资源简介 北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷物 理 2013.6考生须知 1.本试卷共8页,五道大题,39道小题,满分100分。考试时间120分钟。2.考生应在试卷、机读卡和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和学号。3.选择题在机读卡上作答,其他试题在答题卡上作答,在试卷上作答无效。4.选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.考试结束时,请将本试卷、机读卡、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、单项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个选项符合题意。共28分,每小题2分)1.在国际单位制中,功的单位是A.牛顿 B.帕斯卡 C.瓦特 D.焦耳2.图1所示的四种现象中,属于光的直线传播现象的是3.下列四个实例中,能够增大压强的是A.骆驼的脚掌长得很宽大 B.菜刀刃磨得很锋利C.坦克装有两条宽大的履带 D.减少汽车的载重量4.下列家用电器中,主要将电能转化为机械能的是A.电风扇 B.电暖气 C.电饭煲 D.电池充电器5.下列有关光现象的说法中,正确的是A.真空中的光速为3×105m/s B.光属于电磁波C.白光是由三种色光组成 D.矫正近视眼的眼镜片是凸透镜6.下列说法中正确的是A.正电荷移动的方向就是电流的方向B.长度越长、横截面积越大,导体的电阻越大C.用电器的额定电压越高,其额定功率就越大D.教室里再多开几盏灯,电路中总电流会变大7.下列关于物态变化以及吸、放热的说法中,正确的是A.早春,冰雪消融是熔化现象,熔化需要放热B.初秋,草叶上出现的露珠是液化现象,液化需要放热C.寒冬,户外堆起的雪人没有熔化却变小是汽化现象,汽化需要吸热D.盛夏,从冰箱里取出的冰棍周围出现“白气”是凝华现象,凝华需要吸热8.在学习、生活中所涉及到的下列数值最接近实际情况的是A.一本物理课本的质量约为20g B.一个铅球的直径约为10dmC.体积为1升的水质量约为1kg D.一个教室的高约为800cm9.下列说法中正确的是A.弹簧能够被压缩,说明分子间存在空隙B.吸盘式挂钩能吸在玻璃上,说明分子间存在引力C.扫除时,空中尘土飞扬,说明分子在永不停息的运动D.红墨水在水中的扩散现象,说明分子在永不停息的运动10.如图2所示的电路,闭合开关,两只灯泡都不发光,且电流表和电压表均没有示数。现仅将L1和L2两灯泡的位置对调,再次闭合开关,发现两只灯泡仍不发光,电流表无示数,电压表指针有明显偏转。则下列判断正确的是A.灯泡L1的灯丝断了 B.电流表内部出现断路C.灯泡L2的灯丝断了 D.电源接线处接触不良11.下列说法中正确的是A.由于水的比热容较大,因此用水做吸热物质效果欠佳B.由于沙石的比热容较小,因此沙漠地区昼夜温差较大C.四冲程内燃机的压缩冲程,把燃料的内能转化为机械能D.四冲程内燃机的效率越高,工作过程中转化的机械能就越多12.小明房间门口装有开关S1,床头装有开关S2,这两个开关都能单独控制房间里吊灯的开和关。在如图3所示的四个电路图中,能实现上述控制的是13.如图4甲所示电路,电源两端电压不变。R1是滑动变阻器,R2是定值电阻。当开关S闭合后,逐步改变滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻值,根据电压表与电流表的示数,绘制的图像如图4乙所示。下列判断正确的是A.电路消耗电功率的最大值为7.2WB.变阻器R1接入电路的最大阻值为120C.定值电阻R2的电阻值为40D.电源两端电压为10V14.如图5甲所示,质量为m的小球有1/4的体积浸入圆柱形水槽的水中;若换用一根更长的线拴小球,则球有1/2的体积浸入水中,先后两次台秤示数变化了5N。若将线剪断,小球恰好悬浮在水中,如图5乙所示,此时水深为h1,台秤的示数为F1。若将水槽中的水换成同质量的盐水,再将小球放入盐水中,如图5丙所示,盐水深为h2,台秤示数为F2。已知水的质量是4kg,圆柱形水槽的质量是1kg,水槽的底面积为2dm2,g取10N/kg,下列判断正确的是A. h2 > h1 B. h2-h1 = 0.1mC. m =1kg D. F1= F2 =70N二、多项选择题(下列各小题均有四个选项,其中符合题意的选项均多于一个。共12分,每小题3分。每小题选项全选对的得3分,选对但不全的得2分,有错选的不得分)15.关于电磁现象,下列说法中正确的是A.金属导体中的自由电子在定向移动时一定产生磁场B.电动机是根据通电线圈在磁场中受力转动制成的C.放在磁场中的导体就会受到磁场力的作用D.发电机工作时将机械能转化为电能16.下列说法中正确的是A.水沸腾过程中,其分子势能变大B.两手相互摩擦,是通过热传递的方式使手的内能增加C.在桌面上推动铁块,此过程使铁块的分子无规则运动加剧D.用热水袋暖手,热水袋中的水在放热过程中其分子动能不变17.关于图6所示的情景,下列说法中正确的是A.舰载机飞离甲板的过程中,燃料的化学能转化为舰载机的机械能B.舰载机降落在航母甲板后,减速水平运动时,舰载机的机械能不变C.数十架舰载机从航母上飞离后,航母的排水量减小,所受浮力减小D.舰载机的机身上方凸起,当加速运动时,机身上方受到的气体压强比下方大18.如图7所示晾衣装置,每个滑轮重为0.5N,晾衣杆重4N。体重为500N的小明要提升总质量为5.6kg的三件衣服,他以拉力F竖直向下匀速拉动绳的自由端,此时小明对地面产生的压强为3.2×104Pa,在2s内,他将绳端匀速竖直下拉了1m。已知小明与地面的接触面积为150cm2。g取10N/kg。则下列判断正确的是A.滑轮组的有用功率为28WB.拉力F做功的功率为10WC.滑轮组的机械效率为70%D.在2s内,人做的总功为40J三、填空题(共12分,每小题2分)19.根据乐音的________能够分辨小提琴和钢琴的声音。(选填:“音调”、“音色”或“响度”)20.影响液体蒸发快慢的因素有:液体的________、液体的表面积和液面上方空气流速。21.一根阻值为150的电阻丝通电1min,若电阻丝两端电压为4V,则电流通过电阻丝产生的热量为________J。22.我国自主研制的深海潜艇“蛟龙号”下潜深度可达到7km,因此对潜艇船体的抗压能力有较高要求。当“蛟龙号”下潜到水面下7km处,海水对潜艇船体产生的压强约达到________Pa。(已知:海水的密度约为1.03g/cm3,g取10N/kg)23.如图8所示电路,电源两端电压不变。灯Ll标有“3V 3W”字样,灯L2标有“9V 4.5W”字样,灯丝电阻不变。当开关S闭合后,两灯都有电流通过,且两灯中只有一盏灯正常发光。则两灯消耗的总电功率为________W。24.如图9所示,将一根长为L的均匀细棒搭在容器边沿。细棒一端伸出容器边沿的长为a,另一端浸入密度为ρ0的液体中,浸入液体中的长为2a,此时细棒静止。则细棒的密度ρ=________。四、实验与探究题(共35分。33题、35题各2分;36题3分;37题5分。其他小题每空1分,每图1分。)25.(1)如图10所示,体温计的示数为℃。(2)如图11所示,电能表的示数为kW·h。26.(1)请画出图12中力F对支点O的力臂L1。(2)如图13所示,根据入射光线与折射光线的情况,在虚线框内填一个适当的透镜。(3)如图14所示,是小明画出的家庭电路图。其中开关1与灯泡连接有误,当开关1断开时,若要更换灯泡A,易出现事故。请你用笔画线代替导线,把带有开关的电灯B、插座分别正确地接入电路中。27.如图15所示,将一根直导线放在静止小磁针的正上方,并与小磁针平行。当闭合开关后,观察到小磁针偏转。(1)实验中若改变直导线中的电流方向,小磁针偏转方向也发生改变,表明电流所产生磁场的方向与________有关。(2)实验中利用观察小磁针是否偏转来检验电流周围是否产生磁场,这种研究方法是“转换法”,在科学探究中,常把直接测量有困难的量转换成便于测量的量来研究。这种方法叫“转换法”。在下列实验中采用了转换法的是________。A.在探究串联电路电流特点时,换用不同电路,进行多次实验B.在探究压力对滑动摩擦力的影响时,应保持接触面粗糙程度不变C.在探究物质吸热本领时,沙子和水吸热多少可通过测量加热时间来比较D.在探究阻力对物体运动的影响时,推理得出物体不受阻力时的运动状态冷却时间/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10海波的温度/℃ 53 50 48 48 48 48 48 46 44 42 40花生油的温度/℃ 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 028.小丽在实验室中探究海波、花生油的凝固规律时,记录实验数据如下表所示。请回答下列问题。(1)根据表中的实验数据可以判断:海波在凝固过程中,继续放热且温度。(选填 “升高”、“不变”或“降低”)(2)根据实验数据分析可知:海波属于。(选填“晶体”或“非晶体”)(3)花生油在降温过程中,观察发现:当油温下降到12℃时,花生油中产生一些絮状物,油变的浑浊;当油温由12℃下降到4℃的过程中,花生油中絮状物逐渐变多,最终花生油变成固态。根据实验数据及现象分析可知:花生油属于。(选填“晶体”或“非晶体”)29.用天平和量筒测某种矿石的密度。在调节天平时,发现指针如图16所示偏向分度盘的左侧,此时应将平衡螺母向调。用天平称矿石的质量。把矿石放在天平的左盘,天平平衡时,放在右盘中的砝码和游码在标尺上的位置如图17所示。如图18所示,用量筒量出矿石的体积为cm3,由此可知,矿石的密度ρ=g/cm3。30.水平桌面上的两个相同容器中装有甲、乙两种液体。小亮同学先将微小压强计U形管的两液面调到 ,他再把同一支压强计的探头先后放入甲、乙两种液体中的相同深度处,观察U形管中两次液面的高度差,如图19所示。由此可知,两种液体中_______液体的密度较大。(选填“甲”或“乙”)31.小华在探究光的反射规律的实验中,进行了如图20所示的实验,先将纸板B以ON为轴转动到与纸板A同一平面,使激光笔发出的光束EO沿纸板A照射到平面镜的O点,则在纸板B上可观察到反射光OF。(1)小华想探究反射光线与入射光线是否只能在同一平面内。她应该如何操作:_______,观察纸板B上是否有反射光线。(2)若使入射光线逆FO的方向射向镜面O点,可以观察到反射光线沿着OE方向射出,这表明_______。32.小强在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中,利用如图21所示装置,通过实验记录并绘制了物距u和像距v之间关系的图像,如图22所示。(1)该凸透镜的焦距是________cm;(2)把物体从距凸透镜30cm处移到15cm处的过程中,像距逐渐变________;(3) 当把物体放到距凸透镜8cm处时,光屏上_______得到一个清晰的像。(选填“能”或“不能”)33.为了测出未知电阻Rx的电阻,小刚根据实验桌上已备有的实验器材:电压为U的满足实验要求的电源,已知阻值为R0的定值电阻,电流表A、滑动变阻器、单刀双掷开关S及导线若干,设计了如图23所示的电路。(1)小刚设计的实验操作步骤:①将开关掷向触点a,移动滑片P至某位置,使电流表的示数为某一适当数值;读出电流表的示数,记为I1;②将开关掷向触点b,保持滑动变阻器滑片位置不变,读出电流表的示数,记为I2。(2)请你用测得的物理量I1、I2和已知物理量U、R0写出Rx的表达式:Rx=________。34.某兴趣小组研究海拔2000m以下,大气压强p与海拔高度h的关系。下表记录了某地区不同海拔高度处大气压强的部分数值。根据表中数据分析该地区在海拔高度96m处,大气压强的数值p=________ mmHg。通过分析数据可以得知:在海拔2000m以下,海拔高度每升高________ m,大气压降低1mmHg。h/m 0 24 48 72 96 120 144p/mmHg 760 758 756 754 750 74835.小梅在探究杠杆平衡时动力和动力臂的关系实验过程中,他用记录的部分数据绘制出如图24所示的图像。请根据图像信息归纳出动力F1跟动力臂L1的关系:F1= 。36.小刚认为:“浸没在水中的两个物体,所受浮力较大的物体会上浮”。实验桌上有装适量水的大水槽一个,还有:①大铝块、②小铝块、③体积与小铝块相同的小蜡块各一个。请你从①②③种器材中选用两个,设计一个简单实验,说明小刚的观点不正确。(已知:ρ铝>ρ水>ρ蜡)。要求:(1)写出所选用的实验器材;(2)简述实验步骤和实验现象。37.实验桌上有如下器材:符合实验要求的电源一个、已调零的电流表和电压表各一只、滑动变阻器一个、电阻箱一个、开关一个、导线若干。请你选用上述器材,设计一个实验证明“当通过导体的电流保持不变时,导体消耗的电功率与电阻的关系为P = kR (k为常量)”。要求:(1)画出实验电路图;(2)写出实验步骤;(3)画出实验数据记录表。五、计算题(共13分,38题6分,39题7分)38.如图25所示电路,电源两端电压不变。闭合开关S,滑动变阻器滑片移至点M时,变阻器接入电路的电阻为RM,电阻R1消耗的电功率为10W,电压表V1、V2示数分别为U1和U2 ,且U1∶U2=1∶2;滑动变阻器滑片移至点N时,变阻器接入电路的电阻为RN,电阻R2消耗的电功率为2W,电压表V2示数为U2,且U2∶U2=4∶5。求:(1)滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻RM与RN之比;(2)滑片左右移动的过程中,电路消耗的最大电功率Pmax。39.图26是一种新型吊运设备打捞物体的简化模型示意图,图中虚线框里是滑轮组(未画出),滑轮组绳子的自由端由电动机拉动。物体A浸没在水中并悬挂在滑轮组挂钩下端的细绳下。当物体A浸没在水中时,电动机对滑轮组绳子自由端的拉力F1为100N,吊运设备对横杆B点的拉力比不挂物体时增大了N1。然后,将物体A竖直向上提升,当物体A有的体积露出水面静止时,电动机对滑轮组绳子自由端的拉力F2为180N,吊运设备对横杆B点的拉力比不挂物体时增大了N2。已知:物体A的体积为80dm3,N2=3N1。不计绳的质量,不计滑轮与轴的摩擦。g取10N/kg。求:(1)物体A的重力GA;(2)动滑轮的重力G动;(3)物体完全出水后匀速上升时,滑轮组的机械效率η。北京市西城区2013年初三二模物理试卷参考答案及评分标准 2013. 6一、单项选择题:(每题2分,共28分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14答案 D C B A B D B C D C B C A D二、多项选择题:(每题3分,共12分)题 号 15 16 17 18答 案 A、B、D A、C A、C B 、C三、填空题:(每空2分,共12分)题 号 答 案 题 号 答 案19 音色 22 7.21×10720 温度 23 3.521 6.4 24四、实验与探究题:(共35分)25(2分) (1) 38.5 ; (2)2385.6 27(2分) ((1)电流方向;(2) C26(4分) (1) (2)(3) 触电 ; 28(3分) (1)不变;(2)晶体 ; 非晶体29(3分) 右 ; 10 ; 2.7 。30(2分) 相平 ; 乙31(2分) (1)将纸板B向后转动, (2)反射现象中,光路可逆。32(3分) (1)10 ;(2)大 ;(3)不能33(2分) (2)34(2分) 752 ; 1235(2分) F1=36(3分) (1)实验器材:装适量水的大水槽、大铝块、小蜡块。(1分)(2)实验步骤及实验现象: ① 用手拿着大铝块和小蜡块,将它们浸没在水槽的水中,且不触碰水槽。由于大铝块的体积大于小蜡块,当它们浸没在水中时,大铝块所受浮力较大。(1分) ② 放开手,可以观察到大铝块下沉到水槽底部,小蜡块上浮到水面。(1分)这个实验说明小刚的观点不正确。37(5分) (1)实验电路图:如4所示。(1分)(2)实验步骤:(4分)① 按电路图连接电路。② 断开开关S,调节电阻箱R的阻值。闭合开关S,适当移动滑动变阻器的滑片,使电流表A的示数为I,用电压表V测量电阻箱R两端的电压U,将R、I、U的数据记录在实验记录表中。(1分) ③ 仿照步骤②,分别改变5次电阻箱R的阻值,每次移动滑动变阻器的滑片,使电流表A的示数仍为I,用电压表V分别测量各次相应的电压U,并分别将R、I、U的数据记录在实验记录表中。 (1分)④ 利用公式P=UI,分别计算出6次电阻箱R消耗的电功率P的数值,并分别记录在实验记录表中。(1分) (3)实验数据记录表:(1分)R/ΩI / AU /VP /W(其他答案正确均可得分)五、计算题:(共13分)38. 解:(1) 当开关S闭合,滑动变阻器滑片移到M点时,电路如图5甲所示;当开关S闭合,滑动变阻器滑片移到N点时,电路如图5乙所示。-----------------(两个等效电路图1分)在甲图中:∵ ∴2R1=RM+R2 ① ------------------------(1分)在甲、乙图中:∵ ∴又∵ ∴∴ ∴ ------------------------(1分)∵ ∴ 4R1=5R2 ②∵ ∴2RN=5RM+3R2 ③由①②③式解得: ------------------------(1分)(2)当滑动变阻器滑片移到右端时,滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻R=0Ω,电路中R总最小,电路如图6所示。此时,电路的功率最大。∵在图6中:4R1=5R2 ,∴Pmax= ----------------------(1分)∵在甲图中:∴P1=∴∴电路的最大功率: Pmax=5 P1=5×10W=50W -----------------------(1分)39. 