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UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Reading and Thinking
Reading and Thinking
What consequences may the climate change cause
Lead in
no habitat
drought
flood
What consequences have you learnt
Before you read，look at the graph and the picture below and discuss these questions in groups.
Activity 1
1　What is the graph about What information can you get from it
The graph shows the change in the Global Surface Temperature between 1920 and 2016. It shows the temperature anomaly，which shows how much the temperature has risen above what it would usually be at a base level.
2　Have you ever seen the photo before What might be the story behind it
I haven’t seen this photo，but I have seen photos like it. The story is that the
polar bear starved to death because it could not find enough to eat.
1　What happened to the polar bear in the photo Why did the writer write about it
2　Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary
Read the text and answer the questions.
Activity 2
The polar bear in the photo died of starvation. The writer wrote about it because it
showed one of the effects of rising temperatures due to climate change.
The “natural” greenhouse effect is important because it warms the Earth’s surface and
keeps it habitable.
3　What are the consequences of high greenhouse gas emissions
4　Why did the author mention the climate scientists’ warning
5　What is the author’s purpose of writing this text
High greenhouse gas emissions lead to more heat energy being trapped in the
atmosphere and rising temperatures.
The author mentioned the climate scientists’ warning because it is essential that we take
action and so it needs to be brought to everyone’s attention.
The author’s purpose is to inform the readers and inspire them to do whatever they can
to deal with this problem.
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
Text
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer（see the graph）. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was“skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology.
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the“greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural”greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane and carbon dioxide，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process，Earth could not sustain life. However，the“man-made”greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our“carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help
Find the main idea for each part
Preparation
Part 1
(Para.1-2 )
Part 2
(Para. 3)
Part 3
(Para. 4)
Part 4
(Para. 5)
The evidence of dramatic climate change
that had an impact on Earth’ ecology
The causes of the increase in the global
average surface temperature
The consequences of the rise in temperature
The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas
emissions
Reading
Climate change
Evidence
Solutions
Causes
Effects
Greenhouse effect
Scan and finish the mind map
Read the text again and create a diagram describing how the greenhouse effect works.
Activity 3
The greenhouseeffect
D. Heat enters the
atmosphere
B. Reflected sunlight
Earth
Atmosphere
C. Heat reflected back
to earth’ surface
A. Heat released back into space
A
D
C
A
B
Discuss these questions in groups.
1　What examples of extreme weather and disasters do you know Can you make a list
2　Do you think climate change is the result of human activity Give your reasons.
3　Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change What can we do
Activity 4
There are sadly many examples of extreme weather and disasters I know of，such as the extreme
rainfall in France and the drought in East Africa in 2014. There were also heatwaves on nearly every
continent due to climate change.
I do think that climate change is the result of human activities because the majority of scientists also think so，and also because global temperatures have followed the rise in global emissions and population.
I think we all need to take responsibility for dealing with it. Individuals can change their behaviour and try to reduce their carbon footprint，while companies and governments can do the same on the larger scale.
课文结构图解
Ⅰ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph of the text
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To tell us climate change has been known for decades.
C. To show the evidence of climate change.
D. To confirm that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
2. Why is the photo of a dead polar bear mentioned
A. To describe how people were shocked.
B. To show how global warming influenced Earth’s ecology.
C. To study how the bear died.
D. To explain why the bear was starved to death.
○
○
课文预习自测
3. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph
A. How global warming has come about.
B. The “greenhouse effect” has two common meanings.
C. The “natural” greenhouse effect is more important than the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
D. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become a serious problem.
4. Why does climate change require the world’s attention
A. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
B. News reports are often broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and losses.
C. Governments can force people to reduce “carbon footprint”.
D. It is affecting all of us on the planet and if it is left alone，we will pay an even higher price.
○
○
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文）
There is little doubt 1________ Earth is getting warmer and warmer. In 2013，a lot of people 2_____________（shock） by a news photo of a dead polar bear 3__________ appeared to have starved and died. This 4__________（alarm） case showed how the increase in temperature had 5________ impact on Earth’s ecology.
