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（6）阅读理解-社会类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
1. 【2022年全国乙卷，阅读D】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1.Why was the sugar tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children's health. D.To encourage research in education.
2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A.They turned to overseas markets. B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production. D.They reduced their products' sugar content.
3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk-based drinks.
C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke.
4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
2. 【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读B】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte wits, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., Which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat." Curtin says.
1. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
3. What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
3. 【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读C】
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: "I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
"It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful."
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: "Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: "We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."
1. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
3. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
4. 【2022年山西太原模拟，阅读C】
More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.
Where does it all go Take the blanket I bought on holiday sale for example. I opened the package, only to discover it was just too small for my new sofa. So I returned it. Sorry, blanket! What will happen to it
"Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill," says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. "That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path." Value is the big threshold (门槛):Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商)throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.
Many others get resold in discount and outlet stores. Some go to sellers on websites. Some get donated to charity or recycled. "These options have increased over the past decade, allowing more and more returns to find a new home", says Marcus Shen, chief operating officer of B-Stock, a platform where retailers can resell their returns, often to smaller stores.
As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. Most importantly, Shen says, shoppers themselves are getting more and more comfortable with buying stuff that's not exactly brand-new.
"The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right " he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The challenge facing the American economy.
B. The urgency to cut down on online shopping.
C. The returning problem caused by overbuying online.
D. The cost of finding new homes for returned goods.
2. Why do some returns end up in landfills
A. It's required by the return policies. B. It saves retailers 6 billion pounds a year.
C. It's impossible to put returns to other uses. D. It's more economically efficient for retailers.
3. How does technology contribute to less returning
A. By helping shoppers make better decisions.
B. By restoring the newness in returned goods.
C. By improving the return policy-making process.
D. By drawing pictures of the goods for the shoppers.
4. Which of the following examples indicates a desirable end-result for returns
A. TikTok items. B. The coffee mug.
C. The blanket. D. A right-size sweater.
5. 【2022年辽宁高三模拟，阅读D】
Despite their endless social activities, closely packed urban environments often come with the hidden phenomenon of increased loneliness. According to Dr. Vivek Murthy, United States Surgeon General, the global "loneliness epidemic" is an overlooked consequence of urban living that carries serious risks, associated with heart disease, depression, anxiety, and dementia.
While there are many ways to overcome loneliness, such as redesigning urban architecture to help facilitate social interactions or making it easier for people to own pets, a new study also recommends adding nature into the mix.
The findings, published in the journal Scientific Reports, follows a review of assessments provided by more than 750 U.K. residents who volunteered to use a custom–built smartphone app for two weeks. The participants were questioned randomly three times a day using a technique called an "ecological momentary assessment." In addition to questions about overcrowding and social inclusion(融入), the volunteers were asked about their natural surroundings ,such as "Can you see trees, plants and water right now " Feelings of "momentary loneliness" were then ranked on a five-point scale.
According to the more than 16,600 assessments received, overcrowded environments increased feelings of loneliness by a shocking 38%, regardless of age, gender, education level, or occupation. When people were able to interact with green spaces or hear birds or see the sky, however, loneliness dropped by 28%. Social inclusivity, defined by the research team as feeling welcomed by a group or sharing similar values, also dropped loneliness by 21%.
These findings appear to correlate(联系) with previous research into the mental benefits of walking through natural areas. Johanna Gibbons, leader of the research team, further indicates that high-quality green and blue spaces such as parks and rivers in dense urban areas, which is often viewed as a key weapon in the fight against climate change, can also be critical in improving our own well-being and reducing feelings of isolation. She said, "I believe deep in our souls, there are really deep connections with natural forces."
