Paris， the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York's Empire State Building. Even astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station， and Google has shown its s（3）　upport　 by making a dark homepage for the event.
″What's the idea b（4）　ehind　 Earth Hour？
The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and call for action to protect nature. It's true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. But this is only the b（5）　eginning　.
On one level， joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. For example， eating less meat， using low﹣energy electrical items instead of high﹣energy o（6）　nes　 and using green forms of transport all help the planet.
But on another level， a large number of people all acting t（7）　ogether　 sends a powerful message to governments and companies. It pushes them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.
【解答】（1）international .考查形容词。根据后文 and many countries around the world have taken part. 世界上很多国家参加了，可知这是一个国际的事件。结合空缺处，以i开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"国际的"，用international .故答案为international。
（2）include.考查动词。根据句意，著名的建筑物在地球一小时会变黑，__伦敦的白金汉宫，巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔，北京的紫禁城和纽约的帝国大厦。结合空缺处，以i开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"包括"，用include.结合时态是一般现在时，主语是famous buildings.所以用动词原形，用include.故答案为include。
（3）support.考查名词。根据句意，谷歌为此次活动创建了一个黑暗的主页，以此表示对此次活动的__.结合空缺处，以s开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"支持"，用support.故答案为support。
（4）behind.考查介词。根据句意，这个地球1小时__是什么想法呢？结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个介词，表示"后面，背后"，用behind.故答案为behind。
（5）beginning.考查名词。根据句意，只是关灯一小时只节省少量的电，但是这个仅仅是__.结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"支持"，用beginning.故答案为beginning.
（6）ones.考查冠词。根据句意，比如，少吃肉，用低能量电子事物而不是高能量的且用绿色的交通方式出行都可以帮助这个星球。结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要填入一个冠词，代替前面的items.用ones.故答案为ones.
（7）together.考查副词。根据句意，但在另一个层面上，大量人群__行动，向政府和企业发出了强有力的信息结合空缺处，以t开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"一起"，用together。故答案为together。
（2021 浦东新区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Can living a zero﹣waste lifestyle be true？One New Yorker is proving it's not only possible，but it looks fun as well.
The New Yorker，Ms.Singer didn't grow up in a really "green" home. "My family isn't like this at all，" she said. "They were the least f（1）　riendly　 to environment ever." The idea to have a no﹣waste life didn't come to her mind until she learned environmental studies at university.
In 2013，Ms.Singer decided to c（2）　reate　 as little rubbish as possible.She liked going to the farmers' market，where she began shopping by giving up packaging.She learned how to store food in her apartment to keep it f（3）　resh　 longer.All food she couldn't finish went into a large bowl in her fridge，which she emptied once a week at her plants.She would r（4）　euse　 glass bottles to buy milk，beer and only buy other items that usually come in paper boxes.She also began to buy clothes at secondhand shops instead of buying new ones.Ms.Singer even began finding out how to make her own cleaning p（5）　roducts　，from toothpaste to house cleaner，from toilet paper to washing powder.She's proudly living a no﹣waste life.
Bit by bit，Ms.Singer was h（6）　ardly　 making any non﹣recyclable rubbish.In fact，every piece of rubbish she's got over the last three years stays in a single jar. "It's baby steps，one thing after another，" she said.After she had a quick reduction in her rubbish pile，she started a company.She and her staff travel around the world sharing her s（7）　tories　 and introducing her zero﹣waste lifestyle.Maybe，there will be more Singers all around the world.
