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(共33张PPT)
Welcome
apple
banana
orange
fruits
Which word is more general
1.
A. Banana is high in potassium yet low in salt,
making it the perfect to beat blood pressure.
B. If you eat an apple before each meal,
you're likely to lose weight.
C. Oranges are rich in Vitamin C, which is
necessary for healthy skin
D. They are many reasons why people like
eating fruits.
2.Choose the most general sentence
3.They are many reasons why people like eating fruits. The health news about fruit gets better and better . Banana is high in potassium yet low in salt, making it the perfect to beat blood pressure. If you eat an apple before each meal, you're likely to lose weight. Oranges are rich in Vitamin C, which is necessary for healthy skin.
What’s the main idea of this paragraph
How to get the main idea
主旨归纳题
Ⅰwhat are common forms of questions
●main idea（主旨类）：
The main idea of the passage is ...
What is the passage mainly about
●best title（取题目类）：
What's the best title/headline for the passage
The best title for the passage might be ...
●purpose(作者意图类)：
What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage？
The author's purpose ... is to show ...
Let’s practice
How to get the main idea of a paragraph
Para.1
One of the most important uses of gold is for money. Gold can be used to make rings, earrings, and other things. Gold is also used to make gold leaf, a very flat ribbon （带）of gold that is often used on picture frames. Cups and dishes can also be made from gold. Therefore,gold has many uses.
Q: The best title of this passage is ________.
A. the most important uses of gold
B. wide uses of gold
C. many things made of gold
D. the importance of gold.
[分析] 这一段是从金子最主要的用途谈起，然后用also, often等词列举出其他用途，最后归纳出 “gold has many uses”这一主题，与B选项一致。
B. wide uses of gold
Para.2
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
The topic of the paragraph is that _________.
A. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts
B. we depend on various people for different reasons
C. lonely people don’t have many social problems
D. lonely people don’t have many friends
Para.3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire
goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is
afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings
light to many dark situations. Finding something in the
back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand;
a camper also needs one after the light of the camp fire
has been out.
The paragraph mainly talks about_____________.
A flashlight is helpful to children.
Use a flashlight when the camp fire is out.
Flashlights are useful in many dark situations.
D. Ways of using flashlights
detail
detail
detail
Para.4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four
years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from
Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
detail
detail
detail
Types Of Paragraph Structures
type The position of the topic Information words
At the beginning
in the end
In the middle
No clear topic sentence
for example, e.g. for instance\ i.e.
\that is \first\ second \ finally \
once\another time \for one thing …
so \therefore\thus \in short\
as a result\that is why
Exercise1
Over the past ten years, we have made some big steps forward in our common struggle for development, security and human rights. Aid and debt relief have increased, making the world economy somewhat fairer. At last, the world is taking action against HIV/AIDS. There are fewer wars between countries than there used to be; and many civil wars have ended. More Governments are elected by, and responsible for, the people whom they govern. And all States protect people from war crimes, racial cleansing and crimes against humanity.
. The paragraph mainly describes______________.
A. the fact that the United Nations has become stronger.
B. the achievements that the United Nations has made.
C. the threats that the United Nations has come across.
D. the steps that have been taken to help developing countries.
a
b
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A. Parents and students don’t think music is important.
B. Music education is beneficial and important for all students.
C. People usually think music is not important. Actually, it’s wrong.
How to get the main idea of a passage
①When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
②Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
③The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
What is the main idea of the passage
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Arts are important for people.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative
details
Paragraph ideas
Passage idea
①When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
People usually think music education is not important,
Actually, it’s not right.
②Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music expresses our character and value.
③The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Arts are good ways for people to “talk” to each other.
Music is an effective way of communication for people.
①When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
②Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
③The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
People usually think music education is not important, Actually, it’s not right.
Why
Music expresses our character and value.
Music is an effective way of communication for people.
Music education needs more attention
①When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
②Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
③The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
What is the main idea of the passage
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Arts are important for people.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative
too narrow
too broad
Irrelevant info.
proper
Characteristics of correct answers
1. It should be _________(general, detailed), but not over generalized.
2．It should cover ______(some, most) key points of the passage/paragraph.
general
most
Exercise 2
It is burning hot in Mali, an island country in Africa, where the highest temperature even reach 55℃, while the average temperature of the whole year there maintains (维持) above 45℃. But to our great surprise, the tourism (旅游线) there is getting very well. Nearly all the year round the tourists can be seen coming and going.
That is because there are a large number of “In-the-Well Hotels” in Mali. It means that first of all, people have dug a thirty-meter-deep well under very hot land surface, then in the wall of the well several empty caves, about two meters high each, are made. In these caves beds are arranged.
Obviously, In-the-Well Hotel, not as hot as it is out of the well, remains only about 12~20℃. In the cave rooms, tourists can find all the daily necessaries.
It not only frees the guests of the country from the hot weather but also gives them a new and fresh experience. So it is appealing(吸引人的) to the tourists coming all parts of the world.
The best title for this passage should be ________.
A Mali, A Burning Hot Country B Tourism In Mali
C The Well Hotel D A way to Develop Tourism
c
Why
A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”, this idea is dangerous.
　　Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.
　　Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.
　　In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.
　　Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
d
What is the main idea of the passage
　A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.
B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.
C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.
D. The future of science will be influenced by the
dangerous ideas.
遵循 “四字”原则:
accurate---
inclusive---
novel---
用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想.
要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点
准确地表达出来.
要排除那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要
内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小.
所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发
读者的阅读兴趣.
general---
遵循 “四字”原则:
准---
全---
新---
用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想.
要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点
准确地表达出来.
要排除那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要
内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小.
所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发
读者的阅读兴趣.
精---
TIPS
Put yourself in the writer’s shoes !
Characteristics of wrong answers （干扰项特征）:
3. irrelevant information（无中生有）
文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。
1.too narrow(以偏概全) 干扰项故意片面地理解
文章，只表达局部信息或某一细节。
2. too broad(过度概括）扩大文章的主题
内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。
Thanks for
your kind attendance!

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