资源简介

阅读理解 易混易错
解题技巧
1. 细节理解题
（1）题干定位，按图索骥。
细心审题，直接就题找答案。先看文章后面的问题，注意题干中的关键词，如：人物、时间和事件等，做到有的放矢。根据题干中的标志性词语定位到原文，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，找到与原文相符的选项，确定正确答案。快速寻找信息点的策略一般适用于做功能型阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时，没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”解题。
（2）语义转换，变通理解。
变通理解，间接转述找答案。有些细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，很少直接用原文中的句子进行考查，题干通常会对这些句子进行语义转换，包括同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等。如：
①同义改写：题干将原文中的词或短语换成另外的词或短语，词性和结构不变，意义相近。
②转变词性与结构：题干关键信息并不一定与原文中相关信息一致，而是作了一定的转化。如将名词词组转化为意义相近的动词或形容词等。
（3）查读分析，多点归纳。
多点归纳，综合事实找答案。此方法适用于离散型细节理解题或数字计算题。根据题干要求，迅速找到与之相关的事实或数据，对其进行分析整合，得出正确答案。文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目的答案很少是文章中直接出现的数字或日期，通常需要作简单的计算。
图文转换类的题，即根据短文描述确定相应图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字答案。此类题可采用“文字锁定法”解题，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，这样，便可迅速地锁定对应图形。
2.主旨大意题
（1）学会寻找主题句
主题句所在的位置一般有四种情况：一是文首。有些文章先提出主题，接着围绕主题展开叙述。二是文末。有些文章在表述细节后，归纳要点，概括主题。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，最后归纳主题。三是文首和文末。有时为突出主题，作者会先点明主题，结尾时再次强调，但前后表述的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往是对主题的进一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由陈述的细节引出，而后又对其进行学会寻找主题句一步的阐释。
（2）学会归纳概括
在没有明确的主题句时，考生必须根据文中所提供的事实和细节，进行全面考虑、综合分析，归纳出文章的主题。要灵活运用跳读、略读等技巧进行阅读，在这个过程中注意每段的段首和段尾，同时，还可利用信息词、标志词等提示进行概括。
（3）学会分析选项
在做主旨大意题时，考生不仅可以从文章出发概括出主题，也可以从选项反推出主题。要多注意选项之间的比对。
3.推理判断题
（1）忠实原文
要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
（2）吃透文章
要吃透文章，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。考生可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推断，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
（3）深层挖掘
要对文字的深层含义进行挖掘，由表及里，由浅入深，通过分析、判断进行合乎逻辑的推理。
（4）理清思路
要把握文中句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要把握文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。
4.词义猜测题
（1）利用构词法猜词义
构词法是英语单词形成的主要途径，根据构词法猜测词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度比较高。
（2）利用语法关系猜词义
利用语法关系猜测词义指利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、同位语、标点符号、定语从句等进行词义猜测的方法。
（3）利用逻辑关系猜词义
语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系往往可以粗略地推断出词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义具有较大帮助的逻辑关系通常有并列、转折、因果等。
（4）利用上下文语境猜词义
在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总会和其他单词产生联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词或短语在文中的意思，尤其是代词的指代含义。
（5）利用生活常识和文化背景知识猜词义
一、
ECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a programme to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.
To get the programme to the regional and neighbourhood levels, the EPA directed "Plug-In to eCycling Partners". These partnerships support electronic reusing programmes in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programmes and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One of the EPA's goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. According to the EPA, the eCycling programme has actually been quite successful. In 2008, the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug-In partners.
Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programmes at their local retail stores. One seller offers customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically, customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA (typically this is done by the partners), they are reused or recycled.
Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computers and keyboards. Less usual items include copying machines, CD players, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones and facsimile machines(传真机). Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms and toasters are eCycled.
As the eCycling programme continues, you or your organisation may want to get involved. Check the ΕΡA's Internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programmes, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organisations that are taking part in the eCycling programme.
