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“There be句型”详解
There be 句型
1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
e.g. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
　　
1）.There be句型与have的区别
　　首先，从含义上说，There be表达的是“某地有某物”。
　　如，There is a tree in front of the house。房子前有一棵树。
　　而have讲的是“某人/某物拥有……”即指出的是宾语的所有者。
　　如：I have an interesting book。我有一本有趣的书。
　　The chair has three legs。这把椅子有三条腿。
　　其次，从直观上对比不难发现，一般There be句型直接置于句首，而have前面要有主语。这是因为There be句型是一个倒装句型，主语在be动词后。
　　
2.）There be句型的就近原则
　　There be句型的就近原则也是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。
　　如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk。
　　在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。
　　
3）.There be句型的否定和疑问
　　There be句型的疑问句是把题目中具体的be动词形式提前，否定是在be动词后加not。但是一般后面的名词前有a或any，那么此时not any或not a可以转化为no。
　　如：There isn’t a book in the bag.=There is no book in the bag。
　　关于There be句型的反意疑问句需要特殊说明的是，后面的疑问部分要用使用句型原貌，不能将there改成it或其他代词。
　　如：There was a meeting yesterday, wasn’t there 不能写成wasn’t it。
　　
4）.There be句型的时态
　　There be句型的时态根据时间状语和就近原则分别为：
　　一般现在时There is/are
　　一般过去时There was/were
　　一般将来时There is going to be/There will be
　　还有There used to be；There must/may/can be等形式。其中，一般将来时的形式在初中考试中常出现。
　　如：There _____ a basketball match tomorrow。
　　A.is going to have　　B.are going to have　　C.is going to be　D.are going to be
　　由于就近原则我们当然选单数，排除B、D，由于题目横线前已表明There，所以选C。
　　
5.）There be句型中的动词
　　There be句型中的动词根据需要，有时可以用lie/stand/live/enter/happen/remain/seem to be等代替be动词。如：
　　There stands a tree in front of the house。
　　Long long ago,There lived an old man. He was very poor。
　　
6.There is+no+名词……句型
　　如：There is no need to tell him the news. He has known it。
　　常用句型有There is no need to do something。做某事没有必要。
　　There is no sense in doing something。做某事没有意义。
There is no point in doing something。做某事没有意义或没用。
练习：
根据所给汉语完成句子。
1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture.
3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it
5. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.
6. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
答案：1. is 2. is 3. There are 4. Is there 5. are classes 6. are no/not
选择填空：
1. Are there any maps on the wall ___
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are.
2. How many ____ are there in the picture A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk
3. There aren’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one. A. any B. some C. many D. much
4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
5. Are there ___ houses near the river Yes, there are ____ .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
答案： 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B
句型转换：
1. There is a woman near the house.（变复数）
There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）
3. There are some apples in the tree.（变一般问句）
4. There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）
5. Is there a baby in the room （变复数）
6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问)
___ ___ in the garden
7. There is a bookcase in my study. （变一般问句）
_____ _____ _____ _____ in your study
8. There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor. (就划线部分提问)
_____ ____ on the floor
9. My new dress is in the wardrobe. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _______ your new dress
答案：1. There are women near the house.
2.There is a bus near the hill.
3. Are there any apples in the tree
4. There are not any oranges in the glass.
5.Are there babies in the room
6.What are
7. Is there any books
8. What is 9 . Where is
四、汉译英。
1.房子前面有一辆小汽车。
2.我能为你做点什么吗？
3.你们班有多少学生？
4.桌子上放着什么？
5.你的包里有多少钱？
答案：1.There is a car in front of the house.
What can I do for you
How many students are there in your class
What’s on the table
How much money is there in your wallet

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