1. What problem is discussed in paragraph 1 A. Urban living lacks social connection. B. Loneliness is a growing threat in cities.C. Modern cities are getting overcrowded. D. Aging population are facing more risks.2. What did the social survey focus on A. How loneliness affected people of all ages. B. What the root of the loneliness in cities was.C. How hi-technology improved people's lives. D. What people's favorite living surroundings were.3. What might help deal with urban loneliness according to the new survey A. A life experience in nature. B. Low rates of social activities.C. An overcrowded environment. D. A design of urban architecture.4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph A. Playing hard is harmful to mental health. B. People in green spaces may be more cheerful.C. Global warming changes our characteristics. D. Everything is connected with natural forces.
6. 【2022年重庆高三模拟，阅读C】
Swimming is a wonderful thing for me-exercise, reflection and alone time. The only thing that can ruin a swim is when I shift my attention from my lane to what's happening in the lanes next to me. I can catch myself racing the person next to me, or comparing our strokes.
Comparison is actually not an emotion. Researchers explain that comparing the self with others, either intentionally or unintentionally, is a common social phenomenon.
Comparison is the desire for consistency from one side and competition from the other—it's trying to be like everyone else, but better. When we compare ourselves with others, we are ranking around a specific collection of "alike things". I'm not swimming against Katie Ledecky's times, I'm just interested in the stranger in the lane next to me. When we compare, we want to be the best of our group. It's not be yourself and respect others for being genuine, but to win. I want to swim the same workout as you, and beat you at it.
In general, however, social comparisons are not associated with life satisfaction or the positive emotions of love and joy but are associated with the negative emotions of fear, anger, shame and sadness.
Here's what makes all of this really tough: Many social psychologists consider social comparison something that happens to us. More often than not, we don't even know we're doing it. This lack of awareness can lead to us showing up in ways that are hurtful to ourselves and others.
So we get to choose how we're going to let it affect us. My new strategy is to look at the person in the lane next to me, and say to myself, as if I'm talking to them, "Have a great swim." That way, I acknowledge the inevitable and make a conscious decision to wish them well, and return to my swim. So far, it's working pretty well.
1.What do we know about comparison
A.It is nothing but an emotion. B.It is trying to be the true self.
C.It is to be different and be the best. D.It is to fit in and meanwhile to win.
2.What may be the author's attitude to social comparison
A.Critical. B.Doubtful. C.Indifferent. D.Favorable.
3.What is the feature of social comparison in the eyes of many psychologists
A.Its unavoidability. B.Its emotional influence.
C.Its uncertainty. D.Its cultural root.
4.Why is swimming frequently mentioned in the text
A.To present a social perspective on a sport issue.
B.To use it as an example to support an opinion.
C.To describe the right process of solving a problem.
D.To show love for sports with a personal experience.
7. 【2022年湖南衡阳模拟，阅读C】
On Nov 26, lawmakers in Beijing passed the city's modified family planning and population regulations. One of the highlights was that maternity leave (产假)would be extended by 30 days.
Tang Xiaoyu, who has a 5-month-old baby, said she had the feeling of winning the lottery. The 32-year-old works in the human resources department of an Internet company in Beijing. Previously, new mothers like her were usually entitled to 128 days of paid maternity leave.
Moreover, new mothers can now take additional maternity leave of one to three months if their employer agrees, and both mother and father can have five days of child care leave every year until their child reaches the age of 3.
Beijing is one of about 20 provincial—level entities that have decided to extend maternity leave or add parental leave to their newly modified family planning regulations.
After the adoption of the third-child policy in August, the extra measures were rolled out as part of moves to ease the burden of having a newborn and also to encourage families to have more children.
Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University's Institute of Population Research, said that the extension of maternity leave in several regions is a significant move toward building a "fertility (生育)friendly" society. "However, it may have negative aspects," he told Legal Daily.
Song Tianjiao, who is looking for a job in Beijing, said she was asked about her status of marriage and childbearing plans at several job interviews. In one extreme case, she was asked to guarantee that she would not get pregnant for two years after starting the job.
"In such an environment, will the extension of maternity leave make it harder for women to find a job " she said.