【解答】（1）friendly.考查形容词。根据句意，他们曾经是对环境最不___的。结合空缺处，以f开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"友好的"，构成be friendly to ...对...友好。用friendly.故答案为friendly。
（2）create.考查动词。根据句意，在2013年，Ms.Singer决定尽可能少地__垃圾。结合空缺处，以c开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"制造"，用create.结合固定搭配decide to do sth表示"决定做某事"，所以用动词原形create.故答案为create。
（3）fresh.考查形容词。根据句意，她学到了如何在她公寓储存食物来让它保持__更长时间。结合空缺处，以f开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"新鲜的"，用fresh.故答案为fresh。
（4）reuse.考查动词。根据句意，她会__玻璃杯来买牛奶。结合空缺处，以r开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"重复使用"，用reuse.前面是would，所以用动词原形，用reuse.故答案为reuse。
（5）products.考查名词。根据句意，Ms.Singer 甚至开始发现如何制作她自己的清洁__，从牙膏到房子清洁器，从厕所用纸到洗衣粉。结合空缺处，以p开头，可知需要填入一个名词复数，表示"产品"，用products.故答案为products。
（6）hardly.考查副词。根据句意，逐渐地，Ms.Singer__制造任何不可循环的垃圾了。结合空缺处，以h开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"几乎不"，用hardly.故答案为hardly。
（7）stories.考查名词。根据句意，她和她的员工环球旅行分享她的__并介绍她的零垃圾生活方式。结合空缺处，以s开头，可知需要填入一个名词复数，表示"故事"，用stories.故答案为stories。
C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Alice picked a golden key from the table and put it in all the locks on the doors but it didn't open any of them. Then she discovered another door， a very small one. She put the key in the lock.It was exactly the right（1）s　ize　 ! She opened the door and looked through it. She saw a garden with brightly﹣coloured flowers and fountains.
"How beautiful!" she said. "I'd love to go there but I'm too big to get through the door."
She walked back to the table. There was a bottle on it now.
"I'm sure that bottle wasn't there before，" she said， feeling a little （2）c　onfused　.
She put down the key and picked up the bottle. She read the words"Drink Me" on it. Alice wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't drink it（3）i　mmediately　. First she looked at the bottle carefully. There wasn't a label on it that said"POISON" （毒药）.
So she put the bottle to her lips and drank.
"Mmm， it's nice，" she said. It tasted like pineapple， roast turkey and toast﹣ ﹣all the things that she liked to cat﹣ so she drank more. Soon the bottle was （4）e　mpty　.
"What a strange feeling，" she said， "I'm getting smaller and smaller." She was now as small as her cat Dinah.
"Good! I can go through the door into the garden，" she said. But when she got to the door， she didn't have the key! It was on the table. She couldn't get it（5）b　ecause　 she was too small now. She sat down and cried.
After a while she said，"Alice! Stop crying! Crying doesn't help!"
When she looked at the table again， she saw a glass box under it. She picked it up and opened it. There was a small cake inside. It had the words"（6）E　at　 me" on it. She put a small piece of it in her mouth.
"If I grow bigger I can reach the key，" she though，"And if I grow smaller I can go under the door."
But（7）n　othing　 happened as she finished it.
【解答】1. size ，考查名词。从前面知道，爱丽丝发现了另外一个门，可是门太小。从句子She put the key in the lock.It was exactly the right（1）s____ !中知道，爱丽丝把钥匙放进锁孔里面，那么应该是"正好的尺寸size"。故答案为size。
2. confused， 考查形容词。爱丽丝发现了一个瓶子，可是I'm sure that bottle wasn't there before（瓶子以前不是在那里的），所以她应该感到"很迷惑confused"。故答案为confused。
3. immediately， 考查副词。虽然She read the words"Drink Me" on it. 上面有写的"喝掉我"，可是Alice wasn't a stupid girl. （爱丽丝不是一个蠢女孩），所以她不会"马上immediately"去喝。故答案为immediately。
4. empty，考查形容词。从句子 so she drank more.（所以她喝得很多），那么瓶子马上就变得空了 Soon the bottle was （4）empty；故答案为empty。
5. because，考查连词。从句子She couldn't get it（5）b_____ she was too small now. 中我们知道，爱丽丝拿不到的原因（because）是她太小了。故答案为because。
6. Eat， 考查动词。从句子There was a small cake inside.可以知道，是一块小的蛋糕，那么上面写的字肯定是"吃eat"，又放在句子开头，要大写。故答案为Eat。
7. nothing，考查代词。因为这是不可能发生的事情，所以用nothing。故答案为nothing。
（2021 嘉定区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.She reached down to pick them up，and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with.It seemed i（1）　mpossible　 to clean them all up.
Du，12 years old at the time，tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first，by doing a little r（2）　esearch　.She conducted surveys and searched for information.That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem：a remote﹣operated vehicle （遥控潜水器） ﹣﹣ ROV，Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection （探测） system.She uses a c（3）　amera　 along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics through pictures.She also uses visible （可见的） light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it，" says engineer Casey Machado， "It sounds s（4）　imple　，but it's a level of thinking that's really difficult."
Do started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old，and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV.She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy.She f（5）　ailed　 many times，but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans，she said that she wanted to address the effects of climate （气候） change. "I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new i（6）　deas/ inventions　." says Du.
