资源简介

北京师范大学附属实验中学
2021-2022 学年度第二学期
一卷（100 分）
一、完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early____1____of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to ____2____my parents.
At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with ____3____at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, “something else to ____4____!”Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.
At that age, I always did something____5____to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found____6____, I would plant a garden!
I planted some lily (百合花)seeds in the yard. But they failed to ____7____. I continued to sunflower seeds and roses. Wild ____8____joy, I found the first rose bloom (开花). One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off.____9____, I was touched by this land of wonder.
____10____, my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even____11____at me because he found it was ____12____to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s ____13____, I put her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds____14____flowers.
Regardless of their ____15____, I kept on planting my garden and ____16____to enjoy the pleasure gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they____17____to care and love.
It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to ____18____my parent. Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show which makes my parents feel very____19____. And now I could say it is my affection for____20____that makes me a real gardener.
1. A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design
2. A. please B. change C. help D. annoy
3. A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement
4. A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in
5. A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite
6. A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting
7. A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through
8. A. to B. with C. in D. by
9. A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually
10. A. Inetead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
11. A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped
12. A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyed D. dangerous
13. A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief
14. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
15. A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion
16. A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled
17. A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead
18. A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge
19. A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed
20. A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature
二、阅读理解
第一节（共 7 小题；每小题 2 分，共 14 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
City： Hangzhou
Launched： 2008
Size： 2，965 stations/ 69，750 bikes
Price： ﹩32.61 deposit（押金）+ time charge
While taking a look at this city， you may see the best bike sharing in the world． As the second on the planet by size， the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System is one of the most common and useful shares， largely because it's combined with public transportation： a single card can be used in subway， bus， taxi and bike sharing． Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about ﹩33）and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city． Each additional hour costs only ﹩0.15． It was also the first new﹣generation bike﹣sharing system in China． By 2020 it's projected to have 175，000 bikes．
City： Barcelona
Launched： 2007
Size： 420 stations/ 6，000 bikes
Price： ﹩61.93 per year
Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike﹣sharing business in a big way． This program took off like wildfire on wheels， and because four times bigger in one year． It inspired different copycat programs all over the country． Today， Spain has 132 bike﹣sharing systems． The program is one of the world's most respected and popular shares． But it is only open to residents and tourists are not allowed to use it．
City： Paris
Launched： 2007
Size： 1，751 stations/ 23，900 bikes
Price： ﹩38.52 per year/ ﹩2.26 per day
Paris's bike﹣sharing is the star of the world． Launched in 2007， it is the world's largest outside of China． Cheap by American standards， you can ride around Paris on a ?1.7 day pass﹣﹣﹣ the first half hour of each trip is free． Because this system covers the city with an average of 50 stations per square mile， it's a favourite with both locals and tourists．
21. What do we know about Barcelona's Bicycling Program？
A. It has driven the development of Spain's bike﹣sharing．
B. It has once been ruined by fire accidents
C. It is popular among travellers．
D. It consists of 175，000 bikes．
22. How much should you pay to ride a shared bike in Paris？
A. Nothing for an hour．
B. ﹩61.93 per year．
C. ﹩2.26 per day．
D. ﹩1.7 per day．
23. What do the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System and Paris's bike sharing have in common？
A. They are open to both locals and tourists．
B. The have the same amount of stations．
C. They were founded in the same year．
D. They require a deposit of over ﹩30．
B
Afroz Shah a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for court. His mission is to save the world’s oceans from plastic pollution.
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was upset to see how much it had changed. The sand was no longer visible because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it was plastic waste. The unsightly(难看的)mess Shah had stumbled upon is part of a global environmental crisis. It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
In October 2015, Shah began picking up trash from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began recruiting others to join in. Word spread and with the help from social media, more volunteers got involved. He’s now spent 209 weekends dedicated to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000 volunteers to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach clean-up. By October 2018, Versova Beach was finally clean and Shah’s clean-up expanded to another beach, as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India. So far, the movement has cleared more than 60 million pounds of garbage — mostly plastic waste — from Mumbai’s beaches and waterways.
While he continues to work as a lawyer during the week, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this cause. He also works with coastal communities to tackle plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking sufficient waste management systems, Shah and his volunteers educate and assist villagers in reducing, managing, and recycling their plastic waste.
24. What has kept Shah busy at weekends over the four years
A. Handling legal cases. B. Cleaning up the beach.
C. Swimming in the ocean. D. Fishing on the coast.
25. Why was Shah upset after moving to Versova Beach
A. The beach no longer existed.
B. The community was in a mess.
C. Many fish in the ocean were killed.
D. There was severe plastic pollution.
26. How did Shah carry out his mission
A. By raising money to recycle plastic waste.
B. By encouraging others to join his clean-up.
C. By appealing to people not to throw garbage.
D. By devoting all his time to collecting garbage.
27. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “tackle” in the last paragraph
A. Report. B. Predict. C. Deal with. D. Cover up.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Should Ecotourism Be Allowed
The image was shocking, and the response was entirely predictable. The photo of a polar bear lying lifeless on a beach — blood matting the fur of its neck, with one huge paw folded under its body — received immediate criticism globally. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a rifle hanging casually on his shoulder. ____28____ The reality, however, is considerably more complex.
This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Should we be in these environments at all Are there regions in the world where nature should be left completely untouched Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.
Before answering these questions, we should first consider the incident that has caught global attention. ____29____ I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand Were the clients themselves closely supervised to prevent one becoming isolated Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly These are standard measures for any respected operator. ____30____
Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. ___31___ This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. ____32____When ecotourism is conducted correctly, the benefits can be direct, immediate, positive and long-lasting.
