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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年中考英语真题分类汇编
专题19 短文填空（考点1：首字母填空）
（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China. But f____1____ people know he once wrote a martial arts novel called Jin Guo Ying Xiong.
Recently, a Sina Weibo user m____2____ this novel written by Zhou more than a century ago. Many young people showed a strong i____3____ in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China. Another user posted the first page of the novel which Zhou wrote at the a____4____ of 16. It was published under Zhou’s pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914. However, the novel was never completed, but it can be found a____5____. The Early Works of Zhou Enlai were published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.
A____6____ many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in China’s history. One wrote “The novel was stopped but Premier Zhou went on to s____7____ the Chinese nation out of danger!” Another added, “He gave up a novel, but he wrote a history of m____8____ China.” A 29-year-old computer engineer said, “The pioneers of China are spiritual leaders for me. Remembering them helped me build up the r____9____ values. When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to f____10____ the lives of those pioneers. The difficulties I face now are nothing compared with what they experienced.”
（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s____11____ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o____12____ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p____13____ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it’s better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city ” They may say s____14____, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city ” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w____15____ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.
（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。
It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h__16__!
My head hit the ground h__17__. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b__18__ I failed! “There must be s__19__ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t__20__ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b__21__ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.
As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f__22__. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!
I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s__23__ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.
When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c__24__ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i__25__ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___26___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___27___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.
If you v ___28___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___29___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.
Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___30___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.
（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____31____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____32____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____33____.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____34____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____35____ easily.
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____36____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____37____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____38____ this from happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____39____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____40____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.
（2022·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____41____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____42____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____43____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____44____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____45____ way. Their “l____46____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____47____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____48____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____49____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____50_____ of information.
（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.
The museum o___53___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___54___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___55___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___56___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___57___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___58___ people changed nature.
Passing t___59___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____60____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself
（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____61____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____62____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____63____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____64____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____65____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.
参考答案：
1．(f)ew
2．(m)entioned
3．(i)nterest
4．(a)ge
5．(a)mong
6．(A)lthough
7．(s)ave
8．(m)odern
9．(r)ight##(r)eal
10．(f)orget
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了周恩来总理曾写过一部小说《金国英雄》，虽然小说没有写完，但是他在中国历史上扮演着更重要的角色，创造了一部中国近代史。
1．
句意：但很少有人知道他曾经写过一部武侠小说《金国英雄》。根据“To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China”以及“but”对比可知，此处指的是few“几乎没有”，故填(f)ew。
2．