1.Why did the EPA bring about "Plug-In to eCycling Partners"
A.To make and offer electronic devices to consumers.
B.To make customers understand the importance of eCycling.
C.To make the programme accessible to local regions and communities.
D.To make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e-products.
2.What are the "Plug-In to eCycling Partners" mainly engaged in
A.Repairing electronic devices. B.Gathering recyclable electronics.
C.Reusing second-hand e-products. D.Offering customers different boxes for sale.
3.What can we infer from the passage
A.People can sell their reused items on the Internet.
B.Individuals can't take part in eCycling programmes.
C.Devices of computers are well eCycled.
D.Not every electronic item can be Cycled.
4.What is the main purpose of this passage
A.To introduce a new way to save costs.
B.To teach customers how to recycle electronics.
C.To attract people to join in the eCycling programmes.
D.To call on local governments to support "Plug-In to eCycling Partners".
二、
"Your mind is a garden; your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds," William Wordsworth wrote. In the above quote, William suggests that the process of gardening mirrors human life. Depending on what we "plant" in our lives, we bloom(精神焕发) or don't. Before you start to work in your garden, it's necessary to have a vision for it. Thinking of what you want to grow in your garden and how to lay it out is a good first step in making your vision a fruitful reality. In life, you should consider what you want to create and what you want to achieve, because your mind-garden is like the white paper and the possibilities are endless.
Regardless of what you choose to plant, poor soil isn't suitable for growth. This is why gardeners take the time and energy to improve the soil before planting. So, creating the right soil is important to the realisation of your goals and dreams. Fortunately, there are countless ways to make your personal bedrock better. Getting an education is one of the most effective ways, which can help you enrich your life's soil.
You don't have to be an enthusiastic gardener to understand the meaning of "You reap(收获) what you sow." When a gardener wants tomatoes, they just need to plant tomato seeds. It's a very clear act that produces an expected result. Each of us has the power to decide which "life seeds" to plant. For example, if you plant ill seeds, it's likely that you'll experience pain in return. Contrarily, if you plant seeds of kindness and understanding, your life will bloom with happiness and love.
A gardener's truly arduous work begins after the seeds are in the ground because a garden requires a lot of care and attention. Regular watering and weeding are required for a healthy garden. So, to ensure your dreams take root, you should be devoted, aware, and present. After countless hours and energy spent, the crops have grown well and are finally ready to be harvested.
1.What is important before gardeners break ground in their gardens
A.Receiving some training in planting.
B.Drawing up a good plan for their gardens.
C.Having the courage to accept the worst outcome.
D.Doing research on the common local garden plants.
2.What is compared to getting education by the author
A.Improving the condition of the soil. B.Growing your most favourable plants.
C.Taking care of the plants in your garden. D.Selecting proper goals in gardening work.
3.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 3
A.Your high quality of life depends on your positive action.
B.Your experience can help you understand plants better.
C.Your choice of soil is an important part in your gardening.
D.Your knowledge of planting will make you a successful gardener.
4.What does the underlined word "arduous" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Beneficial. B.Creative. C.Boring. D.Tough.
三、
China Science Daily announced Thursday that it has used software to automatically generate news stories about the latest discoveries from the world's leading science journals. The robot science reporter, called "Xiaoke", was co-created by the newspaper and researchers from Peking University in about half a year.
It is the latest case of Chinese news organizations using computer technology to create the content. According to its inventors, Xiaoke has generated over 200 stories based on the English abstract of papers published in journals such as Science, Nature, Cell and The New England Journal of Medicine.
Before publication, the automatically generated articles will go through a review process. A group of scientists and the newspaper's editors will check the content or give supplementary(补充的) information.