A. For me, this has struck home (触及痛处、击中要害).
B. In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.
C. In doing so we are therefore assured of decreasing our impact on the delicate environment.
D. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.
E. The feeling was that of complete disregard (漠视) for the bear and the environment in which it lived.
F This is not something that is taken lightly.
G. The key is responsible engagement and further research before you book that trip.
三、选词填空 （共 8 小题；每小题 2 分，共 16 分）
用方框中单词和短语的正确形式填空，其中有一个是多余的。
shoot；pollute；survive；institute；view overcome；involve；cut back on；make a proposal
33. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius __________ in more than 80 countries.
34. Housework _________ cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.
35. It is reported that three innocent people _________ dead in the school shooting.
36. Her parents __________ with great sadness at the funeral.
37. Global warming is caused by the built-up of carbon dioxide and other _________in the atmosphere.
38. Our class came up with the idea to __________ the use of disposable plastic packaging and air conditioning.
39. Now the trees have a __________ rate of 85%.
40. Many television companies have used sports to attract _________.
四、语法填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
第一节 单句语法填空
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
41. You shouldn’t leave the tap ________ (run) while you brush your teeth every day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
42. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots ________ (establish). (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands– millions-of people, and this is _______ is going to change the world. (用适当的词填空)
44. Most people suffer _______ what is known as “Just-me-ism”. (用适当的词填空)
45. Humans have by now gone through three ________(industry) revolutions— discovery of steam power, the introduction of electricity and the invention of modern computers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46. With the average temperature going up by more than 1.5 degrees, there is solid evidence of ________ (globe) warming. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. The advantage of studying at home is: I don't have to catch public transport to school, _______ reduces the risk of infection. (用适当的词填空)
48. We can enjoy the contact with new and different cultures so as to increase our_______ (aware) of our own culture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world. （用单词适当形式填空）
50. Mike’s __________(absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第二节 段落语法填空
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases it is the term used for being ____51____ (environment) friendly. If you’ve been looking to replace your furniture, consider ____52____ (go) green because green furniture ____53____(offer) many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.
First green furniture isn’t harmful to your health. Also, its manufacturing process doesn’t cause damage ____54____the environment in any way. Besides, by using eco-friendly ____55____ (product), you prevent global warming to some degree in your own way.
The materials used in furniture are ____56____ make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are renewable resources ____57____ because they are all ____58____ (nature). A lack of chemicals in furniture also means it is a better ____59____ (choose) for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be _____60_____ green product but they really can be depending on what they’re made of.
Therefore when you want to hunt for the perfect green furniture you should choose the green materials.
二卷（50 分）
五、阅读理解（共 8 小题；每小题 3 分，共 24 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities(实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception (感知), attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
61. The underlined word “condition” in the first paragraph probably means ________.
A. advise B. instruct C. shape D. forbid
62. We can know from the passage that Mongolians probably emphasize ________.
A. cultural influences B. social behaviors
C. independent existence D. collective power
63. It can be inferred that a Korean studying in the US is likely to ________.
A. use a picture of his face on Facebook
B. adjust to American preferences quickly
C. change his profile photos from time to time
D. put up a photo of his apartment on Facebook
64. According to Dr. Huang, Facebook can help to ________.
A. make up a more extended social context
B. study the diversity of worldwide cultures
C. promote communication between east and west
D. combine different cultures from different aspects
D
Do you want to love what you do for a living Follow your passion. This piece of advice provides the foundation for modern thinking on career satisfaction. But this can be a problem.
I’ve spent the past several years researching and writing about the different strategies we use to seek happiness in our work. It became clear early in the process that the suggestion to evidence. However, it passionate about your complicated. “follow your passion” was flawed, for it lacks scientific doesn’t mean you should abandon the goal of feeling work. The reality emphasizes that the things are quite.
Passion is earned. Different people are looking for different things in their work, but generally, people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy, respect, competence, creativity, and a sense of impact. In other words, if you want to feel passionate about your livelihood, don’t seek the perfect job, but seek to get more of these features in the job you already have.
Passion is elusive (难捉摸的). Many people develop the rare and valuable skills leading to passion, but still end up unhappy in their work. The problem is that the features leading you to love your work are more likely to be useful to you than your organization. As you become increasingly “valuable”, for example, your boss might push you toward traditional promotions that come with more pay and more responsibility, as this is what is most useful to your company. However, you might find more passion by applying your value to gain autonomy in your schedule or project selection.
Passion is dangerous. I’ve watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hopping due to the “follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations. If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion, and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness, reality will always pale in comparison.
Work is hard. Not every day is fun. If you’re seeking a dream job you’ll end up frustrated, again and again. Don’t set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it. This path might be longer and more complicated than what most cheerful career guides might advocate, but it’s a path much more likely to lead you somewhere worth going.
65. People satisfied with their careers are _____.
A. autonomous and passionate B. creative and passionate
C. respectable and sensitive D. creative and competent
66. What is the author’s advice on achieving career satisfaction
A. Figuring out what one will do in the future.
B. Matching the pre-existing passion to one’s work.
C. Developing passion for what one is doing.
D. Discovering skills that lead to interesting careers.
67. The underlined sentence in Para.5 probably means that _____.
A. it’s not easy to match our passion with our jobs
B. we shouldn’t think everyone has a pre-existing passion
C. high expectations of passion in jobs bring disappointment
D. workplace happiness doesn’t require a pre-existing passion
68. What’s the author’s attitude towards the advice of “following your passion”
A. Neutral. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Supportive.
六、翻译句子。根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。（9-12 题每题 5 分，第 13 小题 6 分，共 26 分）
69. 政府何时会对水资源浪费采取行动？（take action）(汉译英)
70. 四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。(lay a … foundation) (汉译英)
71. 公司在放缓生产，以保持供需之间的平衡。(maintain a balance) (汉译英)
72. 她在去年2月有一个赢得比赛的微小机会。(a slim chance) (汉译英)
73. 2018 年以来，智能手机很受老年人欢迎。(popular with) (汉译英)北京师范大学附属实验中学
2021-2022 学年度第二学期
一卷（100 分）
一、完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early____1____of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to ____2____my parents.
