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主题阅读 文学，永恒的经典 学案 2023届高考英语复习备考
主题解读
文学是高中英语的主题语境之一。该主题语境主要包括各种文学类型、古今作家以及文学作品等。文学是语言文字的艺术，是社会文化的一种重要表现形式，是对美的体现。文学作品是作家用独特的语言艺术表现其独特的心灵世界的作品，离开了这两个极具个性特点的独特性就没有真正的文学作品。文学能够引导我们尊重和接受不同国家和民族的文化及艺术，加强我们的审美意识，培养我们的审美情趣。文学源于生活，又高于生活。
视角拓展
“现代奇幻文学之父”托尔金
英国作家托尔金被誉为“现代奇幻文学之父”。他的作品享誉世界，《霍比特人》《魔戒》等广为人知，是奇幻文学中的经典。
1 On January 3， 1892， Mabel Tolkien gave birth to her first son， John Ronald Reuel Tolkien， in South Africa. Known thereafter as J. R. R.， he would go on to create a literary universe that would become known throughout the world， making him one of the most famous writers of all time.
2 Tolkien s mother， however， did not live to see her son s success—she died when he was only 12. But it was she who laid the foundation for his later career by reading him fairy tales and legends and teaching him Latin， French and German.
3 Tolkien stood out as an exceptionally good student. Fascinated by languages and old English myths， he and some classmates at King Edward s School founded their own semisecret society called the Tea Club Barrovian Society， where they discussed literature and poetry. During this time， Tolkien also began to write. It wasn’t t long before he was inventing his own language—something he would also apply to his later novels.
4 Tolkien first studied the classical languages of Latin and Greek at Exeter College， Oxford， before enthusiastically turning to Welsh.
5 Tolkien originally intended The Hobbit to be a bedtime story for his children. He invented the word “hobbits” and imagined them to be small human like creatures with fur on their feet， who lived in caves. He also gave hobbits some characteristics that he himself possessed： a love of nature， simple cooking and an aversion （厌恶） to travel.
6 Many years passed before Tolkien submitted the story to a publisher. When The Hobbit was published in 1937， it captivated （迷住） readers of all ages and quickly gained fame.
7 However， it took 15 years until Tolkien published The Lord of the Rings. After all， writing was his hobby， not his profession.
8 The fantasy epic The Lord of the Rings was published in the mid-1950s and made the British professor the author of the century. Tolkien has since become a cult （作为偶像崇拜的） figure， with The Lord of the Rings alone selling over 150 million copies to date.
9 Although the world famous author died in 1973， his stories still captivate the world today.
Ⅰ. Choose the best answers according to the text
Detail
1. What contributed to Tolkien s later career？
A. His early efforts.
B. His family background.
C. His mother s early education.
D. His love for writing fairy tales.
Detail
2. What do we know about the Tea Club Barrovian Society？
A. It was founded publicly.
B. It involved literature and poetry.
C. It was the birthplace of The Hobbit.
D. It encouraged Tolkien to invent his language.
Inference
3. Why did it take Tolkien so many years to publish The Lord of the Rings？
A. He worked as a professor after all.
B. He lacked inspiration to write novels.
C. He couldn’t t find a proper publisher.
D. He was not a full time writer.
Inference
4. In which of the following ways does the author develop the text？
A. Through cause and effect analysis.
B. Through comparisons and examples.
C. By presenting research findings.
D. By following the order of time.
Ⅱ. Discussion
Have you ever read Tolkien s works？ Do you like them？ Why？
Ⅰ. Discover useful structures in the text
1. It is...who...，it引导强调句型
But it was she who laid the foundation for his later career by reading him fairy tales and legends and teaching him Latin， French and German.
但正是通过给他读童话故事和传说并教他拉丁语、法语和德语，她为他后来的职业生涯奠定了基础。
2. It isn’t long before... 没多久……
It wasn’t t long before he was inventing his own language—something he would also apply to his later novels.
不久之后，他发明了自己的语言风格——他后来的小说中也使用到了。
Ⅱ. Memorize some text centered chunks
give birth to 生育;产生;诞生
throughout the world 全世界;举世
lay the foundation 奠定基础
stand out 脱颖而出;突出;引人注目
gain fame 获得声望
after all 毕竟
to date 迄今;到目前为止
文学作品的体裁
文学是艺术的主要表现形式之一。文学的分类较多，小说、纪实文学、诗歌和戏剧，都是文学的重要类型。
1 Like other art forms， literature is classified into four main literary genres—fiction， non fiction， poetry， and plays.
2 The most popular literary genre nowadays is fiction. Fiction， in literature， is any work that is created by the imagination， or in other words， not real. These stories may be based on real events or persons， but most of them have been altered. Fiction often includes novels and short stories. Fiction focuses on the narrative （叙述） and the meanings from their authors. Here， the art of storytelling is most important， which consists of the plot， setting， characters， conflict， and theme.
3 This literary genre is the opposite of fiction， although they are very similar in terms of components （成分） and their usage of storytelling techniques. Creative nonfiction makes use of stories， people， or events that really happened. The strain for most writers of creative nonfiction is the need to be 100% true to the facts they cannot alter any minor detail. In fact， the only detail nonfiction writers can change is the names of the characters or places to protect the people involved. Creative nonfiction includes personal narrative essays， biographies， autobiographies or memoirs， and literary journalism.
4 Probably poetry is the oldest literary genre， dating back to prehistoric times when it was still part of oral tradition. Due to its origin in oral tradition， poetry is characterized by meter and rhyme. Over time， different styles and schools of poetry developed. And， from having a strict meter and rhyme， contemporary poems developed to free verse， which is characterized by their rhythm and sound.