Zhang Mingwei, head of the program and vice editor-in-chief of the newspaper, said inventors would make Xiaoke a "cross-linguistic(跨语言的) academic secretary" to help Chinese scientists overcome language barriers and have easy and quick access to the latest scientific advances in English-language publications. Lead researcher Wan Xiaojun, of Peking University in charge of the system's design and technology, stressed that the content generation tool could do far more than translation. According to Wan, Xiaoke is good at selecting complex words and sentences, which can help turn articles full of confusing technical terms into easy and readable news reports.
The readers of the robot reporter are not limited to professionals and they also include the general public, the inventors said. Science reporting is important in spreading information about discoveries and in popularizing knowledge to people.
1.What can we learn about "Xiaoke"
A.It is a professional translator. B.It has the most advanced AI.
C.It can make up fiction stories. D.It generates science news reports.
2.What do people need to do to improve Xiaoke's work
A.Upgrade the artificial intelligence. B.Select complex words and sentences.
C.Check the content and add information. D.Help it get the latest scientific advances.
3.How does the inventors feel about "Xiaoke"
A.Optimistic. B.Skeptical. C.Disappointed. D.Puzzled.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The robot reporter of science news. B.The readers of the science reports.
C.The editor-in-chief of the newspaper. D.The latest case of news organizations.
四、
A group of sweaty kids ran around a field last week at Total Soccer Arena in Landover, Maryland. They talked not only in English, but also in Pashto, Arabic and other languages.
What made them different is that all of the kids are refugees(难民). They were playing as part of a camp that gives them a chance to develop their soccer skills and to meet other kids who had to start over their lives in the United States. The camp is run by an organisation called L.A.C.E.S., which stands for Life And Change Experienced thru Sports. The group uses soccer to help bring together communities that have experienced hardships.
Seren Fryatt got the idea for L.A.C.E.S. while playing on a women's soccer team in Liberia, an African country that had been at war with itself for 14 years. Fryatt, who's from Muncie, Indiana, saw that soccer brought joy to the Liberian women on her team, even though their lives off the field were very difficult. After starting a soccer programme for kids in Liberia, she decided to start a similar camp in Maryland, where she moved in 2015. Coaches volunteer their time, and the costs are paid mostly by donations. This year, 95 kids signed up.
The camp, for ages 9 to 14, is split(分开) between training that helps kids develop skills, such as passing and ball control, and meeting where they discuss life skills. One of the coaches, Louisa Pitney, said she likes seeing how the kids grow just from being together.
At the end of the camp's last day, all the kids gathered in the middle of the field. Fryatt asked them to raise their hands and say what they had learned that week. Some kids talked about soccer skills—one girl said she'd learned not to use her hands; a boy said he'd learned how to score a goal.
When a coach called one shy girl, she smiled before answering in a soft voice.
"Celebrate each other," she said.
1.What was special about the kids in the field
A.They couldn't speak English. B.They had faced hardships.
C.They hadn't been to America before. D.They were attending an international soccer match.
2.What encouraged Seren Fryatt to set up L.A.C.E.S.
A.A soccer programme for kids. B.The long-term war in Liberia.
C.A women's soccer team in Liberia. D.Coaches' volunteer work.
3.What do we know about the soccer camp
A.It gives coaches great pay. B.It was started for girls only.
C.It was organised in Liberia first. D.It teaches life skills as well as soccer skills.
4.What did the shy girl get from the soccer camp
A.How to work with others. B.How to speak in public.
C.How to make friends. D.How to praise others.
五、
School had just started in August when Conner began throwing up for no reason. It wasn't long before the boy also began suffering from terrible headaches. In February a 1.7-inch tumour was found in his brain and Conner was set to receive radiation treatments(放射疗法). Before treatments start, technicians make a white plastic mask to keep patients immovable and protect unaffected parts of the brain while radiation is directed at the tumour.
