专题02-介词与语法填空 2023年高考英语一轮复习学案(原卷+解析卷)

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专题02-介词与语法填空 2023年高考英语一轮复习学案(原卷+解析卷)

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专题02 介词(解析版)
【命题趋势】
1. 高考对介词(短语)及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。
2. 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
3. 语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词,设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
【名师指导】
介词(短语)和动词短语解题技巧:
1. 分析具体语境,注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词,要仔细分析,正确理解,弄清命题意图,填出正确答案。
2. 积累介词用法,注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,其搭配灵活,意义丰富,为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法,一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时,要注意整理、积累,逐一学会每个介词的主要用法,弄清易混介词用法的异同,根据语境灵活选用介词。
3. 体会英语本义,注意固定搭配
复习时,要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的,选择时要从英语本义上考虑,不能看其汉语表面意思。
4. 分类归纳短语,构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时,一方面要揣测命题人的意图,分析句子结构,正确理解句子的意思;另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思,并且能区别相似词组的意思,从而填出答案。
【重要考向】
一、易混的介词;
二、常见的复合介词;
三、和介词有关的固定搭配;
易混的介词
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【常用介词区别】
表示时间的in,on,at at表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关
表示时间的since,from since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始
表示时间的in,after in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的on,in on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
表示“穿过”的through,across through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
表示“用”的in,with和by with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as与like的区别 as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别 in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
表示“除……之外”的介词 besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as
表示原因的介词 for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
专题5 常用介词短语
at at lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at school在上学;at peace在和平时期;at first=at the beginning初期;at the beginning of在……的初始阶段;at the end of...在……结束时
in in a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位置;in practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外
on on behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the contrary相反
under under control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development在发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中
for for lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于
by by chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止
out of out of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可能;out of question毫无疑问
of+抽象名词 of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;of interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficial
to+one’s+情感名词 amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶)
【易混的介词提分秘籍】
1.over,above,on,beyond表示“在……上”
(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”,其反义词是under;over还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。如:
①He held a large umbrella over the girl.
他给女孩打着一把大伞。
②He put his hand over her mouth to stop her screaming.
他伸手捂住她的嘴,不让她叫喊。
over还可表示“超过”,多用于年龄、时间、距离。如:
She stayed in London over a month.
她在伦敦呆了一个多月。
还可表示“在……期间”,相当于during,while doing。
①The English language has changed over hundreds of years.
英语发生变化有几百年了。
②They were having a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.
他们边喝咖啡边愉快地聊天。
(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”,只说明物体间的上下关系,可能垂直,也可能不垂直。如:
A fly was flying above the table.一只苍蝇正在餐桌上飞。
另外,above还可指在数量、重量、价格、费用等方面超过或高于规定的数量或一般标准。如:
The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.
书架应离地面六英尺。
(3)on一般表示“在……上面”,通常指与物体的表面有接触。
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。
当表示“陷入其中”时,我们也要用介词in,尽管汉语表示“在……上”。如:
①There is a window in the wall.墙上有扇窗户。
②There is a well in the ground.地上有口井。
(4)beyond一般指超过界限、范围、限度等。如:
①I’m curious to know what there is beyond the sea.
我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。
②Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.
我不能理解他为什么做这件事。
③The situation was getting beyond his control.
他无法控制局势。
2.across,through,over,past都可表示“通过”
(1)across指在某一空间内从一端到另一端的表面穿过。如:
①They sailed across the ocean.他们扬帆横渡大洋。
②A plane flew across the sky.一架飞机从空中飞过。
(2)through指从人群或物体中间穿过,也可用于抽象意义上的通过:如:
Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.
禁止汽车在市中心穿行。
(3)over是相对于位置的高低而言,强调“翻越”,也常表示跨过一段距离。如:
The man jumped over the wall and disappeared among the crowd.
那人翻过墙消失在人群中。
(4)past表示“从……旁经过”,表示动作发生在某物旁边。如:
We walked past the shop this afternoon.