句意：最近，一位新浪微博用户提到了周恩来一个多世纪前写的这部小说。根据“a Sina Weibo user...this novel”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是mention“提到”，是动词，结合上下文可知，此处应用过去式，故填(m)entioned。
3．
句意：许多年轻人对它表现出浓厚的兴趣，对中国早期的先驱者表示钦佩。根据“Many young people showed a strong...in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是interest“兴趣”，空前有a修饰，名词用单数形式，故填(i)nterest。
4．
句意：另一位用户发布了周恩来16岁时写的小说的第一页。根据“at the...of 16”及首字母提示可知，此处是at the age of“在……岁时”，故填(a)ge。
5．
句意：然而，小说从未完成，但却能在其中找到它。根据“ It was published under Zhou’s pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914...the novel was never completed, but it can be found...The Early Works of Zhou Enlai published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“在之前发表的杂志中可以找到”，此处应用among“在……中”，故填(a)mong。
6．
句意：尽管许多年轻人对周恩来未能继续创作这部小说表示遗憾，但他们表示，周恩来在中国历史上扮演着更重要的角色。根据“many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in China’s history.”及首字母提示可知，此处应用although“虽然”引导让步状语从句，故填(A)lthough。
7．
句意：有人写道：“小说被叫停了，但周总理继续把中华民族从危险中拯救出来！”根据“The novel was stopped but”及首字母提示可知，此处在说“周总理继续拯救中华民族”，故填(s)ave。
8．
句意：另一个补充道：“他放弃了一部小说，但他写了一部中国近代史。”根据“wrote a history of...China.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“创造了一部中国近代史”，modern“现代的”，故填(m)odern。
9．
句意：记住它们帮助我建立正确的价值观。根据首字母提示及“When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to...the lives of those pioneers.”可知，此处指的是right/real“正确的/真的”价值观，故填(r)ight/(r)eal。
10．
句意：当我面对生活中的问题时，我总是被提醒不要忘记那些开拓者的生活。根据“I am always reminded not to...the lives of those pioneers.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“不会忘记……”，forget“忘记”，故填(f)orget。
11．(s)ay
12．(o)r
13． (p)rivate
14．(s)imply
15．(w)hat
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了当人们遇到陌生人时，针对不同群体如何进行简短的交谈。
11．
句意：这些谈话是人们打招呼的好方式。根据“These talks are a good way for people to...hello”结合首字母提示可知，此处是指打招呼，say hello符合语境，空前有不定式，动词用原形，故填(s)ay。
12．
句意：谈话涉及很多话题，如天气、电影、体育、电视节目或最新的新闻。根据“such as weather, films, sports, TV shows...the latest news.”结合首字母可知，此处是在表示列举，or符合语境，故填(o)r。
13．
句意：但是我们应该记住，关于金钱、年龄和体重的私人话题应该避免。根据“money, age, and weight should be avoided”可知金钱、年龄和体重都是隐私，private“私人的”，形容词作定语，故填(p)rivate。
14．
句意：他们可能会简单地说：“是的”。分析结构可知空处应用副词修饰动词，结合首字母提示应填simply“仅仅”符合语境，故填(s)imply。
15．
句意：如果你对别人说的话感兴趣，他们会觉得和你交谈更舒服。分析句子可知此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作宾语，what符合，故填(w)hat。
16．(h)urt
17．(h)eavily
18．(b)ut
19．(s)omething
20．(t)errible
21．(b)lood
22．(f)ear
23．(s)topped
24．(c)areless
25．(i)tself
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了作者在骑车时重重的摔倒，安全意识救了他的命的故事。
16．
句意：我的右侧真的很痛！根据“I fell off my bicycle.”和首字母可知，此处是指受伤了。hurt“受伤”，动词；本文主体时态为一般过去时，hurt的过去式还是hurt。故填(h)urt。
17．
句意：我的头重重地撞在地上。根据“I lay there for a few minutes.”和首字母可知，此处是指重重地摔在地下。heavily“重重地”，副词修饰动词。故填(h)eavily。
18．
句意：我想站起来，但我失败了！根据“I failed!”可知，句子前后是转折关系，结合首字母可知是连词but“但是”。故填(b)ut。
19．
句意：我一定有什么问题。根据“There must be...wrong with me,”可知，作者的脑袋重重地摔在地上且站不起来，结合首字母可知应是something“一些东西”。固定短语there is something wrong with sb.“某人出了……问题”。故填(s)omething。
20．
句意：我感到非常糟糕，以至于不得不仍然躺在那里。根据“I had to still lie there.”和首字母可知，作者摔在地上且站不起来，这是很糟糕的。terrible“糟糕的”，形容词。故填(t)errible。
21．
句意：然后我看到我的鞋上有血。根据“My hand and knee were bleeding.”可知，此处是看到鞋子上的血。应用名词形式blood“血”，作动词的宾语。故填(b)lood。
22．
句意：我害怕地看着它。根据“There was a sharp rock sticking out of it.”和首字母可知，作者很害怕。固定短语in fear“害怕地，恐惧地”。故填(f)ear。
23．
句意：司机停下他的卡车来帮助我。根据“came to help me.”和首字母可知，司机是停下了车。stop“停止”，动词；本文主体时态为一般过去时，stop的过去式为stopped。故填(s)topped。
24．
句意：她知道我以前粗心，并不总是戴头盔。根据“did not always wear my helmet.”和首字母可知，作者不总戴口罩，应是粗心的。careless“粗心的”，形容词。故填(c)areless。
25．
句意：妈妈，救我的不是头盔本身，而是安全意识。根据“safety awareness did.”和首字母可知，此处是指头盔本身。应用“the helmet”对应的反身代词itself“它自己”。故填(i)tself。
26．(c)entre##(c)enter
27．(f)oreign
28．(v)isit
29．(i)nside
30．(c)hance
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述敦煌在古代是贸易中心，讲述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多艺术作品，讲述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。
26．
句意：在古代，敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。根据“an”可知用单数名词作表语。根据“As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world”及首字母提示，可知，句子讲述敦煌古代是贸易中心，用名词“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。
27．
句意：外国的人和当地的人经商和交流。名词“countries”前用形容词修饰，根据“different cultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表达外国的人，用形容词“foreign”。故填(f)oreign。
28．
句意：如果你参观敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。这是“if”引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据“you will be able to see the Mogao Caves”及首字母提示，可知句子表达参观敦煌，主语是“you”，动词用“visit”。故填(v)isit。
29．
句意：如果你走进去，你会发现一些完美的艺术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰，根据“discover some of the wonderful artworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表达走进去，用“walk inside”。故填(i)nside。
30．
句意：全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语，根据“a”可知是单数名词。根据“to see Dunhuang’s treasures online” 及首字母提示，可知句子表达有机会，用“have a chance to do”。故填(c)hance。
31．(y)oung
32．(l)ook
33．(a)live
34．(t)own
35．(i)njured
36．(w)ay
37．(n)umbers
38．(p)revent
39．(k)ept
40．(k)now
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性，呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。
31．
句意：当他年轻的时候，他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语，根据“When he grew up”及首字母可知，年轻的时候喜欢游泳，young“年轻的”符合，故填(y)oung。
32．
句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋中寻找新的东西。根据“he wanted to … for new things in the ocean”及首字母可知，此处指在海洋中寻找新东西，look for“寻找”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(l)ook。
33．
句意：他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay”及首字母可知，水下的动植物相互维持生存，alive“活着的”，形容词作表语，故填(a)live。
34．
句意：珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据“A coral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇，town“城镇”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(t)own。
35．
句意：因此，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“They compete for food and space there”可知，因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争，导致珊瑚礁受伤，get injured“受伤”，故填(i)njured。
