牛津译林版八年级英语上册 Unit2 School life 知识点总结(WORD版无答案)

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牛津译林版八年级英语上册 Unit2 School life 知识点总结(WORD版无答案)

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Unit2
Key points
have to与must
have to侧重客观上的必须,译为“不得不”
must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须
must没有时态的变化,而have to有时态的变化
在否定结构中, don't have to 表示“不必”,mustn't 表示“禁止”。
句子:吉姆得待在家里照顾妹妹。
Jim stay at home and for his little sister.
关于hard
adj. 困难的;坚硬的;努力的 adv. 努力地,费力地;大量地
短语:努力学习
句子:
回答这些问题很困难。 .
冰像岩石一样坚硬。The ice is rocks.
这些石头太硬了。 .
雨下得很大。 .
这个老人在费力呼吸。The old man is breathing .
like 作为介词像,后接名词,代词或动词的ing形式
be like 多指性格,品质方面相像,也可指外貌或外表上的相像
look like 看起来像,侧重外表相像
e.g. What is your sister like 你姐姐怎么样?/你姐姐长什么样?
She is kind. /She is a beautiful girl with long hair.
e.g. What does your sister look like 你姐姐长什么样?
She is tall and slim.
句子:那就像听音乐一样。
few, a few ; little, a little 区别
few 没有几个,几乎没有 表示否定意义 修饰可数名词复数
a few 有几个,有一些 表示肯定意义
little 很少,几乎没有 表示否定意义 修饰不可数名词
a little 少量,一点儿 表示很定意义
句子:
房间里几乎没有人。There are in the room.
在美国,我有几个朋友。
玻璃杯里几乎没有水。There’s in the glass.
她懂一点儿英语。
The physics problem is too hard, so students can work it out.
little B. few C. a little D. a few
拓展:quite a few 意为
vacation n.假期(c./u.)多用于美式英语,英式英语常用holiday
短语:
在度假 去度假
度假 寒/暑假
句子:你的假期怎么样?
fall n. 秋天;瀑布(c.)
句子:瀑布多美啊!
practise vi. 练习,操练 vt.后接-ing形式
e.g. My sister practises playing the piano every day.
拓展:practice 名词 “实践,练习”常作不可数名词,美式英语中亦可以作动词
你如果想学好英语,就需要大量的练习。
French adj. 法国的;法国人的;法语的 n. 法语;法国人
法国:
句子:
我喜欢法国葡萄酒。 I like wine.
这个年轻人来自法国。The young man is from .
Learning foreign languages is fun.动名词(短语)作主语
单个的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
句子:
在阳光下看书对你的眼睛不好.
is bad for your eyes.
跑步是每天锻炼的一个好方式。
a good way every day.
拓展:有些动名词(短语)作主语的句子可以改为it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语的句子
Taking a walk after supper is good for our health.(同义句转换)
foreign adj. 外国的 在句中作定语或表语
学习一门外语不容易。
拓展:foreigner n.(c.)外国人
Are there any foreigners in your city
borrow,lend与keep
borrow 对主语而言是借入,指从别人或别处借东西,为非延续性动词 borrow sth. from sb./spl.从某人/某处借某物
lend 对主语而言是借出,指把自己的东西借给别人,为非延续性动词 Lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.将某物借给某人
keep “持有”,指借用某物一段时间,为延续性动词 Keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段时间
句子:
他从图书馆借了一本词典。
昨天我把我的自行车借给他了。
这本书你可以借一周。
usual adj. 平常的,通常的 ;unusual adj. 不同寻常的
短语:像往常一样 ;一个平常的问题 ;不寻常的一天
关于end n. 末端,尽头,末尾
at the end of…在……的末尾/尽头;
in the end 最后,终于 =at last=finally
这个月末我们要举行一次测试。We will have a test .
在街道的尽头有一家医院。There is a hospital
最后他做出了这道题目。He worked out the problem
拓展:by the end of…到……末为止:用于表示时间的场合,往往有不迟于的意味
We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。
discuss vt. 讨论,议论 discuss sth. discuss sth. with sb.
句子:你们为何不和你们的老师讨论一下呢?
拓展:discussion n. 讨论
have a discussion about sth. 就某事进行讨论
seem 连系动词 “似乎;好像;看来”,常用以下结构:
seem(系动词)+形容词==seem to be+adj. 好像,似乎
e.g.: He seems very angry.
这本书似乎非常有趣。The book interesting.
seem+名词
e.g.: He seems a nice man
seem to do sth 意为“似乎做某事,好像做某事”
e.g.: It seems to rain.
他好像要离开了。
It seems that+从句 意为“看起来好像.”
e.g.: It seemed that he was very happy.
似乎你是对的。
offer vt. 主动提出,自愿给予 offer的主要用法:
offer sth. 提供某物
他给我们的假期提了一个好的计划。He a good plan our holiday.
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.主动给某人提供某物
他端给我一杯酒。He a glass of wine.
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
汤姆主动提出开车送我们去公共汽车站。
Tom the bus station.
win vt. 赢得,赢,获胜 过去式: 名词: (获胜者c.)
宾语常是比赛、战争或奖赏等词语 如:race, match, game, competition, war, prize
短语:赢得比赛
e.g. He won 5﹩in the lottery.
他在冲浪比赛中获得第一名。He in the surfing competition.
Some battles you win, some battles you lose. 胜败乃兵家常事。
拓展:beat 过去式:beat 过去分词:beaten
宾语是比赛、竞争的对手,即指人或队伍的名词或代词。
We beat the strongest team in the football match this time.
farther 与 further
farther 只表示距离上“更远,较远”
further 指在距离方面“更远,较远”时可与farther互换,还可表示抽象意义,指程度上“更多,更进一步,更深一层”
她太累了以至于不能再往前走了。She is
你如果需要更进一步的帮助,请给我们打电话。 ,please phone us.
很多父母送孩子去国外深造。
Many parents their children foreign countries .
Armstrong collected Moon rocks to take back to the Earth for (far)research.
比较级+than any other+单数名词 “比其他任何一个……都……”,该结构形式上是比较级,实际上,是最高级的含义。后面可以用of或in短语表示比较范围。
e.g. Tom swims faster than any other boy of the ten.(=Tom swims fastest of the ten boys.)
注意:“比较级+than the other +名词复数”可替换“比较级+than any other+单数名词”
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. (同义句)
=
=
The number of 与a number of区别
The number of … ……的数量 The number of the students in our class is fifty.
A number of … 许多,大量 修饰可数名词复数A number of students are running on the playground.
How many students are there in your school?
=
spend, take, cost, pay用法区别
Spend 主语是 spend…on…; spend…doing sth.… My brother spends a lot of money on/buying books.
Pay 主语是 pay for sth.; pay sb. for sth. How much money did you pay for the food
Take 主语常是 It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes us an hour to practice playing basketball every day.