Chen Xia, a researcher with the Institute of Philosophy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that such concerns are reasonable, and the current dilemma is that the costs of favorable fertility policies are shouldered almost totally by employers.
1.In the second paragraph, Tang Xiaoyu had "the feeling of winning the lottery", because ______.
A.she had enough money to support her family
B.her maternity leave increased to 30 days
C.she had more time to take care of her baby
D.she was very grateful to the new policy
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Lawmakers hoped to ease the burden of having more children.
B.The third-child policy must be carried out strictly.
C.New mothers shall take maternity leave of one to three months.
D.More job opportunities will be created for women
3.What can be inferred from what Song Tianjiao said
A.Lengthened leave will likely impose heavier costs on family.
B.The new policies may deepen gender discrimination in the workplace.
C.A woman's childbearing plans will be asked about at the job interviews.
D.The extension of maternity leave contributes to building a fertility-friendly society.
4.According to Chen Xia, one possible measure to solve the negative aspects is ______.
A.issuing fertility allowances for families
B.making tax—free policies for employers
C.promoting gender equality
D.formulating loosened third—child policies
8. 【2022年解析萍乡模拟，阅读D】
Although many of us associate workaholism with the finance industry, in fact, it is expanding into more sectors and professions than ever. New studies show that workers around the world are adding an average of 9.2 hours of unpaid overtime per week—up from 7.3 hours just a year ago.
The roots of this phenomenon can be traced back to the "Protestant work ethic" in the 16th Century —a worldview held in Europe that made hard work and the quest for profit seem admirable. Sally Maitlis, a professor at Oxford University, says that the drive for efficiency arising from the Industrial Revolution and the way we prize productivity have further planted the value of consistent hard work, often at the cost of personal wellbeing.
In parallel with this work-worship, however, came an unpleasant consequence — burnout. Occupational burnout was being studied in workers in the human services industry, many of whom were on call throughout the night, and reported headaches, depression and impatience on the job. A decade later, when the economy greatly improved in places like the US and UK, people worked long and hard. But while the overwork was honored, the burnout that followed hasn't been.
The WHO defines burnout as a symptom resulting from workplace stress, leaving you feeling exhausted and questioning why you took the job in the first place. The body formally recognized burnout as an "occupational phenomenon".
Luckily, we have come to understand more about the results of overwork and the burnout. And experts are expressing hope for a new era that numbers wellbeing before overwork. "Workplaces can be very unhealthy environments—if there was any time to change the way we work, now is the time," says Maitlis,"If you take a plant and put it in a pot and don't water it and give it poor soil and not enough sun, I don't care how attractive the plant was to begin with — it isn't going to strive. "1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about A. The origins of overwork. B. The way that people in Europe work.C.The rewards of overwork. D. The reason why personal wellbeing is important.2. What do we know about the burnout A.Our body would get used to it soon.B. It died down as the economy improved.C.It could raise your self-doubt over your work.D. It played a key role in increasing work productivity.3. In the last paragraph, the plant is taken as an example to stress _______.A. the correct way to care for plantsB. the necessity to solve occupational burnoutC.the difficulty of changing the way we workD. the importance of growing plants in workplaces4. What's Maitlis' attitude towards overwork A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Sympathetic.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 CDDB