36．
句意：有时人们污染水或过度捕捞，所以所有生物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the …that all the living things are joined together has been changed”及首字母可知，连接方式改变了，way“方式”。根据has可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(w)ay。
37．
句意：有些动物的数量下降了，有些动物就消失了。根据“Some animals’ … drop low, some animals just disappear”可知，有些数量少了，有些消失了，number“数量”，句子是一般现在时，drop是动词原形，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填(n)umbers。
38．
句意：格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr. Green wants to … this from happening”及首字母可知，想阻止这一切发生，prevent…from doing sth“阻止某事发生”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(p)revent。
39．
句意：格林先生认为珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该保护好。根据“They need all of their parts to work correctly”可知，珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作，所以它们应该被保护起来，keep“保持”，be与过去分词构成被动语态结构，故填(k)ept。
40．
句意：要更好地照顾海洋家园，我们首先必须了解它们。根据“we first must…them”及“can we understand the great influence humans have on these places”可知，只有先了解珊瑚礁，才能理解人类对这些地方的巨大影响，know“了解”，情态动词must后接动词原形，故填(k)now。
41．(s)o
42．(w)alk
43．(b)ooks
44．(c)ome
45．(d)ifferent
46．(l)ibraries
47．(f)all
48．(t)ravel
49．(l)ater
50．(w)orld
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
41．
句意：汽车和卡车没有用处，所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are not useful...library books arrive on the backs of camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so引导。故填(s)o。
42．
句意：两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用，所以他们是步行，walk“步行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
43．
句意：在每个村庄，图书管理员都会搭起帐篷，向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shows the...to the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍，表泛指用名词复数books“书”。故填(b)ooks。
44．
句意：两周后，骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new books”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来，come back“回来”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ome。
45．
句意：泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同，修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
46．
句意：他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆，library“图书馆”，根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
47．
句意：金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal protects the books from the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨，fall“落下”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
48．
句意：大多数人乘船旅行，他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by boat and they also carry their books by boat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行，travel“旅行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
49．
句意：成箱的书留在村子里，几周后被换成新书。根据“Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书，later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
50．
句意：它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a whole...of information”以及首字母可知是很多信息，a world of“很多”。故填(w)orld。
51．(l)ongest
52．(c)ities
53．(o)pened
54．(s)hape
55．(h)istory
56．(w)hile
57．(c)onsidered
58．(h)ow
59．(t)hrough
60．(m)useums
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建，结构和它的独特之处。
51．
句意：2500年之前建造，延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据“oldest and”可知，用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示，可知表达最长的，用最高级“longest”。故填(l)ongest。
52．
句意：扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边，扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“one of 复数名词”的结构，表达“最……之一”。根据“Yangzhou”，“in Jiangsu province”及首字母提示，可知表达城市，用复数名词“cities”。故填(c)ities。
53．
句意：博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词，根据“June 16,2021”可知是一般过去时，动词用过去式。根据“its doors to the public”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达打开大门，用过去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。
54．
句意：它有两部分结构，像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑，和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“of a giant ship waiting to set sail”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达建筑的形状，用“in the shape of”。故填(s)hape。
55．
句意：它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河，北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions”可知，句子表达讲述了运河的历史北京，根据首字母提示可知用名词“history”。故填(h)istory。
56．
句意：这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点，同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions...they continue to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.”可知，前后句的动作是同时发生的，运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时，运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时”。故填(w)hile。
57．
句意：长25.7米，高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝”。句子缺谓语动词，根据“by”可知是被动结构，根据首字母提示可知句子用“be considered as”表达“被看作是……”。故填(c)onsidered。
58．
句意：到目前为止，博物馆包含了一万种展品，包括二十组大型的展品，使得它成为最好的收藏品，展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“people changed nature”可知后面是宾语从句，根据首字母提示，可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然”，用疑问词“how”引导从句。故填(h)ow。
59．
句意：穿过展览馆，进入老式的街道，游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店，好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据“Passing”及“the exhibition hall”可知，句子表达从展览馆内部穿过，用短语“pass through”。故填(t)hrough。
60．
句意：扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题，和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed on the Grand Canal”可知，此处是指其它博物馆，且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。
61．(o)ver
62．(u)ntil
63．(c)alled
64．(w)onderful##(w)orld-famous
65．(e)njoy##(e)xperience
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了二胡的发展历史。
61．
句意：它有一千多年的历史。根据“ It has a history of … 1,000 years”可知，此处指1000多年的历史，over“超过”，故填(o)ver。
62．
句意：据说二胡直到清末才得名。 根据“It is said that Erhu did not get its name … the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，此处用not…until表示“直到……才”，故填(u)ntil。
63．