At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with ____3____at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, “something else to ____4____!”Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.
At that age, I always did something____5____to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found____6____, I would plant a garden!
I planted some lily (百合花)seeds in the yard. But they failed to ____7____. I continued to sunflower seeds and roses. Wild ____8____joy, I found the first rose bloom (开花). One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off.____9____, I was touched by this land of wonder.
____10____, my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even____11____at me because he found it was ____12____to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s ____13____, I put her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds____14____flowers.
Regardless of their ____15____, I kept on planting my garden and ____16____to enjoy the pleasure gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they____17____to care and love.
It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to ____18____my parent. Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show which makes my parents feel very____19____. And now I could say it is my affection for____20____that makes me a real gardener.
1. A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design
2 A. please B. change C. help D. annoy
3. A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement
4. A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in
5. A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite
6. A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting
7. A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through
8. A. to B. with C. in D. by
9. A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually
10. A. Inetead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
11. A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped
12. A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyed D. dangerous
13. A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief
14. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
15. A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion
16. A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled
17. A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead
18. A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge
19. A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed
20. A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文属于记叙文，讲述作者成为一名园艺师是出于对大自然的热爱，但是最初开始做园艺并非如此，是为了与父母对着干，慢慢在接触园艺的过程中，逐渐热爱上这个活动，最终以此为职业，同时自己的成功也让父母为之自豪。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初学习园艺并不是源于对大自然的喜爱，而是为了使父母生气。A. memory记忆；B. dream梦想；C. intention企图，目的；D. design设计。根据后文“Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.”可知，作者父母不喜欢打理花园，觉得是浪费时间，因此作者就选择园艺作为自己的爱好，与父母对着干，这也是选园艺的目的，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析，句意：我最初学习园艺并不是源于对大自然的喜爱，而是为了使父母生气。A. please使高兴；B. change改变；C. help帮助；D. annoy使恼怒。根据后文“Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.”可知，作者父母不喜欢打理花园，觉得是浪费时间，因此作者就选择园艺作为自己的爱好，与父母对着干，让他们生气。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我们住的院子里有棵巨大的枫树，每次我母亲都用怀疑的眼神看着这大自然的杰作。A. doubt怀疑；B. appreciation欣赏；C. surprise惊讶；D. excitement兴奋。根据后文“Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish her,”作者父母亲把掉落的枫叶当作垃圾来处理，觉得是一个无尽的负担，因此可知，作者母亲不喜欢植物，母亲都用怀疑的眼神看着这大自然的杰作。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对她来说，这些金黄色的落叶就像是成吨的垃圾，“又有需要清理的东西了”，她自言自语道。A. collect up收集；B. care about关心；C. clean up清理；D. come in进入。根据前文“Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish her,”可知，作者父母亲把掉落的枫叶当作垃圾来处理，故选C。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个年龄，我总是做一些与父母对着干的事情。A. equal平等的；B. similar相似的；C. superior高级的；D. opposite相对的。根据后文“If gardening were something they found　　6　, I would plant a garden!”可知，作者学习园艺是为了激怒父母，作者做一些与父母爱好相反的事情。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果园艺对他们来说是件不舒服的事情，那么我就学习园艺。A. painful痛苦的；B. valuable有价值的；C. upsetting沮丧的，令人不快的；D. interesting有趣的。根据前文第二段可知，作者父母不喜欢园艺，作者总是与父母对着干，做他们不舒服的事情，故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最初我种了一些百合花种子，但是没有发芽。A. come up破土而出；B. break out爆发；C. hold on坚持；D. get through通过。根据前文“I planted some lily（百合花）seeds in the yard.”和本句but可知，百合花没有发芽。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：当玫瑰开出第一朵花的时候，我一阵狂喜。A. to 到，向；B. with带着，有；C. in在......里；D. by通过。根据后文“I found the first rose bloom（开花）.”可知，因为玫瑰开花了，所以作者很高兴， be wild with joy欣喜若狂，固定短语，故用with。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我被这片神奇土地所感动。A. Luckily 幸运地；B. Cheerfully高兴地；C. Regularly规则地；D. Eventually最终。根据前文，作者看见自己种的玫瑰发芽开花，然后又一朵一朵的凋谢，因而最终决定从事园艺，故选D。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的父母却对此没有丝毫兴趣。A. Instead替代；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Besides除此之外。根据前文可知，作者被神奇的土地感动，因而决心从事园艺，父母却没有兴趣，形成鲜明的对比，故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲甚至对我发怒，因为把花园搬到大道边很麻烦。A. shouted大声叫喊；B. laughed 嘲笑；C. glanced快速地看一眼；D. jumped跳。根据前文可知，作者的父母对园艺根本不感兴趣，对于作者搬迁花园的举动有怨言，故选A。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 我父亲甚至对我发怒，因为把花园搬到大道边很麻烦。A. convenient方便的；B. troublesome麻烦的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文可知，作者的父母对园艺根本不感兴趣，对于作者搬迁花园的举动觉得很麻烦，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我母亲不高兴的是，当我在她花瓶里种上真正的玫瑰时，在她看来，种的是种子而不是花。A. sadness伤心；B. displeasure不高兴；C. delight高兴；D. relief缓解。根据前文可知，作者父母都不喜欢园艺，因而对于作者的这一举动，母亲不高兴，故选B。