我们今天下午路过那家商店。
3.at,in,on均可表示时间
(1)表示确切的时间用at,在非正式英语里,在(at)what time这一短语以及用于句首的其他表示时间的短语中,通常可以省略at。
(2)表示一天的上午、下午、晚上用in,即:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening,但也有at night(在夜里),at dawn(在黎明),at noon(在中午),at midnight(在午夜)。如专指某一天的上(下)午、晚上,或要对某一天上(下)午、晚上加以描述,就用on,而不用in。如:on the evening of May 1(在5月1日的晚上)。
(3)谈到具体的某一天,用on,在星期几前面,on可以省略(尤其在美语中)。如:
①I met him on a cold day.xk/w
我在一个寒冷的日子里见到了他。
②I’m seeing her(on)Sunday morning.
星期天上午我要和她见面。
(4)周末和节日
表示周末用at the weekend(英)或on the weekend(美);泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时,都用at。但如果说假日中的某一天,就要用on。如:on Easter Monday复活节后的星期一。
(5)说到星期、月、季、年、世纪等较长时间时,要用in。如:in a week在一周内;in May在五月;in 2004在2004年;in the 18th century在18世纪;in the fall/autumn在秋天。
4.by,with,in,through都可表示“工具、手段和方法”
(1)by表示“乘……(交通工具)”,也指“通过……(方法)”。表示方式,指抽象的或无形的手段时,其宾语一般是抽象名词或动名词;指具体的手段时,其宾语通常是表示身体某个部位、交通工具或通讯工具等的名词,且名词前不用冠词。如:
①You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.
把鸡蛋与面粉混合,你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②Can I reach you by telephone
我可以用电话和你联系吗?
(2)with表示“用……工具/手段”,一般接具体的手段或工具,不能接动名词。如:
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
(3)in表示用的方法、工具、材料等。如:
①Please write in ink,not in pencil.
请用墨水写,不要用铅笔写。
②I paid the bill in cash.我用现金付账。
表示“用容器(之类的工具)”时,用in。如:
They carried earth in basket.
他们用篮子提土。
(4)through表示“通过……途径/方式/方法”,一般是指具体的或有形的手段,其宾语往往是具体的人或事物。如:
①We arranged our holiday through an agent.
我们通过一个经纪人来安排我们的假日。
②He got the chance through being a scientist.
由于是个科学家,他得到了这次机会。
5.to,at,for,toward(s)都表示方向,“到……,向……,朝……”
(1)toward(s)强调动作的方向;to则兼指“到达”的含义,强调结果。如:
①I saw her walking toward (s) the cinema.
我见她朝电影院走去。
②I saw her walking to the cinema.
我见她正朝电影院走去。
(2)for常用在leave,start,set out,set off,head,sail的后面,表示要去的目的地。如:
They are leaving for New York next week.
他们下周去纽约。
(3)at常和throw,shout,shoot等动词连用,表示目标。常常含有仇恨的感彩。而to与这些词连用时,仅仅表示方向。如:
①It’s not polite to shout at people.
朝人大声喊叫是不礼貌的。
②When I came to the dog,it came at me,I rushed away with fear.
当我走向这条狗时,它向我扑来,我吓得拔腿就跑。
6.besides,except,except for,but都可表示“除……之外”
(1)besides与except
besides表示“除了……之外(尚有)(宾语包括在内)”,表示肯定;另外,它还可以作副词,有“再说”的意思,表示语气的递进。except表示“除了……之外(宾语不包括在内)”,含有否定含义。如:
①There are four persons besides Tom to do the work,the four of whom are expert at it.
算汤姆在内有四个人做这项工作。他们四个在这方面都在行。
②There are four persons except Tom to do the work,four of whom are expert at it.
不算汤姆,他们有四个人做这个工作。他们当中的四个在这方面都在行。
③Who else do you need to help you besides me
除了我以外,你还需要谁帮忙?
④Sorry,I can’t go with you tonight.It’s dark,besides, it’s raining heavily.
对不起,我今晚不能和你一起去。天很黑,再说,还下着大雨。
(2)except,except for与except that clause
它们都有“除了……”的意思,区别在于:
except前后陈述的是同一类的东西。
except for前后所陈述的不属同类,表示引述一个相反细节,对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用,except for后接名词和代词。
except that clause也是表示引述一个相反细节,对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用,后接宾语从句(注意宾语从句的连接词的正确使用)。如:
①There is nothing except a desk in the classroom.
教室里只有一张课桌。(desk和nothing属于同一类)
②We enjoyed the party except for the loud music.
除了音乐嘈杂了点,我们在聚会上玩得很开心。(the loud music和the party不属于同类)
③Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.=Your composition is good except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了几个拼写错误之外,你的作文很好。
④He goes to the library every day except when he is not well.