Du thanks her parents，who for years have taken her to student outreach activities，for supporting her interest in science，technology，engineering and math （STEM）.She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems，" says Du. "But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet."
L（7）　uckily　，she has plenty of time to figure that out at her age.
【解答】（1）impossible.考查形容词。根据上文" and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with"可知，她很快意识到塑料碎片太多，她无法收集起来。看起来没法把它们清理干净。impossible不可能的。故填impossible.
（2）research .考查名词。根据下文"She conducted surveys and searched for information"可知，她做了调查，搜集信息。故知本句说的是，那时只有12岁的安娜 杜决心要像任何优秀的科学家一样解决这个问题，首先做一向小型研究。research研究。故填research .
（3）camera.考查名词。根据上文"The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection （探测） system"可知，实际上杜的遥控潜水器的冷却部分是探测系统。她利用摄像头和三种不同的光源，通过图片来找到塑料。camera摄像机。故填 camera .
（4）simple .考查形容词。根据下文"but it's a level of thinking that's really difficult"可知，这看起来简单，但是这是一种非常难的思维水平。simple简单的。故填simple .
（5）failed .考查动词。根据下文" but she never gave up trying and testing"可知，她失败了很多次，但是他从不放弃尝试。此处填fail的过去式，表示过去发生的动作。故填failed .
（6）ideas/ inventions.考查名词。根据语境可知句意是，我认为有很多问题，这些问题可以用心观点（发明）来解决。此处用可数名词idea/ invention的复数，表示"观点（发明"这个整体。故填ideas/ inventions.
（7）Luckily.考查副词。根据语境可知句意是，幸运的是，在她这个年纪，她有很多时间来解决这个问题。luckily幸运的是。故填Luckily.
（2021 上海二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
Which is more important to our lives，the Internet or the washing machine？Many of us might answer， "The Internet!" The Internet helps us gather information.It allows us to see our friends in real time.
However，Ha﹣Joo﹣Chang，a professor at Cambridge University，doesn't a（1）　gree　.He believes the washing machine has changed the world more than the Internet.That sounds strange，but Change is not a（2）　lone　.Many experts have called the washing machine the greatest invention of the 20th century.Why？
Let's be h（3）　onest　：How many of us love to do the Laundry（洗衣服）？It seems the cycle of washing，drying and ironing never ends.It's so tiring and boring.
However，before the washing machine was invented，women often had to spend lots of time washing clothes.Many of them suffered from back p（4）　ain　
The washing machine freed women from the laundry.Many women found they had enough time to enter the labor market.As a result，the social status of women began to change.Today，most women can make an i（5）　ndependent　living.They don't have to rely on men any longer.To better understand the influence of washing machines，we can look at societies w（6）　ithout　 them.In many African countries，doing the laundry takes women six hours a day.Women there h（7）　ardly　 have time to work or start a business.It is difficult for them to find a way out of poverty Perhaps things will be a lot different if they have washing machines.
We often take the washing machine for granted.But these machines do play an important role in our lies.They have greatly changed the world.
【解答】（1）agree.考查动词。根据上文" Many of us might answer， ‘The Internet!'"可知，我们中很多人会回答"互联网"。但是剑桥大学的教授何竹昌并不同意这个观点。agree同意。故填agree.
（2）alone.考查形容词。根据下文"Many experts have called the washing machine the greatest invention of the 20th century"可知，这听起来很奇怪，但是并不是只有何竹昌持有这种观点。很多专家把洗衣机叫做20世纪的最伟大发明。alone单独的。故填alone.
（3）honest.考查形容词。根据语境可知句意是，让我们说实话：我们中有多少人喜欢洗衣服？honest诚实的。故填honest.
（4）pain.考查名词。根据上文"However，before the washing machine was invented，women often had to spend lots of time washing clothes"可知，在洗衣机发明之前，妇女常常必须花费很多时间洗衣服。她们中很多人患背疼。back pain背疼。故填pain.
（5）independent.考查形容词。根据上文"Many women found they had enough time to enter the labor market"可知，很多妇女发现她们有足够时间进入劳动市场。今天，大部分妇女可以独立生活。independent独立的。故填independent.