【14题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：让我母亲不高兴的是，当我在她花瓶里种上真正的玫瑰时，在她看来，种的是种子而不是花。A. other than除......之外；B. more than超过；C. rather than而不是；D. less than少于。根据文章可知，作者父母都不喜欢园艺，因而对于作者的这一举动，母亲不高兴，故不认可作者的举动，认为种的是种子而不是花。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我父母不喜欢，但是我依然坚持园艺，继续欣赏园艺带给我的快乐。A. dislike不喜欢；B. encouragement鼓励；C. threat威胁；D. suggestion建议。根据前文第二段“Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish her, ”和“Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father ever thought it a waste of time.”可知，作者父母不喜欢园艺，故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我父母不喜欢，但是我依然坚持园艺，继续欣赏园艺带给我的快乐。A. decided决定；B. stopped停止；C. continued继续；D. struggled挣扎。根据本句前文keep on可知，尽管父母不支持，但是仍然坚持下去，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：植物是如此好的伴侣，他们呼吸，开花，对关心和爱作出回应。A. devote奉献；B. turn转向；C. respond回应；D. lead带领。根据后文“care and love”可知，植物开花来对关心和爱作出回应。本句为短语respond to对…作出回应，故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于挑战我父母而做的第一个花园已经过去很多年了。A. defeat打败；B. satisfy使满意；C. respect尊敬；D. challenge挑战。根据前文第三段“At that age, I always did something　5　　to whatever my parents did!”可知，作者当时处于青春叛逆期，因而想要通过做父母不喜欢的事情来挑战父母的权威。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今我成为一名园艺专家，教人园艺，主持园艺节目，这让我父母感到很骄傲。A. proud骄傲的；B. comfortable不舒服的；C. strange奇怪的；D. disappointed失望的。根据文章“Today I become known as Mrs. Green thumbs”可知，作者成为园艺专家，事业有成，因此父母感到骄傲，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在可以说是对大自然的爱让我成为一名真正的园艺工作者。A. freedom自由；B. life生命；C. growth成长；D. nature自然。根据前文“My early　　　　1　　　　of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. ”可知，作者现在喜欢园艺是因为喜欢大自然，故选D。
二、阅读理解
第一节（共 7 小题；每小题 2 分，共 14 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
City： Hangzhou
Launched： 2008
Size： 2，965 stations/ 69，750 bikes
Price： ﹩32.61 deposit（押金）+ time charge
While taking a look at this city， you may see the best bike sharing in the world． As the second on the planet by size， the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System is one of the most common and useful shares， largely because it's combined with public transportation： a single card can be used in subway， bus， taxi and bike sharing． Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about ﹩33）and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city． Each additional hour costs only ﹩0.15． It was also the first new﹣generation bike﹣sharing system in China． By 2020 it's projected to have 175，000 bikes．
City： Barcelona
Launched： 2007
Size： 420 stations/ 6，000 bikes
Price： ﹩61.93 per year
Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike﹣sharing business in a big way． This program took off like wildfire on wheels， and because four times bigger in one year． It inspired different copycat programs all over the country． Today， Spain has 132 bike﹣sharing systems． The program is one of the world's most respected and popular shares． But it is only open to residents and tourists are not allowed to use it．
City： Paris
Launched： 2007
Size： 1，751 stations/ 23，900 bikes
Price： ﹩38.52 per year/ ﹩2.26 per day
Paris's bike﹣sharing is the star of the world． Launched in 2007， it is the world's largest outside of China． Cheap by American standards， you can ride around Paris on a ?1.7 day pass﹣﹣﹣ the first half hour of each trip is free． Because this system covers the city with an average of 50 stations per square mile， it's a favourite with both locals and tourists．
21. What do we know about Barcelona's Bicycling Program？
A. It has driven the development of Spain's bike﹣sharing．
B. It has once been ruined by fire accidents
C. It is popular among travellers．
D. It consists of 175，000 bikes．
22. How much should you pay to ride a shared bike in Paris？
A. Nothing for an hour．
B. ﹩61.93 per year．
C. ﹩2.26 per day．
D. ﹩1.7 per day．
23 What do the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System and Paris's bike sharing have in common？
A. They are open to both locals and tourists．
B. The have the same amount of stations．
C. They were founded in the same year．
D. They require a deposit of over ﹩30．
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Hangzhou，Barcelona， Paris三个城市的共享单车系统，其规模，收费情况和使用情况等等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据City： Barcelona中的第一句Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike﹣sharing business in a big way可知Barcelona's Bicycling项目极大的开发了西班牙共享单车生意。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据 City： Paris中的价格Price： ﹩38.52 per year/ ﹩2.26 per day可知，巴黎的共享单车收费每天2.26元。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据City： Hangzhou中的第三句 Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about ﹩33）and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city；以及City： Paris部分中的最后一句 it's a favourite with both locals and tourists可知Hangzhou Public Bicycle System 和 Paris's bike sharing都对本地居民和外来游客开放。故选A。
B
Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for court. His mission is to save the world’s oceans from plastic pollution.
