资源简介

湖南省衡阳市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编
03语篇填空（语法填空、短文填空）&补全对话
补全对话
（2022·湖南衡阳）根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上适当的句子，使对话的意义连贯、完整。
(Kangkang met Michael at the airport.)
K: Long time no see, Michael. Did you have a good time in your hometown
M: ____________1____________. I visited many good friends there. But I’m sorry I missed your birthday party on April 16th.
K: ___________2____________. I had a meaningful birthday. Because on that day, Shenzhou -13 carrying three astronauts landed safely.
M: Wow, how exciting! ____________3____________
K: They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
M: ____________4____________
K: They have been in space for 183 days.
M: ___________5____________
K: They did lots of research there. They also had space-based lectures. By the way, Shenzhou-14 was launched at 10:44 a.m. on June 5th.
M: Amazing! They’re heroes!
K: You’re right. We Chinese are so proud of them!
（2021·湖南衡阳）
(There will be a class meeting about the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC．Li Hong and Wang Lin are asked to make a report about their favorite scientists in China. Now they are talking in class )
Li Hong: Hi, Wang Lin, ____6____
Wang Lin: Yuan Longping.
Li Hong: ___7 ____
Wang Lin: Because he helped to feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. He was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice.”
Li Hong: ____8____
Wang Lin: Of course. Though he made great contributions to help feed the world, he lived a simple life.
Li Hong: What a great scientist! We Chinese people are really proud of him.
Wang Lin: ____9____. Unfortunately, we know he passed away on May 22nd, 2021.
Li Hong: ____10____! I think we can learn a lot from him.
（2020·湖南衡阳）Mrs. Wang: Hello, Dr. Liu. This is Mrs. Wang speaking.
Dr. Liu: Hello, Mrs. Wang.____________11____________
Mrs. Wang: I' m worried, so I have some questions to ask you. As we know, these days many people have COVID-19 .____________12____________
Dr. Liu: First, we should exercise often to build us up. Second,___________13___________. Third, we should wash hands often.
Mrs. Wang:____________14____________
Dr Liu: We must keep away from crowded people. We' d better not go to public places.
Mrs. Wang: Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have COVID-19
Dr. Liu: Yes, we must.
Mrs. Wang:______________15______________. Thank you!
语法填空
（2021·湖南衡阳）
Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians(数学家) in ancient China. He was born during the Northern and Southern ____16____ ( dynasty). From a young age, Zu was taught natural science, astronomy(天文学), math and so on. The little boy was ___17____ ( interest) in all of these subjects, especially in ____18____ .
Zu was best known for his calculation(计算) of pi (π). According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks. ____19____ took him lots of time to work out the value — ____20____ 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. No one at that time was able to do better than Zu. And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world. In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest ____21____ (call) pi“Zu Lv”.
Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy. He worked out that a year should be 365.24281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. ____22____ , government officials at that time did not agree with Zu. The great mathematician ____23____ saw his calendar put into use. Almost ten years after his ____24____ (die), the new calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was an inventor, too. He once made a vehicle(车辆) ____25____ carried a pointer (指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.
（2020·湖南衡阳）West Lake is suitable for visiting all year round. The scenery is different according to the weather and season.
Spring
Spring ( from March to May) is the best season to visit West Lake. In Spring, green ____26____(leaf) and flowers make West Lake more beautiful. Lots of visitors choose to visit West Lake in March and April.
Summer
Summer( from____27____ to August) is the season of Lotus(莲花) flowers. The lotuses attract many people. “Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard" (曲院风荷)is one of the____28____ famous sights of West Lake. It is also the best place to visit in summer. It is an area by the ___29____ (west) bank of the lake. Every summer, there____30____ ( be) hundreds of kinds of beautiful lotuses____31____ are enjoyed by millions of visitors from home and abroad.