解:(1)当物体A浸没在水中时,以物体A为研究对象,受力分析如图7甲所示;当物体A有的体积露出水面时,以物体A为研究对象,受力分析如图7乙所示。由图7甲、乙得:T1=GA—F浮1 ① ; T2=GA—F浮2 ②(受力分析图或两个方程) -------(1分)当物体A浸没在水中时,吊运设备对横杆B点拉力比不挂物体时增大N1当物体A有的体积露出水面时,吊运设备对横杆B点拉力比不挂物体时增大N2因此,N1= T1 = GA—F浮1 ;N2= T2 = GA—F浮2已知:N2=3N1 ; 所以:解得: ----------------------(1分)已知:物体A的体积为80dm3则:F浮1==1×103kg/m3×10N/kg×80×10-3m3=800N所以:GA= F浮1=×800N=960N ----------------------(1分)(2)当物体A浸没在水中时,以物体A和动滑轮的整体为研究对象,受力分析如图8甲所示。当物体A有的体积露出水面时,以物体A和动滑轮的整体为研究对象,受力分析如图8乙所示。nF1=GA + G动-F浮1 ③ ; nF2=GA + G动-F浮2 ④(受力分析图或两个方程)----------(1分)由④-③式得:n(F2 -F1)=F浮1-F浮2=F浮1=×800N=320N所以:n= ----------------------(1分)将F1=100N ;n=4,代入③式解得:G动=240N ----------------------(1分)(3)当物体完全出水后匀速上升时: (1分)说明:解题过程中缺少必要的文字说明的扣1分;计算过程中缺少单位的扣1分。图1CADB铅笔好像在水面处“折断”景物在水中形成“倒影”月偏食牙医用平面镜检查牙齿图2L1SAVL2图3S2ABCDS1220VS1220VS2220VS1S2220VS2S1甲R2SAVR1图400.20.40.60.8161248I/AU/V乙图5乙甲丙图6图7SL1L2图8图92aa图10单相电能表kWh220V 10(20)A 50Hz360r/kWh北 京 电 表 厂23856图11开关2B地线零线图14火线插座开关1A图12反射光线OGF图13图15S+_L图16图1720g5g图18ml100708090102030405060ml100708090102030405060图19甲乙图20纸板B入射光线平面镜OEF纸板ANG反射光线图21图23bASPR0RXa图2201020304040301020u/cmv/cmL1/m6.05.04.03.02.01.000.050.100.150.200.250.30F1/N图247.0图25R2R1V2V1SP图26电动机滑轮组绳子自由端滑轮组挂钩AB图1反射光线OGFL1图2地线零线图3火线开关1A开关2B插座PRSAR1图4V图9图5甲I1R1RMR2P1=10WUU1U2乙I2R1RNR2UU1U2P2=2W图6R1R2UF浮1F浮2T1GAT2GAAA图7甲乙nF2GAA乙G动nF1GAA甲G动图8F浮1F浮2北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷语 文 2013.6第Ⅰ卷(共70分)一、选择。下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意,选出答案后在答题纸上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。(共12分。每小题2分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一项是( )A.巢穴(xué) 衣冠(guān) 扣人心弦(xuán)B.粗犷(guǎng) 脑髓(suǐ) 称心如意(chèn)C.坎坷(kē) 负载(zài) 水涨船高(zhǎng)D.翘首(qiáo) 憎恶(wù) 谆谆教诲(huǐ)2.下列句子中没有错别字的一句是( )A.园博会上,游人川梭于充满诗情画意而又别俱匠心的园林间,流连忘反。B.翡翠般碧绿的青海湖,烟波浩淼,水波荡漾,风景绮丽,令人心弛神往。C.变换莫测的北极光从夜空中滑过,时而像飘带,时而像火焰,神奇而壮观。D.云南大理古城中精致的古代建筑与优美的自然风光水乳交融,充满神奇色彩。3.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用有误的一项是( )A.黄山以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉闻名世界,优美的景色真实巧妙绝伦。B.有的人对昆曲只有一知半解,却在昆曲名家面前妄加评论,简直是贻笑大方。C.陈景润在数学家华罗庚的关怀下,青出于蓝而胜于蓝,摘取了数学皇冠上的明珠。D.海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞,学校开展的丰富多彩的活动给我们提供了广阔的空间。4.根据文段内容,对画线病句修改最恰当的一项是( )金台路被金黄得透明的银杏叶铺满了,那状如一把把小扇面的银杏树叶,可爱得叫人不忍心踩踏;其中还有一些乌桕和白杨的树叶,另一些醒目的色块在满地的金黄中闪跳着。A.修改:在另一些醒目的色块中闪跳出满地的金黄B.修改:在满地的金黄中另一些醒目的色块闪跳出来C.修改:在满地的金黄中闪跳出另一些醒目的色块D.修改:在满地的金黄中充满着另一些醒目的色块5.结合语境,将下列句子填入横线处,顺序最恰当的一项是( )说起京剧,有些人误以为它是北京的地方戏,其实不然。①可以说,京剧是中国戏曲剧种中经过杂交的优良品种②京剧虽然名为“京剧”,但却不是北京土生土长的地方戏③京剧的形成是多种民间戏曲在北京汇聚、交流、融合的结果④它是在徽调和汉调的基础上,吸收昆曲、梆子等剧种的精华形成的剧种A.②③④① B.①③④② C.②①④③ D.①②③④6.对下面文段中所使用的修辞方法及其作用的理解有误的一项是( )①马路上,公园里,金黄的落叶萧萧而下,稠密如雨,稠密如雪。②许多绿叶也受了感染,纷纷离枝而下,加入同类的有韵的舞蹈。③空旷的树阴垂覆的公园内,池边垂柳尚在婆娑摇曳,时时亲昵行人的面颊衣襟;④满地却已压着一层青翠的杨树叶子,如同绿色的积雪。⑤这难道是大自然有意做出的惊世骇俗之举吗?A.①句运用了比喻的修辞方法,写出了落叶纷飞,如雨如雪的景色。B.③句运用了拟人的修辞方法,写出了池边垂柳依依,招人喜爱的情态。C.④句运用了比喻的修辞手法,写出了青翠的杨树叶子铺满地面的景象。D.⑤句运用了反问的修辞方法,表达了作者对飘零的落叶惋惜和不满的情绪。二、填空(共8分)7.默写(共5分)(1) ,断肠人在天涯。(马致远《天净沙 秋思》)(1分)(2) ,浅草才能没马蹄。(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(1分)(3)土地平旷,屋舍俨然, 。(陶渊明《桃花源记》)(1分)(4)滕子京谪守巴陵郡的第二年,在“ , ”的背景下,重修了岳阳楼。(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)(2分)8.名著阅读(3分)《 ① 》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集,收录了从西周到春秋时期的诗歌305篇,这些诗歌分为 ② 三个部分,我们学过的《 ③ 》就是这部诗歌总集中的一篇。三、综合性学习(共11分)今年的6月8日是我国第八个“文化遗产日”。北京是中国拥有世界文化遗产数量最多的城市,然而,由于诸多原因,这些国人引以为荣的“北京符号”却面临种种文物保护的困难。为此,初三(2)班准备召开以“文物保护”为主题的班会,请你参与列活动,完成相关任务。9.第一组同学搜集了下面两则材料,请你概括这两则材料所反映出的故宫客流量的情况。(4分)【材料一】据了解,故宫的最佳容量是每日5万人,最大容量是每日6万人。2011年“五一”前夕,北京故宫首次将“日参观人数”上限设定为8万人次,但由于参观人数太多,故宫当年最终没能坚持每天限流8万人的新政策,一天接待游客突破了10万人。“十一”国庆假期,故宫的参观人数一样拥挤,2011年10月2日达到近13万人,2012年10月1日故宫客流量达到18.2万人次,创故宫单日客流量历史最高纪录。【材料二】10.下面是第二组同学的采访纪录,请你概括这些采访纪录所反映出来的问题和相关的解决措施。(5分)游 客:故宫里的人很多,根本没法参观。西六宫的御道不足5米宽,却塞满了人,长达两三百米的路上,人挤人,游客只有蠕动前行,没有了参观的好心情。志 愿 者:一些游客随手扔垃圾,通道和广场上塑料袋、饮料瓶随地可见,环境恶劣。世界文化遗产故宫,都快成垃圾场了。文物专家:人体呼出的二氧化碳会让古建筑的彩画和朱红色墙面褪色,过多的接触和踩踏也会给文物造成影响,甚至毁坏文物。管 理 者:要采取恰当的措施,解决故宫参观人数过多的问题。故宫可以借鉴国外一些世界文化遗产景区的管理方式,要求游客事先预约,这样可以了解并控制参观数量。还可以选择最拥挤、文物最密集和脆弱的“赌点”实行限流,一旦达到规定容量,就停止进入,游客则需排队等候。①反映出来的问题:②相关的解决措施:11.主题班会上,同学们决定开办一个“故宫文物保护”网页,请你根据上面的材料,为“征集故宫文物保护活动方案”的栏目,设计一项具体任务,并说出完成这项任务的预期效果。(2分)①具体任务:②预期效果:四、文言文阅读(共9分)阅读《核舟记》,完成第12~14题。明有奇巧人曰王叔远,能以径寸之木,为宫室、器皿 、人物,以至鸟兽、木石,罔不因势象形,各具情态。尝贻余核舟一,盖大苏泛赤壁云。舟首尾长约八分有奇,高可二黍许。中轩敞者为舱,箬篷覆之。旁开小窗,左右各四,共八扇。启窗而观,雕栏相望焉。闭之,则右刻“山高月小,水落石出”,左刻“清风徐来,水波不兴”,石青糁之。 船头坐三人,中峨冠而多髯者为东坡,佛印居右,鲁直居左。苏、黄共阅一手卷。东坡右手执卷端,左手抚鲁直背。鲁直左手执卷末,右手指卷,如有所语。东坡现右足,鲁直现左足,各微侧,其两膝相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中。佛印绝类弥勒,袒胸露乳,矫首昂视,神情与苏、黄不属。卧右膝,诎右臂支船,而竖其左膝,左臂挂念珠倚之——珠可历历数也。 舟尾横卧一楫。楫左右舟子各一人。居右者椎髻仰面,左手倚一衡木,右手攀右趾,若啸呼状。居左者右手执蒲葵扇,左手抚炉,炉上有壶,其人视端容寂,若听茶声然。 其船背稍夷,则题名其上,文曰“天启壬戌秋日,虞山王毅叔远甫刻”,细若蚊足,钩画了了,其色墨。又用篆章一,文曰“初平山人”,其色丹。 通计一舟,为人五;为窗八;为箬篷,为楫,为炉,为壶,为手卷,为念珠各一;对联、题名并篆文,为字共三十有四;而计其长曾不盈寸。盖简桃核修狭者为之。嘻!技亦灵怪矣哉!12.解释下列句中加点词的意思。(2分)(1)高可二黍许 许:(2)钩画了了 了了:13.用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。(4分)(1)中轩敞者为舱 翻译:(2)而计其长曾不盈寸 翻译:14.王叔远在核舟上雕刻的人物栩栩如生,文中哪些语句给人以如闻其声的感觉?(3分)五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)阅读《三间朝南屋》,完成第15~17题。(共15分)三间朝南屋月下听萧①从我记事起,我就记得母亲常挂在嘴边的话,“有吃没吃,三间朝南屋”。在没屋的人看来,有三间楼房都是很幸福的了,可是母亲就是讨厌那房子的朝向,她有时会偏激地说,哪怕是一间朝南的也好,恨不得自己有一天能将房子转个向。②朝南屋冬暖夏凉,而朝西屋则冬冷夏热。夏天家里热得像蒸笼,晚上在外面乘凉到很晚,然后才能回家睡觉。而冬天,那木结构的房子又到处是缝隙,北风呼呼地刮,漫漫长夜,无忧的梦乡常常被寒冷切割。③我们常常搬了凳子,坐到朝南的阿婆家去晒太阳,看着我家白皑皑的雪,听着阿婆家融化的雪水声,我们就会憧憬起房子——那朝南的三间大瓦房。由于父亲是独子,祖母也就絮叨着一定要我母亲生两个孙子才行,于是家里就成了一人赚钱,七人吃饭。在那个年代,能吃饱穿暖已经算是小康的幸福之家,更别想造房子了。④后来分田到户,吃已不成问题,手头也活了起来,母亲的心思也活了,那个造房子的念头又蠢蠢欲动。可是几个孩子的学费也是一笔不小的开支,总不能为了造房子让孩子辍学吧。那个孕育了好多年,刚刚抽出水灵灵小苗的造房梦,便硬生生地被现实又一次掐断了。不过,作为一个爱子如命的母亲,有什么能与孩子的前途比呢?像无数个平凡而无私的父母一样,他们压抑着自己的欲望,完成着孩子的一个个梦想。⑤再往后,父亲与人合伙办了一个小厂,母亲在家干山上田间的活计,终于有了一些积蓄。看着村里一些人造起了房子,造三间朝南屋的念头又像三月的青草,眨眼间茂密成一片。父亲去村里申请了盖房的地基,又经过大队允许,砍伐了自家地里的树,终于把造房子的木料准备齐了,甚至连做吊顶的东西也都准备好了。可是地基打好了,却没了钱,由于厂里生意不好,大家散伙了。父亲没了工作,年纪又大,不要说造房子,就连生活也成了问题。⑥辛辛苦苦搞成的三间朝南的地基,却成了晒场,这成了村里人的笑柄:“看来这三间地基又要荒了,想造房子,哪有那么容易啊,也不掂量掂量自己有几斤几两,这地基早晚成拉狗屎的荒地。”有的人还飘飘然地到我家来,说:“你反正也造不起,卖掉这个地基算了。”面对别人的嘲讽,父亲傻傻地在那儿犹豫,母亲却忽然笑着对来人说,“我明天就去上山砍茅草,盖三间茅草屋,省得你们惦记着我这三间朝南屋的地基。”⑦造三间屋,为什么总是这么难呢?为什么愿望总是一次次落空啊?好在天无绝人之路,不久,我们家有了转机。⑧那时候,村里也给我家分了一块山地做自留山,母亲想起靠山吃山的古话,于是开始挖山种竹。经过精心侍弄,我们家成了地道的笋农。冬天卖冬笋,初春卖雷笋,接着卖毛笋,还可以卖毛竹。开始是自己挑到城里卖。后来一些小贩知道我家的笋特别好吃,能卖上好价格,就纷至沓来,争相抢购,有些还在头年就付点定金,说明年还要。竹笋生意让我们家开始富裕起来。⑨没过两年,母亲就把一辈子都想盖三间朝南的屋子的愿望实现了。这三间朝南的二层小楼,房间宽敞明亮,墙面粉刷一新。家里置办了冰箱、彩电、洗衣机等家用电器。父亲还在院子里种上了各种花草树木。看着这个三间朝南的二层小楼,母亲真是越看越欢喜。⑩坐在宽阔的院子里乘凉,母亲常会有一种恍如隔世的感觉,这么好的房子怎么就是我家呢?这么多年的愿望怎么一下就实现了呢?朝南的房子怎么就这么舒服呢?儿子都考进了大学,子女们都在城里买了房,安了家。这古往今来的好时光咋就让我遇上了呢? 一个三间朝南房子的实现,经常让母亲在睡梦中笑醒。(有删改)15.阅读③~⑤段,将父母无法建成三间朝南屋的原因补充完整。 (4分)原因:①原因:②几个孩子的学费开支不小,造房压力大。原因:③16.第④段画线语句写得很精彩,试从修辞方法和词语运用两个角度进行简要赏析。(4分)17.请结合全文内容,谈谈你对第⑦段内容及作用的理解。(不超过150字)(7分)(二)阅读《摩天大楼的防风》,完成第18~19题。(共7分)摩天大楼的防风①近年来,中国各地摩天大楼发展速度十分惊人。未来10年内,中国将以1318座的摩天大楼总数傲视全球。摩天大楼以其独特的建筑造型和文化韵味,给城市带来了经济效益,受到不少大城市的青睐,但同时也带来了很多安全隐患,比如防风方面的问题。②摩天大楼的立面会受到风荷载(即风对工程结构所产生的压力)的作用,随着高度的增加,风荷载不断增大,摩天大楼的横向振幅也随之增大,这与长竹竿遇风一吹会摇摆的道理相同。距地面越高,风所受阻力越小,风速会越大,摇摆就会越明显。当地面风速为10米/秒时,高空100米处风速可达22米/秒。③为了解决大风引起的摇摆问题,有的摩天大楼会安装“风阻尼器”,如台北的101大厦,有世界最大且最重的“风阻尼器”,在88至92楼挂置了一个重达660吨、直径5.5米的巨大钢球,像一颗秤锤稳镇中心,抵消或减缓风力所产生的摆动幅度。④由于摩天大楼体型高大,风力不能透过大楼,必然会绕过大楼在它的周围形成较强的气流,因此摩天大楼将使周围的通道及低层建筑物所受风荷载加大,形成所谓的“高楼峡谷风”。这宗“高楼峡谷风”使得大楼拐角处形成旋风,行人在经过大楼时会受到强风的冲击,也使街道上某些地方的风速特别大,影响到路人和行车的安全。⑤目前,国内外已对这个问题做了研究,在建造摩天大楼之前,设计者会根据当地的气象观测资料,利用计算机模拟自然风力和风向进行试验,然后利用所得数据为摩天大楼的设计提供参考,尽量降低对街区行人和建筑物产生的影响。⑥摩天大楼会产生风噪音,当地面徐徐轻风时,几十米高的大楼里却能听到呼啸风声。为什么摩天大楼内风声这么大呢?一方面摩天大楼很高风速很大,风声自然会大;另一方面与摩天大楼表面“风振效应”有关。简单地说,就是摩天大楼周围的风可以形成漩涡,与大楼产生摩擦,风力越大,摩擦声也就越大。因此,摩天大楼的风噪音污染问题,还有待进一步研究解决。⑦相信不久的将来,人们将发挥智慧和创造力,很好地解决摩天大楼的防风问题,以促进摩天大楼的健康发展。18.简要分析第①段在文中的作用。(3分)19.阅读下面材料,借助上文中的相关知识,简要分析李冰对风力的实际感受与天气预报不符的原因。(4分)【材料】某日,北京的天气预报为:晴,最高气温22°,北转南风3级。在北京市200米高的摩天大楼“京广中心”上班的李冰,在走近大楼的时候,险些被风吹倒。到达位于26层的办公室之后,李冰将窗户半开通风,呼呼作响的大风扑面而来,听起来很吓人,他甚至怀疑气象台的天气预报是不是报错了。(三)阅读《说说“质疑读书法”》,完成第20~22题。(共8分)说说“质疑读书法”孔宁①《康熙字典》是我国古代解释文字的巨著,这是一部体例精密,考证严谨完备的书。但是,就是这样一部巨著,仍然被清代学者王夫之看出了问题。王夫之经过认真考证,指出该书有2588条失误之处。