资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023高考3+1
专题4 三年高考英语阅读理解议论文&夹叙夹议文（原卷版）
【2022高考甲卷】D
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
13. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
14. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
15. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【2021全国甲卷D】
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club - women, or people of a different color or belief - they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They’re strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【2021天津卷B】
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.
D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【2021天津卷D】
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world
C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist
【2020北京卷D】
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage
A. It may be only a dream. B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans. D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【2020天津卷D】
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good A first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
51. The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
A. the turning point in our history B. the present state of our nation
C. the location of our homeland D. the total area of our country
52. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life
A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.
B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.
C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.
D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.
53. What can be concluded from Para.4
A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
54. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________.
A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.
C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.
D. studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.
55. What could be the best title for the passage
A. How to Build Cultural Identity B. Why Studying History Matters
C. Know the Past, Know the Present D. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons
【2020·全国新课标III D】
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.335
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Pleasure from working in the library. B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories. D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
34．What does the author call on other writers to do
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young D．My Love of the Library
【2020江苏卷D】
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too ” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though How ignorant (无知的) are we The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful
A. He learned more about the local language. B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing. D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon
A. The question was too straightforward. B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer. D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles
A. To sort out what we have known. B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist. D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently. B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists. D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Possible and the Impossible . B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized . D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
2022各省市高考模拟试题演练
【2022届山西太原高三英语押宝题】B
A situation in which the student is troubled by his parents pressuring him to go into a job area that makes good money but he doesn’t want to go into that career area, is bad. The question is whether he should go into this job or not.
To start out, you need to go for what is best for YOU even if there would be some negative consequences. You can't be happy unless you make decisions that are right for you. If you do not make your own decisions and make decisions that will benefit you, your life would be a big lie to yourself.
Living a lie would not be a very good life. The truth is much better than living a lie or some fantasy world. If your whole life is a lie, then it is not a very beautiful life at all. In the song Lyin’Eyes, the woman is living a lie by pretending she loves this old man, when in reality" she is just in it for the money. As a result, her life is miserable and a big lie.
And finally, money can not buy happiness. A good example of this is from the song Lyin’ Eyes. The only reason the woman married the old man is for the money and gifts she would receive. This results in her life being not at all happy. This just goes to show that no matter how much money you have your life still might not be happy. It takes a lot more than a bunch of green paper to make your life a good one
In conclusion, doing what you want is best. If you don’t do what you want to, you won’t be happy with your life and your career.
24. What is the passage mainly about
A. There is something more important than money in life
B. Young people should make their own career decisions
C. Parents should not pressure their children to live a lie
D. Young people are happy to make their own decisions
25. What does The song Lyin’ Eyes tell people to do
A. to do what they are interested in B. to be a responsible citizen
C. to live a simple life D. to face negative consequences
26. What can we infer about the woman in the song
A. She lived a happy life B. She had a happy marriage
C. She married a rich man D. She often lied to others
27. Which of the following is NOT used to support the writer’s conclusion
A. You should make your own decisions. B. Living a lie would not be good.
C. Wealth doesn’t mean happiness. D. It’s wise to do what you want.
【2022届四川省成都市第七中学高考热身考试】C
A city in South Korea, which has the world’s largest number of people using smartphones, has placed flashing lights and laser beams at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents.
The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians glued to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some of the highest road death and injury rates among developed countries. State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) believes its system of flashing lights at zebra crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers.
In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic.
“Increasing number of smombie accidents have occurred in pedestrian crossings, so these zombie lights are essential to prevent these pedestrian accidents,” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon. Drivers are warned by the flashing lights, which have shown to be effective 83.4 percent of the time in the institute’s tests involving about 1,000 vehicles.
In 2017, more than 1,600 pedestrians were killed in auto related accidents, which is about 40 percent of total traffic deaths, according to data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System. For now, the smombie warning system is placed only in Ilsan, a suburban city about 30 km northwest of the capital, Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the institute.
Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town,” she said.
8. What do the underlined words “smartphone zombies” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Drivers driving after drunk. B. Pedestrians buried in their phones.