他除了身体不舒服以外,每天都去图书馆。
(3)but作为介词和except同义,通常用在no以及由no组成的合成词或表示否定意义的词后面,而except不受此限制。如:
①Nobody else but/except me could solve the word puzzle.
除了我,谁都不会解这个字谜。
②I had no choice but to wait.
我除了等待之外别无选择。
(4)but for表示“要不是……”,用于虚拟语气。except for只起修正作用。如:
But for your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too much.
要不是你及时的帮助,我就不能按时完成这项工作。我对你感激不尽。
7.due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
这几个短语都可以作“由于,因为”解,是表原因的介词短语。
(1)due to...有三个用法:作定语、表语和状语;作状语时可放在句首或句尾。如:
①The mistake due to carelessness is serious.
由于粗心大意所造成的这个错误是严重的。
②Due to driving at high speed the accidents were common.
由于高速驾驶,交通事故很常见。
③His illness is due to bad food.
他生病的原因是吃了劣质食物。
(2)owing to...可作状语、定语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,一般应和句子的其他成分隔开,可放在句首、句中或句尾。如:
①The service is poor owing to a shortage of staff.
服务之所以差是因为工作人员不足。
②She is now, owing to bad health, not so active in the activity.
由于身体不好,她现在在活动中表现得没有那么活跃了。
(3)on account of...可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰全句,应和句子的其他成分隔开,但有时也可不隔开。如:
①He resigned on account of age.
他由于年迈而辞职。
②That was on account of lack of experience.
那是由于缺乏经验所致。
(4)thanks to...只作状语,比较正式,有感谢的含义,作“多亏”解,但有时也含有贬义。如:
Thanks to your help, we were successful.
多亏你的帮助,我们才得以成功。
常见的复合介词
【典例】
【2022全国甲卷】
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案: from
解析:考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【常见的复合介词提分秘籍】
according to根据,按照,取决于
as a result of由于……的结果
as far as就……而论
at the mercy of受……支配
at the sight of一看到
by means of用,依靠,借助于
by way of取道于……;途经(=via)
by the way of用……的方法
because of因为,由于
due to因为
in addition to除了……之外(还有)
in advance of在……前面;比……先进
in celebration of为庆祝……
in case of假设,万一
in search of寻求;试图发现
in place of代替
in need of需要
in charge of对……负责;主管
in the charge of由……负责(表被动意义)
in spite of尽管;即使;虽然;不管
in time of在……时刻
in a state of处于……状况中
in course of在进行中
in the course of在……期间
in favour of赞同;有利于
in honor of向……表示敬意,为纪念……
in memory of为纪念……
instead of代替;而不是
on account of因为;由于
owing to因为
thanks to因为;多亏
under the name of以……的名义
under the condition that在……条件下
under the control of在……支配下
with no relation to与……无关
with the view of为了;以……为目的
within the reach of在……力所能及的范围内
和介词有关的固定搭配
【典例】
【2022年新高考1卷】
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案: as
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
【和介词有关的固定搭配提分秘籍】
1.名词与介词的固定搭配
要求用to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction
要求用in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert
要求用on的名词:mercy,congratulation
要求用其他介词的名词:prize(for),respect(for),victory(over),struggle(with)
2.形容词与介词的固定搭配
要求用at的形容词:angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened
要求用of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy
要求用with的形容词:angry,strict,busy,popular
要求用in的形容词:weak,strict,rich, interested,successful,slow xk.w
要求用to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due
要求用for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry
要求用from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired
要求用about的形容词:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain
(2022年新高考1卷)
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案: as
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
(2022全国甲卷)
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案: from
解析:考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
(2022全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案: by
解析:考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间,故填 in。
(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意:……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。
(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:研究发现1985-2017年间,男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少,故答案为by。
(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
In 1844 they bought it 2 $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。buy sth. for +价格,表示以什么价格购买某物。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)
The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
(2020·山东卷语法填空)
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
(2020·山东卷语法填空)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56. ,through agriculture.56.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。
(2019·北京卷·语法填空)
Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
(2022·广东广州·一模)
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favorite part of being alive.
【解析】考查介词。句意:对露西来说,没有什么比旅行更好的了,她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe as为固定搭配,意为“把……描述为”。故填 as。
(2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模)
Studies have shown that students who use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their scores____7____as much as 15 percent.