这个例子告诉我们,即使一本好书,也不可避免地出现一些纰漏。在读数的过程中,我们既要有大胆怀疑的精神,又要有寻根究底的勇气和意志。这就是我们所说的“质疑读书法”。②“质疑读书法”有助于开发思路。现代科学研究证明,从人的神经功能上看,疑点会促使大脑出现高度兴奋状态,随之产生一种“优势灶”,也就是探研反射,从而使精神高度集中,保证最佳的读数效果。在这种状态下读书,你就能更加深刻地理解和掌握知识。可以说,疑问是开启未知王国宝库大门的钥匙。③利用“质疑读书法”,能打破知识旧框框的束缚,促进新的发明和创造。我国著名的地质学家李四光说过:“不怀疑不能见真理,所以我希望大家都采取怀疑的态度,不要为已成的学说压倒。”毛泽东经常告诫人们不要迷信书本,不要盲目读书,要善于发现问题。他每看完一本书或者一篇文章,总能提出一些令人思考的问题。他在大量的读书批语中,提出过许多新颖的见解和主张。在阅读过程中,毛泽东没有被某些条条框框所束缚,而是在质疑中逐渐形成了自己的理论体系,指导中国革命一步一步走向成功。由此看来,质疑是读书中不可缺少的一种方法,质疑能否定旧的传统观念,也能产生新的科学理论。④“质疑读书法”,需要独立思考,提出自己的观点,进行质疑。法国哲学家阿拉伯尔说过:“由于怀疑,我们就验证,由于验证,我们就获得真理。”也就是说,把书本上的疑点带入实践中,从实践中再做出正确的判断。明代医学家李时珍,对当时被奉为标准药典的《证类本草》产生了疑问。于是他用了27年时间,对该书和其他多种“本草”书中的中草药,详细分析,认真研究,逐条订证,对其中谬误和讹传的记载,进行了修改补订,最终写出了52卷医药巨著《本草纲目》。试想,如果李时珍在批阅明代以前的各种“药物”著作时,凡书皆信,师古不变,不进行质疑,不在实践中加以考证、修订、完善,能有鸿篇巨著《本草纲目》问世并造福于子孙万代吗?⑤让我们在使用“质疑读书法”的时候,请记住培根的名言吧:“如果一个人从肯定开始,必以疑问告终。如果他准备从疑问着手,则会以肯定结束。”我们要用善疑好问这把钥匙,去开启知识宝库的大门吧。20.本文作者的观点是什么?(2分)21.第③段画线的事实论据为什么能够证明本段的观点?(3分)22.简要分析第④段的论证过程(3分)第Ⅱ卷 写作(共50分)六、作文(50分)23.题目: 完美每个人都希望把事情做得很完美,在做事的过程中奋力地追求着完美,成功之后享受着完美带给我们的快乐;当然,也有可能在品尝了艰辛与痛苦之后,没有达到完美,但追求完美的过程,同样可以给我们带来思考和启迪……请你以“ 完美”为题,写一篇文章。要求:(1)请将题目抄写在答题纸上。(2)不限文体(诗歌除外)。(3)字数600~1000之间。(4)作文中不要出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名。北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷语文参考答案 2013.6第Ⅰ卷(共70分)一、选择(共12分,每小题2分)题 号 1 2 3 4 5 6答 案 B D A C A D二、填空(共8分)7.(5分)(1)夕阳西下(1分。错一处不给分)(2)乱花渐欲迷人眼(1分。错一处不给分)(3)有良田美池桑竹之属(1分。错一处不给分)(4)政通人和 百废具兴(2分。错一处扣1分)8.①诗经 ②风、雅、颂 ③蒹葭(或《关雎》)(3分。每空1分,有错不得分)三、综合性学习(共11分)9.北京故宫假期日客流量巨大,且远远超出故宫的最大容量。(4分。每个要点2分)10.①人满为患,没有好心情;遍地垃圾,破坏了环境;人的接触,会毁坏文物。②要采取预约参观,“堵点”限流的措施。(5分。问题:三个要点各1分;措施:两个要点各1分。每个要点内容不全不给分)11.答案示例一:①捡拾故宫垃圾 ②清洁故宫环境答案示例二:①到故宫做引导员 ②协助疏导故宫游人(2分。任务、效果各1分)四、文言文阅读(共9分)12.(1)上下(左右) (2)清楚明白(2分。每个各1分)13.(1)中间高起而宽敞的部分是船舱。(2)可是计算它的长度竟然不满一寸。(4分。每句2分)14.如有所语 若啸呼状 若听茶声然(3分。每个1分,有错不给分)五、现代文阅读(共30分)(一)(共15分)15.①一个人赚钱养活七口人,勉强够温饱。③父亲工作没了,年纪又大,生活成问题。16.将造房梦比作“孕育了好多年,刚刚抽出水灵灵的小苗”,生动地写出了父母造房念头蠢蠢欲动的情景。“硬生生”和“掐断”等词语,写出了在家境困窘的情况下,父母造房梦破灭的残酷性。(4分。修辞方法和词语运用的分析各2分)17.“造三间屋,为什么总是这么难呢?为什么愿望总是一次次落空啊?”两个问句表现了母亲无可奈何的心情,承接了上文所写的几次造房愿望夭折的经历。“好在天无绝人之路,不久,我们家有了转机。”写出了有了新的转机之后,母亲一种庆幸之感。开启了下文在父母的努力下,造房愿望实现的叙述。(7分。内容分析各2分,作用分析各1分,语言1分)(二)(共7分)18.第一段介绍了近年来中国摩天大楼快速发展的现状及原因,提出其存在的安全隐患,引出下文对摩天大楼的防风的说明。(3分。现状及原因,1分;安全隐患,1分;引出防风的说明,1分)19.由于京广中心属于摩天大楼,它周围的道路及低层建筑物所受风荷载加大,形成所谓的“高楼峡谷风”,这是李冰险些被风吹倒的原因。距地面越高,风所受的阻力越小,风速会越大,摩天大楼表面所产生“风振效应”,这是李冰在办公室听到呼呼作响的风声的原因。所以李冰认为自己的感受与天气预报不符。(4分。每点2分)(三)(共8分)20.在读书的过程中,我们既要有大胆怀疑的精神,又要有寻根究底的勇气和意志。(或我们要运用“质疑读书法”去读书。)(2分)21.毛泽东在读书过程中,善于质疑,不被书中的条条框框所束缚,创造性地形成了自己的一套理论体系。这一事例充分证明利用“质疑读书法”,就能打破知识旧框框的束缚,促进新的发明和创造。(3分。事例概括2分,证明观点1分)22.首先指出“质疑读书法”,需要独立思考,提出自己的观点,进行质疑;接着引用阿拉伯尔的话做进一步阐释,指出具体的方法;然后用李时珍的例子来证明独立思考的重要性。(3分。每个要点1分)第Ⅱ卷(共50分)六、本题共50分作文评分标准项目等级 内容、表达(46分) 说明 书写(4分)一类卷(50~43) 要求:符合题意,内容具体,中心明确;条理清楚,结构合理;语言通顺,有2处以下语病。赋分范围:46~39分 以42分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 4分书写工整,标点正确,错别字2个以下,格式规范。二类卷(42~37) 要求:比较符合题意,内容比较具体,中心比较明确;条理比较清楚,结构比较合理;语言比较通顺,有3~4处语病。赋分范围:38~33分 以36分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 3分书写工整,标点大体正确,错别字3~4个,格式规范。三类卷(36~30) 要求:基本符合题意,内容尚具体,中心基本明确;条理基本清楚,结构基本完整;语言基本通顺,有5~6处语病。 赋分范围:32~26分 以34分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 2分字迹不够清楚,标点错误较多,错别字5~7个,格式大体规范。四类卷(29~0) 要求:不符合题意,内容空洞,中心不明确;条理不清楚,结构不完整;语言不通顺,有7处以上语病。赋分范围:25~0分 以17分为基准分上下浮动,然后加书写项的得分。 1~0分字迹潦草,难以辨认,标点错误很多,错别字8个以上,格式不规范。说明:1.字数不足600字,每少50字扣1分,最多扣3分。2.不写标题扣2分。3.作文中如出现所在学校的校名或师生姓名,从总得分中扣4分。北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷英语 2013.6听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。(共4分,每小题1分)二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。5. Where did the man go A. France. B. China. C. Britain.6. What was the weather like when the man was there A. It was hot. B. It was sunny. C. It was windy.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。7. What do the speakers mainly talk about A. The man’s lifestyle. B. The man’s family. C. The man’s work.8. How much time does the man spend watching TV A. Four hours a day. B. Four hours a week. C. Four hours a month.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。9. What kind of movies does the boy like A. Movies about volleyball. B. Movies about monsters. C. Movies about players.10. What does the girl ask the boy for A. A jacket. B. A book. C. A poster.请听一段对话,完成第11至第13小题。11. Why is there going to be a party at Tom’s house A. To welcome Tom’s new friend. B. To celebrate Tom’s sister’s birthday.C. To celebrate Tom’s mother’s birthday.12. Who will take the girl and Jane to the party A. Tom’s mother. B. The girl’s father. C. Jane’s father.13. What time will the girls leave the party A. At 8:00 pm. B. At 11:30 pm. C. At 12:00 am.请听一段独白,完成第14至第16小题。14. When is the Electricity Workshop open A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Monday afternoon. C. On Saturday evening.15. How much are Science World tickets for adults A. 1.75. B. 2. C. 3.16. What do visitors think of the Newton Café A. It’s too expensive. B. It has a lovely view. C. It’s very big.三、听对话,根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语,将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。对话你将听两遍(共10分,每小题2分)Instructions on a PrinterHow to use a printer Step 1: Press the 17 button.Step 2: Put in the paper.Step 3: Click “ 18 ”.How to deal with possible problems Jams (卡纸) 19 your printer first, then carefully pull out the paper.Overheating Switch it off for fifteen 20 before switching it on again.What else to know Regularly clean the printer and its other 21 .知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空(共13分,每小题1分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。22. The bananas are on the shelf. _______ are very nice.A. They B. You C. We D. Theirs23. ---Have you seen the notice _______ the wall ---Yes, I have.A. in B. on C. from D. to24. ---Which sport do you like better, swimming or running ---_______. I like skating.A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither25. Although he’s eaten up two bowls of rice, he still doesn’t feel _______.A. full enough B. enough full C. enough fully D. fully enough26. ---_______ do you go to the gym ---Once a week.A. How much B. How often C. How soon D. How long27. ---It’s a little bit cold in the car. Would you mind _______ the heater ---No problem.A. turning on B. turn on C. turned on D. to turn on28. It _______. Take an umbrella with you.A. has rained B. rained C. is raining D. rains29. I have got the book for three weeks. I _______ it in London.A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy30. When I stepped into the office, the teachers _______ a meeting.A. have B. are having C. would have D. were having31. Mr. Zhang moved to Australia in 2006. He _______ there for 7 years.A. lived B. lives C. is living D. has lived32. ---Must I finish my homework first, Mum ---No, you _______. You can play for a while.A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t33. The bridge _______ ten years ago.A. built B. has built C. was built D. is built34. Great changes have taken place here. Who can tell _______ in another five years A. what will it be like B. what it looked likeC. what it will be like D. what did it look like五、完形填空(共12分,每小题1分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Keep on SingingWhen Karen found out that she was going to have another baby, she did what she could to help her 3-year-old son Michael prepare for a new sibling (兄弟姐妹). Day after day, night after night, Michael sang to his 35 in his Mommy’s tummy (肚子).Finally, Michael’s little sister was born. But she had serious health problems. The days inched by and the little girl only got worse. The doctor told the parents, “There is very 36 hope. Be prepared for the worst.” Karen and her husband had fixed up a special room for the new baby, 37 now they found themselves having to plan for a funeral.Michael, however, kept begging his parents to let him see his sister. “I want to sing to her,” he said. But kids were 38 allowed in ICU (重症监护室).At last Karen made up her mind. She would take Michael there. She dressed him in an oversized suit and 39 him into ICU. The head nurse 40 him and shouted, “Get that kid out of here now! No children are allowed.” Karen glared steel-eyed into her face. “He is not 41 until he sings to her sister!” Karen pulled Michael to his sister’s bedside. He gazed (凝视) at the tiny baby losing the battle to live. He began to sing in a pure hearted 42 .