It's an unpleasant experience and a frightening time. The doctor Cook decided that the masks could at least be made to look like something fun—maybe Batman or Mickey Mouse. "I started thinking these masks are white and not fun at all for kids," she told The Greenville News. "I felt if we could make the masks a little more fun for them, they might be a little more excited about coming in for treatments. Because the kids are afraid. While the treatment itself isn't physically painful, it can cause a lot of anxiety. And the treatment is required daily for up to six weeks."
And the masks really make a difference. "The kids really like them," Cook said. "It makes what is, let's face it, a terrible experience, a nice one because they get to choose something themselves."
When new children come in for the treatment, Cook finds out what their favourite movies or cartoon characters are. Then she sets about creating the mask by drawing the image she wants onto paper, sticking it with glue, and once it's dry, she applies the colours using paints. Each child can take the mask home once the treatment ends.
"Going to the doctor always means fear and pain. I want to make it fun" she said. "The kids really love it. It's something they enjoy and can relate to. And it fills an interest I have. I get great pleasure from it."
1.Why was the plastic mask used according Paragraph 1
A.To check the patient's brain. B.To reduce the patient's headache.
C.To prevent the patient from throwing up. D.To protect the patient's brain during the treatment.
2.What can we know about the radiation treatment
A.It can be received at home. B.It has to be finished in a month.
C.It may make the patients feel worried. D.It will cause huge physical pain for patients.
3.What does Cook do to help the children being treated
A.Offer them some free masks as gifts. B.Show them their favourite movies or TV shows.
C.Dress them up as cartoon characters. D.Make the masks more interesting to kids.
4.What does the author want to show by telling this story
A.Love can treat terrible sickness. B.Kindness can bring warmth and joy.
C.Health matters to everyone. D.Creativity leads to success.
六、
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10:30-17:00 (16:00 in Oct).
House: 11:15-16:00 (15:00 in Oct).
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10:30-17:00 Summer. 10:30-16:00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museuma and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10:00-17:00, Sun 11:00-17:00.
Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10:00-16:30, Sun 12:00-16:30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09:30-17:30 (last admission 17:00)
Town: Grasmere
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A.09:30-17:30. B.10:30-16:00.
C.11:15-16:00. D.12:00-16:30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
A.Enjoy Romney's works. B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life
A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
七、
Hollywood is going green again. The Academy of Motion Pictures announced on Jan. 7 that food served at Oscar events will be almost entirely plant-based. Both the annual lunch for Oscar winners and the finger food served before the actual ceremony on Feb. 9 will be 100% plant-based. Reuters also reports that, "the menu for the Governors' Ball, a great event held immediately after the Oscar ceremony, will be 70% plant-based and 30%, fish and meat."
Additionally, drinks in plastic containers will no longer be served at any Oscar events. The Academy explained in a statement that, "For the past seven years, the Oscars show has had a low carbon mark. We continue to expand our sustainability plan(可持续发展计划) with the final goal of becoming carbon-free."
Lorenzo Soria, president of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, said he wasn't sure how the vegan (严格的素食主义的) menu would be received but was “pleasantly surprised" by the attention it produced. Though many questioned if long-time vegan and actor Joaquin Phoenix played a key role in the push to vegan, Soria says the change was supported by multiple actors in the industry.
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts(BAFTA) issued(发布) their guests a set of fashion guidelines this year, along with their own plant-based menu and eco-friendly travel tips. Sadly, this attempt wasn't successful. "It was a strange disconnect," journalist Hannah Marriott writes. "Perhaps BAFTA issued the advice too late for the celebrities to come on board " If you consider fashion production, shipping and use is responsible for around 10% of the world's annual carbon emissions, this was more than a missed moment.
Hopefully, both the entertainment industry and celebrities themselves will continue to use their global platform for good in the coming years—whether it's food, fashion or flights.