【解析】考查介词。句意:研究表明,在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们的分数提高了15%。此处表示“提高了”,应用介词by。故填by。
(2022·云南·一模)
It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country ___15___ a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning their dream into reality.
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国家”,而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。固定搭配change from...to... (从……变成……)。故填to。
(2022·陕西省榆林中学二模)
____23____ other words, just “lie flat”.
【解析】考查介词。句意:换句话说,就是“躺平”。根据固定搭配“in other words” 意为“换句话说”,所以这里应填介词in;又因放在句首,所以首字母要大写。故填In。
(2022·河南·模拟预测)
Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the freezing air temperature.
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:水雾被喷射到空气中,然后在极冷的气温下结晶成雪。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“spray into…”,意为“喷入……”,空格处应用介词“into”。故填into。
(2022·重庆·一模)
It began on January 19 and finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意:从1月19日开始,到1月20日凌晨结束。on +具体时间,the early morning of January 20是具体时间,用介词on。故填on。
(2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T5)
Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___5___ 2050.
【答案】by
【解析】
考查介词。句意:科学家们表示,到2050年,全球将再生产26.5万亿磅。此处表示“到……之前”应用介词by,故填by。
(2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T8)
After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___8___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out.
【答案】about
【解析】
考查介词。句意:针灸医生量了量我的脉搏,看了看我的舌头,问了几个关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题,然后正确地推断出我疲惫不堪。此处是指关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题,应用介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
(2021 珠海市二模 语法填空 T9)
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar ____9____ those of other cultures along the Yangtze River.
【答案】to
【解析】
考查介词。句意:对这些文物的元素分析表明,它们的来源与长江沿岸的其他文化相似。固定短语:be similar to“与……相似”。故填to。
(2021 肇庆市三模 语法填空 T2)
Changes to water resources can have a big impact ____2____ people's lives.
【答案】on/upon
【解析】
考查介词。句意:水资源的变化会对人们的生活产生很大的影响。结合句意表示“对……有很大影响”可知短语为have a big impact on/upon。故填on/upon。
(2021 漳州一中新高考模拟 语法填空 T10)
The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named ___10___ him.
【答案】after
【解析】
考查固定短语搭配。name after…. 意为“以…命名”。句意:10930号小行星(1998年CR2号)就是以他的名字命名的。故填after。
(2021 玉林市一模 语法填空 T8)
Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ____8____ they think they are
【答案】as
【解析】
考查连词。句意:是外国人不懂英式幽默,还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣?根据 just not so funny 和they think they are可知此处要用连词,as“正如”,短语so...as...“如此…正如…”。故填as。
(2021 玉林市一模 语法填空 T10)
“Accusing the British ____10____ having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-market.”
【答案】as
【解析】
考查介词。句意:“指责英国人没有幽默感,就像告诉劳斯莱斯它的汽车是低端市场。”短语accuse sb. of sth.“指责某人某事,因某事控告某人”,是固定搭配。故填of。
(2021 永春县第三次联考 语法填空 T7)
“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine ____7____ the cause of human health and shows China’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
【答案】to
【解析】
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考查介词。固定搭配:contribute to sth. “对某事的贡献”,故填to。
【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】
It's not actually just for grandparents, but it's also to give grandparents an opportunity to show love ______ their children's children.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:这不仅仅是为了祖父母,也是为了给祖父母一个向他们孩子的孩子表达爱的机会。show love to/for sb.为固定用法,意为“表达对某人的爱”。故填to/for。
【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】
We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. ______ the bicycle, much of the world might stop working!
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:如果没有自行车,世界上很多地方可能会停止工作!根据句意可知,句子陈述的是“没有”自行车的情况下会发生什么,故空格处应用without,意为“没有”,介词词性,句首单词首字母大写。故填Without。
【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
The ride lasts several minutes. It travels from the security area to the boarding gate______ a speed of 3. 5 kilometers per hour.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:它以每小时3.5公里的速度从安检区到达登机口。at a speed of...表示“以……的速度”,故填at。
【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
This results in the accidental entry ______ foreign objects.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:这就导致了异物的意外进入。名词“entry”与“foreign objects”构成所属关系,应用介词of构成无生命名词所有格。故填of。
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding regular laughter to people’s lives would improve their well-being, Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves______ the exercises.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:……卡塔里亚博士还在练习中引入了深呼吸和简单的瑜伽动作。introduce…into…“把……引进……”为动词固定短语,故填into。
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
On canvas (画布),its effect is close ______ the art of Chinese calligraphy.