　　Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists think the process “greenhouse effect”，makes it possible for Earth 6__________（sustain）life. However，the “man-made” greenhouse effect makes more heat energy 7________（trap） in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
　　The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 8________ （disaster） worldwide. News reports are 9__________（frequent） broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves. This requires the attention of people all over the world. 10________ is also our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.
that
were shocked
that/which
alarming
an
to sustain
trapped
disasters
frequently
It
Ⅲ 概要写作
　　阅读课文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
One possible version:
　　It’s high time that the world should focus on climate change caused by global warming，which has had an effect on Earth’s ecology.（要点1）According to climate scientists，the “greenhouse effect”，including the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect，makes it possible for Earth to sustain life，but extra “man-made” greenhouse gas causes the increase in temperature.（要点2）In turn，it results in climate change， sometimes doing severe damage. This issue is well worth the attention of people on the planet. （要点 3）
核心词汇
教材原句p.26 ...the bear appeared to have starved and died. ……这只熊似乎是饿死的。
1 starve vi. & vt.（使）挨饿；饿死；缺乏
starve to death 饿死
be starving 感觉很饿，饿极了
be starved of/for 缺乏……
The animals were left to starve to death. Who is to blame
动物们被活活饿死了。这该怪谁呢？［词汇复现］
Thanks to your food. I’m starving! 多亏了你的食物。我饿极了 ！［词汇复现］
The department has been starved of substantial resources.
这个部门一直缺乏大量的资源。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】 starvation n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死　　die of/from starvation 饿死
搭配
题组练·领悟方法
单句语法填空
（1）They’ll either die from the cold or starve __________ death.
（2）When will the dinner be ready We ___________ （starve）.
（3）The poor kid is just starved __________ attention.
（4）He looks forward to the day when no one will die of __________（starve）.
完成句子
（5）Many people ___________________（饿死） after the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.
to
are starving
of/for
starvation
starved to death
教材原句p.26 This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology. 这一令人震惊的案例表明，气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。
2 have an impact on 对……有影响；对……造成影响
There is no proof that French had an impact on the Chinese language.
没有证据表明法语对汉语有影响。［词汇复现］
Cancer stem cells have an impact on the outcome of disease.
癌症干细胞对疾病的结果有影响。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】
have an effect/influence on... 对……有影响
单句语法填空
（1）Questions that lead them into emotional states will also have an impact __________ their responses.
（2）What the pregnant mother eats will have __________ impact on the baby’s development.
完成句子
（3）［词汇复现］Whatever you do will ___________________________________（对……有影响）society， so behave well.
on
an
have an impact/effect/influence on
教材原句p.26 The ““natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere... “自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层……
3 refer to（to 是介词）
（1）指的是
People who are likely to succeed refer to those who are ambitious.
可能成功的人是指那些有抱负的人。［词汇复现］
（2）提到，谈到
搭配：refer to...as... 把……称为……
She referred to a strange solid in her report. 她在报告中提到了一种奇怪的固体。［词汇复现］
The child referred to the colorful ribbon as rainbow. 那个孩子把彩带称为彩虹。［词汇复现］
（3）参考，查阅
You can refer to the excellent mechanic’s notes if you want.
如果你想的话，你可以参考优秀技工的笔记。［词汇复现］
Please refer to a dictionary to check the spelling. 请查一下词典看看拼写是否正确。
【归纳拓展】
（1）refer...to... 把……送交给……（以求获得帮助等）
（2）reference n. 提及，涉及；查阅，参考；推荐信
in/with reference to 关于
for future reference 供日后参考
单句语法填空
（1）We always refer to Ben __________“a nice boy”.
（2）While giving the English speech，one is not allowed to refer __________ the notes.
（3）You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for further __________（refer）.
完成句子
（4）The headmaster spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without _____________________（参考） his notes.
（5）I promise not ____________________（提到） this matter again.
（6）I have nothing to say ____________________ （关于） the agreement.
