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一般过去时的用法

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.
Jim didn't go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday
What did Jim do yesterday
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式：
词义 现在（原形） 过去
是 am, is (be) was
是 are (be) were
成为 become became
开始 begin began
弯曲 bend bent
吹 blow blew
买 buy bought
能 can could
捕捉 catch caught
选择 choose chose
来 come came
切 cut cut
做 do, does did
画 draw drew
饮 drink drank
吃 eat ate
词义 现在（原形） 过去
感觉 feel felt
发现 find found
飞 fly flew
忘记 forget forgot
得到 get got
给 give gave
走 go went
成长 grow grew
有 have, has had
听 hear heard
受伤 hurt hurt
保持 keep kept
知道 know knew
学习 learn learned, learnt
允许，让 let let
躺 lie lay
词义 现在（原形） 过去
制造 make made
可以 may might
意味 mean meant
会见 meet met
必须 must must
放置 put put
读 read read
骑、乘 ride rode
响、鸣 ring rang
跑 run ran
说 say said
看见 see saw
将 shall should
唱歌 sing sang
坐下 sit sat
睡觉 sleep slept
说 speak spoke
度过 spend spent
扫 sweep swept
过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_____________ fly____________ plant____________
are ____________drink_____________ play___________go______________ make ________
does_____________ dance__________ worry___________
ask ___________taste_____________ eat____________ draw____________ put ____________throw____________ kick___________ pass____________ do __________
Be动词的过去时练习
1．I _______ at school just now.
2．He ________ at the camp last week.
3．We ________ students two years ago.
4．They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5．Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6．There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7．There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8．The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
Be动词的过去时练习（2）
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1．I ______ an English teacher now.
2．She _______ happy yesterday.
3．They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4．Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5．The little dog _______ two years old this year.
6．Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7．There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8．Today _______ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、中译英
1. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
My storybook _______ beside the watch ______ _______.
2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
Their ________ ________ in the bedroom _______ __________.
3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
There _________ two _________ in the garden ______ _________ ___________.
三、中译英
1. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
My storybook _______ beside the watch ______ _______.
2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
Their ________ ________ in the bedroom _______ __________.
3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
There _________ two _________ in the garden ______ _________ ___________.
一般现在时
一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态
1.be动词的变化。
2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：　We often play basketball after school.
否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school.
一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它
如： Do you often play basketball after school l Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？
如： What do you often do after school
l 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does
如： He swims well.
如：He doesn’t swim well..
如：Does he swim well Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？
如： How does your father go to work
三．第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式）(1)多数动词直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….
(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes
does washes crosses mixes brushes
(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s: buys says
四．时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…
现在进行时
一．意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。
二．构成: be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式
I’m doing my homework now .I’m not doing my homework now.
Are you doing your home work now Yes, I am . No , I’m not .
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他？
What are you doing now
三. 现在分词的构成：
（1）一般在动词末尾直接加ing,
（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，
如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having ride → riding come → coming
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting
四. 时间标志——now，句前的look ,listen
词性变化的方法
一、名词变为形容词的方法
1. rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky
注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。例如：noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。 2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。例如：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。 3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。例如：China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例如：danger—dangerous等。 5. 在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例如：friend—friendly, love—lovely等。 6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词。例如：care—careless(粗心的)，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)等。 7. 一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。例如：difference—different, silence—silent等。
二、动词变为名词的方法
1.词形不变，词性改变。例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如：work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
注意：1)以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-r。例如：drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er。例如：run—runner, win—winner， begin—beginner等。
3. 在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)。例如： meet—meeting, build—building, wait—waiting, wash—washing, swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning等。
三、形容词变为副词的方法
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等。但是，以下几点值得注意：
1. 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。例如：happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2. 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possible—possibly, terrible—terribly
3. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite—politely, wide—widely等。
4. 以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。例如：usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。

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