【参考答案】
考查固定短语。句意:在画布上,其效果接近中国书法艺术。be close to“靠近;接近”,固定短语。故填to。
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression______ the students.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:值得注意的是,一个社区遭受了这么大的灾难后仍然能够恢复,这给学生们留下了最深刻的印象。结合句意表示“给……留下深刻印象”短语为leave an impression on sb.故填on。
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
A top official told Xinhua. “______ (give) the difficulties experienced this year, the progress being made by Beijing 2022 has been unusual.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:考虑到今年经历的困难,北京2022年冬奥会取得的进展是不寻常的。过去分词活用成介词,介宾短语做状语,given 考虑到。故填Given。
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
It began ______a sport enjoyed mainly by very rich people.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:它最初作为一种被富人所喜欢的运动而开始。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处用介词as“作为”符合语境。故填as。
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
So trying to build close connections______a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事情).
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:因此,尝试与一些人建立亲密关系应该是优先考虑的事情。此处表示“和……的联系”,应用介词with。故填with。
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease ______ their bodies with their meals.
【参考答案】
考查固定短语。第二种理论是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入了体内。absorb...into...“将……吸收进……”,为固定短语。
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:熊小姐从6岁开始学习钢琴,她说她的偶像是贝多芬,贝多芬后来完全失聪,他们的身体挑战让他们两人通过音乐与外部世界建立了联系。此处是指通过音乐让他们和外部世界建立了联系。所以应用介词through(通过)。故填through。
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks ______ works of art.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:随着其声名鹊起,许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品,其中包括罗马尼亚首都。结合句意表示“将……改造成……”短语为transform sth. into…。故填into。
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
If a woman is ______ 40, or even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her thirties, her birthday will be the 29th.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:如果一个女人超过40岁,或者即使她80岁了,她的生日总是39岁。根据“or even if she is 80”可知此处表示“超过……岁”,用介词over表示“在……之上”,故填over。
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意同上,上一句说她二十多岁,会说自己19岁,这说明真正的生日通常是在20岁以下,此处用介词below表示“在……以下”,故填below。
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
When we look up ______ the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and occasionally a distant planet.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意:当我们仰望夜空时,我们会看到星星。固定短语look up at/into/to“抬头看,仰望”。故填at / into / to。
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
Elephants are not fans of strangers. However ,Chen and his colleagues can take only three days ______ every month.
【参考答案】
考查介词。句意同上。固定短语: take three days off意为“休假三天”,故填off。
【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
While it’s wonderful for people who want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms ______ funding.
【参考答案】
考查固定搭配。固定搭配in terms of(就……而言)。故填of。中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题02 介词(原卷版)
【命题趋势】
1. 高考对介词(短语)及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。
2. 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
3. 语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词,设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
【名师指导】
介词(短语)和动词短语解题技巧:
1. 分析具体语境,注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词,要仔细分析,正确理解,弄清命题意图,填出正确答案。
2. 积累介词用法,注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,其搭配灵活,意义丰富,为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法,一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时,要注意整理、积累,逐一学会每个介词的主要用法,弄清易混介词用法的异同,根据语境灵活选用介词。
3. 体会英语本义,注意固定搭配
复习时,要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的,选择时要从英语本义上考虑,不能看其汉语表面意思。
4. 分类归纳短语,构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时,一方面要揣测命题人的意图,分析句子结构,正确理解句子的意思;另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思,并且能区别相似词组的意思,从而填出答案。
【重要考向】
一、易混的介词;
二、常见的复合介词;
三、和介词有关的固定搭配;
易混的介词
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【常用介词区别1】
表示时间的in,on,at at表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关
表示时间的since,from since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始
表示时间的in,after in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的on,in on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
表示“穿过”的through,across through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
表示“用”的in,with和by with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as与like的区别 as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别 in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
表示“除……之外”的介词 besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as
表示原因的介词 for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
常用介词短语
at at lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at school在上学;at peace在和平时期;at first=at the beginning初期;at the beginning of在……的初始阶段;at the end of...在……结束时
in in a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位置;in practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外
on on behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the contrary相反
under under control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development在发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中
for for lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于
by by chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止
out of out of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可能;out of question毫无疑问
of+抽象名词 of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;of interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficial
to+one’s+情感名词 amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶)
【易混的介词提分秘籍】
1.over,above,on,beyond表示“在……上”
(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”,其反义词是under;over还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。如:
①He held a large umbrella over the girl.
