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(共20张PPT)
UNIT 3
Back to the past
Grammar and usage
1) History is a dialogue between the present and the past.
Lead-in
What is history
History is ……
2) History is what you remember.
a noun phrase
a noun clause
S+V+P
Predictive Clauses
One historian is worthy to be mentioned in the course of Chinese history.
He is acknowledged as the father of Chinese history for his masterpiece
—— the Shiji.
Task 1: Read the passage on P34 and answer the question:
What contributed to Sima Qian’s success as a great historian
His interest in history (his father’s influence),
his learning of Chinese classics,
his extensive traveling across the country,
his position as Grand Historian,
his diligence,
his perseverance/strong-will.
对... ...感兴趣
周游全国
获取广泛的信息
接替他父亲成为太史令
方便他接触... ...
整理可用的资源
take an interest in ...
travel extensively across the country
get a wide range of information
succeed his father as Grand Historian
facilitate his access to ...
sort out available resources
Useful Expressions
需要艰苦的努力
有效且高效地
继续某事
被关进监狱
身体上和精神上
无论顺境还是逆境
Useful Expressions
require painstaking efforts
effectively and efficiently
carry on with ...
be put in prison
physically and mentally
in good times or bad times
Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
Task 2: Read the passage again and find the sentences with predicative clauses.
Working out the rules
We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.
We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _________. We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) _____________. We can use what, why, when, where, etc. to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) ___________.
statement
yes-no question
wh-question
linking verbs
be
sensory
look,sound,smell,
taste,feel,touch
become,go,turn,fall,come,get,grow,run
the change
to continue to be (状态）
remain,stay,keep
to give the impression of being or doing sth
seem,appear
turn out,prove
the result
The question is what caused the accident.
That mountain is no longer what it used to be.
The problem is whose work is the best.
The question is which of us should go.
The question is who(m) we should trust.
1. 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有语义。
2. 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语，本身具有语义。
This is why she was late for the meeting.
The question is how he did it.
That is where he was born.
That’s where I first met her.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
(注意：if不能引导表语从句。)
3. 从属连词 whether, as if/though, because 在从句中不充当成分，但具有语义。
He looks as if he were a rich man.
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
(as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时 )。
1. I was late for school this morning. That's ________ I stayed up too late last night. (果→因)
2. I stayed up too late last night. That's ________ I was late for school this morning. (因→果)
3. The reason _______ I was late for school this morning is _______ I stayed up too late last night.
because引导的表语从句常用于“That's because…”结构中,说明产生上述结果的原因;
why引导的表语从句说明由上述原因导致的某种结果。
because
why
why
that
The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
It seems that he was late for the train.、My suggestion is that we should tell him.
4. that在从句中不充当成分，本身没有语义，只起连接作用。
当主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand, plan)”等名词时,表语从句谓语用“should+动词原形”形式, should可以省略。
Yesterday is history.
Tomorrow is a mystery.
Today is a gift.
That’s ___________ it’s called the present!
why/because
Applying the rules
Complete the sentences with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.
1 I got six books from the library. The question is _______ one I should read first!
2 The truth is _______ there are many reasons why wars break out.
which
that
3 We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases. The problem is _______ some visitors do not pay attention to it.
that
4 The museum was closed. That was _______ we couldn’t see the historical documents.
why
5 The two historians disagree with each other. The question is _______ it is possible to prove who is right.
whether
6 Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is _______ we learn about important events in history.
how
In the first century BCE, Sima Qian complete the Shiji, which describes historical events and figure from the era of he Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own time.
Totalling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years, the Shiji consists of 130 chapters in five categories. What makes this book remarkable in content is (1) _______ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. Another thing to note is (2) _______ it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calender and so on.
that
that
One of the main features of the Shiji is (3) ______ the biographies are presented －in the form of stories rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vividly. Some of the phrases employed in this book are still in constant use.
Even today, the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them. Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format. Together with the Shiji, these were edited in the Qing Dynasty. That is (4) ______ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories. They are among the most important records of Chinese history.
how
why
Write a short paragraph to express your ideas, suggestions or hope to salute and learn from a great historical figure with at least 5 sentences in predicative clauses.

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