资源简介

(共36张PPT)
现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）
人教版八年级下册
在英语中共计16种时态。初中阶段主要掌握8种时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
一般态 进行态 完成态 完成进行态
现在时 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
将来时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
过去将来时 过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
现在
过去
将来
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般现在时
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性（即事实）的动作或状态。
“主系结构”
“主谓结构”
肯定句：主语+ be (am/ is/ are) +其他.
否定句：主语+ be (am/ is/ are)n't +其他.
一般疑问句：be (am/ is/ are) +主语+其他
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be (am/ is/ are)+主语+其他？
肯定句：主语+动词原形+其他.
否定句：主语+ don't +动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+do +主语+动词原形+其他
主+be
主+动
主语(单三)+动词变单三
主语(单三)+借助doesn’t
主语(单三)+借助does
主语(单三)+借助does
一般将来时
一般过去时
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。
“主系结构”
“主谓结构”
肯定句：主语+ be (was/were) +其他.
否定句：主语+ be (was/were)n't +其他.
一般疑问句：be (was/were) +主语+其他
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be (was/were)+主语+其他？
肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.
否定句：主语+ didn't +动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其他
主+be
主+动
现在
过去
将来
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在
过去
将来
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态。
肯定句：主语+be(am/ is/ are) +动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
否定句：主语+be(am/ is/ are)n't +动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
一般疑问句：Be(Am/ Is/ Are)+主语+动词-ing(现在分词)+其他？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(is/are).
否定回答：No,主语+be(is/are) not.
持殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am/ is/ are)+主语+动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
结构
过去进行时
现在
过去
将来
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
表示过去进行的动作或存在的状态。
肯定句：主语+be(was/were) +动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
否定句：主语+be(was/were)n't +动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
一般疑问句：Be(was/were)+主语+动词-ing(现在分词)+其他？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(was/were).
否定回答：No,主语+be(was/were) not.
持殊疑问句：疑问词+be(was/were)+主语+动词-ing(现在分词)+其他
结构
现在
过去
将来
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
“be going to 形式”
will形式
肯定句：主语+be (am/ is/ are) going to+动词原形+其他.
否定句：主语+be (am/ is/ are)n't going to+动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句：Be (Am/ Is/ Are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be (am/ is/ are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？
肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其他.
否定句：主语+won’t +动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其他？
一般将来时
表示将来某一时段的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
现在完成时的用法：
过去
现在
将来
I had lunch.
I’m not hungry now
I have already had lunch.
1、表示_____发生或已经完成的某一动作对_____造成的影响或结果。
过去
现在
2、表示动作或状态从_____某一时间开始，一直_____到_____,而且可能还要继续下去。
过去
现在
将来
I lived here in 2018.
I still live here now.
I have lived here for three years.
过去
现在
持续
表示过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在，常伴有介词短语___________ 或 ______________，此外还有_________________________等等。
“for+时间段”
“since +时间点”
until now/up to now/so far
汤姆在这家公司上班三年了。
Tom has worked in this company _____________.
上个星期以来他一直很忙。
He has been busy ______________.
for three years
since last week
表示过去到现在的时间段内_____的动作，到现在已经_____。
重复
在过去的几个月，我已经读这本小说三次了。
I have read this novel three times in the past months.
这周到目前为止.我们已经参加三次考试了。
We have taken three tests so far this week.
完成
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的_______。
我已经完成作业了。
I have already finished my homework.
有人把窗户打破了。
Someone has broken the window.
影响
① 肯定句：主语 + ___________ + __________ + 其他.
现在完成时的结构：
have/has
过去分词
主语 助动词 过去分词 其他成分
I（第一人称单数） have V.（动词）+ed 其他
he, she, it（第三人称单数） has you（第二人称单数/复数） have we, they（第一、三人称复数） have 我买了许多有关西方风俗的书。
I _____________ lots of books about Western customs.
他已经看过这部电影了。
He ______ already _______ the film.
have bought
has seen
② 否定句：主语 + ___________ + __________ + 其他.
have/has not
过去分词
主语 助动词 否定词not 过去分词 其他成分
I（第一人称单数） have have not(haven’t) V.（动词）+ed 其他
he, she, it（第三人称单数） has has not(hasn’t) you（第二人称单数/复数） have have not(haven’t) we, they（第一、三人称复数） have have not(haven’t) 埃里克还没有买到飞机票。
Eric ____________ his plane tickets yet.
从离开那天起，迈克一家就再也没去过加拿大。
The Mikes _______________ Canada since the day they left.
hasn't bought
haven't been to
③ 一般疑问句：_________ + 主语 + _________ + 其他
否定回答：_________, 主语 + ______________.
肯定回答：_________, 主语 + ___________.
Have/Has
Yes
have/has
haven’t/hasn’t
过去分词
No
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
你读过《西游记》吗？
是的，我已经看了。
不，我还没看过。
_______ you ________ Journey to the West
Have read
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
她在这里住了两年了吗？
_______ she _________ here for 2 years
是的，他住两年了。
Yes, she has.