Autumn
Autumn( from September to November) is cool at West Lake. In Autumn, the enjoyable weather is right for____32____ ( walk) round or going boating on the lake. West Lake is also a popular place for enjoying the____33____ moon in the sky at the Mid - Autumn Festival.
Winter
Winter( from December to February) at West Lake is very cold and wet. Sometimes it snows. The snow makes West Lake white and beautiful. “Melting Snow at Broken Bridge" is beautiful scenery in winter. The bridge is famous not____34____ for its snowy scenery, but also for its romantic tale. It was on the Broken Bridge that Bai Suzhen first met her____35_____( love), Xu Xian.
短文汉语提示填空
（2020·湖南衡阳）Forests are the lungs of the earth. Without them, it cannot breathe. It needs its forests to remove carbon dioxide from the air and to make oxygen. In many countries, such as New Zealand, Canada, and Brazil, forests were cut down to___36___ (提供)wood to build houses. Cutting down trees is h___37___ to human beings,animals and plants. Many young volunteers around the world are working in their holidays to plant new trees to replace them.
These young men and women f___38___ many difficulties when they plant new trees. The weather may be very hot and dry or may be very cold and wet. Tree _____39_____(种植者) are changing the world. They plant different types of trees so that birds and animals can live in the forests. They b_____40_____that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests.
（2022·湖南衡阳）根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。
It was snowy and dark on the l____41____ evening of the year. Many people were getting together in their warm homes. A poor little girl was still walking in the streets with no shoes. There were some matches in her hand.
“Matches, matches!” the little girl cried in a low voice. No one heard her when they were passing by. She didn’t sell any matches and no one gave her a ____42____ (硬币). The wind was blowing strongly and the snow was falling down on her long hair. She felt cold and hungry.
Lights were shining from every window. But the little girl was afraid to go home without selling one box of matches, because her father would beat her.
“Ah, a burning match may warm me up!” she thought. She lit three matches. When the matches were burning, she saw a warm stove, a delicious roast goose and a beautiful Christmas tree. But all these disappeared when the flames went out. Then she lit a ____43____ (第四) match. A kind old woman was standing there.
“Grandmother!” cried the little girl, “Take me with you.” Her grandmother smiled and h____44____ the girl in her arms.
On the morning of the new year, the girl was lying a____45____ the wall, dead!
（2022·湖南衡阳）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
A new report predicts that by 2050, half of the world’s population (around 4.8 billion people) will be shortsighted. The medical name for this is myopia (近视). It is also ____46____ (call) nearsightedness.
____47____ we have myopia, we can’t see the things far away from us. It is true that more and more people have myopia. It’s a bad situation. According to the data released (发布) by the National Health Commission, China is a big country of myopia, and almost 90 percent ____48____ young Chinese people are near-sighted. Children aged between six and ten ____49____ have myopia are more likely to suffer from severe myopia in the future. Some experts make a prediction ____50____ (recent). In the opinion, there will be seven times more people with myopia in 2050 than there were in the year 2000.
The researchers say that the number of people with myopia will increase because of different reasons. Looking at computer screens and mobile phones may be the major reason. The increase may have something to do with lifestyle ____51____ (change). Now, people spend ____52____ (little) time outdoors than before. A science journalist says that ____53____ (spend) more time outdoors in early childhood can reduce the chances of getting myopia. A researcher once said. “You can spend time on computers and screens, ____54____ remember to spend two hours outdoors every day. That is ____55____ for your eyesight.”
（2021·湖南衡阳）根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。
Bicycle riding is good exercise. It helps people become f____56____. Bicycle riding can make the riders’ hearts and lungs strong. It is also good for the environment because bicycles do not cause ____57____ (污染).
Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks. Drivers do not always notice bicycles. So bicycle riders must p____58____ attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals. They must know and obey the safety r____59____ . They must wear helmets to protect their heads. If they ride at night, they should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes. In case of an accident, bicycle riders should know how to give first aid. If an injury is serious, they must call 120 for help. In a word, the best way to be safe is to be ___60____ (小心的).