（6）without.考查介词。根据下文" In many African countries，doing the laundry takes women six hours a day"可知，在很多非洲国家，洗衣服每天占用妇女6小时。故知本句说的是，为了更好地理解洗衣机的影响，我们可以看看没有它们（洗衣机）的社会。without没有。故填without.
（7）hardly.考查副词。根据上文" In many African countries，doing the laundry takes women six hours a day"可知，在很多非洲国家，洗衣服每天占用妇女6小时。那里的父母几乎没有时间工作或做生意。hardly几乎不。故填hardly.
（2021 长宁区二模）Impatient people are often seen as proud and self﹣important.Being impatient can affect your relationships at work and at home negatively（有害地）.People will sense anger from you and not like（1）d 　ealing　 with you if you are impatient.They might even come to avoid you completely.
Impatient people are often seen as making quick decisions as they don't let people communicate fully or find out all the facts first.When you notice you are impatient，you can find some ways to overcome them.Here are two ways that may help you.
Because impatient people are often （2）b 　usy　and hate to waste time，they sometimes don't leave extra time for small mistakes.This means that，if they need to be somewhere，they are always doing other tasks （3）t 　ill　the last minute.They don't leave extra time in case a bus is late，they can't find their car keys or some other （4）p 　roblems　appear.When you need to get somewhere，especially if it is somewhere important，give yourself some extra time.If you arrive early，you can relax or do something then.
Be prepared.If being hungry gets you impatient，keep a health bar with you at all times.If you hate sitting around waiting，see to some business on your phone or keep a book to read handy at all times.If you know that you might be （5）s 　truck　in traffic or wait at the airport，think about what you might need to pass the time.A game might be helpful or even something as （6）s 　imple　as a pen and paper to write a letter.
Sometimes patience is about changing our attitude to our place in the world.Don't believe that your time is more important than （7）a 　nyone　else's.You can learn you control the emotions you feel when you are impatient and so become a person who is both easier to get on with and enjoys life more.
【解答】（1）dealing.考查动词。句意：如果你没有耐心，人们会感觉到你的愤怒，不喜欢和你打交道。deal with"处理，应付"，like这里是介词后面应接动名词，故填dealing。
（2）busy.考查形容词。句意：因为没有耐心的人通常都很忙，讨厌浪费时间，他们有时不会为小错误留出额外的时间。busy"忙碌的"，故填busy。
（3）till.考查介词。句意：这意味着，如果他们需要待在某个地方，他们总是在做其他任务，直到最后一刻。till"直到"，故填till。
（4）problems.考查名词。句意：他们不会留下额外的时间，以防公交车晚点，他们找不到自己的车钥匙或出现其他一些问题。problem"问题"，根据some other可知应用复数形式，故填problems。
（5）stuck.考查动词。句意：如果你知道你可能会遇到交通堵塞或在机场等待，想想你可能需要用什么来打发时间。be stuck in"被困于，陷于"，故填stuck。
（6）simple.考查形容词。句意：游戏可能会有帮助，甚至是像笔和纸这样简单的东西来写一封信。simple"简单的"，故填simple。
（7）anyone.考查代词。句意：不要认为自己的时间比别人的重要。anyone else"其他人，别人"，故填anyone。
（2021 浦东新区模拟）Fill in the blank with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
Darius and Johntel have a lot in common.They both like basketball and are both captains of their school teams.Last month，they played a basketball game.Just hours b（1）　efore　the match Johntel's mother lost her battle with cancer （癌症）suddenly.Johntel's coach wanted to call off the game.But Johntel suggested the game should be played，so with h（2）　eavy　 hearts his teammates prepared to play.
What they weren't prepared for was Johntel's appearance in the gym.The moment they saw him，the players and f（3）　amilies　came to offer him love and support.Johntel wanted to play.Of course his teammates were happy to have him.But Johntel wasn't on the pre﹣game list.If they put him in the game，they would r（4）　eceive　a technical foul（技术犯规） and the other team would get two free throws.Johntel's coach accepted that and encouraged Johntel to play.He could see that this was the boy's w（5）　ay　of dealing with his pain﹣﹣the point was not important.
The other team told the referees（裁判）to let Johntel play and forget the rule，but the referees said that a rule is a rule.Then Darius volunteered to take the free throws.He just shot the ball carelessly t（6）　wice　.It meant he gave up two points.All the people were moved by his behavior. "I did it for the guy who lost his mom. " Darius said after the game. "It was the right thing to do."