句意：它也被称为中国小提琴，因为它的音调和小提琴一样柔和明亮。根据“It is also c… the Chinese violin”及首字母可知，二胡也被称为中国小提琴，call“称呼”，主语it与动词call之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有is，故此空填过去分词，故填(c)alled。
64．
句意：用二胡演奏了许多美妙/著名的乐曲。根据“pieces of music”及首字母可知，此处指美妙的或者是著名的乐曲，wonderful“美妙的”，world-famous“著名的”，故填(w)onderful/(w)orld-famous。
65．
句意：你可以去欣赏/体验它们的魅力。此空与go构成并列关系，故此空也应填入一个动词原形，根据“the charm of them”及首字母可知，欣赏它们的魅力，enjoy“欣赏”，experience“体验”，故填(e)njoy/(e)xperience。
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2022年中考英语真题分类汇编
专题19 短文填空（考点1：首字母填空）
（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China. But f____1____ people know he once wrote a martial arts novel called Jin Guo Ying Xiong.
Recently, a Sina Weibo user m____2____ this novel written by Zhou more than a century ago. Many young people showed a strong i____3____ in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China. Another user posted the first page of the novel which Zhou wrote at the a____4____ of 16. It was published under Zhou’s pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914. However, the novel was never completed, but it can be found a____5____. The Early Works of Zhou Enlai were published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.
A____6____ many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in China’s history. One wrote “The novel was stopped but Premier Zhou went on to s____7____ the Chinese nation out of danger!” Another added, “He gave up a novel, but he wrote a history of m____8____ China.” A 29-year-old computer engineer said, “The pioneers of China are spiritual leaders for me. Remembering them helped me build up the r____9____ values. When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to f____10____ the lives of those pioneers. The difficulties I face now are nothing compared with what they experienced.”
（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s____11____ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o____12____ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p____13____ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it’s better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city ” They may say s____14____, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city ” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w____15____ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.
（2022·江苏泰州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。
It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h__16__!
My head hit the ground h__17__. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b__18__ I failed! “There must be s__19__ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t__20__ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b__21__ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.
As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f__22__. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!
I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s__23__ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.
When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c__24__ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i__25__ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___26___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___27___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.
If you v ___28___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___29___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.
Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___30___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.
（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____31____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____32____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____33____.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____34____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____35____ easily.
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____36____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____37____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____38____ this from happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____39____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____40____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.
（2022·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____41____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____42____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____43____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____44____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____45____ way. Their “l____46____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____47____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____48____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____49____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____50_____ of information.
（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.
The museum o___53___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___54___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___55___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___56___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___57___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___58___ people changed nature.
Passing t___59___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____60____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself
（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____61____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____62____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____63____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____64____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____65____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.
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