他给女孩打着一把大伞。
②He put his hand over her mouth to stop her screaming.
他伸手捂住她的嘴,不让她叫喊。
over还可表示“超过”,多用于年龄、时间、距离。如:
She stayed in London over a month.
她在伦敦呆了一个多月。
还可表示“在……期间”,相当于during,while doing。
①The English language has changed over hundreds of years.
英语发生变化有几百年了。
②They were having a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.
他们边喝咖啡边愉快地聊天。
(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”,只说明物体间的上下关系,可能垂直,也可能不垂直。如:
A fly was flying above the table.一只苍蝇正在餐桌上飞。
另外,above还可指在数量、重量、价格、费用等方面超过或高于规定的数量或一般标准。如:
The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.
书架应离地面六英尺。
(3)on一般表示“在……上面”,通常指与物体的表面有接触。
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。
当表示“陷入其中”时,我们也要用介词in,尽管汉语表示“在……上”。如:
①There is a window in the wall.墙上有扇窗户。
②There is a well in the ground.地上有口井。
(4)beyond一般指超过界限、范围、限度等。如:
①I’m curious to know what there is beyond the sea.
我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。
②Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.
我不能理解他为什么做这件事。
③The situation was getting beyond his control.
他无法控制局势。
2.across,through,over,past都可表示“通过”
(1)across指在某一空间内从一端到另一端的表面穿过。如:
①They sailed across the ocean.他们扬帆横渡大洋。
②A plane flew across the sky.一架飞机从空中飞过。
(2)through指从人群或物体中间穿过,也可用于抽象意义上的通过:如:
Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.
禁止汽车在市中心穿行。
(3)over是相对于位置的高低而言,强调“翻越”,也常表示跨过一段距离。如:
The man jumped over the wall and disappeared among the crowd.
那人翻过墙消失在人群中。
(4)past表示“从……旁经过”,表示动作发生在某物旁边。如:
We walked past the shop this afternoon.
我们今天下午路过那家商店。
3.at,in,on均可表示时间
(1)表示确切的时间用at,在非正式英语里,在(at)what time这一短语以及用于句首的其他表示时间的短语中,通常可以省略at。
(2)表示一天的上午、下午、晚上用in,即:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening,但也有at night(在夜里),at dawn(在黎明),at noon(在中午),at midnight(在午夜)。如专指某一天的上(下)午、晚上,或要对某一天上(下)午、晚上加以描述,就用on,而不用in。如:on the evening of May 1(在5月1日的晚上)。
(3)谈到具体的某一天,用on,在星期几前面,on可以省略(尤其在美语中)。如:
①I met him on a cold day.xk/w
我在一个寒冷的日子里见到了他。
②I’m seeing her(on)Sunday morning.
星期天上午我要和她见面。
(4)周末和节日
表示周末用at the weekend(英)或on the weekend(美);泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时,都用at。但如果说假日中的某一天,就要用on。如:on Easter Monday复活节后的星期一。
(5)说到星期、月、季、年、世纪等较长时间时,要用in。如:in a week在一周内;in May在五月;in 2004在2004年;in the 18th century在18世纪;in the fall/autumn在秋天。
4.by,with,in,through都可表示“工具、手段和方法”
(1)by表示“乘……(交通工具)”,也指“通过……(方法)”。表示方式,指抽象的或无形的手段时,其宾语一般是抽象名词或动名词;指具体的手段时,其宾语通常是表示身体某个部位、交通工具或通讯工具等的名词,且名词前不用冠词。如:
①You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.
把鸡蛋与面粉混合,你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②Can I reach you by telephone
我可以用电话和你联系吗?
(2)with表示“用……工具/手段”,一般接具体的手段或工具,不能接动名词。如:
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
(3)in表示用的方法、工具、材料等。如:
①Please write in ink,not in pencil.
请用墨水写,不要用铅笔写。
②I paid the bill in cash.我用现金付账。
表示“用容器(之类的工具)”时,用in。如:
They carried earth in basket.
他们用篮子提土。
(4)through表示“通过……途径/方式/方法”,一般是指具体的或有形的手段,其宾语往往是具体的人或事物。如:
①We arranged our holiday through an agent.