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was upset to see how much it had changed. The sand was no longer visible because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it was plastic waste. The unsightly(难看的)mess Shah had stumbled upon is part of a global environmental crisis. It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
In October 2015, Shah began picking up trash from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began recruiting others to join in. Word spread and with the help from social media, more volunteers got involved. He’s now spent 209 weekends dedicated to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000 volunteers to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach clean-up. By October 2018, Versova Beach was finally clean and Shah’s clean-up expanded to another beach, as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India. So far, the movement has cleared more than 60 million pounds of garbage — mostly plastic waste — from Mumbai’s beaches and waterways.
While he continues to work as a lawyer during the week, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this cause. He also works with coastal communities to tackle plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking sufficient waste management systems, Shah and his volunteers educate and assist villagers in reducing, managing, and recycling their plastic waste.
24. What has kept Shah busy at weekends over the four years
A. Handling legal cases. B. Cleaning up the beach.
C. Swimming in the ocean. D. Fishing on the coast.
25. Why was Shah upset after moving to Versova Beach
A. The beach no longer existed.
B. The community was in a mess.
C. Many fish in the ocean were killed.
D. There was severe plastic pollution.
26. How did Shah carry out his mission
A. By raising money to recycle plastic waste.
B. By encouraging others to join his clean-up.
C. By appealing to people not to throw garbage.
D. By devoting all his time to collecting garbage.
27. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “tackle” in the last paragraph
A. Report. B. Predict. C. Deal with. D. Cover up.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孟买的一名名叫Afroz Shah的律师，从2015年开始每个周末在海滩清理垃圾，并影响了周围的人共同参与这一活动。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“His mission is to save the world’s oceans from plastic pollution.(他的使命是拯救世界海洋免受塑料污染。)”以及第三段“In October 2015, Shah began picking up trash from the beach every Sunday morning.(从2015年10月起，Shah开始每周日早上在海滩上捡垃圾。)”可知，Shah周末在忙着清理沙滩。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The sand was no longer visible because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it was plastic waste.(沙子已经看不见了，因为上面覆盖着一层超过5英尺厚的垃圾，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。)”可推断，Shah感到不安的原因是看到沙滩上都是塑料污染。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In October 2015, Shah began picking up trash from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began recruiting others to join in. Word spread and with the help from social media, more volunteers got involved. He’s now spent 209 weekends dedicated to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000 volunteers to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach clean-up.(从2015年10月起，Shah开始每周日早上在海滩上捡垃圾。起初，只有他和一个邻居，后来他开始招募其他人加入。消息传开了，在社交媒体的帮助下，更多的志愿者参与了进来。他现在已经花了209个周末来完成这项任务，激励了20多万名志愿者加入他的行列，这被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动。)”可推断，Shah通过自身的行动来激励人们参加这一清理沙滩行动。故选B。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In areas lacking sufficient waste management systems, Shah and his volunteers educate and assist villagers in reducing, managing, and recycling their plastic waste.(在缺乏足够废物管理系统的地区，Shah和他的志愿者教育和帮助村民减少、管理和回收塑料垃圾。)”可知，Shah是想解决塑料污染问题。所以 tackle为“解决、处理”之意。故选C。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Should Ecotourism Be Allowed
The image was shocking, and the response was entirely predictable. The photo of a polar bear lying lifeless on a beach — blood matting the fur of its neck, with one huge paw folded under its body — received immediate criticism globally. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a rifle hanging casually on his shoulder. ____28____ The reality, however, is considerably more complex.
This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Should we be in these environments at all Are there regions in the world where nature should be left completely untouched Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.
Before answering these questions, we should first consider the incident that has caught global attention. ____29____ I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand Were the clients themselves closely supervised to prevent one becoming isolated Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly These are standard measures for any respected operator. ____30____
Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. ___31___ This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. ____32____When ecotourism is conducted correctly, the benefits can be direct, immediate, positive and long-lasting.
A. For me, this has struck home (触及痛处、击中要害).
B. In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.
C. In doing so we are therefore assured of decreasing our impact on the delicate environment.
D. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.