Cost 主语是 The skirt cost me 300 yuan.
have+一段时间+off 休息(一段时间),放(一段时间的假)
寒假他们将休息三个星期。They will the winter holiday.
another+ 数词+可数名词复数=数词+more+可数名词复数
我还需要2本书。
I need .=I need
I also keep writing in English about my daily life.
1)keep(on)doing sth.持续做某事 keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人一直做某事
2)daily adj.日常的,相当于everyday
He writes for the daily newspaper. 他为那家日报撰稿。
区分:everyday与every day
daily普通用词,特指每天发生一次的,也可指按日计的。everyday一般日常用词,指日常发生的、无须特别关心的。every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。
As we all know, it's not polite to keep others for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
look through 浏览,快速查看
Before you answer these questions, you’d better look through them first.
If you want to know more about space, please the book A brief History of Time.
Look through B. look around C. look after D. look down upon
How long; how soon; how often区别
How long 多长时间;物体多长 提问时间段,用for或since引出的时间短语(从句)回答
How soon 多久 多用于将来时,用“in+一段时间”回答
How often 多久一次 提问动作发生的频率
你在那待了多久?--大约2周。
这条河多长?大约15千米。
他们要多久回来?他们2周后回来。
你多久回家一次?一周一次。
quite 和 very
quite quite+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数;修饰动词时放在动词之前 一个相当不错的男孩: 他很喜欢数学。
very a+very+adj.+可数名词单数;very much 修饰动词,一般句末 一个很不错的男孩: 他很喜欢数学。
Grammar
如何比较数量的多少
可用more…than…结构表示“……比……多”
可用fewer/less…than…结构表示“……比……少”,fewer后接可数名词复数,less后接不可数名词
丹尼尔学的科目比我少。Daniel studies .
她在衣服上花的钱比你少。She
三者或三者以上数量的比较
The most 最多,后面可数不可数名词都可以
The fewest/least表示最少,前者修饰可数名词复数,后者修饰不可数名词
在我们班鲍勃得分最多。Bob got in our class.
在我们三个人中,安迪喝的橙汁最少。Andy drank of us three.
Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project.I’m sure he can do the work with money and people.
less; less B. fewer;more C. more;fewer D. less; fewer
副词的比较级和最高级的构成
一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
  (1)单音节词
  如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
  tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
  (2)双音节词
  如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
  如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
  如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
  如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
  busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
  如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
  different→more different→most different
  easily→more easily→most easily
  注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
  例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
  (2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".
  It is a most important problem.
  =It is a very important problem.
有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
  如:good→better→best well→better→best
  bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
  old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
  many/much→more→most little→less→least
  far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
副词比较等级的用法
A+…副词的比较级+than B He works harder than you(do 助动词代替v.).
Sb. likes A better than B. 和B比起来更喜欢A She likes dancing better than B.
Which/who …like better, A or B Which sport do you like better, football or basketball?
副词比较级前可加much, a lot, far, even, a little等修饰成分来加强语气。Tony jumps much higher than Jim.
副词的最高级
副词的最高级后通常有一定的比较范围,后跟of all…, of…,in…, among等短语。副词最高级前面的the可以省去。
Amy writes the most carefully in our class.
You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little
more slowly B. most slowly C. more loudly D. most loudly
Emma looked after her pet dog of all her friends.
careful B. most careful C. more carefully D. the most carefully
In the piano contest, my brother didn’t play well and I did .
very well B. much better C. very good D. even worse
小练习
词汇运用
There are a few differences between American and (Britain)English.
The little girl practices (play)the piano for two hours every two days.
If you (not be)careful, you won’t be able to answer the question correctly.
Who has the (few)comic books among you four
Millie and Simon (discuss)how to design the advertisement at the moment.
We will do everything we can do to finish (discuss)the problem in half an hour.
There are at (little)thirty people at the bus stop now.
Which team (win)the basketball game last week?
My brother did even (bad). He did (bad)of all the students in our class.
I read an article (write)by a girl from the USA yesterday.
完成句子
My uncle left the cinema when the movie was nearly over. (同义句)
My uncle left the cinema of the film.
Sandy dances best of all the girls at her school.
Sandy dances girls at her school.
约翰比丹尼尔学的课程少,所以他的空闲时间比丹尼尔多。
John studies Daniel, so he has Daniel.
`当我们做自己不喜欢的事情时,时间似乎过得更慢一些。
Time slowly when we do the things we dislike.
他很懒惰,是他们班里读书最少的。
He is lazy and in his class.

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