C. Passengers crazy about phones. D. Policemen in charge of traffic.
9. What do we know about the warning system
A. It has reduced death rate by 83.4%. B. It has been spread nationwide.
C. It gives a warning to the smartphones. D. It is being tried out in many places.
10. What was the residents’ attitude to the traffic system
A. Negative. B. Unconcerned.
C. Disapproving. D. Favorable.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. South Korea Warns Smartphone Zombies of Traffic
B. Flashing Lights Are Used to Prevent Accidents
C. Smartphone Zombies Are Causing Traffic Accidents
D. South Korea Uses a New Traffic System
【2022届山东省高三5月大联考】B
On many days I admit that I feel depressed, days when it seems that the efforts, the struggles, and the sacrifices of so many people fighting for social and environmental justice, fighting prejudice and racism, are fighting a losing battle.
But without hope, all is lost. It is a crucial survival character that has supported our species from the time of our Stone Age ancestors. Certainly, my own improbable journey would have been impossible if I had lacked hope.
Like all people who live long enough, I have been through many dark periods and seen so much suffering. I was in New York on that terrible day in 2001. I still can remember the disbelief, the fear, the confusion as the city went quiet except the whistles of the police cars and ambulances on the streets emptied of people.
It was ten years after that day that I was introduced to the Survivor Tree, a Callery pear tree discovered a month after the collapse of the towers. All that was left was half a trunk that had been burned black, with roots that were broken and only one living branch.
She was almost sent to the dump, but the young woman who found her, Rebecca Clough, begged that the tree be given a chance. And so she went to be cared for in a nursery in the Bronx. Bringing that seriously damaged tree back to health was not an easy task, and it was touch-and-go for a while. But whenever you give her a chance, nature returns. Eventually the tree made it. In the spring, her branches are bright with blossoms. I’ve seen people looking at her and wiping away tears. She is a symbol of the resilience (适应力) of nature — and a reminder of all that was lost on that terrible day 20 years ago.
The Survivor Tree, brought back from the dead, had not only put out new leaves herself but also nurtured (养育) the lives of others. Now do you understand how I dare hope
4. What can we know about the author
A. She wanted to fight for justice. B. She once lost hope in her journey.
C. She felt hopeful despite many difficulties. D. She planned to remove prejudice and racism.
5. Which of the following can best describe the author’s feeling on the terrible day in 2001
A. Scared and annoyed. B. Frightened and shocked.
C. Thrilled and desperate. D. Disappointed and puzzled.
6. What happened to the Survivor Tree after the towers fell down
A. The tree was slightly damaged. B. The tree nearly got abandoned.
C. The tree was destroyed on the spot. D. The tree got nothing but a trunk left.
7. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To call on people to protect nature.
B. To show the great strength of a tree.
C. To expect people to care for damaged trees.
D. To share the author’s reasons to keep optimistic.
【2022届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学第五次模拟】C
We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO),more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.
Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What’s going on
We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.
In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.
Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has become a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body conscious country.
We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.
Others blame good food. They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American style fast food.
Some also blame their parents—their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.
It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say—not as I do.
8. What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence
A. The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.
B. Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.
C. WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.
D. Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.
9. Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight
A. A lot of effective diet pills are available.
B. Body image has nothing to do with good food.
C. They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
D. There are too many overweight people in the world.
10. The example of Finland is used to illustrate ________.
A. the cause of heart disease B. the fashion of body shaping
C. the effectiveness of a campaign D. the history of a body conscious country
11. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Actions or Excuses B. Overweight or Underweight
C. WHO in a Dilemma D. No Longer Dying of Hunger
【2022届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学考前测试卷】C
The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the CEO, even when other managers have had doubts The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.
In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various races. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the status of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
8. Why is The story of the emperor’s new clothes mentioned
A. To confirm its popularity. B. To argue for children’s wisdom.
C. To make fun of the adults. D. To indicate the importance of speaking up.
9. Which of the following makes an effective team
A. People with the same cognitive origin.
B. People with more races and gender.
C. People with various academic backgrounds.
D. People following their leaders unconditionally.
10. Why does a team with a junior manager tend to succeed
A. It encourages members to compete. B. It creates a relaxing atmosphere.
C. It allows members to voice opinions. D. It thinks little of social ranks.
11. What do we know about “psychological safety”
A. It is a term invented by Mr. Syed. B. It contributes to diversity thinking.
C. It is a secret weapon of the Google. D. It is a project done at the Rotterdam.
【2022届重庆市高三第十次质量检测】D
In his 1939 essay Selfishness and Self-Lone, Erich Fromm, a world-famous psychologist declared that “modern culture teaches that to be selfish is evil and that to love others is virtuous.” In his essay, Fromm argues that such a teaching could make people feel guilty to show themselves healthy self-love, which he defines as the respect for one’s own happiness, growth, and freedom.