不，他没有住两年
No, she hasn't.
Has lived
③ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+_________ + 主语 + _________ + 其他
have/has
过去分词
你到这儿多久了？
_______________ have you been here
你去过长城几次？
_____________________ have you been to the Great Wall
你读过哪本书？
_______________ have you read
How long
How many times
Which book
过去分词变化形式
(直 去 双 改 特)
过去分词与动词过去式变法规则基本一样。
变化规则 例词 一般情况下____________ work worked
jump jumped
look looked
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，___________ like liked
live lived
use used
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，____________________________ stop stopped
plan planned
shop shopped
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，要先____________，再加-ed，以元音字母加“y”结尾的动词，直接加-ed study studied
carry carried
play played
直接加-ed
去e加ed
双写该辅音字母后再加-ed
改“y”为“i”
过去分词不规则变化
(特)
现在式 过去式 过去分词 现在式 过去式 过去分词
be have
read [ri d] see
eat fight
fall feel
find fly
forget get
give go
hit hurt
know lead
was/were
been
had
had
read[red]
read[red]
saw
seen
ate
eaten
fought
fought
fell
fallen
felt
felt
found
found
flew
flown
forgot
forgotten
got
got
gave
given
gone
went
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
knew
known
led
led
现在式 过去式 过去分词 现在式 过去式 过去分词
leave hear
keep write
learn shoot
sit sing
sleep speak
spend stand
sweep swim
take teach
tell think
throw understand
wear win
left
left
heard
heard
kept
kept
learnt
learnt
shot
shot
sat
sat
sang
sung
slept
slept
spoke
spoken
spent
spent
stood
stood
swept
swept
swam
swum
took
taken
taught
taught
told
told
thought
thought
threw
thrown
understood
understood
wore
worn
won
won
wrote
written
3. ABA格式(动词原形与过去分词同形)
run→ran→run
come→came→come
become→became→become
4. ABC格式(动词原形、过去式、过去分词均不同形)
bear→bore→born
break→broke→broken
grow→grew→grown
5. AAB格式(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat→beat→beaten
1. AAA格式(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
let→let→ let
put→put→put
read→read→read
2. ABB格式(过去式与过去分词同形)
feel→felt→felt
keep→kept→kept
sleep→slept→slept
不规则变化需要总结
现在完成时标志词
现在完成时不能和表示_______________连用，如：yesterday，last year，in 1980，three days ago，just now，when I came in等。现在完成时标志词有：already_______，ever_______，just_______，so far _______，yet__________，before_________，for+时间段___________，since+加时间点/一个过去式的句子____________________。
过去的时间状语
“已经”
“曾经”
“刚刚”
“至今”
“已经、还”
“…之久”
“自从…（到现在）”
“以前”
1、already_______，常用于________中，通常放在_______________，也可放________。
“已经”
肯定句
动词过去分词前
句末
我已经读过这本故事书了。
我已经洗了衣服。
I have ________ read this storybook.
I’ve washed my clothes _________.
already
already
表示吃惊等感彩时, already也可用于____________（口语）
疑问句
你（真的）已经见过他了
Have you met him _______
already
2、yet用在_______中意为______，用在______中意为______，放在______。
疑问句
“已经”
否定句
“还”
句尾
他已经找到他的手表了吗？
不，还没有。
Has he found his watch _____
No, not _____.
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
The woman hasn’t found her dog _____.
yet
yet
yet
3、just意为________，放在_________________。而just now__________，放在________，且代表___________________。
“刚刚”
动词过去分词之前
“刚刚”
句尾
“一般过去时”
他刚从学校回来。
He has _____ come back from school.
我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
I finished my homework ________.
just
just now
4、so far意为________________________, 意义和用法相同的还有___________，___________放在___________。
“倒现在为止；迄今为止”
up to now
up till now
句首或句尾
到现在为止，我已乘火车旅行三次了。
I have travelled by train three times ________.
________, I have travelled by train three times.
so far
So far
5、ever意为_______，放在_________________。
“曾经”
动词的过去分词之前
你曾去过北京吗？
Have you _____ been to Beijing
我未曾和她说过话。
I haven't ______ spoken to her.
ever
ever
6、before意为_______，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在______，
“以前”
句末
你以前去过上海吗？
Have you been to Shanghai ________
我以前没吃过四川菜。
I haven’t eaten Sichuan food ________.
before
before
7、since意为______________，后面要跟______，或_________________，用于过去完成时。
“自从…(到现在)”
时间点
一个过去式的句子
8、for 意为_____________，后面要跟________，用于过去完成时。
“……之久”
时间段
________ 1984 ________ yesterday
________ about two days ________ two years
________ I was 10 for about two days ________ 10 years ago
________ threyears ago ________ over twenty years
________ she was a little girl ________ 10 years ago
He has been away ________ last week. ________ one week
since
for
since
since
since
since
since
since
since
for
for
for
口诀记忆： 句尾：since，for，yet
动前：ever，just
动前句尾：already
so far 前后，before后，
现在完成已看透。
________ 5 years ________ last Monday
________ you came here ________ a long time
________ 2018 ________ his 7th birthday
________ 2 days ________ 2 days ago
for
for
since
for
since
since
since
since
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一
现在
过去
将来
比较:1. A: What did you do last weekend
B: I saw a new movie.