Johntel's team got a 15﹣point v（7）　ictory　at last.But the players of the two teams won the same cheering. "This is an unforgettable experience for these kids. " Darius's coach said.
【解答】（1）before.考查副词。结合句意，就在比赛_____几个小时约翰特尔的妈妈突然因为癌症去世了，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为之前，故答案为before。
（2）heavy.考查形容词。根据Just hours b（1）efore the match Johntel's mother lost her battle with cancer （癌症）suddenly.可知就在比赛前几个小时约翰特尔的妈妈突然因为癌症去世了，因此判断队员们怀着沉重的心情准备比赛，因此判断空格处词义为沉重的，故答案为heavy。
（3）families.考查可数名词复数。结合句意，看到他的那一刻，队员们和______来为他提供爱和支持，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为家人，故答案为families.
（4）receive.考查动词原形。would后跟动词原形，结合上文，But Johntel wasn't on the pre﹣game list.但是约翰特尔并没有出现在赛前的名单上。因此判断如果把他放入比赛中，他们将会收到技术犯规，因此判断空格处词义为收到，故答案为receive.
（5）way.考查名词。结合上文，Johntel's coach accepted that and encouraged Johntel to play.可知教练接受了并且鼓励他去比赛，因此判断他认为这可能是男孩处理伤痛的方法，因此判断空格处词义为方法，故答案为way。
（6）twice.考查频度副词。结合下文，It meant he gave up two points.可知它意味着他放弃了两分，因此判断他失误了两次，故答案为twice。
（7）victory.考查名词。结合句意，最终约翰特尔的队获得了15分的_____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为胜利，故答案为victory.
（2021 徐汇区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Hundreds of thousands of people often see their faces on the TV screen. They may be speaking
"live" from the scene of an earthquake or interviewing a famous person. They look confident as they present stories or give regular updates on an important news event. They are TV reporters.
To many of us， TV reporters seem to have an（1）e　xciting　job. After all， they will be among the first to know about major local and world events and they often get to watch these events happen right before their eyes. They（2）e　asily　 have many opportunities to meet well﹣known people and top leaders.
Actually， reporters not only have to put in a lot of hard work， they must also develop different skills and have the right personality for the job.
TV reporters must tell an interesting story so that people will want to watch and pay attention to it. To get the news to their viewers as quickly as possible， TV reporters have to work long and irregular hours. They often work nights， weekends， and （3）h　olidays　一 when people in most other jobs are taking their days off. Reporters must always be ready to get to work right away. During sudden news event， TV reporters may have to put down some notes and start reporting（4）i　mmediately　. In such a situation， they may not have the time to get back to the TV station and write down their story.Sometimes， a reporter has to （5）c　ancel　 a news story that he has been working on because another news story may seem more important.
When TV reporters study for their job， they have to learn to write news stories that go with the video the cameraman has shot. Writing for TV is very different from writing an （6）o　rdinary　report.
In order to attract their viewers， they must learn to dress professionally and smartly. TV reporters must speak clearly and appear relaxed. They must learn to look into the camera and smile.Besides， a TV reporter's （7）v　oice　 is key to his or her success on the job. When training for the job，students learn to speak at the right volume to deliver their news story in such a way as to keep their viewers interested.
【解答】（1）exciting考查形容词；根据语境"对很多人来说。电视台记者似乎做着令人激动的工作。毕竟，他们能第一个知道当地和世界发生的主要大事，能亲眼看到这些大事件发生。"，句中缺少一个形容词修饰名词job；能第一时间亲眼看到国内、国际的大事发生是"令人激动的"，故答案是exciting。
（2）easily考查副词；根据语境"他们容易有更多机会见到名人和最高领导者"，副词修饰动词have，"容易拥有"，故答案是easily。
（3）holidays考查名词；根据语境"他们经常在晚上、周末和假期﹣﹣此时大多数职业的人们正在放假﹣﹣的时候工作。"空格后有days off，放假；句中and连接三个复数名词表示并列，故答案是holidays。
（4）immediately考查副词；根据语境"突发新闻时，记者不得不记下一些笔记，然后马上开始报道"，突发新闻时需要"马上"进行报道，副词修饰动词reporting，故答案是immediately。
（5）cancel考查动词；根据语境"有时，记者不得不取消他正做着的新闻故事，因为有别的更重要的新闻"，have to do sth.，不得不做某事；has to后加动词原形，根据句意可用cancel取消，故答案是cancel。
（6）ordinary考查形容词；根据语境"为电视台写报道和一般的报道不同。"，空格处缺少一个形容词修饰名词report，表示"一个……的报道"；根据句意可用ordinary普通的，一般的，故答案是ordinary。
（7）voice考查名词；根据语境"除此之外，记者的声音也是这个职业成功的关键。做职业训练时，学生学习用正确的音量报道他们的新闻故事，通过这样的方式保持观众的兴趣"，reporter's名词所有格，后加名词；后文中的 right volume正确的音量与声音有关，故答案是voice．
（2021 虹口区二模）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
With equal opportunities，women are able to choose their own ideal jobs.If a 9 to 5 office job isn't your style，consider the following （1）f 　our　fun jobs available.