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖)"可知, 征收含糖税是为了保护孩子的健康。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的"It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax"可知, 一些饮料制造商为避税, 降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的"However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola"以及"Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax"可知, 果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精饮料是免征含糖税的, 而可口可乐公司是一些高含糖量饮料的生产商, 由此推断出Classic Coke是需要缴税的。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可以推测出含糖税的征收是一个成功的案例。故选B。
2.答案：1-4 BBDA
解析：1. 细节理解题。题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知, 更糟糕的是, 作者不假思索地买了太多东西; 作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知, 我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。题干问的是"根据文本内容, 食物浪费的一个后果是什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知, 生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源, 这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知, 食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields"可知, 该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品, 回收了超过807500磅的食物, 否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知, Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知, Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A。
3.答案：1-4 DBCA
解析：1.目的意图题。题干问的是"这个项目的目的是什么 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第二段, 根据第二段的内容可知, 该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想, 旨在减少老人的孤独感, 改善其健康状况。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。题干问的是"这个项目是如何影响Ruth Xavier的 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第五段, 根据第五段Ruth Xavier说的对这个项目的感受"我很享受这些有创意的活动, 做一些有用的事情的感觉很好"可知, 她从这个项目中获得了成就感。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。题干问的是"第七段画线部分'embark on'是什么意思 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第七段, 根据第七段Wendy Wilson的话"居民们非常欢迎这个项目和创意会议的想法。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣"并结合画线部分可推知, 画线部分所在句的意思是"第一批开始这个项目的组织之一", 因此画线部分的意思为"开始"。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。题干问的是"从最后两段我们可以了解到关于这个项目的什么信息 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的最后两段, 最后两段讲述了一些组织参与到这个项目的感受。根据Wendy Wilson和Lynn Lewis两位负责人说的话可知, 这个项目得到了好评。故选A。
4.答案：1-4 CDAB
解析：1.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U.S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.(超过5万亿美元。这是美国购物者去年购买的所有商品的估计价值，而这些商品的退货量却超过了以色列或奥地利的经济总值。在TikTok上看到新品牌后，我们尝试尺寸不熟悉的品牌。我们在假期过度买，过度网购，在网上退货的可能性是实体商店的两到五倍。)"可知，第一段内容主要是关于美国购物者网上过度购买导致的退货问题。故选C。2.推理判断题。 根据第三段" 'Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,' says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. 'That is what consumers don't realize —the life of a return is a very. very sad path.' Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers(零售商)throw away about 25% of their returns. Every year, U.S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.(亚利桑那州立大学供应链管理教授Hitendra Chaturvedi说："你的毯子很可能在垃圾填埋场。"。"就是消费者没有意识到的，一件退货的生命是一条非常非常悲伤的道路。"价值是一个很大的门槛：产品是否值得付运费，和花钱请人进行检查、清洁、维修或测试？专家估计，零售商丢弃了大约25%的退货。每年，美国都会产生将近60亿磅的垃圾填埋场垃圾。)"可知，大多数退货所产生的运费和其他附加费用高过商品价值本身，商家因此选择直接扔掉退货，由此可知，扔掉退货对零售商来说更具经济效益，因此许多退货最终会被丢进垃圾填埋场。故选D。3.推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段"As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room.(随着公司在灵活的退货政策上展开竞争， 技术也在慢慢发挥作用：帮助购物者购买合适尺寸的毛衣或帮助他们想象他们房间里的一张新毯子。)"可知，技术可以帮助消费者抉择商品是否适合自己的需求，从而帮助购物者做出更好的购买决定。故选A。4.推理判断题。 根据最后一段"'The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right ' he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.("这种想法对我们来说不再可怕了,对吧？"他说。在他的假日退货议程上，有一个他从未打开过的电热咖啡杯，他相信它会找到一个快乐的新买家。)"可知，这个电热咖啡杯的退货会带来一个理想的结局。故选B。