（7）English ____________________ （被称为） a universal language.
as
to
reference
referring to
to refer to
in/with reference to
is referred to as
教材原句p.27 The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. 热量以更长的波长释放回太空。
4 release vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布
release a prisoner 释放囚犯 a release from prison 从狱中释放
release a movie 发行影片 the latest release 最新发行的产品
In the foggy morning，the enemy released the workers from the awesome quarry.
在雾蒙蒙的早晨，敌人把工人们从可怕的采石场里释放了出来。［词汇复现］
Police have released no further details about the accident in the harbour.
关于在港口发生的事故，警方没有透露更多的细节。
The new edition of the dictionary with new idioms will be released later this month，as you anticipate. 如你所料，新版成语词典将于本月晚些时候出版。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1）The prisoner has served his sentence and ______________（release） tomorrow.
（2）［词汇复现］On the peak，she burst into tears， __________（release） all her emotions.
完成句子
（3）After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself，he _____________________（把它放入大海）.
（4）The mayor has 　　　　　 　　　（发表声明） explaining the reasons for his resignation.
will be released
releasing
released it into the sea
released a statement
教材原句p.27 Without this process，Earth could not sustain life. 如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
5 sustain vt. 维持（生命、生存）；遭受；承受住
The massive increase in spending failed to sustain his life when he became seriously ill.
当他得了重病时，大量增加的开支没能维持他的生命。［词汇复现］
Anyhow，you couldn’t let the company avoid sustaining losses of millions of dollars.
无论如何，你不能让公司避免承受数百万美元的损失。［词汇复现］
to sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失/受伤/遭到失败
The ice will not sustain your weight. 这冰承受不了你的体重。
【词语积累】
sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
sustainable economic growth 经济的可持续增长
完成句子
（1）［词汇复现］The question has arisen which planets can 　　　　　　　　（维持生命）.
（2）The typhoon left，and the city had ________________________（遭受巨大破坏）.
（3）［词汇复现］The ice was too thin ________________________ （承受体重） of the goat.
（4）A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting ________________________ 　（可持续发展）in all countries.
sustain life
sustained great damage
to sustain the weight
sustainable development
教材原句p.27 In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves... 事实上，新闻报道经常报道……极端暴雨和热浪。
6 frequently adv. 频繁地；经常（=often）
Buses run frequently between the city and the airline.
公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与航空公司之间。［词汇复现］
He isn’t a silent boy. On the contrary，he frequently asks questions about the Internet.
他不是个沉默的男孩。相反，他经常问关于互联网的问题。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】
frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的；常见的
a frequent visitor to our house 我们家的常客
单句语法填空
（1）The newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless __________（frequent）used in everyday life.
完成句子
（2） 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 （无论多么频繁）performed，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
frequently
No matter how frequently/However frequently
7 broadcast vt. & vi.（broadcast，broadcast）播送（电视或无线电节目）；广播；传播（信息等） n. 广播节目；电视节目
The concert will be broadcast live tomorrow evening.
音乐会将于明晚现场直播。
I don’t want to broadcast the fact that my father owns the company.
我不想宣扬这家公司为我父亲所有的事实。
a live broadcast of the concert 音乐会的现场直播
a news broadcast 一档新闻节目
【学法点拨】
a live broadcast（n.）
broadcast（v.） live
现场直播
单句语法填空
（1）The announcement _____________（broadcast） live last week.
（2）We don’t want _____________（broadcast） our unhappiness to the world.
完成句子
（3）She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（向……传播这个好消息） all her friends.
was broadcast
to broadcast
broadcast the good news to
教材原句p.27 ...reduce our“carbon footprint”by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. ……通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
8 restrict vt. 限制，限定（数量、范围等）；束缚；妨碍
restrict...to... 把……限制在……
restrict one’s freedom 限制某人的自由
The number of diners in this canteen is restricted to 50.
这家餐厅就餐者的人数限制在50 人以内。［词汇复现］
Having small children tends to restrict your freedom. 有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
The long skirt restricted her movements. 长裙妨碍了她的行动。
【词语积累】
restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束
speed restrictions 速度限制 a restriction on smoking in schools 禁止在学校吸烟
搭配
完成句子
（1）Speed 　　　　　　　　（被限制在……） 30 mph in towns.