我们通过一个经纪人来安排我们的假日。
②He got the chance through being a scientist.
由于是个科学家,他得到了这次机会。
5.to,at,for,toward(s)都表示方向,“到……,向……,朝……”
(1)toward(s)强调动作的方向;to则兼指“到达”的含义,强调结果。如:
①I saw her walking toward (s) the cinema.
我见她朝电影院走去。
②I saw her walking to the cinema.
我见她正朝电影院走去。
(2)for常用在leave,start,set out,set off,head,sail的后面,表示要去的目的地。如:
They are leaving for New York next week.
他们下周去纽约。
(3)at常和throw,shout,shoot等动词连用,表示目标。常常含有仇恨的感彩。而to与这些词连用时,仅仅表示方向。如:
①It’s not polite to shout at people.
朝人大声喊叫是不礼貌的。
②When I came to the dog,it came at me,I rushed away with fear.
当我走向这条狗时,它向我扑来,我吓得拔腿就跑。
6.besides,except,except for,but都可表示“除……之外”
(1)besides与except
besides表示“除了……之外(尚有)(宾语包括在内)”,表示肯定;另外,它还可以作副词,有“再说”的意思,表示语气的递进。except表示“除了……之外(宾语不包括在内)”,含有否定含义。如:
①There are four persons besides Tom to do the work,the four of whom are expert at it.
算汤姆在内有四个人做这项工作。他们四个在这方面都在行。
②There are four persons except Tom to do the work,four of whom are expert at it.
不算汤姆,他们有四个人做这个工作。他们当中的四个在这方面都在行。
③Who else do you need to help you besides me
除了我以外,你还需要谁帮忙?
④Sorry,I can’t go with you tonight.It’s dark,besides, it’s raining heavily.
对不起,我今晚不能和你一起去。天很黑,再说,还下着大雨。
(2)except,except for与except that clause
它们都有“除了……”的意思,区别在于:
except前后陈述的是同一类的东西。
except for前后所陈述的不属同类,表示引述一个相反细节,对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用,except for后接名词和代词。
except that clause也是表示引述一个相反细节,对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用,后接宾语从句(注意宾语从句的连接词的正确使用)。如:
①There is nothing except a desk in the classroom.
教室里只有一张课桌。(desk和nothing属于同一类)
②We enjoyed the party except for the loud music.
除了音乐嘈杂了点,我们在聚会上玩得很开心。(the loud music和the party不属于同类)
③Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.=Your composition is good except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了几个拼写错误之外,你的作文很好。
④He goes to the library every day except when he is not well.
他除了身体不舒服以外,每天都去图书馆。
(3)but作为介词和except同义,通常用在no以及由no组成的合成词或表示否定意义的词后面,而except不受此限制。如:
①Nobody else but/except me could solve the word puzzle.
除了我,谁都不会解这个字谜。
②I had no choice but to wait.
我除了等待之外别无选择。
(4)but for表示“要不是……”,用于虚拟语气。except for只起修正作用。如:
But for your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too much.
要不是你及时的帮助,我就不能按时完成这项工作。我对你感激不尽。
7.due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
这几个短语都可以作“由于,因为”解,是表原因的介词短语。
(1)due to...有三个用法:作定语、表语和状语;作状语时可放在句首或句尾。如:
①The mistake due to carelessness is serious.
由于粗心大意所造成的这个错误是严重的。
②Due to driving at high speed the accidents were common.
由于高速驾驶,交通事故很常见。
③His illness is due to bad food.
他生病的原因是吃了劣质食物。
(2)owing to...可作状语、定语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,一般应和句子的其他成分隔开,可放在句首、句中或句尾。如:
①The service is poor owing to a shortage of staff.
服务之所以差是因为工作人员不足。
②She is now, owing to bad health, not so active in the activity.
由于身体不好,她现在在活动中表现得没有那么活跃了。
(3)on account of...可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰全句,应和句子的其他成分隔开,但有时也可不隔开。如:
①He resigned on account of age.
他由于年迈而辞职。
②That was on account of lack of experience.
那是由于缺乏经验所致。
(4)thanks to...只作状语,比较正式,有感谢的含义,作“多亏”解,但有时也含有贬义。如:
Thanks to your help, we were successful.