Wedding（婚礼）planner
While some women dream of their wedding day，others grow up to be wedding planners. （2）B 　usiness　 chances are available，as more than 2 million weddings take place in the United States each year with an （3）a 　verage　 spend of more than ＄1，000 per wedding for a wedding planner.
Disney character
Imagine being paid to be a princess.For many women working at the Disney resorts，that is（4）e 　xactly　 what they do.The Walt Disney Company wants look﹣alikes to play the role of Disney characters，like Cinderella，at its Disneyland and Disney World resorts.
Personal shopper
If you love to shop，particularly when you are spending someone else's money，then you should consider （5）b 　eing　 a personal shopper.Personal shoppers meet their customers' （6）n 　eeds　，lifestyles，likes and dislikes and then put that knowledge to use by buying their clothing and accessories.Although the job does have a few drawbacks （ 缺 点 ） ，like fussy customers， says that "mostly，it's a pretty good time."
Doggy daycare
Women who love （7）a 　nimals　might think about opening a doggy daycare center.You can spend your days playing with dogs，before sending them home at the end of the day.
【解答】（1）four．考查数词。根据句意"如果一份朝九晚五的办公室工作不是你的风格，考虑以下_____有趣的工作"，由首字母f可推出此处用数词four，表示"四个"。故答案为four。
（2）Business．考查名词。根据句意"可以获得一些______机会"，由首字母B可推出此处用名词Business，表示"商业"。故答案为Business。
（3）average．考查形容词。根据句意"美国每年有200多万场婚礼举行，每场婚礼为婚礼策划人______花费超过1000美元"，由首字母a可推出此处用词average，表示"平均的"。故答案为average。
（4）exactly．考查副词。根据句意"对许多在迪斯尼乐园工作的女性来说，这_____是她们的工作"，由空前的is，结合首字母e可推出此处用副词exactly，表示"的确"。故答案为exactly。
（5）being．考查动词。根据句意"如果你喜欢购物，尤其是当你在花别人的钱时，那么你应该考虑_____一个代人购物者"，由首字母b可推出此处用be动词，表示"成为"。由固定搭配consider doing sth.考虑此处填动词﹣ing形式，故答案为being。
（6）needs．考查名词。根据句意"代人购物者满足顾客的_____、生活方式、好恶"，由首字母n可推出此处用词need，表示"需求"，属于可数名词，考虑此处填复数形式。故答案为needs。
（7）animals．考查名词。根据句意"喜欢_____的女人可能会考虑开一个狗狗日托中心"，由首字母a可推出此处用名词animal，表示"动物"，属于可数名词，考虑此处填复数形式。故答案为animals。
（2021 金山区二模）On my father's birthday， my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightly lit and very noisy， with lots of diners. Waiters move （1）b　usily　 between the tables.
We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant（2）s　topped　for a moment， and then everybody started talking together.'What's happened to the lights？' 'Ooh， it's a blackout!'
Some people laughed， and other seemed a little （3）w　orried　.
Then the restaurant manager came in， holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners，'Ladies and gentlemen， I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighbourhood， and we don't know when it will be restored. Please be （4）p　atient　. Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.'
The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables. One of the diners asked，‘What about our meals？'
'Don't worry， sir，' replied the manager.'Fortunately， we use gas in our kitchen， not （5）e　lectricity　， so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again， ladies and gentlemen， I（6）a　pologize　.'
My father said to me，'let's go out the street and take a look.'
He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough， it was in total darkness.
We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by the candlelight.
The waiter brought our meals and we started e

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