“You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. You make me 43 when skies are gray.”Immediately the baby girl responded. The pulse (脉搏) rate became calm and steady.Keep on singing, Michael!“You never know, dear, how much I love you. Please don’t take my sunshine away.” The baby’s breathing became as 44 as a kitten’s purr.“The other night, dear, as I lay sleeping, I dreamed I 45 you in my arms.”Tears covered the face of the head nurse.The next day, the little girl was much better and then, within a week, she was 46 enough to go home!NEVER GIVE UP ON THOSE YOU LOVE. LOVE IS SO INCERDIBLY POWERFUL.35. A. brother B. sister C. cousin D. friend36. A. no B. much C. little D. some37. A. since B. so C. till D. but38. A. always B. never C. still D. almost39. A. brought B. headed C. passed D. directed40. A. watched B. noticed C. pushed D. punished41. A. walking B. running C. leaving D. speeding42. A. mouth B. words C. voice D. eyes43. A. happy B. sad C. weak D. lovely44. A. smooth B. quiet C. fast D. sweet45. A. took B. caught C. supported D. held46. A. big B. good C. well D. old阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)AIt is easy to say “to be Best Friends Forever (BFF)”. However, a true BFF helps out when the other is in trouble, not just once or twice, but for a lifetime.Milo is six years old. He has become Eddie’s BFF. They are special because they are not humans, but dogs. Their owner, Angie Baker, brought them up. They spent many years playing together.However, last year, Eddie suddenly started walking into dustbins and walls. Soon he lost his eyesight. When Milo felt something was wrong, he decided to act as Eddie’s “guide” dog. He leads Eddie through the house. When they go for walks, he holds Eddie’s leash (狗链).Once, Milo had to spend a few nights at the hospital himself. Poor Eddie often bumped (碰撞) into walls and furniture. Ever worse, he got lost during walks. Angie realized how much Eddie depended on his friend. Luckily, Milo is now fine and back at his BFF’s side, guiding him through life again.47. Eddie’s BFF is _______.A. Milo B. Angie C. Baker D. himself48. What is Eddie’s problem A. He lost his friend. B. His leg was broken.C. He lost his eyesight. D. His owner dislikes him.49. What does Milo do for Eddie A. He takes Eddie to the park. B. He acts as Eddie’s guide.C. He stays with Eddie at the hospital. D. He finds food and drinks for Eddie.BHere at the Fort Collins Club, we love families! We offer a number of different kinds of activities to keep you kids active and also allow time to yourself.Kid’s ClubKids have a place of their own – Kids' Club! A place for kids from 6 weeks to 12 years tohave fun while you are working out.Our kid’s Club childcare facility (设施) allows you to drop the kids off, do physical exercise or visit our spa.Please feel free to stop in duringour regular hours to meet our friendly staff and to get familiar with the Kids' Club!Club HouseCheck the Club House to see what games and youth activities are offered throughout the week. Our outdoor pool, open in summer, brings smiles and endless kid fun while you relax poolside. Children between the ages of 7-11 can be in the Club House unsupervised (无需看管的).However, parents need to sign them in and out.Kids’ Club HoursMonday and Wednesday: 8:00am— 8:00pm Tuesday, Thursday, Friday: 8:30am — 8:00pm Saturday: 8:00am — 2:00pm Sunday: 9:00am —4:00pmMore information about Fort Collins Club can be found on our website: www..50. While children do activities in Kid’s Club, their parents _______.A. must look after them B. can take exerciseC. must leave the club D. can swim with their children51. What does the underlined words“stop in” mean A. make a short visit B. make a phone callC. wait for a long time D. surf on the Internet52. Kids’ Club opens _______.A. at 6:00 am on Monday B. at 7:00 am on MondayC. at 8:00 am on Sunday D. at 9:00 am on Sunday53. Where does this passage probably come from A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map.C. A fitness website. D. A news report.COn May 2, 2012, Ashok Gadgil became the winner of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation (全球创新奖). Each year, the honor is given to an inventor who has made a big difference in the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. He spent thirty years helping people in need. His inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help,”Gadgil said.In the 1990s, Gadgil designed his first life-saving invention after more than 10,000 people died from Bengal cholera (孟加拉霍乱) because of the clean water crisis (危机) in India. His invention uses ultraviolet light to kill deadly disease-carrying germs (细菌) from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water (about 21 cups). So far, the invention has provided safe drinking water for more than five million people in India and other developing countries.Gadgil’s another important invention is the Berkeley-Darfur Stove (炉具). The long and violent war in Darfur, Sudan, has caused many people to move to foreign countries and live in refugee camps (难民营). They are given food aid. But people still have to travel a long distance five times a week to gather firewood to cook meals. This can be dangerous because of street violence in the area. To avoid danger, some spend much of their money used to feed their families buying firewood.The stove Gadgil created cuts fuel usage by 55%. That means people wouldn’t have to leave the camps to find firewood as often. The invention also helps to save homes more than $300 a year. About 125,000 people and their families have been helped.As a professor, Gadgil encourages his students, “Be optimistic (乐观的) when you try a hard problem,” he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big influence on the world.”54. Ashok Gadgil was given the honor because _______.A. he was a famous professor and physicist at UC, BerkeleyB. he improved the lives of people in developing countriesC. he spent thirty years helping people in needD. he developed useful inventions with his team55. Which of the following statements about Gadgil is TRUE A. He helped about 125,000 people in India.B. He spent lots of money on his inventions.C. He used his knowledge to help people in need.D. One of his inventions could cure Bengal cholera.56. What do people benefit from the Berkeley-Darfur Stove A. They can sell stoves to make a living.B. They can save both time and money.C. They can be protected from diseases.D. They can cook their food easily.DThe art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox (自相矛盾): it orders us to hold tightly to its many gifts even while it forces us to give up everything at last. As an old saying goes, “A man comes into this world with his fist clenched (握紧拳头), but when he dies, his hand is open.”Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wonderful, and full of beauty. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth too late. We remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.We remember a beauty or a love that disappeared. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered and that we failed to react with love when it was gentle.A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized following a serious heart attack and had been in intensive care (特别护理) for several days. It was not a pleasant place.One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard.As we got out from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That’s all there was to my experience, just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was — how warming, how sparking, how brilliant! I looked to see whether anyone else was enjoying the sun’s golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the beauty of each day, too busy with something unimportant. Life’s gifts are valuable — but we are too careless of them.So, we should never be too busy for the wonder and awe of life. We should hold fast to life, but also learn to let go. This is the second side of life’s coin, the opposite pole of its paradox. We must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world belongs to us, that whatever we want can or will be ours if we work with full force. But then reality finally hits us, and slowly but surely this truth comes to us.57. What can we learn from Paragraph 1 A. Life seems strange with opposite ideas.B. Life teaches us to hold tight to our life.C. Life is a box of chocolates with secrets.D. Life is mainly about birth and death.58. The writer may agree that _______.A. wise people can easily realize what they lost in timeB. people in sickness usually understand life much betterC. it does us harm to think about what happened in the pastD. we must accept our losses and then move onto a new life59. The writer uses the example in Paragraph 4-6 in order to _______.A. explained the importance of keeping healthyB. tell a meaningful story about his life in the hospitalC. show his regret about not enjoying the sunshine in the pastD. prove people fail to enjoy something small but valuable七、阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一样为多余选项。(共8分,每小题2分)Planet EarthWelcome to Planet Earth Museum, a museum where you can learn some interesting facts about the world we live in.“ 60. Who knows, maybe you’ll see them all one day! Where shall we go first, children “Forests!”Forests are home to over half of the world’s animals and plants. Trees clean the air and produce oxygen (O2) for us to breathe. Every day we throw away hundreds of trees in paper and card and we destroy more than 36 football fields of forests.61 . They transfer (传递) the sun’s heat into the air and move it around the world. A lot of the rubbish we produce on land pollutes the oceans. Turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and die when they eat them.At opposite ends of the world, the Arctic and Antarctic are freezing cold lands. 62 . The fuel we use for energy makes the earth warmer. As it gets warmer, the ice melts (融化) and the sea rises. The land disappears.Rivers collect rain water and carry it to the oceans. 63 , so it is safe for us to drink. Farms and factories pollute the rivers with pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemicals. Every day we flush (冲掉) 50L of dirty water down the toilet.This is a green world, where people respect nature and live a long and healthy life. Wouldn’t you like to live here A. It is so cold that the sea it covered in iceB. There are many amazing places on EarthC. Thanks a lot for your visit to our museumD. Along the way, plants take in and clean the waterE. The oceans are home to millions of sea animals八、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)I was walking around in a shopping mall, when I saw a Cashier (收银员)hand a little boy some money back. The boy was about five years old.The Cashier said, “I’m sorry, but you don't have enough money to buy this doll.” The little boy was still holding the doll in his hand after hearing that. Finally, I walked toward him and asked him to whom he wished to give this doll.“It’s the doll that my sister wanted so much for Christmas. She was sure that Santa Claus would bring it to her,” he said. “I have to give the doll to my mommy so that she can give it to my sister.” His eyes were so sad. “My sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I thought that she could take the doll with her to give it to my sister.”My heart nearly stopped. The little boy looked up at me and continued, “I told daddy to tell mommy not to go yet. I need her to wait until I come back from the mall.”I quickly reached for my wallet and said, “Suppose we check again, just in case you do have enough money for the doll ”“OK, I hope I do have enough,” he said. I put some of my money with his without him seeing and we started to count it. There was enough for the doll and ever some spare money.Surprisingly, the little boy cried, “Thank you God for giving me enough money! And thank you for giving me extra money to buy a white rose for my mommy!” I could feel the satisfaction from his face.After I left, I couldn’t get the little boy out of my mind. Then I remembered a local newspaper article two days before, which mentioned a drunk driver who had hit a car occupied by a woman and a little girl. The little girl died right away, and the mother was seriously injured.Two days after meeting the little boy, I read in the newspaper that the woman had passed away. I couldn’t stop myself from buying a bunch of white roses to take to her funeral. In her coffin was the photo of her little son and the doll. I left teary-eyed, feeling that my life had been changed forever.64. How old was the little boy 65. To whom did the little boy wish to give the doll 66. Why did the little boy ask his father to tell his mother not to go yet 67. What happened to the little boy’s mother and sister 68. How did you feel after reading the story 书面表达(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)根据中文意思完成句子。69. 不好意思,我今天不能和你去划船,明天怎么样?Sorry but I can’t go boating with you today. _________________ tomorrow 70. 多好的天啊!咱们去散步吧。What a nice day! _____________________ for a walk.71. 有时候,直到珍贵的时刻成为了回忆,你才会真正认识到它的价值所在。Sometimes, you _______________ know the true value of a moment _______________ it becomes a memory.72. 并不是说我们在学习上花的时间越多,我们的成绩就越好。It is not always true that _______________ study, ______________ results we will get.73. 现在孩子们在他们的教育问题上有了更多的选择:有的愿意在国内学习,有的则更喜欢出国深造。Now children have more education choices. ________________________ at home, while ______________ for further education.十、文段表达(共15分)74. 根据英文题目和中文提示,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。生活中我们需要相互理解。在我们成长的过程中,常常有这样的情况:开始不理解的人或事,后来逐渐理解了。请以“I finally understood…”为题,描述一件你自己的亲身经历,并谈谈感受。所给词汇仅供选用。have a talk, grow up, experience, change, true love北京市西城区2013年初三二模英语试卷参考答案及评分标准 2013.6听力理解(共26分)一、听对话选图。(共4分,每小题1分)1. A 2. C 3.B 4. A二、听对话或独白选择答案。(共12分,每小题1分)5. A 6. B 7.A 8. A 9.B 10. C11. B 12. C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16. B三、听对话记录关键信息。(共10分,每小题2分)17. green 18. print 19. Turn off 20. minutes 21. parts知识运用(共25分)四、单项填空(共13分,每小题1分)22. A 23. B 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.A 28. C29. B 30. D 31.D 32.B 33.C 34. C五、完形填空(共12分,每小题1分)35. B 36. C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.B 41. C42. C 43. A 44.A 45.D 46. C阅读理解(共44分)六、阅读短文,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)47. A 48. C 49.B 50.B 51.A 52.D 53. C54. B 55. C 56.B 57.A 58.D 59. D七、阅读短文,还原句子。(共8分,每小题2分)60. B 61. E 62.A 63. D八、阅读短文,回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)64. He was about five years old.65. To his sister.66. Because he wanted to ask his mother to bring the doll to his sister.67. They were hit by a car and ended up dying.68. I felt sorry/sad for the little boy and deeply moved/touched.