Fromm argues that selfishness, an interest only in oneself, is actually the opposite of self-love, which means the ability to give with pleasure and also to respect the needs of others. To Fromm, love is an attitude whether it is directed outward or inward. In contrast, Fromm argued that selfishness is a kind of greediness “which exhausts the person in an endless effort to satisfy his own needs without ever reaching satisfaction”.
Inspired by Fromm’s essay, Abraham Maslow wrote an essay in which he distinguished “healthy selfishness” from unhealthy selfishness. Maslow argued that “we must not assume that selfish or unselfish behavior is either good or bad. It may be true that at certain times, selfish behavior is good, but at other times, it is bad. It is also the case concerning unselfish behavior.” Maslow goes on to state that what appears to be unselfish behavior may come out of selfish motivations. Maslow stressed that it is sometimes necessary to teach people at certain times to engage in a “healthfully selfish manner”—to have a healthy respect for one’s self coming out of inner riches.
A recent analysis of literature found that people who care about the welfare of others experience greater relationship well-being. However, such relationship well-being is maximized when people are not neglecting themselves in their care for others. Therefore, although the benefits of caring about others’ welfare have been well-documented, the role of healthy selfishness in contributing to relationship well-being may have been ignored.
12. To Fromm, modern culture teaches that people should .
A. feel ashamed to be selfish B. be punished if they’re selfish
C. be forbidden to talk about selfishness D. feel guilty if they don’t love themselves
13. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed
A. By listing figures. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By providing examples. D. By comparing definitions.
14. Which of the following statements may Maslow agree with
A. Selfish behavior is bad all the time.
B. Unselfish behavior should be valued more.
C. Rich people have a healthy respect for one’s self.
D. Selfish motivations may lead to unselfish behavior.
15. What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A. Our welfare is only based on our care for others.
B. People should care about themselves more than others.
C. People who care about others don’t care about themselves.
D. Healthy selfishness can contribute to our relationship well-being.
【2022届江苏省扬州中学高三考前调研测试】D
Critics who don’t themselves make music “SHOULD BE UNEMPLOYED”, the American singer Lizzo tweeted to her 222,000 followers this week. The star was reacting angrily to an unfavorable review of her new album Cuz I Love You.
Lizzo was wrong about this. Publishers, studios and artists have always been publicists (推介者) as well as creators. Independent voices offer a crucial counterweight. Critics help people determine which music, TV, books and plays to spend their time and money on, and to make the most of those choices. The Internet has made it easier to sample culture, while social media has vastly increased the range of word of mouth. But in this digital age, the critics’ role has become more important.
Judgments, whether of opera or soap opera, are subjective. What is considered beautiful or interesting depends on perspective. But knowledge and experience matter. A person who has been reading poetry for decades, or has seen a play many times, will be able to tell you things about a new poem or performance that others can’t—even, sometimes, their creators.
Disagreement is healthy. Artists are free to disagree with critics, just as other critics are. The Internet was supposed to make this whole process more democratic (民主的) and open, since it could publish far more opinions than the printed pages of old. The wisdom of the crowd, in all its diversity, would enhance that of the traditional gatekeepers.
This partly worked. It is much easier to access a range of views than it used to be. Lively arguments about talked-about shows can quickly spread. But social media also provides a platform for performers to reveal their sensitivity, or for armies of fans to attack anyone who dares to dislike a favored star.
The evil critic, motivated by envy of creativity, is an overused term to flatter (奉承) artists. True, reviewers can be mean. Criticism is the exercise of judgment, and this applies to what is said but also how and to whom; as a rule, novices (新手) should be treated more gently. Yet performers and others who hate unpleasant words should be careful what they wish for. Critics are part of the proof that culture matters.