E. The feeling was that of complete disregard (漠视) for the bear and the environment in which it lived.
F. This is not something that is taken lightly.
G. The key is responsible engagement and further research before you book that trip.
【答案】28. E 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要就“应该允许生态旅游吗”这件事情展开了讨论。
【28题详解】
空格前说“The photo of a polar bear lying lifeless on a beach — blood matting the fur of its neck, with one huge paw folded under its body — received immediate criticism globally. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a rifle hanging casually on his shoulder.(一张北极熊躺在沙滩上的照片——鲜血覆盖了它脖子上的毛，一只巨大的爪子折叠在身体下面——立即受到了全球的批评。岸上，在背景中，站着三个守卫，正在互相交谈。其中一个肩上随意挂着一支步枪。)”，这是在描述一张照片，空格处应对此照片进行评论，E选项“The feeling was that of complete disregard (漠视) for the bear and the environment in which it lived.(这种感觉是完全无视熊和它生活的环境。)”是对照片的评论，说明了照片反应出来的问题，因此E选项承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【29题详解】
空前说“Before answering these questions, we should first consider the incident that has caught global attention.(在回答这些问题之前，我们应该首先考虑这个引起全球关注的事件。)”，空格后说“I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot.(我最近刚从斯瓦尔巴群岛旅行回来，事实上，两周前我就站在了熊被射杀的海滩上。)”，空格处应引出下文作者本身的经历，A选项“For me, this has struck home.(对我来说，这已经触及痛处。)”说明了前面描述的事件给作者的感觉，引出了后文作者讲的自己的经历，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
【30题详解】
空前说“The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand Were the clients themselves closely supervised to prevent one becoming isolated Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly These are standard measures for any respected operator.(熊的死本不应该发生。海岸附近的船只事先检查过海滩吗？客户本身是否受到严密监督，以防止被孤立？有办法用信号弹吓跑突然出现的熊吗？这些是任何受尊敬的操作者的标准措施。)”，D选项“The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure.(这起事件很可能是严重的系统性失误造成的。)”中的“The incident”指代上文的“The bear’s death”，是对熊死亡的原因所做的推测，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【31题详解】
空前说“Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism.(然而，这一事件不应否定生态旅游的价值。)”，空格处应对“生态旅游”的价值进行说明，B选项“In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.(在最好的情况下，这种旅行对所处的环境几乎没有影响，或者确实有积极的影响。)”说明了生态旅游的好处和价值，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【32题详解】
空前说“Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer.(生态旅游是一个不断扩大的市场，它给世界各地的生态旅游地区带来了好处，也带来了挑战。简单地封锁这些地区并不是解决问题的办法。)”，空格处应说明解决问题的真正办法是什么，G选项“The key is responsible engagement and further research before you book that trip.(关键在于负责任的参与和预订旅行前的进一步研究。)”说明了解决问题的真正的关键在于要负责任和进行旅行前的研究，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
三、选词填空 （共 8 小题；每小题 2 分，共 16 分）
用方框中单词和短语的正确形式填空，其中有一个是多余的。
shoot；pollute；survive；institute；view overcome；involve；cut back on；make a proposal
33. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius __________ in more than 80 countries.
34. Housework _________ cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.
35. It is reported that three innocent people _________ dead in the school shooting.
36. Her parents __________ with great sadness at the funeral.
37. Global warming is caused by the built-up of carbon dioxide and other _________in the atmosphere.
38. Our class came up with the idea to __________ the use of disposable plastic packaging and air conditioning.
39. Now the trees have a __________ rate of 85%.
40. Many television companies have used sports to attract _________.
【答案】33. Institutes
34. involves
35. were shot
36. were overcome
37. pollutants
38. cut back on
39. survival
40. viewers
【解析】
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：近年来，中国政府在80多个国家设立了孔子学院。分析句意可知，此处考查的是专有名词 Confucius Institute意为“孔子学院”，其中institute是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式，又其是专有名词，首字母需大写。故填Institutes。
【34题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：家务包括做饭、洗碗、扫地和清洁。分析句意可知，此处应该用involve意为“包含”做谓语，本句陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是Housework ，是第三人称单数。故填involves。
【35题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：据报道，有三名无辜的人在校园枪击案中被枪杀。根据后文的“school shooting”可知是有三名无辜的人被射击，所以应先shoot，在从句中做谓语，它与主语three people之间是被动关系且是复数，事前发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。故填were shot。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：她的父母在葬礼上悲痛欲绝。分析句子句意可知，此处考查的是固定短语搭配be overcome with意为“为…所压倒/制服”，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，主语是parents，为复数，be动词用were。故填were overcome。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：全球变暖是由大气中二氧化碳和其他污染物的积累造成的。分析句子句意可知，此处应填pollute的名词pollutant意为“污染物”，是可数名词，又因空前是other，后接可数名词复数。故填pollutants
【38题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我们班提出了减少使用一次性塑料包装和空调的想法。分析句子句意可知，此处应选cut back on意为“缩减; 减少”，又因空前是to，分析可知是不定式的标志，所以cut用原形。故填cut back on。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在这些树的成活率达到了85%。分析句子句意可知，此处应用survive的名词形式survival ，survival rate意为“存活率”。故填survival
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多电视公司利用体育运动来吸引观众。分析句子句意可知，此处应用view的名词，viewer意为“观众”符合句意，viewer是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式泛指。故填viewers。
四、语法填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
第一节 单句语法填空
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
41. You shouldn’t leave the tap ________ (run) while you brush your teeth every day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】running
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：你每天刷牙的时候不应该让水龙头开着。句子表示“你每天刷牙的时候不应该让水龙头开着”，leave sb. doing意为“让某人一直做”，因此空格处是running，作宾语补足语，故填running。
42. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots ________ (establish). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was established
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动，“根与芽”成立了。Roots & Shoots是被成立，句子用被动语态，且是过去被成立的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Roots & Shoots是一个组织，是单数，因此空格处是was established。故填was established。
43. It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands– millions-of people, and this is _______ is going to change the world. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：通过共同行动，以这种令人兴奋的方式，我们可以让成千上万的人参与进来，这将改变世界。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“这件事将改变世界”，因此空格处用what，故填what。
44. Most people suffer _______ what is known as “Just-me-ism”. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】
【详解】考查介词：句意：大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。suffer from是固定短语，意为“患……病，遭受”，故填from。
45. Humans have by now gone through three ________(industry) revolutions— discovery of steam power, the introduction of electricity and the invention of modern computers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】industrial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，人类已经经历了三次工业革命——蒸汽动力的发现、电力的引入和现代计算机的发明。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词revolutions，industry的形容词是industrial，意为“工业的”，故填industrial。
46. With the average temperature going up by more than 1.5 degrees, there is solid evidence of ________ (globe) warming. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】global
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着平均气温上升超过1.5度，有确凿的证据表明全球变暖。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词of，后应加名词，空后已有名词warming，所以空处应填形容词修饰名词。故填global。
47. The advantage of studying at home is: I don't have to catch public transport to school, _______ reduces the risk of infection. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在家学习的好处是:不用乘坐公共交通工具上学，减少了感染的风险。分析句子结构，reduce用的是第三人称单数形式，可推断空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，应该用which代指前句，reduce用第三人称单数形式。故填which。
48. We can enjoy the contact with new and different cultures so as to increase our_______ (aware) of our own culture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以享受与新的以及不同的文化的接触，从而增加我们对自己的文化的意识。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词our，所以空处应填名词作宾语。故填awareness。
49. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】have been produced
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，世界各地制作了成千上万的电影。根据时间状语In the last few years 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，因为电影是被制作，所以空处需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是复数thousands of films，所以空处助动词需用have。故填have been produced。
50. Mike’s __________(absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：迈克开车时心不在焉，差点出车祸。Mike’s后跟名词，absent的名词是absence，absence of mind意为“心不在焉”，故填absence。
第二节 段落语法填空
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases it is the term used for being ____51____ (environment) friendly. If you’ve been looking to replace your furniture, consider ____52____ (go) green because green furniture ____53____(offer) many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.