参考答案：
Yes, I did
Never mind/It doesn’t matter/Not at all/It’s nothing
Who are they
How long have they been in space
What did they do there
【解析】
【导语】
本文是凯西询问迈克尔在家乡过得如何，二人还讨论了神舟十三号的三位宇航员的情况。
根据“Did you have a good time in your hometown ”和“I visited many good friends there.”可知，此处应进行肯定回答，故填Yes, I did。
根据“But I’m sorry I missed your birthday party on April 16th.”可知，此处应对对方的道歉表示谅解，故填Never mind/It doesn’t matter/Not at all/It’s nothing。
根据“They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.”可知，此处应询问三位宇航员都是谁，故填Who are they。
根据“They have been in space for 183 days.”可知，此处应询问三人在太空待了多久，故填How long have they been in space。
根据“They did lots of research there. They also had space-based lectures.”可知，此处应询问三人在太空做了什么，故填What did they do there。
Who’s your favorite scientist
Why/Why do you like him best/Why is he your favorite scientist
Is he great
I agree with you/So he is
What a pity
【解析】
【分析】
对话是李红和王林谈论他们最喜欢的中国科学家——袁隆平的内容。
根据“Li Hong and Wang Lin are asked to make a report about their favorite scientists in China”以及“Yuan Longping.”可知，此处应该是问最喜欢的科学家是谁，故填Who’s your favorite scientist。
根据“Because he helped to feed nearly...”可知，这里应该是问原因，为什么最喜欢的科学家是袁隆平，故填Why/Why do you like him best/Why is he your favorite scientist。
根据“Of course. Though he made great contributions to help feed the world, he lived a simple life.”可知，此处应该是问袁隆平是不是很伟大，故填Is he great。
根据“What a great scientist! We Chinese people are really proud of him.”可知，此处应该是说同意对方的评价，故填I agree with you/So he is。
根据“Unfortunately, we know he passed away on May 22nd, 2021.”可知，此处应该是对这个消息感到遗憾，故填What a pity。
May I help you / What can I do for you / What’s wrong
What should we do
We should open the window often and let the fresh air in.
Anything else
It’s very kind of you./You advice is very helpful.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇以新冠病毒为话题的对话，主要讲述了预防新冠病毒的建议。
根据答语“I' m worried, so I have some questions to ask you. ”，可知此处应是刘医生主动询问王女士遇到了什么问题或哪里不舒服，故答案为May I help you / What can I do for you / What’s wrong
根据下文的三条建议可知，此处应该是王女士询问避免新冠病毒的措施，故答案为What should we do
根据横线前后的first及third可知，此处应填避免新冠病毒的第二条措施，根据常识可知，开窗通风是避免新冠病毒的有效措施之一，故答案为We should open the window often and let the fresh air in.
根据下一句“We must keep away from crowded people. We'd better not go to public places.”，描述的仍然是询问避免新冠病毒的措施，所以此处应问“还有别的措施吗 ”，故答案为Anything else
根据Thank you，可知此处是王女士夸奖刘医生乐于助人或建议很有用，故答案为It’s very kind of you./You advice is very helpful.