5 The play is the most elusive of literary genres which often goes beyond our understanding. Being a performance， there is no sole creator to which we can ascribe （归因于） its greatness or failure. It is a cooperation between the playwright， the director， the light technician， the costume designer， actors， and at times even the audience. Plays primarily make use of dialogues between characters， so the stage direction and acting are important components. Today， plays continue to be staged all around the world， but another version has appeared films， which use similar elements as plays but are executed differently.
Ⅰ. Choose the best answers according to the text
Detail
1. What do fiction and creative nonfiction have in common？
A. Both of them must be based on real events.
B. Both of them focus on dialogues.
C. Their small details can be changed.
D. Their storytelling skills are similar.
Inference
2. Why can the names of the characters in creative nonfiction be changed？
A. To simplify its process. B. To appeal to readers.
C. To protect privacy. D. To arouse sympathy.
Detail
3. Which of the following probably has the longest history？
A. Plays. B. Poetry.
C. Fiction. D. Creative nonfiction.
Vocabulary
4. What does the underlined word “elusive” in the last paragraph mean？
A. Puzzling. B. Attractive.
C. Cooperative. D. Professional.
Ⅱ. Discussion
What are the different genres of literature？ Can you tell their differences？
Ⅰ. Discover useful structures in the text
1. which引导的非限制性定语从句
Here， the art of storytelling is most important， which consists of the plot， setting， characters， conflict， and theme.
在这里，讲故事的艺术是最重要的，它由情节、背景、人物、冲突和主题组成。
2. although引导的让步状语从句
This literary genre is the opposite of fiction， although they are very similar in terms of components and their usage of storytelling techniques.
这种文学体裁与小说相反，尽管它们在组成部分和讲故事的技巧的使用方面非常相似。
Ⅱ. Memorize some text centered chunks
be classified into 分（类）为
in other words 换言之;换句话说;也就是说
be based on 基于;以……为基础
focus on 专注于;关注;聚焦于
consist of 包括;由……组成
in terms of 依据;从……角度看;根据……来说
make use of 使用;利用
date back to 追溯到
due to 由于
all around the world 全世界
2021年受欢迎的4本书
2021年早已过去，这一年有哪些书值得被关注和阅读呢？
1 Whether you’re looking for a new release from an adored author or a timely read， these books are popular in 2021.
People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry2 Alex and Poppy couldn’t t be more opposite： Alex， a quiet boy with hometown charm， and Poppy， a wanderlust fueled wild child. After sharing a ride home in college， the two formed a friendship， sharing a vacation together every summer for a decade， until two years ago when they ruined everything. Now， Poppy and Alex come together for one more trip to see if they can mend their friendship or if there’s really something more between them.
The Last Thing He Told Me by Laura Dave3 Before Owen Michael disappears， he leaves his new wife， Hannah， an ominous note reading “protect her”， clearly referring to his teenage daughter， Bailey. As Hannah and Bailey wait for his return， the FBI arrests Owen s boss and shows up at their home， sending the two women on a mission to piece together Owen s past and find out the real reason he disappeared.
Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro4 In 2017， Kazuo Ishiguro won the Nobel Prize in Literature—this is his first novel since the award. Set in the near future， Klara and the Sun explores the human condition through Klara， an artificial friend. Klara is AI， keenly observational and eerily understanding the depth of human emotion as she looks out of the store window and waits for a customer to one day choose her.
How to Avoid a Climate Disaster by Bill Gates5 Backed by ten years of research， Bill Gates uses this book to explain why and how we must work towards a goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions. Split into three main parts， Gates describes the environmental fate we currently face， and the ways in which technology can function to help us reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. This read is urgent and practical. It can be seen as an ambitious plan but one that is optimistic about the future of our environment.
Ⅰ. Choose the best answers according to the text
Detail
1. What do we know about People We Meet on Vacation？
A. It’s a love story.
B. It focuses on human’s future.
C. It involves the relationship between people.
D. It aims at people s sharing a vacation together.
Detail
2. If you are interested in reading detective stories， which is the best choice？
A. Klara and the Sun.
B. The Last Thing He Told Me.
C. People We Meet on Vacation.
D. How to Avoid a Climate Disaster.
Inference
3. Whose book will you choose if you are fond of sci fi？
A. Bill Gates . B. Laura Dave s.
C. Emily Henry s. D. Kazuo Ishiguro s.
Inference
4. Why is the fourth book different from the other three？
A. It doesn’t t belong to novels.
B. It has the most readers.
C. It once won the Nobel Prize.
D. It was written by the most famous writer.
Ⅰ. Discover useful structures in the text
1. Whether...or... 意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句
Whether you’re looking for a new release from an adored author or a timely read， these books are popular in 2021.
无论你是在寻找一位受人尊敬的作者的新书还是适时的文学读物，这些书都是2021年受欢迎的书。
2. in+which引导的定语从句
Split into three main parts， Gates describes the environmental fate we currently face， and the ways in which technology can function to help us reduce our greenhouse gas emissions.
盖茨分三个主要部分描述了我们目前面临的环境命运，以及技术可以发揮作用以帮助我们减少温室气体排放的方式。
Ⅱ. Memorize some text centered chunks
refer to 与……相关
show up 出现;露面
on a mission 执行任务
find out 找出;发现;查明
be set in 以……为背景
be split into 分为……
答案：
“现代奇幻文学之父”托尔金
Reading Check
Ⅰ. 1～4 CBDD
Ⅱ. Any answer can be possible as long as it makes sense.
文学作品的体裁
Reading Check
Ⅰ. 1～4 DCBA
Ⅱ. Any answer can be possible as long as it makes sense.
2021年受欢迎的4本书
Reading Check
1～4 CBDA

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