First, green furniture isn’t harmful to your health. Also, its manufacturing process doesn’t cause damage ____54____the environment in any way. Besides, by using eco-friendly ____55____ (product), you prevent global warming to some degree in your own way.
The materials used in furniture are ____56____ make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are renewable resources ____57____ because they are all ____58____ (nature). A lack of chemicals in furniture also means it is a better ____59____ (choose) for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be _____60_____ green product but they really can be depending on what they’re made of.
Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect green furniture you should choose the green materials.
【答案】51. environmentally
52. going 53. offers 54. to
55. products
56. what 57. or
58. natural
59. choice 60. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在换家具时，要选择对生态环境友好的家具，这有利于保护环境。
【51题详解】
考查副词。句意：在某些情况下，它是用于环境友好的术语。空格处用副词environmentally修饰形容词friendly，environmentally friendly意为“对生态环境无害的”，故填environmentally。
【52题详解】
考查动名词。句意：如果你一直在寻找更换家具的方法，考虑使用绿色家具，因为绿色家具有很多好处。consider doing是固定短语，意为“考虑做某事”，空格处用动名词going作宾语，故填going。
【53题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你一直在寻找更换家具的方法，考虑使用绿色家具，因为绿色家具有很多好处。空格处作because引导的原因状语从句中的谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语furniture是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数offers。故填offers。
【54题详解】
考查介词。句意：此外，它的制造过程不会以任何方式对环境造成破坏。cause damage to是固定短语，意为“对……造成损坏”，故填to。
【55题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：此外，通过使用环保产品，你可以在一定程度上防止全球变暖。product是可数名词，此处表示不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填products。
【56题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：家具使用的材料使它们变得环保。分析可知，空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“家具使用的材料使它们变得环保”，因此空格处是what，故填what。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：材料对环境有好处，要么是因为它们是可再生资源，要么是因为它们都是天然的。either...or...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，因此空格处是or，故填or。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：材料对环境有好处，要么是因为它们是可再生资源，要么是因为它们都是天然的。空格处用形容词natural作表语，意为“天然的”，故填natural。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：家具中缺乏化学物质也意味着它对环境来说是一个更好的选择。better是形容词，修饰名词，choose的名词是choice，意为“选择”，是可数名词，前面有a，空格处用单数，故填choice。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：也许很难想象沙发或桌子真的是绿色产品，但它们确实取决于它们是由什么制成的。product是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，green是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
二卷（50 分）
五、阅读理解（共 8 小题；每小题 3 分，共 24 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities(实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception (感知), attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
61. The underlined word “condition” in the first paragraph probably means ________.
A. advise B. instruct C. shape D. forbid
62. We can know from the passage that Mongolians probably emphasize ________.
A. cultural influences B. social behaviors
C. independent existence D. collective power
63. It can be inferred that a Korean studying in the US is likely to ________.
A. use a picture of his face on Facebook
B. adjust to American preferences quickly
C. change his profile photos from time to time
D. put up a photo of his apartment on Facebook
64. According to Dr. Huang, Facebook can help to ________.
A. make up a more extended social context
B. study the diversity of worldwide cultures
C. promote communication between east and west
D. combine different cultures from different aspects
【答案】61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
【61题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词后半句“whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.(而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”并结合上下文可知，作者主要想传达文化传统等对人思维的影响，所以西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体。所以condition为“塑造”之意。故选C。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Western cultures, for example, shape people to think of themselves as highly independent entities, whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence. (例如，西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立个体，而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”可知，蒙古人属于东亚文化，应该强调集体主义。故选D。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. (在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都显示出一种倾向，即根据所在国的总体喜好调整自己的头像。)”并结合第一段讲的“西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体”可推断，在美国留学的韩国人很有可能在Facebook上使用自己的照片。故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”(“Facebook构成了一个扩展的社会背景，在这个背景下，个人资料反映了不同的个人特征、私人思想和社会行为，”黄指出。“因此，这项研究提出了一种新的方法，通过使用Facebook作为数据收集平台，来调查跨文化的认知和行为。”)”可推断，黄博士认为Facebook可以帮助研究世界文化的多样性。故选B。
D
Do you want to love what you do for a living Follow your passion. This piece of advice provides the foundation for modern thinking on career satisfaction. But this can be a problem.
I’ve spent the past several years researching and writing about the different strategies we use to seek happiness in our work. It became clear early in the process that the suggestion to evidence. However, it passionate about your complicated. “follow your passion” was flawed, for it lacks scientific doesn’t mean you should abandon the goal of feeling work. The reality emphasizes that the things are quite.