书面表达(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小题2分)69. Sorry but I can’t go boating with you today. What about tomorrow 70. What a nice day! Let’s go for a walk.71. Sometimes, you will never/won’t know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.72. It is not always true that the more time we spend on study, the better results we will get.73. Now children have more education choices. Some would like to study at home, while others prefer going abroad for further education.十、文段表达(15分)One possible version:I Finally Understanding HerI used to think that memory would be my strongest supporter forever.Then came my 14th birthday. Mommy prepared a wonderful celebration for me. Everything went perfectly until that night, before I kissed her good night as usual, she suddenly announced she would stop doing everything for me since I had grown up. At first, I thought she was just kidding. But the next morning, she refused to drive me to school. What’s more, other rules followed, such as I had to share some housework, arrange my pocket money by myself among other things.I got angry and couldn’t understand why she had changed so much. One night, I overheard a talk between my parents and my father asked if it was really necessary to treat me like this, then my mother replied: “I know it will be a little difficult for her now, but I have to prepare her for every challenge she’ll face in the future.”Finally, I understood her deep love for me.书面表达评分标准说明:先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次,然后在该档次内评出分数。第一档:(15—13分)完全符合题目要求,表达思想清楚,内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇,语言通顺,语意连贯,具有逻辑性。允许个别语言错误。第二档:(12—9分)符合题目要求,表达思想基本清楚,内容完整。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯。有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。第三档:(8—5分)部分内容符合题目要求,表达思想不清楚,内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,影响整体理解。第四档:(4—0分)与题目有关的内容不多,不能表达出自己的思想。只是简单拼凑提示内容,所写内容难以理解。听力录音稿Text 1:M: Do you have any pets, Amy W: Yes, I have a lovely rabbit!Text 2:M: Tomorrow is Sam’s birthday. What can we get for him.W: What about a CD He likes music very much.Text 3:M: What a beautiful dress! I like it!W: Mm, it’s very nice.Text 4:M: What is Lily doing W: Oh, Look! She is reading a book over there.Text 5:M: I haven’t seen you for months, Tom.W: Yes, Nancy. I’ve just returned from France.W: France Why did you go there M: To learn French.W: Where did you stay in France M: I mainly stayed in Paris and I also travelled to some other cities.W: What was the weather like there Was it as hot as that in Beijing M: Not at all! It was cool there.W: I hear it’s always windy, isn’t it M: I don’t think so. When I was there, it was always sunny.Text 6:W: Hello, Tom. Before you can join the club, we will interview you about your lifestyle. First, have you got any sisters or brothers Do your parents work M: Well, I’ve got a sister, and yeah, both of my parents work.W: OK. How much exercise do you do in your free time M: At school we have one P.E. lesson a week, but in my free time I don’t do much.W: Do you walk to school or cycle M: Neither. Dad takes me to school in his car.W: And how much time do you spend watching TV M: About four hours.W: Four hours a week. That’s good.M: No, four hours a day.W: I see. Do you like fruit M: Well, Mum gives me an apple every day, but sometimes I don’t eat it.Text 7:W: Wow, you sure have lots of cool things. What a great jacket!M: Yeah, it’s new. I really like it. I like clothes that are unusual.W: Yeah, me too. Say…is that a new book over there M. Yes, it is. It’s a book about volleyball. It talks about how to become a skilled player.W: Is it good M: Yeah, it’s great. I like writers who explain things well.W: Me, too. Umm, Jack M: Yes W: Oh…Where did you get that movie poster M: Oh, the Monster Lizard poster My brother got it for me. He works at a movie theater.W: It’s a great poster.M: Yeah, I love movies about monsters. Don’t you W: I sure do…Say Jack…Do you think your brother could get a Monster Lizard poster for me M: Probably. I’ll ask him.W: That would be great. Thank you.Text 8:W: Are you busy Dad I’ve got something I want to ask you. I’ve been invited to a party on Saturday. Would you give me a lift there M: Where is the party then W: It’s at Tom’s house. His sister turns 18 on Saturday, and they’re having a big celebration. It’s going to be brilliant. They’re having a BBQ and Tom’s Mum is a wonderful cook, so the food will be good. They’ve invited all their friends from school and their cousins will be there too.M: Well, I hope the weather stays warm so you can be outside. It sounds as if a lot of people are coming. But it all sounds fine to me. It’ll be nice for you to go out on the weekend. You spend to much time at home studying. Now, what time does the party start and what time does it finish W: It starts at eight o’clock and finishes at about half past twelve. But Jane’s going as well, and her Dad will bring us home afterwards.M: Mmm…it’ll be difficult for us to take you. Mum and I are going to see a film which starts at 7:15. Let’s see. Why don’t we pick you and Jane up at the end of the party Then you could ask Jane’s Dad to take you both to the party at eight.W: I’m sure that’ll be fine. I’ll go and give Jane a call.M: Just one thing though—we’ll pick you at 11:30. I really think that’s late enough.W: Oh Dad! That’s so early. Remember we don’t have to go school on Sunday! Don’t make us leave an hour before everyone else.M: Well, I suppose it is the weekend. Let’s say midnight. But no other than that.W: But…M: That’s my final decision! Now go and call Jane before I change my mind!W: Okay.Text 9:This week, in the local activities part of the show, we’re taking a look at Science World, the new place to visit for a family day out. During your visit you’ll be able to find out about all the latest developments in science, as well as trying lots of experiments on your own. This is no ordinary museum, I promise you! There’s a programme of special events, which next week includes an Electricity Workshop on Monday afternoon, and a chance to do some experiments with water on Wednesday morning. Of special interest is the Saturday evening talk: next week Science World welcomes a famous American scientist who is going to talk about space travel.It isn’t expensive to visit Science World, with tickets priced at three pounds for adults and two pounds for children. Talks and other special events are extra, though, costing 1.75 for adults and a reduced rate for children. If you want to go to s special event or talk, then book your tickets direct from Science World by calling 284311, or pick them up from the tourism office.While you’re at Science World, you’ll be able to enjoy a snack in the Newton café—it’s a bit small, but the food is good. It’s open all day and it has a lovely view because it’s beside the beach. Still not sure Well, why not give Science World a call at 284311 If you say you heard about Science World on this programme they will send you one free ticket to next month’s show which is about computers. It’s suitable for families and school parties.Text 10:M: Hello! This is HP company.W: Hi, Peter. It’s Anna from Accounts here. You know that printer we’ve just bought M: Yes W: Well, everyone keeps asking how to use it and I can’t find the operating instructions.M: Ah! Just follow three steps. Press the green button to switch it on. Then put it the paper. Click “print”. That’s it.W: Well, what should I do if it doesn’t work M: Well, it says here that the machine jams if the paper is too thick or if the paper sticks together. If that happens, turn off your printer first and then carefully pull out the jammed paper. And remember to pull the paper in the direction of the paper path, because if you pull the paper backwards you might damage the priter.W: Right. Are there any other possible problems M: The motor overheats sometimes. If that happens, just switch it off for 15 minutes before you switch it on again.W: OK. I’ve got it. Is there anything else I should know M: Yes, it is also wise to regularly clean your printer and its other parts.W: Thank you.