1. What is special about Hollywood's going green this time
A. It is mainly focused on food. B. It is globally supported.
C. It aims to consume no meat. D. It encourages healthy drinks.
2. What can we know about going green according to the Academy of Motion Pictures
A. It has made changes to human life. B. It is a new trend in the Oscars show.
C. It has been taking place in Hollywood. D. It is so urgent in the entertainment industry.
3. How do entertainers respond to going green judging from Lorenzo Soria's words
A. Most of them keep going on vegan diets.
B. All of them don't support the vegan menu.
C. Few of them doubt Joaquin Phoenix's efforts.
D. Many of them join in pushing people to vegan.
4. What can we infer about the going green attempt of BAFTA
A. It requires more improved advertising methods.
B. It is a goal most celebrities are eager to realize.
C. It is a concept deeply rooted in people's minds.
D. It suffers difficulties when carried out this time.
八、
Art therapy involves the use of creative techniques such as drawing, painting, colouring, or sculpting to help people express themselves artistically and examine the psychological and emotional undertones(含意). With the guidance of an art therapist, clients can "decode(解码)" the non-verbal messages in these art forms, which lead to a better understanding of their feelings and behaviour so they can resolve deeper issues.
Art therapy helps people explore their emotions, relieve stress, improve symptoms of anxiety and depression, and cope with a physical illness or disability. No artistic talent is necessary for art therapy to succeed, because the therapeutic process is not about the artistic value of the work, but rather about finding associations between the creative choices made and a client's inner life. The artwork can be used as a springboard(跳板) for reawakening memories and telling stories that may reveal messages and beliefs from the unconscious mind.
As with any form of therapy, your first session will consist of your talking to the therapist about why you want to find help and learning what the therapist has to offer. Together, you will come up with a treatment plan that involves creating some forms of artwork. Once you begin creating, the therapist may, at times, simply observe your process as you work, without interrupting. When you have finished a piece of artwork—and sometimes while you are still working on it—the therapist will ask you questions of how you feel about the artistic process, what is easy or difficult about creating your artwork, and what thoughts or memories you might have had while you are working. Generally, the therapist will ask about your experiences and feelings before providing any comments.
Art therapy is founded on the belief that self-expression through artistic creation has therapeutic value for those who are healing or seeking deeper understanding of themselves. Art therapists are trained to understand the roles that various art media like colour can play in the therapeutic process and how these tools can help reveal one's thoughts and feelings.
1.According to the passage, which of the following matters little in the therapeutic process
A.The style of the work. B.The emotions of the client.
C.The artistic value of the work. D.The memories of the client.
2.How does a therapist draw a conclusion about the client
A.By communicating with the client. B.By designing a treatment plan.
C.By observing the creating techniques. D.By recalling the experience and feelings.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Art therapists need to have a strong belief in themselves.
B.Choices of art elements reflect people's inner world.
C.Little training is needed to become an art therapist.
D.Clients are required to use different tools to show themselves.
4.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text
A.To teach people to be art therapists. B.To praise the devotion of therapists.
C.To explain the origin of art therapy. D.To popularise knowledge of art therapy.
九、
Pang Hui placed a few more pairs of chopsticks on the table for a family dinner, though she did not expect her big family of seven would use them as serving chopsticks.
Surprisingly, her 75-year-old father, who used to shrug off the idea of serving chopsticks, became a firm supporter this time, said Pang, 40, from Beihai, a coastal city of South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Chinese people often share dishes, and diners use their own chopsticks to serve themselves food from the shared dishes, a tradition now being challenged by the outbreak of COVID-19.
"We feel a sense of crisis as well as the urge to desert our old habits when we see reports of family infections," Pang said, pointing to the reports of the virus spreading via droplets and close contact.
Local governments are helping to encourage a shift, too. On Feb. 13, 2020, local authorities of Beihai started a campaign promoting serving chopsticks and spoons, which will avoid cross-infection caused by the use of personal chopsticks.
Similar measures were also adopted in other cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Taizhou City in East China's Jiangsu Province even standardized the colours of serving chopsticks and spoons to help diners differentiate(区分) them from personal ones.