Passion is earned. Different people are looking for different things in their work, but generally, people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy, respect, competence, creativity, and a sense of impact. In other words, if you want to feel passionate about your livelihood, don’t seek the perfect job, but seek to get more of these features in the job you already have.
Passion is elusive (难捉摸的). Many people develop the rare and valuable skills leading to passion, but still end up unhappy in their work. The problem is that the features leading you to love your work are more likely to be useful to you than your organization. As you become increasingly “valuable”, for example, your boss might push you toward traditional promotions that come with more pay and more responsibility, as this is what is most useful to your company. However, you might find more passion by applying your value to gain autonomy in your schedule or project selection.
Passion is dangerous. I’ve watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hopping due to the “follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations. If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion, and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness, reality will always pale in comparison.
Work is hard. Not every day is fun. If you’re seeking a dream job, you’ll end up frustrated, again and again. Don’t set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it. This path might be longer and more complicated than what most cheerful career guides might advocate, but it’s a path much more likely to lead you somewhere worth going.
65. People satisfied with their careers are _____.
A. autonomous and passionate B. creative and passionate
C. respectable and sensitive D. creative and competent
66. What is the author’s advice on achieving career satisfaction
A. Figuring out what one will do in the future.
B. Matching the pre-existing passion to one’s work.
C. Developing passion for what one is doing.
D. Discovering skills that lead to interesting careers.
67 The underlined sentence in Para.5 probably means that _____.
A. it’s not easy to match our passion with our jobs
B. we shouldn’t think everyone has a pre-existing passion
C. high expectations of passion in jobs bring disappointment
D. workplace happiness doesn’t require a pre-existing passion
68. What’s the author’s attitude towards the advice of “following your passion”
A. Neutral. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Supportive.
【答案】65. D 66. C 67. C 68. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是工作中常听到的“Follow your passion”这句话的不合理之处。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy, respect, competence, creativity, and a sense of impact.(拥有令人满意的职业的人享受以下特征的组合：自主权、尊重、能力、创造力和影响力。)”可知，对自己的事业满意的人是有创造力和能力的。故选D。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Don’t set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it.(不要去发现激情。相反，开始培养它。)”可知，作者对实现职业满意度的建议是培养对所做事情的热情。故选C。
【67题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Passion is dangerous. I’ve watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hopping due to the “follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations.(激情是危险的。我看到太多的同龄人因为“追随你的激情”的建议而陷入焦虑和长期跳槽。问题在于期望。)”和“If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion, and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness, reality will always pale in comparison.(如果你相信我们每个人都有一种预先存在的激情，并且将其与工作相匹配将会立即带来工作场所的快乐，那么相比之下，现实总是苍白的。)”可知，第5段中划线的句子可能意思是对工作激情的过高期望会带来失望，故选C。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“But this can be a problem.(但这可能是个问题。)”和倒数第二段的“Passion is dangerous. I’ve watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hopping due to the “follow your passion” advice.(激情是危险的。我看到太多的同龄人因为“追随你的激情”的建议而陷入焦虑和长期跳槽。)”可知，作者对“追随你的热情”这条建议的态度是不赞成的，故选B。
六、翻译句子。根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。（9-12 题每题 5 分，第 13 小题 6 分，共 26 分）
69. 政府何时会对水资源浪费采取行动？（take action）(汉译英)
【答案】When will the government take action against water waste
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。此处为特殊疑问句，主语为the government；表示“对水资源浪费采取行动”翻译为take action against water waste。句子为一般将来时。故翻译为When will the government take action against water waste
70. 四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。(lay a … foundation) (汉译英)
【答案】Four years of college life laid a solid foundation for his work.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和短语。事情已发生，谓语动词用lay a … foundation（打下基础）时态用一般过去时，形容词solid （坚实的）做定语，修饰foundation，“四年的大学生活”翻译为Four years of college life做主语 ，“为他的工作”翻译为for his work做状语。故翻译为：Four years of college life laid a solid foundation for his work.
71. 公司在放缓生产，以保持供需之间的平衡。(maintain a balance) (汉译英)
【答案】The company is slowing production to maintain a balance between supply and demand.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时态和动词短语。分析汉语句子可知，英语句子的基本结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”。主语“公司”用名词“the company”表达；谓语“在放缓”用动词“slow”表达，结合语境，用现在进行时，主语“the company”为第三人称单数，谓语用单数，即，“is slowing”；宾语“生产”用名词“production”表达，不可数名词；“以保持供需之间的平衡”为目的状语，用动词不定式表达，其中“保持……之间的平衡”用动词短语“maintain a balance between…”表达，“供需”用名词短语“supply and demand”表达。故翻译为：The company is slowing production to maintain a balance between supply and demand.
72. 她在去年2月有一个赢得比赛的微小机会。(a slim chance) (汉译英)
【答案】She had a slim chance of winning the competition last February.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、形容词、动词的时态。表示“去年2月”应用last February；表示“微小”应用形容词slim；表示“有一个……的微小机会”应用短语have a slim chance of doing sth.；表示“赢得比赛”应用win the competition。根据句子的时间状语可知，这里应用一般过去时态。故答案为：She had a slim chance of winning the competition last February.
73. 2018 年以来，智能手机很受老年人欢迎。(popular with) (汉译英)
【答案】Smartphones have become very popular among the elderly since 2018.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。“2018 年以来”是since 2018，因此句子时态用现在完成时，“智能手机”是smartphone，需用复数，“很受某人欢迎”是固定短语have become very popular among sb.，“老年人”是the elderly，因此整句话翻译为“Smartphones have become very popular among the elderly since 2018”。故答案为Smartphones have become very popular among the elderly since 2018.

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