北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷化 学 2013.6考生须知 1.本试卷共8页,共四道大题,35道小题,满分80分。考试时间100分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3.答案一律填写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.考试结束,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共25分)一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意,共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分。)1.下列生活中的变化,属于物理变化的是A.玻璃粉碎 B.牛奶变酸 C.蔬菜腐烂 D.高粱酿酒2.医生建议小莉多吃水果和蔬菜,医生让她补充的营养素主要是A.蛋白质 B.油脂 C.糖类 D.维生素3.用洗涤剂能除去餐具上的油污,是因为洗涤剂具有A.吸附作用 B.乳化作用 C.催化作用 D.溶解作用4.人们能够闻到茶香的原因是A.分子之间有间隔 B.分子在不断运动C.分子的质量和体积都很小 D.分子由原子构成5.雅安地震后紧急调运了含氯消毒剂等防疫药品。含氯消毒剂中的“氯”是指A.单质 B.元素 C.分子 D.离子6.下列图标中,表示 “禁止烟火”的是A B C D7.能保持氢气化学性质的是A.氢元素 B.氢原子 C.氢分子 D.氢离子8.科学家将铅和氪的原子核对撞,获得了一种质子数为118,相对原子质量为293的超重元素,该元素原子的核外电子数为A.47 B.57 C.118 D.1759.下列金属中,金属活动性最强的是A.Mg B.Cu C.Fe D.Na10.与氯化钙属于同一类物质的是A.硫酸 B.氢氧化钠 C.碳酸钠 D.镁11.工业上通过以下反应将二氧化硅(SiO2)转化为硅:SiO2+2C Si+2CO↑,该反应属于A.置换反应 B.分解反应 C.复分解反应 D.化合反应12.下列物质放入水中,不能使溶液温度升高的是A.生石灰 B.浓硫酸 C.食盐 D.烧碱13.下列物品与所用材料不对应的是A.汽车轮胎——橡胶 B.纯棉毛巾——合成纤维C.食品保鲜膜——塑料 D.不锈钢餐具——铁合金14.下列操作中,能鉴别空气、氧气和二氧化碳3瓶气体的最佳方法是A.闻气体的气味 B.伸入燃着的木条C.观察气体的颜色 D.倒入澄清石灰水15.关于铁在氧气中燃烧的反应,下列说法不正确的是A.物质的质量比为3︰2︰1 B.反应后固体的质量增加C.反应物都是单质 D.火星四射,生成黑色固体16.下列实验操作中,正确的是17.北京奥运火炬所用的燃料是丙烷(C3H8)。下列有关丙烷的说法不正确的是A.从分类上看:属于有机化合物B.从变化上看:完全燃烧生成水和二氧化碳C.从组成上看:由碳、氢两种元素组成D.从构成上看:由3个碳原子和8个氢原子构成18.下列说法中,不正确的是A.燃烧脱硫煤,有利于减少二氧化硫的排放B.装修会造成室内污染,污染物之一是甲醛C.废弃的塑料会造成“白色污染”,应就地焚烧D.香烟的烟气中含有一氧化碳,对健康有害19.下列现象不能用质量守恒定律解释的是A.铁放入硫酸铜溶液中固体质量增加B.浓盐酸敞口放置一段时间后质量减小C.镁条燃烧后生成物的质量比镁条的质量大D.煤燃烧后变成煤灰,煤灰的质量比煤的质量小20.下列有关燃烧和灭火的说法中,不正确的是A.用水可以灭火,是因为降低了可燃物的着火点B.油锅着火时可用锅盖盖灭,是因为隔绝了空气C.硫在氧气中燃烧比在空气中燃烧更剧烈,是因为氧气浓度不同D.山林中的隔离带可以控制火势蔓延,是因为隔离了可燃物21.下列有关物质的性质及其对应用途的叙述中,不正确的是A.铁能与某些盐溶液反应,铁可从废影液(含AgNO3)中回收银B.碱能与酸发生中和反应,熟石灰可用于改良酸性土壤C.盐酸能与金属氧化物反应,盐酸可用于焊接金属前除去金属表面的锈D.盐酸能与纯碱反应,盐酸可用于除去火碱中含有的少量纯碱22.亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)是一种常用的防腐剂,相关资料见下图。亚硝酸钠在食品中的添加量必须严格控制,我国规定每千克肉灌肠中亚硝酸钠的含量不得超过150 mg。下列说法不正确的是A.可用盐酸鉴别亚硝酸钠和食盐B.亚硝酸钠不可用作生活调味品C.亚硝酸钠受热分解放出的气体可能是NH3D.按国家标准,200 g 15 %的亚硝酸钠溶液至少可生产200 kg灌肠23.同学们用下图所示装置进行实验:若关闭K,通入气体X,澄清石灰水变浑浊。若打开K,缓缓通入气体X,澄清石灰水不变浑浊。则下列对气体X和溶液Y的推测正确的是X Y(足量)A CO2 NaOHB HCl Ca(OH)2C CO2 浓硫酸D HCl NaHCO324.甲、乙两种固体的溶解度曲线如右图所示,下列说法正确的是A.甲的溶解度大于乙的溶解度B.t1℃时,甲、乙饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数均为15%C.t2℃时,将甲、乙的饱和溶液降温至t1℃,甲析出的固体一定大于乙D.t2℃时,向30 g甲、乙中分别加入100 g水,所得溶液中溶质的质量分数甲一定大于乙25.为了探究实验室中久置的氢氧化钠固体的变质情况,同学们进行如下图所示的实验。下列分析和结论正确的是A.若II、III均有明显现象,则说明样品一定完全变质B.若D为白色固体,则溶液A是Na2CO3溶液C.若D为气体,则加入甲溶液的目的是证明样品已变质D.若D为白色固体、且溶液C为红色,则样品一定是部分变质第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共55分)二、填空题(共5个小题,共30分。)26.(6分)能源与环境成为人们日益关注的问题。(1)将浑浊的河水用右图所示的简易净水器进行净化,其中活性炭的主要作用是_____,净化后得到的水属于_____(填“纯净物”或“混合物”)。生活中降低水的硬度的方法是_____。(2)北京是极度缺水城市,应提倡节约用水。下列节水措施合理的是_____(填序号)。a.使用节水龙头 b.用喷灌、滴灌方法给农作物浇水c.用淘米水浇花 d.关停一些污染大、用水量大的工厂(3)天然气、煤和_____是常见的化石燃料,燃烧时产生二氧化碳,为减少它的排放,可将二氧化碳和氢气在催化剂和加热的条件下反应,转化为水和甲烷,该反应的化学方程式是_____。27.(6分)在宏观、微观、符号之间建立联系是化学学科的特点。(1)盐酸和硫酸是两种常见的酸,其溶液中都含有的阳离子是_____(填离子符号)。(2)现有下列微粒:①2O ②2O2 ③Al3+ ④SO42—,其中能表示2个分子的是_____(填序号);由③和④两种微粒构成的化合物的化学式是_____。(3)“三效催化转换器”可将汽车尾气中有毒气体处理为无毒气体,下图为该反应的微观示意图,其中不同的球代表不同种原子。下列说法中,不正确的是_____(填序号)。a.分子在化学变化中可分 b.此反应有单质生成c.原子在化学变化中不可分 d.参加反应的两种分子的个数比为1︰1(4)Ca(IO3)2是一种补碘剂,它是一种难溶于水的白色固体,可由碘酸钾(KIO3)溶液和氯化钙溶液进行复分解反应制得。① KIO3中碘元素的化合价为_____。②上述制得Ca(IO3)2反应的化学方程式是_____。28.(7分)金属在生产和生活中有广泛的应用。(1)右图是家用的台灯。图中标示的物质中,属于金属材料的有_____(填序号),其中铜质插头利用金属铜的_____性。(2)为防止铁螺丝钉生锈,常在其表面镀一层铬。镀铬能防锈的原因是_____。(3)硫铁矿【主要成分是二硫化亚铁(FeS2)】是一种重要的化工原料,常用来制备铁、硫酸和氯化铁,其工业流程示意图如下。【资料】Fe + 2FeCl3 = 3FeCl2① II中反应的化学方程式是 ,III中反应的化学方程式是 。② 结合上述流程,下列说法不正确的是 (填序号)。a.反应I的化学方程式为:4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2b.上述流程所涉及的物质中,硫元素的化合价有-2、+4、+6c.若向溶液乙和丙的稀溶液中分别加入足量的甲,会观察到完全相同的现象d.假设转化过程中无损失,150 t含FeS2 80%的硫铁矿最多可以制得98 t硫酸29.(5分)我国古代纺织业常将草木灰(主要成分K2CO3)和生石灰在水中混合,用上层清液漂白织物。【资料】①K2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3↓ + 2KOH②Ca(OH)2、K2CO3和KOH的部分溶解度如下表:温度/℃ 0 10 20 30 50溶解度/g Ca(OH)2 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14K2CO3 107 109 110 114 121KOH 97 103 112 126 140(1)20℃时,100 g水中最多可溶解 K2CO3的质量是 g,溶质的质量分数为50%的KOH溶液属于 溶液(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)。(2)某温度时,向一定量的饱和氢氧化钙溶液中加入少量生石灰,恢复到原温度,某些量随时间变化的关系如右图所示。则纵坐标可能表示的是 (填序号)。a. 溶质的质量 b. 溶剂的质量c. 溶液的质量 d. 溶质的质量分数e. 氢氧化钙的溶解度(3)20℃时,将1.38 g K2CO3固体放入100 g水中,并加入一定量的氢氧化钙,搅拌使其充分反应,恢复到原温度,过滤,得到质量为1.1 g的固体。所得滤液中的溶质是 ,加入氢氧化钙的质量是 g。30.(6分)甲、乙、丙、丁、X、Y、Z是初中常见的7种物质,它们由H、C、O、Cl、Fe中的一种或几种元素组成。① 甲由两种元素组成,发生分解反应生成两种维持人体正常生理活动的必需物质。② 乙是甲分解的产物之一,可分别与不同物质反应转化为X和Y,且X与Y、X与乙均可发生反应。③ 丙由两种元素组成,可发生中和反应,生成一种常用的调味品。④ 丁与Y的组成元素相同,向丁中加入一定量的丙,只得到Z的黄色溶液。工业上常用Z溶液来腐蚀镀铜电路板,Z溶液与铜反应生成氯化铜和另一种盐。请根据以上描述,回答下列问题:(1)甲发生分解反应的化学方程式是 。(2)乙的化学式是 。乙转化成X的反应的化学方程式是 。(3)当③中的反应恰好完全时,溶液中的微粒有 。(4)上述7种物质中含铁元素的物质有 种。Z溶液与铜反应的化学方程式是 。三、实验题(共3个小题,共19分。)31.(6分)根据下图所示实验,回答以下问题。A B C(1)仪器a的名称是 。(2)A中反应的化学方程式是 。(3)将B中烧杯倾斜,使试管中的稀盐酸流入烧杯中,反应的化学方程式是 ,反应结束后将烧杯放回天平托盘上,天平指针 (填“向左偏”、“向右偏”或“指向正中”)。(4)C中的现象是 ,此现象说明CO2具有的性质是 。32.(6分)某小组同学利用如下装置进行了两组实验,研究密闭装置内压强变化的原因。同学们点燃一定质量的红磷和木炭,分别放入250 mL的集气瓶中,迅速盖紧胶塞,后续实验记录如下(装置气密性良好)。实验装置 实验操作和现象第一组 冷却至室温,打开K。A中水倒吸入集气瓶内约30 mL,B中水倒吸入集气瓶内约50 mL。第二组 ①冷却至室温,打开K。C、D均无明显现象。②关闭K,分别将2 mL的溶液滴入集气瓶,一段时间后,打开K。C中部分水倒吸入集气瓶中,D中水不倒吸。③将装置D中的集气瓶放在盛有冰水的水槽中。部分水倒吸入集气瓶中。根据实验回答问题:(1)红磷与氧气反应的化学方程式是 。(2)向A、B实验后的集气瓶中滴加紫色石蕊溶液,溶液变成红色,此时溶液的pH 7(填“>”、“<”或“=”) 。A、B中倒吸水的体积不同,产生该现象的原因是 。(3)向D中集气瓶内滴加饱和NaHCO3溶液,一段时间后,打开K,水不倒吸的原因是 。(4)上述实验中,导致集气瓶内压强降低的因素有 (填序号)。a.物质的性质 b.装置内的温度 c.装置内气体的分子数目33.(7分)化学小组同学发现在面包制作过程中加入了一些白色粉末,使面包变得松软。同学们对白色粉末的成分进行探究。【查阅资料】① 经调查,市场上有以下3种主要产品。商品名称 小苏打 食臭粉 混合碱性膨松剂主要成分 碳酸氢钠 碳酸氢铵 碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢铵② 氨气(NH3)是一种有刺激性气味的气体,极易溶于水,其水溶液显碱性。③ 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑; NH4HCO3 NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑;2NH3+H2SO4 = (NH4)2SO4【实验准备】同学们选用下列实验装置,经组合进行实验:【实验记录】实验序号 实验装置 实验现象 实验结论及分析实验1 选用A、B、C C中澄清石灰水变浑浊 有CO2生成,C中反应的化学方程式是实验2 选用A、 和E E中紫色石蕊溶液变成 色 有NH3生成【实验分析】根据上述实验,甲同学认为该粉末的主要成分为食臭粉,乙同学认为上述实验不能确定该粉末为食臭粉。为进一步确认其组成及含量,同学们设计了如下定量实验:实验序号 实验目的 实验装置 数据记录 实验结论实验3 测定生成CO2的质量 选用A、B、D 装置D增重a g 该粉末为“混合碱性膨松剂”实验4 测定生成NH3的质量 选用A、B、D 装置B增重1.7 g(1)实验3中装置B的作用是 。(2)实验3中测得装置D增重a g,a的范围是 。(3)若测得a为92.4,该碱性膨松剂中NaHCO3与NH4HCO3的质量比为 (结果用最简整数比表示)。四、计算题(共2个小题,共6分。)34.氢燃料汽车由氢气和氧气反应提供能量。计算1 kg氢气完全反应消耗氧气的质量。35.经分析某生石灰干燥剂已部分变质,取18 g此干燥剂放入烧杯中,加入150 g 14.6%的稀盐酸充分反应,产生2.2 g CO2;再继续加入过量的碳酸钙粉末,充分搅拌至不再产生气泡为止,产生2.2 g CO2;过滤后,向滤液中加入164.4 g水,计算此时溶液中溶质的质量分数。北京市西城区2013年初三二模化学试卷参考答案及评分标准 2013.6一、选择题(每小题只有1个选项符合题意。共25个小题,每小题1分,共25分。)题号 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 A D B B B D C C D C题号 1l 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20答案 A C B B A D D C B A题号 21 22 23 24 25答案 D C D D C说明:除特别注明外,每空1分。其他合理答案参照本标准给分。(阅卷请对化学用语严格要求!)二、填空题(共5小题,共30分。)26.(6分)(1)吸附 混合物 煮沸 (2)abcd(3)石油 CO2 + 4H2 CH4 +2H2O27.(6分)(1)H+ (2)② Al2(SO4)3 (3)d(4)①+5 ②2KIO3 + CaCl2 2KCl + Ca(IO3)2↓28.(7分)(1) ①②④ 导电 (2) 隔离潮湿的空气(3) ①Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2②bcd(0,2分)29.(5分)(1)110 不饱和 (2)ac (3) KOH和Ca(OH)2 130.(6分)(1)2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑ (2)O2 2C + O2 2CO(3)Na+、Cl—、H2O (4)3 2FeCl3 + Cu = 2FeCl2 + CuCl2三、实验题(共3小题,共19分。)31.(6分)(1)烧杯 (2)2H2O 2H2↑ + O2↑(3)Na2CO3+ 2HCl= 2NaCl+ CO2↑ + H2O 向右偏(4)烧杯中蜡烛火焰由低到高依次熄灭CO2的密度比空气大,不支持燃烧且不可燃32.(6分)(1)4P + 5O2 2P2O5 (2) < 红磷用量不同,消耗氧气的量不同(3)瓶内的气体没有被饱和NaHCO3溶液吸收,瓶内压强不变 (4)abc(0,2分)33.