The practice of eating wild animals has been targeted by the government, which remains present in certain areas.
China stopped the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly after the outbreak. The move became a permanent ban on Feb. 24, 2020, when the country made a decision on thoroughly prohibiting(禁止) the illegal trading of wildlife and the consumption of wild animals.
Li Bo, with the Hainan International Center for Wildlife Protection, said the consumption of wild animals could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people's health.
"The epidemic could become a turning point to eliminate the bad habit," Li said.
1.What can we learn about Pang Hui's family from the text
A.There are usually more than seven people dining together.
B.They have started to use serving chopsticks at table.
C.Pang Hui's father opposes using serving chopsticks.
D.They don't know how to avoid being infected by the virus.
2.According to the text, what has been done by the government
A.Sharing dishes has been abandoned. B.Cross-infection has been prevented.
C.Eating wild animals has been forbidden. D.Standard personal chopsticks have been adopted.
3.What does the underlined word "eliminate" in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Explain. B.Discover. C.Form. D.Remove.
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Serving Chopsticks Promoted B.Ways to Help People Stay Healthy
C.The Outbreak of COVID-19 Leads to Changes D.China Bans Trading of Wildlife
十、
Learning a second language is difficult at any age, and the longer you wait to open that dusty French book, the harder it gets. Now, in a new study, scientists have pointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency(流利) in a second language seem to rise 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it's "nearly impossible" for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second language after 10. But that doesn't seem to be because language skills go downhill. "It turns out you're still learning fast. It's just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old," says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children's brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they're better able to adapt and respond to new information. "All learning involves the brain changing," Hartshorne says. "And children's brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing."
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical(关键的) period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early pared to those estimates, 17 or 18—when language learning ability starts to drop off—seems old.
"People progress better when they learn by immersion(沉浸) rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that's not an option, you can create an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities," Hartshorne says. By doing so, it's possible to become conversationally fluent—even without the advantage of a child's brain.
1.What is the most important finding of the new study
A.The best age to learn a second language. B.The possibility of speaking fluent language.
C.The change of language skills over the time. D.The great approaches to learning a language.
2.Why do kids seem better than adults at learning new languages
A.Their focus is language learning only. B.They are more interested in languages.
C.They are more adaptable to new things. D.Their brain always ignores big changes.
3.What is Hartshorne's advice on becoming fluent in a second language
A.Joining friends in their learning. B.Turning to immersive learning.
C.Studying in a quiet classroom. D.Training the brain to be a kid's brain.
4.From which part of a newspaper is the text most probably taken
A.Science. B.Travel. C.Health. D.Education.
答案
一、
答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的To get the programme to the regional and neighbourhood levels, the EPA directed "Plug-In to eCycling Partners". These partnerships support electronic reusing programmes in individual communities.可知, 美国环护署推出了Plug-In to eCycling Partners计划, 是为了使当地地区和社区都可以参与eCycling项目。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programmes and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products.可知, Plug-In to eCycling Partners主要从事可回收电子产品的收集活动。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知, 不是所有的电子产品都能被回收利用。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文, 尤其根据最后一段可推知, 这篇文章的主要目的是吸引人们参加eCycling项目。故选C项。