dynasties
interested
math
It
between
calling
However
never
death
that##which
【解析】
【分析】
此文讲述了祖冲之是一个伟大的数学家，他从小就对数学有独特的天赋，以及他的生平介绍。
句意：他出生于南北朝时期。根据“Northern and Southern”可知，名词应该用复数形式，故填dynasties。
句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是对数学。此处是be interested in“对……感兴趣”，是固定短语，故填interested。
句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是对数学。根据“Zu was best known for his calculation(计算) of pi (π).”可知，他对数学尤其感兴趣，故填math。
句意：他花了很多时间计算出这个值。此处是固定句型It took sb some time to do sth，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式。故填It。
句意：他花了很多时间计算出这个值——介于3.1415926和3.1415927之间。结合“3.1415926 and 3.1415927”可知，此处指的是between“在……之间”，故填between。
句意：为了记住祖，一些数学家建议称π为“祖率”。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，故填calling。
句意：不过，当时的政府官员并不同意祖冲之的说法。空格前后表达的是转折关系，且空格后有逗号与后句隔开，应用however，故填However。
句意：这位伟大的数学家从未见过他的日历投入使用。根据“Almost ten years after his...the new calendar was finally accepted.”可知，此处说的是从未见日历被使用，故填never。
句意：在他去世近十年后，新日历终于被接受了。空格前有his修饰，空处用名词形式，故填death。
句意：他曾经做过一辆带指针的车。句子是定语从句，先行词是vehicle，指物，在从句中作主语，应用that/which，故填that/which。
leaves
June
most
western
are
which/that
walking
bright
only
lover
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了西湖一年四季的美景。
句意：春天，绿叶和鲜花使西湖更加美丽。
考查名词。根据生活常识和句意可知，绿叶应不止一片，所以应用leaf的复数形式leaves，故填leaves。
句意：夏季（六月至八月）是荷花盛开的季节。
考查名词。根据上文Spring ( from March to May)及下文Autumn( from September to November)，可知夏季应从六月到八月，June六月，故填June。
句意：“曲院风荷”是西湖最著名的景点之一。
考查形容词最高级的构成。one of + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数，意为“最……之一”，famous最高级为the most famous，故填most。
句意：它是湖西岸的一个地区。
考查形容词。这里要修饰名词bank，所以应用形容词形式，west西方，是名词，其形容词为western，故填western。
句意：每年夏天，这里都有数百种美丽的荷花，受到来自国内外数百万游客的喜爱。
考查主谓一致。there be句型的主语是hundreds of kinds of beautiful lotuses，为复数形式，因此谓语动词应使用复数形式are，故填are。
句意：每年夏天，这里都有数百种美丽的荷花，受到来自国内外数百万游客的喜爱。
考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知先行词为lotuses，表示物，在定语从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
句意：秋天，宜人的天气适合在湖边散步或划船。
考查动名词。介词for后应使用动名词walking，故填walking。
句意：西湖也是中秋节赏月的好去处。
考查形容词。根据常识可知，中秋节的月亮是明亮的，bright明亮的，为形容词，故填bright。
句意：这座桥不仅以雪景闻名，而且以其浪漫的故事而闻名。
考查连词的运用。not only…but also…为固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”，故填only。
句意：白素贞是在断桥上第一次见到她的爱人许仙。
考查名词。形容词性物主代词her修饰名词，love的名词形式为lover，故填lover。
offer
harmful
face
planters
believe
【解析】
【分析】
森林是地球的肺，对人类、动物和植物都是有益的，许多年轻的志愿者在假期种植新树，他们相信他们的小树将来会变成美丽的森林。
句意：在许多国家，例如新西兰，加拿大和巴西，森林被砍伐以提供木材建造房屋。
根据汉语提示以及句中“wood to”可知，此处使用动词offer，offer sth. to do sth.提供某物做某事；forests是主语，were cut down是谓语，此处动词不定式to offer作目的状语。故填offer。
句意：砍伐树木对人类、动物和植物都是有害的。
句中is是be动词，所以此处使用形容词；根据上文中“Forests are the lungs of the earth. Without them, it cannot breathe.”可知，森林是地球的肺，没有它们，地球就不能呼吸，也就是说森林对人类、动物和植物都是有益的，所以砍伐树木对人类、动物和植物都是有害的；harmful是形容词，意为“有害的”。故填harmful。
句意：这些年轻的男女在种植新树时面临许多困难。