单句语法填空
（2）Access to the club is restricted __________ members only.
（3）I restrict myself __________ one cup of coffee a day.
（4）The government has agreed to lift __________ （restrict） on press freedom.
is restricted to
to
to
restrictions
教材原句p.27 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about... 我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解……
9 seize vt. 抓住；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取；控制
seize a chance/an opportunity/power 抓住机会/ 抓住时机/ 夺权
seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon sth. 突然对……大为关注；抓住（可利用的事物）
As far as I know，Bob seized on the rain as an excuse for missing school.
据我所知，鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学。［词汇复现］
They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他们突袭攻占了机场。
Seeing the pearl，he was seized by curiosity. 看到珍珠，他好奇心顿起。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】
catch 侧重指抓住实物，包括人；grasp 强调抽象含义的“抓”，还表示“领会”之意；snatch 指快速地“抢”；seize 多用来表示“抓住时机”。
搭配
单句语法填空
（1）The man seized me by __________ arm and begged me to bring his son back to life.
（2）The rumours were eagerly seized __________ by the local press.
（3）［词汇复现］Not knowing that was his trick， she was seized __________ panic.
完成句子
（4） __________________________ （抓住这次机会），otherwise you will regret it.
（5）He objected to violence and never wanted to _____________________（夺取政权）by means of armed forces.
the
on/upon
by
Seize the opportunity/chance
seize power
重点句式
教材原句p.26 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer... 毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖……
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词doubt 的具体内容。
1 There is little/no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is little doubt that the results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
毫无疑问，这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。［词汇复现］
There is no doubt that she’s very modest about her success.
毫无疑问，她对自己的成功非常谦虚。［词汇复现］
【归纳拓展】
There is some doubt about... 对……有些疑问。
Sb. has some doubt about... 某人对……有些疑问。
【误区警示】
（1）doubt（vt.）+ that 引导的宾语从句（否定句或疑问句中）
doubt（vt.）+whether / if 引导的宾语从句（肯定句中）
（2）doubt（n.）+ that 引导的同位语从句（否定句或疑问句中）
doubt（n.）+ whether 引导的同位语从句（肯定句中）
We don’t doubt that he can do a good job. 我们不怀疑他能做得很好。
I doubt if/whether that was what he wanted.
我不知道那是不是他想要的。
单句语法填空
（1）There is little doubt __________ it is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
（2）［词汇复现］There is some doubt __________ we should direct our attention at the fundamental question.
（3）He doubted __________ he would learn anything valuable from Marie.
（4）I don’t doubt __________ he can accomplish the task before the deadline.
（5）If you have any doubt __________ your health，you’d better consult your doctor at once.
完成句子
（6） 　　　　　　 　　　　　　（毫无疑问） this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
（7） 　　　　　　　　　 　　　（对是否……有一些疑问）their football team will win the match.
that
whether
whether/if
that
about
There is little/no doubt that
There is some doubt about whether
教材原句p.27 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to... 有充分和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致……
【句式分析】本句是复合句。There is evidence that...“有证据表明……”， that 引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence 的具体内容。
2 There is evidence that... 有证据表明……
There’s strong evidence that too much dessert is bad for your teeth.
有充分的证据表明，吃太多甜食对牙齿不好。［词汇复现］
【学法点拨】
evidence 是不可数名词。本句型中常用来修饰evidence的词有：some/good/clear/strong 一些/充分的/明显的/有力的。
There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease. 有明显证据表明吸烟导致心脏病。
【词语积累】
evident adj. 明显的，显然的 It is evident that... 很明显……
It was evident that the chef was going to lose his temper. 很明显，厨师要发脾气了。［词汇复现］
单句语法填空
（1）There is good evidence __________ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
（2）__________ is some evidence that the cat soon made the association between human beings and food.
（3）All the scientific evidence __________（show） that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
完成句子
（4） 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　（有明显的证据表明） the ship sank in a bomb attack.
（5） 　　　　　　　　　　　　（很明显） the man is highly thought of in the company.
that
There
shows
There is clear evidence that
It is evident that
THE END

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