二、
答案：1-4 BAAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中Before you start to work in your garden, it's necessary to have a vision for it. Thinking of what you want to grow in your garden and how to lay it out is a good first step in making your vision a fruitful reality. In life, you should consider what you want to create and what you want to achieve可知, 作者认为在破土动工之前, 有个好的规划很重要。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中This is why gardeners take the time and energy to improve the soil before planting. So, creating the right soil is important to the realisation of your goals and dreams. Fortunately, there are countless ways to make your personal bedrock better. Getting an education is one of the most effective ways, which can help you enrich your life's soil.可知, 作者把改善土壤条件比喻为接受教育。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中It's a very clear act that produces an expected result. Each of us has the power to decide which "life seeds" to plant. For example, if you plant ill seeds, it's likely that you'll experience pain in return. Contrarily, if you plant seeds of kindness and understanding, your life will bloom with happiness and love.可知, 作者想在这一段告诉读者: 我们的高质量生活取决于我们的积极付出。故选A项。
4.词义猜测题。根据第四段中...because a garden requires a lot of care and attention. Regular watering and weeding are required for a healthy garden. So, to ensure your dreams take root, you should be devoted, aware, and present. After countless hours and energy spent, the crops have grown well and are finally ready to be harvested.可知, 把种子播种到土壤里后, 花园还需要很多的照料才能长得很好并最终丰收。由此可推知, 种子播种到土壤里后, 真正"艰难的"工作才刚开始。因此画线词arduous意为"艰难的"。故选D项。
三、
答案：1-4 DCAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"it has used software to automatically generate news stories...leading science journals"可知, "小科"已经使用软件从世界一流的科学期刊上自动生成了关于最新发现的新闻报道, D选项"它产生了很多科学类新闻报道"与之相符。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知, 在发布之前, 自动生成的文章将经过审阅过程, 一组科学家和报社编辑将检查它的内容或提供补充信息, C选项"检查内容并增加信息"与之相符。
3.观点态度题。根据第四段中的"Lead researcher Wan Xiaojun...the content generation tool could do far more than translation."和第五段中的"The readers of the robot reporter are not limited to professionals and they also include the general public"可知, 机器人记者可以做的远不止翻译, 它的读者并不局限于专业人士, 它的读者也包括公众, 由此可推知, 这款机器人有良好的发展前景, 它的发明者对它持积极乐观的态度。
4.主旨大意题。本文介绍了一款能运用软件自动生成科学类新闻报道的机器人科学记者, 所以A选项"科学新闻的机器人记者"正确。
四、
答案：1-4 BCDD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的What made them different is that all of the kids are refugees.可知, 这些孩子的不同之处在于他们都是难民, 即他们面临困难。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Seren Fryatt got the idea for L.A.C.E.S. while playing on a women's soccer team in Liberia, an African country that had been at war with itself for 14 years.可知, 是在利比里亚的一支女子足球队的经历鼓励了塞伦创办该组织。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The camp, for ages 9 to 14, is split between training that helps kids develop skills, such as passing and ball control, and meeting where they discuss life skills.可知, 这个训练营一方面帮助孩子发展传球、控球等技能, 一方面培养他们的生活技能。故选D项。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后的When a coach called one shy girl, she smiled before answering in a soft voice. "Celebrate each other," she said.可知, 这个害羞的女孩认为自己学会了和别人彼此赞美, 即表扬别人。故选D项。
五、
答案：1-4 DCDB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的technicians make a white plastic mask to keep patients immovable and protect unaffected parts of the brain while radiation is directed at the tumour可知, 在放射线直接照射肿瘤生长区域时, 塑料面罩可以让病人保持不动, 并保护其脑部未生长肿瘤的部分。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的the kids are afraid和While the treatment itself isn't physically painful, it can cause a lot of anxiety.可知, 虽然放射治疗本身并不会给孩子们造成身体上的痛苦, 但是孩子们会感到害怕, 治疗过程往往会引起他们的焦虑。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知, 库克医生会根据孩子喜欢的电影或卡通人物为他们准备特殊的面罩, 从而为孩子们带去一些乐趣, 帮助孩子们接受治疗。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一位医生通过制作卡通面罩来缓解放射治疗过程中孩子们的焦虑情绪的故事, 通过医生的礼物, 治疗过程不再令人害怕和焦虑。B项"善良可以带来温暖和快乐"符合文章主题。
六、