根据句中“many difficulties”和下文中“The weather may be very hot and dry or may be very cold and wet.”可知，在他们种植新树的时候，天气可能非常炎热和干燥，也可能非常寒冷和潮湿，这些都是他们需要面对的困难；face是动词，意为“面对，面临”，根据句中plant可知，句中时态为一般现在时，主语是these young men and women，所以此处使用动词原形。故填face。
句意：树木种植者正改变着这个世界。
根据汉语提示可知，此处使用planter；planter是可数名词，根据句中are可知，此处应使用planter的复数形式。故填planters。
句意：他们相信50年后，他们的小树会变成美丽的森林。
根据句中“their little trees will become beautiful forests”并结合首字母可知，此处使用动词believe，意为“相信”，表示“他们相信50年后，他们的小树会变成美丽的森林”；根据上文中plant可知，时态为一般现在时，所以使用动词原形。故填believe。
(l)ast
coin
fourth
(h)eld
(a)gainst
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇小故事，主要讲述了《卖火柴的小女孩》的故事。
句意：这是一年的最后一个晚上，天又黑又下着雪。根据“On the morning of the new year”可知，第二天是新年，所以这是今年的最后一个晚上，last“最后的”符合语境，故填(l)ast。
句意：她没有卖掉一根火柴，也没有人给她一枚硬币。coin“硬币”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填coin。
句意：然后她点燃了第四根火柴。fourth“第四”，作定语修饰match，故填fourth。
句意：她的祖母微笑着把女孩抱在怀里。根据“Her grandmother smiled and h...the girl in her arms.”可知，祖母把女孩抱在怀里，hold“抱住”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(h)eld。
句意：新年的早晨，女孩靠墙躺着，死了！根据“the girl was lying a...the wall”可知，女孩靠墙躺着，against“靠着”符合语境，故填(a)gainst。
called
When
of
that##who
recently
changes
less
spending
but
good
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍现今中国近视的情况，并给出相关建议。
句意：它也被称为近视。主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态表示，动词用过去分词形式，故填called。
句意：当我们近视时，我们看不见远处的东西。根据“...we have myopia, we can’t see the things far away from us.”可知，当我们近视时，看不见远处的东西，用when引导时间状语从句，句首需大写首字母，故填When。
句意：根据国家卫生健康委员会发布的数据，中国是一个近视大国，近90%的中国年轻人近视。根据“and almost 90 percent...young Chinese people are near-sighted”可知，此处指90%，90 percent of...“90%的……”，故填of。
句意：6至10岁的近视儿童日后更有可能患上严重近视。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用that/who连接，故填that/who。
句意：最近一些专家做了一个预测。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填recently。
句意：这种增长可能与生活方式的改变有关。生活方式的改变不止一个，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填changes。
句意：现在，人们在户外的时间比以前少了。根据“than before”可知，此处应使用比较级，故填less。
句意：一位科学记者表示，儿童早期多在户外活动可以降低患近视的几率。此处在宾语从句中作主语，用动名词形式，故填spending。
句意：你可以花时间在电脑和屏幕上，但记住每天花两个小时在户外。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。
句意：这对你的视力有好处。根据“That is...for your eyesight.”和前文内容可知，每天花两个小时在户外对视力有好处，be good for“对……有好处”，故填good。
(f)it
pollution
(p)ay
(r)ules
careful
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了骑自行车是很好的锻炼，对身体对环境都有好处以及骑车时要注意的事项。
句意：它帮助人们变得健康。根据“Bicycle riding can make the riders’ hearts and lungs strong.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是fit“健康的”，是形容词，作表语，故填(f)it。
句意：这对环境也有好处，因为自行车不会造成污染。pollution“污染”，是名词，在句中作宾语，故填pollution。
句意：所以骑自行车的人必须注意周围的交通状况。根据“attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是pay attention to“注意”，是固定短语，故填(p)ay。
句意：他们必须知道并遵守安全规则。根据“They must know and obey the safety”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是rule“规则”，是名词，此处应用复数形式表示所有的交通规则，故填(r)ules。
句意：总之，最好的安全方法是小心。careful“小心”，是形容词，作表语，故填careful。

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