(7分)【实验记录】实验1 CO2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO3↓ + H2O实验2 D 蓝【实验分析】(1)除尽水蒸气和氨气 (2)> 4.4(3)3360︰79(2分)四、计算题(共2小题,每题3分,共6分。)34.(3分)解:设消耗O2的质量为。2H2 + O2 2H2O2×2 321 kg……………… (1分)答:略。35.(3分)解:设生成CaCl2的质量为x,加入的CaCO3粉末中被消耗的CaCO3的质量为y。2HCl ~ CaCl2 CaCO3 ~ CO273 111 100 44150 g×14.6% x y 2.2 g…… (1分)溶液的质量=18 g+150 g+5 g+164.4 g— 2.2 g— 2.2 g=333 g ………………… (1分)溶液中CaCl2的溶质的质量分数= =10 % ………………… (1分)答:略。高温A.倾倒液体B.过滤D.蒸发C.稀释浓硫酸小资料亚硝酸钠:有咸味,易溶于水,有毒。在320℃时分解生成有刺激性气味的气体,与盐酸作用会放出红棕色气体。石灰水澄清气体X溶液Y3015溶解度/gt1t2温度/℃甲乙溶液B溶液C溶液A固体样品加足量水III加少量甲溶液加酚酞溶液IIID硫铁矿矿渣(主要成分Fe2O3)甲溶液乙FeCl3固体SO2SO3丙O2,高温Ⅰ过量稀盐酸,过滤ⅡⅢO2H2O多步处理高温aCO2Na2CO3粉末水B500 mL水红磷KA红磷K500 mL水K木炭CNaOH溶 液500 mL水DK木炭500 mL水饱和NaHCO3溶液空气空气氧气氧气△△A B C D E催化剂△高温MnO2点燃通电点燃点燃2×232=1kg g=8 kg……………… (1分)……………… (1分)10044=2.2 gy73111=150 g×14.6%=33.3 gy=5 g333 g33.3 g×100 %北京市西城区2013年初三二模试卷数 学 2013. 6考生须知 1.本试卷共6页,共五道大题,25道小题,满分120分。考试时间120分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.1.的倒数是A. B.3 C. D.2.下列运算中正确的是A. B. C. D.3.若一个多边形的内角和是720°,则这个多边形的边数是A.5 B.6 C.7 D.84.若,则的值为A.8 B.6 C.5 D.95.下列图形中,既是中心对称图形又是轴对称图形的是6.对于一组统计数据:3,3,6,3,5,下列说法中错误的是A.中位数是6 B.众数是3 C.平均数是4 D.方差是1.67.如图,边长为3的正方形ABCD绕点C按顺时针方向旋转30 °后得到正方形EFCG,EF交AD于点H,则四边形DHFC的面积为A. B.C. 9 D.8.如图,点A,B,C是正方体三条相邻的棱的中点,沿着A,B,C三点所在的平面将该正方体的一个角切掉,然后将其展开,其展开图可能是A B C D二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9.函数中,自变量的取值范围是 .10.若把代数式化为的形式,其中,为常数,则= .11.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=52°,点D,E分别是AB,AC的中点.若点F在线段DE上,且∠AFC=90°,则∠FAE的度数为 °.12.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点A在第一象限,点B在x轴的正半轴上,∠OAB=90°.⊙P1是△OAB的内切圆,且P1的坐标为(3,1).OA的长为 ,OB的长为 ;点C在OA的延长线上,CD∥AB交x轴于点D.将⊙P1沿水平方向向右平移2个单位得到⊙P2,将⊙P2沿水平方向向右平移2个单位得到⊙P3,按照同样的方法继续操作,依次得到⊙P4,……⊙Pn.若⊙P1,⊙P2,……⊙Pn均在△OCD的内部,且⊙Pn恰好与CD相切,则此时OD的长为 .(用含n的式子表示)三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13.计算:.14.如图,点C是线段AB的中点,点D,E在直线AB的同侧,∠ECA=∠DCB,∠D=∠E.求证:AD=BE.15.已知,求代数式的值.16.已知关于的一元二次方程有实数根.(1) 求的取值范围;(2) 当为负整数时,求方程的两个根.17.列方程(组)解应用题:水上公园的游船有两种类型,一种有4个座位,另一种有6个座位.这两种游船的收费标准是:一条4座游船每小时的租金为60元,一条6座游船每小时的租金为100元.某公司组织38名员工到水上公园租船游览,若每条船正好坐满,并且1小时共花费租金600元,求该公司分别租用4座游船和6座游船的数量.18.为了解“校本课程”开展情况,某校科研室随机选取了若干学生进行问卷调查(要求每位学生只能填写一种自己喜欢的课程),并将调查的结果绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图:请根据以上信息回答下列问题:(1) 参加问卷调查的学生共有 人;(2) 在扇形统计图中,表示“C”的扇形的圆心角为 度;(3) 统计发现,填写“喜欢手工制作”的学生中,男生人数∶女生人数=1∶6.如果从所有参加问卷调查的学生中随机选取一名学生,那么这名学生是填写“喜欢手工制作”的女生的概率为 .四、解答题(本题共20分,每小题5分)19.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,一次函数的图象与轴交于点A(,0),与轴交于点B,且与正比例函数的图象的交点为C(,4) .(1) 求一次函数的解析式;(2) 若点D在第二象限,△DAB是以AB为直角边的等腰直角三角形,直接写出点D的坐标.20.如图,四边形ABCD中,∠BAD=135°,∠BCD=90°,AB=BC=2,tan∠BDC= .(1) 求BD的长;(2) 求AD的长.21.如图,以△ABC的一边AB为直径作⊙O,⊙O与BC边的交点D恰好为BC的中点,过点D作⊙O的切线交AC边于点E.(1) 求证:DE⊥AC;(2) 连结OC交DE于点F,若,求的值.22.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点经过变换得到点,该变换记作,其中为常数.例如,当,且时,.(1) 当,且时,= ;(2) 若,则= ,= ;(3) 设点是直线上的任意一点,点经过变换得到点.若点与点重合,求和的值.五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题8分)23.在平面直角坐标系xOy中, A,B两点在函数的图象上,其中.AC⊥轴于点C,BD⊥轴于点D,且 AC=1.(1) 若=2,则AO的长为 ,△BOD的面积为 ;(2) 如图1,若点B的横坐标为,且,当AO=AB时,求的值;(3) 如图2,OC=4,BE⊥轴于点E,函数的图象分别与线段BE,BD交于点M,N,其中.将△OMN的面积记为,△BMN的面积记为,若,求与的函数关系式以及的最大值.24.在△ABC中,AB=AC,AD,CE分别平分∠BAC和∠ACB,且AD与CE交于点M.点N在射线AD上,且NA=NC.过点N作NF⊥CE于点G,且与AC交于点F,再过点F作FH∥CE,且与AB交于点H.(1) 如图1,当∠BAC=60°时,点M,N,G重合.①请根据题目要求在图1中补全图形;②连结EF,HM,则EF与HM的数量关系是__________;(2) 如图2,当∠BAC=120°时,求证:AF=EH;(3) 当∠BAC=36°时,我们称△ABC为“黄金三角形”,此时.若EH=4,直接写出GM的长.25.如图1,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线和抛物线W交于A,B两点,其中点A是抛物线W的顶点.当点A在直线上运动时,抛物线W随点A作平移运动.在抛物线平移的过程中,线段AB的长度保持不变.应用上面的结论,解决下列问题:如图2,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知直线.点A是直线上的一个动点,且点A的横坐标为.以A为顶点的抛物线与直线的另一个交点为点B.(1) 当时,求抛物线的解析式和AB的长;(2) 当点B到直线OA的距离达到最大时,直接写出此时点A的坐标;(3) 过点A作垂直于轴的直线交直线于点C.以C为顶点的抛物线与直线的另一个交点为点D.①当AC⊥BD时,求的值;②若以A,B,C,D为顶点构成的图形是凸四边形,直接写出满足条件的的取值范围.北京市西城区2013年初三二模数学试卷参考答案及评分标准 2013.6一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8答案 C C B A B A B D二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9 10 11 125 2n+3阅卷说明:第12题第一、第二个空各1分,第三个空2分.三、解答题(本题共30分,每小题5分)13.解:原式= ……………………………………………… 4分=. ……………………………………………… 5分14.证明:∵点C是线段AB的中点,∴AC=BC. …………………………1分∵∠ECA=∠DCB,∴∠ECA+∠ECD=∠DCB+∠ECD,即∠ACD=∠BCE. …………………2分在△ACD和△BCE中,∴△ACD≌△BCE. ……………………………………………… 4 分∴AD=BE . ……………………………………………… 5分15.解:…………………………………………… 2分. …………………………………………………… 3分∵, 即, ……………………………………………4分∴原式. ……………………………… 5分16.解:(1) ∵关于的一元二次方程有实数根,∴. ….….…..…..…………..……………………1分∴. …..….….…..…………..……………………2分(2) ∵为负整数,∴. .….……..…..…………..…………………… 3分此时方程为. .…….…..…………………4分解得x1= 3,x2= 4. .…….…..…………………5分17.解:设租用4座游船条,租用6座游船条. .….…..…..…………………… 1分依题意得 ….………..……………………3分解得 ..…………..……………………4分答:该公司租用4座游船5条,6座游船3条. .….….…..…..…………………5分18.解:(1) 80; ……………………………………………………………………1分(2) 54; ……………………………………………………………………3分(3) . …………………………………………………………………… 5分四、解答题(本题共20分,每小题5分)19.解:(1)∵点C(,4)在直线上,∴,解得. ……………… 1分∵点A(,0)与C(3,4)在直线上,∴ ……………… 2分解得∴一次函数的解析式为. ……………………………………… 3分(2) 点D的坐标为(,)或(,). ……………………………………… 5分阅卷说明:两个点的坐标各1分.20.解:(1)在Rt△BCD中,∠BCD=90°,BC=2,tan∠BDC= ,∴.∴CD=. …………………………………… 1分∴由勾股定理得BD== . ……… 2 分(2)如图,过点D作DE⊥AB交BA延长线于点E .∵∠BAD=135°,∴∠EAD=∠ADE=45°.∴AE=ED . ………………………………………………………………… 3分设AE=ED= x ,则AD= x .∵DE2+BE2=BD2,∴x2+(x+2)2=()2. ………………………………………………… 4分解得x1= 3(舍),x2=1 .∴AD= x = . ………………………………………………………… 5分21. (1)证明:连接OD .∵DE是⊙O的切线,∴DE⊥OD,即∠ODE=90° . ……………………………………………1分∵AB是⊙O的直径,∴O是AB的中点.又∵D是BC的中点, .∴OD∥AC .∴∠DEC=∠ODE= 90° .∴DE⊥AC . ……………………………………………………………… 2分(2)连接AD .∵OD∥AC,∴. …………………………………………………………………… 3分∵AB为⊙O的直径,∴∠ADB= ∠ADC =90° .又∵D为BC的中点,∴AB=AC.∵sin∠ABC= =,故设AD=3x , 则AB=AC=4x , OD=2x . ………………………………………… 4分∵DE⊥AC,∴∠ADC= ∠AED= 90°.∵∠DAC= ∠EAD,∴△ADC∽△AED.∴.∴.∴.∴.∴. ………………………………………………………………… 5分22.解:(1)=; ………………………………………1分(2)=,=; ……………………………………… 3分(3) ∵点经过变换得到的对应点与点重合,∴.∵点在直线上,∴.∴ ……………………………………… 4分即∵为任意的实数,∴ 解得∴,. ……………………………………… 5分五、解答题(本题共22分,第23题7分,第24题7分,第25题8分)23.解:(1) AO的长为,△BOD的面积为 1; ………………………… 2分(2) ∵A,B两点在函数的图象上,∴点A,B的坐标分别为,. ………………… 3分∵AO=AB,由勾股定理得,,∴.解得或. …………………………………………… 4分∵,∴. ………………… 5分(3) ∵OC=4,∴点A的坐标为.∴.设点B的坐标为,∵BE⊥轴于点E,BD⊥轴于点D,∴四边形ODBE为矩形,且,点M的纵坐标为,点N的横坐标为.∵点M,N在函数的图象上,∴点M的坐标为,点N的坐标为.∴.∴.∴.∴, ………………………… 6分其中.∵,而,∴当时,的最大值为1. …………………………………… 7分24.解:(1)补全图形见图1, ………1分EF与HM的数量关系是EF=HM ; ………2分(2)连接MF(如图2).∵AD,CE分别平分∠BAC和∠ACB,且∠BAC=120°,∴∠1=∠2=60°,∠3=∠4.∵AB=AC,∴AD⊥BC.∵NG⊥EC,∴∠MDC =∠NGM =90°.∴∠4+∠6=90°,∠5+∠6=90°.∴∠4=∠5.∴∠3=∠5.∵NA=NC,∠2=60°,∴△ANC是等边三角形.∴AN=AC.在△AFN和△AMC中,∴△AFN≌△AMC. …………………………………………… 3分∴AF=AM.∴△AMF是等边三角形.∴AF=FM,∠7=60°.∴∠7=∠1.∴FM∥AE.∵FH∥CE,∴四边形FHEM是平行四边形. ……………………………………… 4分∴EH=FM.∴AF=EH. …………………………………………… 5分(3) GM的长为. …………………………………………… 7分25.解:(1) ∵点A在直线上,且点A的横坐标为0,∴点A的坐标为.∴抛物线的解析式为. …………………………… 1分∵点B在直线上,∴设点B的坐标为.∵点B在抛物线:上,∴.解得或.∵点A与点B不重合,∴点B的坐标为. …………………………… 2分∴由勾股定理得AB=. …………………… 3分(2) 点A的坐标为. …………………………… 4分(3) ①方法一:设AC,BD交于点E,直线分别与轴、轴交于点P和Q(如图1).则点P和点Q的坐标分别为, .∴OP=OQ=2.∴∠OPQ =45°.∵AC⊥轴,∴AC∥轴.∴∠EAB =∠OPQ =45°.∵∠DEA =∠AEB=90°,AB =,∴EA=EB =1.∵点A在直线上,且点A的横坐标为,∴点A的坐标为.∴点B的坐标为.∵AC∥轴,∴点C的纵坐标为.∵点C在直线上,∴点C的坐标为.∴抛物线的解析式为.∵BD⊥AC,∴点D的横坐标为.∵点D在直线上,∴点D的坐标为. …………………………………………… 5分∵点D在抛物线:上,∴.解得或.∵当时,点C与点D重合,∴. …………………………………………… 6分方法二:设直线与轴交于点P,过点A作轴的平行线,过点B作轴的平行线,交于点N.(如图2)则∠ANB=90°,∠ABN=∠OPB.在△ABN中,BN=ABcos∠ABN,AN=ABsin∠ABN.∵在抛物线随顶点A平移的过程中,AB的长度不变,∠ABN的大小不变,∴BN和AN的长度也不变,即点A与点B的横坐标的差以及纵坐标的差都保持不变.同理,点C与点D的横坐标的差以及纵坐标的差也保持不变.由(1)知当点A的坐标为时,点B的坐标为,∴当点A的坐标为时,点B的坐标为.∵AC∥轴,∴点C的纵坐标为.∵点C在直线上,∴点C的坐标为.令,则点C的坐标为.∴抛物线的解析式为.∵点D在直线上,∴设点D的坐标为.∵点D在抛物线:上,∴.解得或.∵点C与点D不重合,∴点D的坐标为.∴当点C的坐标为时,点D的坐标为.∴当点C的坐标为时,点D的坐标为. …… 5分∵BD⊥AC,∴.∴. …………………………………………… 6分②的取值范围是或. ………………………………… 8分说明:设直线与交于点M.随着点A从左向右运动,从点D与点M重合,到点B与点M重合的过程中,以A,B,C,D为顶点构成的图形不是凸四边形.图2图1图1图2备用图图1图2备用图___图1图2图1图2 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 北京市西城区2013年中考二模化学试题.doc 北京市西城区2013年中考二模数学试题.doc 北京市西城区2013年中考二模物理试题.doc 北京市西城区2013年中考二模英语试题.doc 北京市西城区2013年中考二模语文试题(WORD版).doc