5.答案：1-4 BBAB
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据首句Despite their endless social activities, closely packed urban environments often come with the hidden phenomenon of increased loneliness.可知，密集的城市环境常常伴随着隐藏的孤独感增加的现象。因此，B项"在城市里孤独是一个日益严重的威胁"符合题意。故选B。2. 推理判断题。 根据第三段In addition to questions about overcrowding and social inclusion(融入),the volunteers were asked about their natural surroundings, such as "Can you see trees, plants and water right now "可知，社会调查主要关注的是找到城市中 孤独的根源。故选B。3. 细节理解题。 根据第四 段 When people were able to interact with green spaces or hear birds or see the sky, however, loneliness dropped by 28%.可知，亲近大自然可以帮助减少城市孤独。故选A。4.推理判断题 根据最后一段high-quality green and blue spaces such as parks and rivers in dense urban areas, can also be critical in improving our own well-being and reducing feelings of isolation.可知，公园绿地可以提高我们的幸福，减少孤独感，使我们更加积极的对待生活。故选B。
6.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段Researchers explain that comparing the self with others, either intentionally or unintentionally, is a common social phenomenon.(研究人员解释说,有意无意地将自己与他人比较是一种常见的社会现象。)和第三段Comparison is the desire for consistency from one side and competition from the other-it's trying to be like everyone else, but better.(比较是一方对一致性的渴望,另一方对竞争的渴望一它试图像其他人一样,但更好。)可知,攀比是融入社会,同时也取得胜利。故选D。
2.观点态度题。根据第四段"In general, however, social comparisons are not associated with life satisfaction or the positive emotions of love and joy but are associated with the negative emotions of fear, anger, shame and sadness.,来说,社会比较与生活满意度或者爱与快乐的积极情绪无关,而是与恐惧、愤怒、羞耻和悲伤的消极情绪有关。"可知,作者觉得"social comparison社会比较"与恐惧、愤怒、羞耻和悲伤的消极情绪有关,持否定和批判的态度。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Here's what makes all of this really tough: Many social psychologists consider social comparison something that happens to us.这就是为什么所有这一切都很困难:许多社会心理学家认为社会比较是发生在我们身上的事情。"可知,在社会心理学家看来,它是发生在我们身上的事情,是不可避免的。故选A。
4.推理判断题。第一段"Swimming is a wonderful thing for me-exercise, reflection and alone time. The only thing that can ruin a swim is when I shift my attention from my lane to what' s happening in the lanes next to me. I can catch myself racing the person next to me, or comparing our strokes.游泳对我来说是一件美妙的事情一一锻炼、反思和独处的时间。唯一能毁掉游泳的事情就是当我把注意力从泳道转移到我旁边泳道发生的事情时,我能发现自己在和旁边的人比赛,或者比较我们的划水。"作者提到游泳,并引出话题"比较;第三段"I'm not swimming against Katie Ledecky's times, I'm just interested in the stranger in the lane next to me. When we compare, we want to be the best of our group. It's not be yourself and respect others for being genuine, but to win. I want to swim the same workout as you, and beat you at it. shame and sadness.然而,一般来说,社会比较与生活满意,度或者爱与快乐的积极情绪无关,而是与恐惧、愤怒、羞耻和悲伤的消极情绪有关。";最后一段"So we get to choose how we're going to let it affect us. My new strategy is to look at the person in the lane next to me, and say to myself, as if I'm talking to them," Have a great swim. "That way, I acknowledge the inevitable and make a conscious decision to wish them well, and return to my swim. So far, it's working pretty well.所以我们可以选择如何让它影响我们,我的新策略是看着我旁边车道上的人,然后对自己说,就好像我在跟他们说话一样'祝你游得愉快'这样的话,我就能意识到不可避免的事情,然后有意识地做出决定,祝他们好运,然后继续游泳,到目前为止,一切都很顺利。"提到游泳,陈述"我的新策略";所以作者频繁地提到游泳,都是以游泳为例,陈述自己对于"比较"的观点和策略。故选B。