答案：1-3 CAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一部分中的"House: 11：15-16：00 (15：00 in Oct)."可知, 在七月周日的参观时间是11：15-16：00, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二部分中的"The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives."可知, 在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romney的作品。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分第一句以及最后一行"Town: Grasmere"可知, 如果游客想了解Wordsworth的生活可以去Grasmere。故选D项。
七、
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段第一句可知,这一次他们的环保行为主要集中在食品上。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段首句和第二段中"The Academy explained in a statement that, ' For the past seven years, the Oscars how has had a low carbon mark. We continue to expand our sustainability plan(可持续发展计划) with the final goal of becoming carbon-fee.' "可推断,好莱坞一直都在进行环保行动。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Lorenzo Soria, president of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, said he wasn't sure how the vegan(严格的素食主义的) menu would be received but was 'pleasantly surprised' by the attention it produced. Though many questioned if long-time vegan and actor Joaquin Phoenix played a key role in the push to vegan, Soria says the change was supported by multiple actors in the industry."可知,并非所有艺人都支持吃素。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中"Sadly, this attempt wasn't successful. 'It was a strange disconnect' journalist Hannah Marriott writes. 'Perhaps BAFTA issued the advice too late for the celebrities to come on board '"可知,他们的尝试是失败的,并非所有艺人都支持环保,由此可推断,本次环保尝试在实施过程中遭遇了困难。
八、
答案：1-4 CABD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的No artistic talent is necessary for art therapy to succeed, because the therapeutic process is not about the artistic value of the work, but rather about finding associations between the creative choices made and a client's inner life.可知, 治疗过程并非是关于作品的艺术价值的, 即作品的艺术价值在治疗过程中无关紧要。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的Generally, the therapist will ask about your experiences and feelings before providing any comments.可知, 治疗师在提供意见前会询问客户的经历和感受, 即与客户进行交流。故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的Art therapists are trained to understand the roles that various art media like colour can play in the therapeutic process and how these tools can help reveal one's thoughts and feelings.可推知, 艺术元素的选择反映了人们的内心世界。故选B项, 其中的art elements和文中的art media为词义复现。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的With the guidance of an art therapist, clients can "decode" the non-verbal messages in these art forms, which lead to a better understanding of their feelings and behaviour so they can resolve deeper issues.以及全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了艺术治疗的相关概念、内容和方法以及对客户的帮助和作用, 由此可推知作者写作的主要目的是普及艺术治疗的相关知识。故选D项。
九、
答案：1-4 BCDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Pang Hui placed a few more pairs of chopsticks on the table for a family dinner"可推知, 庞慧家里已经开始在餐桌上使用公筷, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第八段中的"the country made a decision on thoroughly prohibiting the illegal trading of wildlife and the consumption of wild animals"可知, 中国政府已经全面禁止食用野生动物, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据第九段中的"the consumption of wild animals could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people's health"可知, 食用野生动物可能加速某种物种的灭绝, 破坏生态平衡而且对人的健康有害。由此可知, 食用野生动物是一种陋习, 并结合画线词所在句和语境可知, 疫情可能成为消除这种陋习的转折点, 故选D项。
4.标题判断题。本文以新冠肺炎疫情暴发后, 庞慧一家使用公筷引出话题, 接着下文中讲到了政府在饮食方面推出的一些新政策, 这都是新冠肺炎疫情暴发带来的改变, 故C项最适合作为本文的标题。
十、
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Now, in a new study, scientists have pointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to rise 10.可知, 新研究最重要的发现是学习第二语言的最佳年龄。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children's brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they're better able to adapt and respond to new information.可知, 孩子似乎比成年人更擅长学习第二语言是因为孩子对新事物的适应性更强。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的People progress better when they learn by immersion rather than simply in a classroom.可推断, 哈茨霍恩建议想要流利地说第二语言的人们采用沉浸式的学习方式。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Now, in a new study, scientists have pointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to rise 10.以及接下来的内容可知, 本文主要介绍了学习第二语言的最佳年龄, 这属于教育范畴, 由此可推断, 本文最有可能出自报纸中的"教育"版块。故选D项。

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