多亏你的帮助,我们才得以成功。
常见的复合介词
【典例】
【2022全国甲卷】
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【常见的复合介词提分秘籍】
according to根据,按照,取决于
as a result of由于……的结果
as far as就……而论
at the mercy of受……支配
at the sight of一看到
by means of用,依靠,借助于
by way of取道于……;途经(=via)
by the way of用……的方法
because of因为,由于
due to因为
in addition to除了……之外(还有)
in advance of在……前面;比……先进
in celebration of为庆祝……
in case of假设,万一
in search of寻求;试图发现
in place of代替
in need of需要
in charge of对……负责;主管
in the charge of由……负责(表被动意义)
in spite of尽管;即使;虽然;不管
in time of在……时刻
in a state of处于……状况中
in course of在进行中
in the course of在……期间
in favour of赞同;有利于
in honor of向……表示敬意,为纪念……
in memory of为纪念……
instead of代替;而不是
on account of因为;由于
owing to因为
thanks to因为;多亏
under the name of以……的名义
under the condition that在……条件下
under the control of在……支配下
with no relation to与……无关
with the view of为了;以……为目的
within the reach of在……力所能及的范围内
和介词有关的固定搭配
【典例】
【2022年新高考1卷】
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【和介词有关的固定搭配提分秘籍】
1.名词与介词的固定搭配
要求用to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction
要求用in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert
要求用on的名词:mercy,congratulation
要求用其他介词的名词:prize(for),respect(for),victory(over),struggle(with)
2.形容词与介词的固定搭配
要求用at的形容词:angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened
要求用of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy
要求用with的形容词:angry,strict,busy,popular
要求用in的形容词:weak,strict,rich, interested,successful,slow xk.w
要求用to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due
要求用for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry
要求用from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired
要求用about的形容词:sorry,worried,anxious,careful,sure,certain
(2022年新高考1卷)
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
(2022全国甲卷)
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
(2022全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
In 1844 they bought it 2 $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)
The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.
(2020·山东卷语法填空)
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.
(2020·山东卷语法填空)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56. ,through agriculture.56.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
(2019·北京卷·语法填空)
Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
(2022·广东广州·一模)
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favorite part of being alive.
(2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模)
Studies have shown that students who use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their scores____7____as much as 15 percent.
(2022·云南·一模)
It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country ___15___ a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning their dream into reality.
(2022·陕西省榆林中学二模)
____23____ other words, just “lie flat”.
(2022·河南·模拟预测)
Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the freezing air temperature.
(2022·重庆·一模)
It began on January 19 and finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20.
(2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T5)
Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___5___ 2050.
(2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T8)
After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___8___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out.
(2021 珠海市二模 语法填空 T9)
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar ____9____ those of other cultures along the Yangtze River.
(2021 肇庆市三模 语法填空 T2)
Changes to water resources can have a big impact ____2____ people's lives.
(2021 漳州一中新高考模拟 语法填空 T10)
The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named ___10___ him.
(2021 玉林市一模 语法填空 T8)
Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ____8____ they think they are
(2021 玉林市一模 语法填空 T10)
“Accusing the British ____10____ having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-market.”
(2021 永春县第三次联考 语法填空 T7)
“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field, marks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine ____7____ the cause of human health and shows China’s growing strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】
It's not actually just for grandparents, but it's also to give grandparents an opportunity to show love ______ their children's children.
【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】
We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. ______ the bicycle, much of the world might stop working!
【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
The ride lasts several minutes. It travels from the security area to the boarding gate______ a speed of 3. 5 kilometers per hour.
【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
This results in the accidental entry ______ foreign objects.
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding regular laughter to people’s lives would improve their well-being, Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves______ the exercises.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
On canvas (画布),its effect is close ______ the art of Chinese calligraphy.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression______ the students.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
A top official told Xinhua. “______ (give) the difficulties experienced this year, the progress being made by Beijing 2022 has been unusual.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
It began ______a sport enjoyed mainly by very rich people.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
So trying to build close connections______a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事情).
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease ______ their bodies with their meals.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world ______music.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks ______ works of art.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
If a woman is ______ 40, or even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her thirties, her birthday will be the 29th.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
When we look up ______ the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and occasionally a distant planet.
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
Elephants are not fans of strangers. However ,Chen and his colleagues can take only three days ______ every month.
【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
While it’s wonderful for people who want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms ______ funding.
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