7.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的On Nov26,lawmakers in Beijing passed the city's modified family planning and population regulations One of the highlights was that maternity leave(产假) would be extended by 30 days.(11月26日,北京的立法者通过了城市修改后的计划生育和人口条例。其中一个亮点是,产假将延长30天)可推断,因为产假延长,唐小玉有更多时间照孩子,因此她有种中了彩票的感觉。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段"After the adoption of the third-child policy in August, the extra measures were rolled out as part of moves to ease the burden of having a newborn and also to encourage families to have more children..(在8月份通过了三孩政策后,这项额外的措施被推出,作为减轻新生儿负担和鼓励家庭多生孩子的举措的一部分。)可知,立法人员希望减轻生更多孩子的负担。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的Song Tianjiao, who is looking for a job in Beijing, said she was asked about her status of marriage and childbearing plans at several job interviews. In one extreme case, she was asked to guarantee that she would not get pregnant for two years after starting the job.(正在北京找工作的宋天娇说,在几次工作面试中,她被问及自己的婚烟状况和生育计划。在一个极端的情况下,她被要求保证自己在开始工作后的两年内不会怀孕。)'和倒数第二段"In such an environment, will the extension of maternity leave make it harder for women to find a job ' she said.(她说:"在这样的环境下,延长产假是否会让女性更难找到工作。")可知,宋天娇在面试中受到歧视,因此从她的话中可推断,新政策可能会加深工作中的性别歧视。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段Chen Xia, a researcher with the Institute of Philosophy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that such concerns are reasonable, and the current dilemma is that the costs of favorable fertility policies are shouldered almost totally by employers.(中国社会科学院哲学研究所的研究员陈霞说,这种担忧是合理的,目前的困境是,有利生育政策的成本几乎完全由雇主承担。)可推知根据陈说的,给雇主制定免税政策是解决负面影响可能的措施。故选B。
8.答案：1-4 ACBB
解析：1.主旨大意题。 根据第二段"The roots of this phenomenon can be traced back to the "Protestant work ethic" in the loth Century— a worldview held in Europe that made hard work and the quest for profit seem admirable. Sally Maitis, a professor at Oxford University, says that the drive for efficiency arising from the Industrial Revolution and the way we prize productivity have further planted the value of consistent hard work, often at the cost of personal wellbeing.(这种现象的根源可以追溯到16世纪的"新教职业道德"—欧洲人所持的一种世界观，使努力工作和追求利润看起来令人钦佩。牛津大学教授Sally Maitlis表示，工业革命引发的对效率的追求，以及我们对生产率的重视，进一步培育了持续努力工作的价值，而这种努力往往是以牺牲个人福祉为代价的)"可知，第二段主要说明了过度工作的根源。故选A。2.细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中"The WHO defines burnout as a symptom resulting from workplace stress, leaving you feeling exhausted and questioning why you took the job in the first place.(世界卫生组织将职业倦怠定义为工作压力导致的症状，让你感到疲惫，并质疑自己最初为什么要接受这份工作)"可知，倦怠会让你对工作产生自我怀疑。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Luckily, we have come to understand more about the results of overwork and the burnout. And experts are expressing hope for a new era that numbers wellbeing before overwork. "Workplaces can be very unhealthy environments - if there was any time to change the way we work, now is the time," says Maitlis, "If you take a plant and put it in a pot and don't water it and give it poor soil and not enough sun, I don't care how attractive the plant was to begin with — it isn't going to strive. "(幸运的是，我们已经更多地了解了过度工作和倦怠的结果。而且专家们对一个新的时代表示希望，这个时代把健康放在过度工作之前。"工作场所可能是非常不健康的环境—如果有任何时间来改变我们的工作方式，现在就是时候了，"梅特里斯说，"如果你把一株植物放在盆里，不给它浇水，给它贫瘠的土壤和不足的阳光，我不在乎这株植物一开始有多吸引人—它不会茂盛起来。")"可推知，在最后一段，以植物为例来强调解决职业倦怠的必要性。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中" "Workplaces can be very unhealthy environments—if there was any time to change the way we work, now is the time, " says Maitlis, "If you take a plant and put it in a pot and don't water it and give it poor soil and not enough sun, I don't care how attractive the plant was to begin with —it isn't going to strive."( "工作场所可能是非常不健康的环境—如果有任何时间来改变我们的工作方式，现在就是时候了，"梅特里斯说，"如果你把一株植物放在盆里，不给它浇水，给它贫瘠的土壤和不足的阳光，我不在乎这株植物一开始有多吸引人—它不会茂盛起来。")"可推知，Maitlis不支持过度工作。故选B。

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