2. A: Would you like to see the movie with me
B: Thanks for your inviting, but I have seen it already.
总结 一般过去时 现在完成时
1.用法不同
(只谈论上周末做的事情，不涉及现在)
(影响：因为已经看过了，所以现在不去看了)
只表示过去的动作或状态
(不涉及现在)
表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果
(与现在有联系)
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别二
比较:1. Tom ___________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
2. My family ___________ (go) to Beijing last year.
3. I ___________ (can ) ride a bike when I was 6 years old.
4. I ________________ (not finish) my homework yet.
5. He ___________ (work) in the city for eight years.
6.判断正误: I have visited my grandparents yesterday.
He has finished his work two days ago.
(注:现在完成时的不能与表示过去的时间状语连用)
swept
went
could
haven’t finished
has worked
总结 一般过去时 现在完成时
2.时间状语不同
already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, for+时间段，since+时间点\从句...
yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 1995，in the past, just now, when...
have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别
have/has been to 表示_________________，暗指现在_____________。后可接次数，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示_________________，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 我姐姐去过大连两次。
你曾经去过西湖吗
have/has gone to 表示______________，暗含说话时该_____________。 吉姆在哪里
他去英国了。
“曾经去过某地”
“去过某地几次”
“去某地了”
已不在那里了
人不在现场
My sister has been to Dalian twice.
Have you ever been to the West Lake
Where is Jim
He has gone to England.
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为_____________和____________。延续性动词，如：____________，______________，____________等。短暂性动词，即动作______________的动词，如：_________，__________，___________，__________，__________。延续性动词，就是可以______________________，只要你不累。短暂性动词就是________的事情。
当句子中出现____________，___________，___________________，___________等，这些表示一段时间状语的时候，不能使用短暂性动词，要使用延续性动词。用于现在完成时。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
延续性动词
短暂性动词
learn“学习”
work“工作”
play“玩耍”
一开始便结束
come“来”
go“去”
begin“幵始”
become“变成”
buy“购买”
想做多久就做多久的事情
一瞬间
“for+一段时间”
“since+从句”
“since+表示时间点的名词”
how long
（口诀：看见since，for，how long；廷续性动词不能忘）
他的祖父已经去世十年了。
His grandfather has died for ten years.
His grandfather has been dead for ten years
(×)
(√)
现在
过去
将来
我的兄弟自从五年前就在军队服役了。
My brother has joined the army since five years ago.
My brother has been in the army since five years ago.
(×)
(√)
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
put on穿上
meet遇见
borrow借来
buy买
join加入
catch/get+病得病
leave
come to/go to
reach/arrive in(at) 来，去，到达
wear穿着
know认识
keep持有
have拥有
be in在……里了
have+病有病
be away from 离开……了
be in/at 在……
die死
be dead死了的
start/begin开始
be on进行了
finish/end结束
be over结束了
open打开
be open (adj.) 开着的
close关闭
be closed (adj.)关着的
marry结婚
be married 已婚的
go back to / return to 返回
be back to回来了
go out出去
be out在外面了
become变成
be是
fall asleep/get to sleep 入睡
be asleep睡着的
Becky (has been, has become) a doctor for ten years. She likes her job very much.
2) We are late. The movie (has started, has been
on) for ten minutes.
3) Ken, you should return the book to the library. You______________
(have borrowed, have kept) it for more than two weeks.
4) I (have bought, have had) this bike since I was ten,
so I want to buy a new one.
has been
has been on
have kept
have had
练一练
练一练
下面是句子的同义句转换，将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
1. He went to school two hours ago. (一般过去时)
get to/ arrive in ( at ) /reach+地点→be in+地点
He has been in school for two hours.
(现在完成时，将go to school变为be in school, for +时间段)
He has been in school since two hours ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
2. I borrowed the book five days ago.(一般过去时)
borrow借(短暂) →keep保存(延续)
I have kept the book for five days.
I have kept the book since five days ago.
3. He bought the bike three years ago.
4. She fell asleep one hour ago.
5. My sister became a nurse one year ago.
He has had the bike for three years.
He has had the bike since three years ago.
She has been asleep for one hour.
She has been asleep since one hour ago.
My sister has been a nurse for one year.
My sister has been a nurse since one year ago.
buy买(短暂)→have拥有(延续)
fall asleep入睡(短暂)→be asleep睡着的(延续)
become变成(短暂)→be是(延续)
谢谢
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