32. Why do critics understand a poem better than their creators
A. Because they understand readers’ tastes better. B. Because they are more experienced in poetry.
C. Because they draw on various online opinions. D. Because they dare to disagree with artists.
33. In which way does the Internet benefit critics
A. It makes their judgements more objective. B. It conveys their opinions to more people.
C. It provides different opinions for reference. D. It helps them sense the artists’ sensitivity.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the Internet publishing more opinions
A. Favorable. B. Unclear. C. Cautious. D. Intolerant.
35. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A. The term “evil critic” should be abandoned. B. Critics should be more gentle in their reviews.
C. New critics should be careful with their words. D. Artists should accept unfavorable reviews.
【2022届吉林省长春市高三质量监测（五）】B
Growing up, I never wore makeup and I was always more afraid of the mirror than anything else. I hadn’t thought makeup was meant for me, a disabled woman, until I saw Ulta’s new advertisement: a huge full-color photo of a model in a wheelchair.
The world of fashion and beauty is rarely related to disabilities, and even though Hollywood has made steps toward greater inclusion and clothing brand Aerie has featured women with disabilities in their advertisements, seeing disabilities in the mainstream is definitely unusual. The reason why these things make headlines is that they’re so rare.
I learned from a very young age that because of my disability, I would never be connected with beauty or charm. I’d spent so long feeling separated from so many parts of society, but Ulta is sending a powerful message with a single photo: It’s time to challenge conventional beauty standards because beauty comes in all forms.
We all want to feel included. When it comes to disabilities, it is so important, especially for children and teens with disabilities. I was well into my 30s when I rolled into a makeup store for the first time. I had no idea what I was doing and felt like entering a new world without a map; I felt like I was out of place, as if I was peeking (偷看；窥视) at a club without being invited. Imagine how my experience would have been different if I had seen a model in a wheelchair, smiling, as if to say, “Welcome. Yes, you belong!”
That message of inclusion was loud and clear for Maren Anderson, a 4-year-old girl who has a rare genetic disease and just started using a wheelchair. The moment she spotted the advertisement was caught on camera by her mom Carolyn Anderson, and quickly spread last month on Facebook. “It’s just really saying that she feels included, and she feels like she identifies with that, and belongs here just like everybody else. So, thank you, Ulta,” said Carolyn Anderson.
24. What can be learned from paragraph 2
A. There will be more products for the disabled.
B. Aerie is the author’s favorite clothing brand.
C. Hollywood works with Ulta to help the disabled.
D. It’s hard for the public to associate beauty with disabilities.
25. What does the author think of Ulta’s new advertisement
A. It creates a new trend in the fashion world.
B. It makes society offer more jobs to the disabled.
C. It helps make the disabled feel confident and involved.
D. It breaks the barrier between the disabled and the able-bodied.
26. How did the author feel when she first stepped into the makeup store
A. Nervous and embarrassed. B. Sad and guilty.
C. Excited and proud. D. Bored and disappointed.
27. Why is Maren Anderson’s photo mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To expose the condition of the disabled. B. To show the effect of Ulta’s advertisement.
C. To emphasize the sense of belonging. D. To explore the contemporary beauty standards.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023高考3+1
专题4 三年高考英语阅读理解议论文&夹叙夹议文（解析版）
【2022高考甲卷】D
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
13. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
14. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
15. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. A
【语篇大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
12.C考查主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
13.D考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
14.A考查推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
15.A考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
【2021全国甲卷D】
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club - women, or people of a different color or belief - they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They’re strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【语篇大意】本文是议论文。文章以“谁是天才”为开端，论述天才的实质，批驳天才种族论和性别论，得出“不拘一格降天才”的结论。
12.A考查推理判断题。根据第三段句子“It's said that history is written by the victors, and those
victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by
geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others.”可知，据说历史是由胜利者书写的，胜利者制定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。当俱乐部外的天才——妇女，或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认和拒绝。再根据第四段句子“Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.”可知，我们的星球能承受得起任何伟大的思想家变得泄气和放弃吗？不需要天才就能知道答案：绝对不是。由此推断作者认为胜利者制定的加入天才俱乐部的标准不公正。故选A。
13.D考查细节理解题。根据第四段中句子“A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别） are "really, really smart". Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.””可知，《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说，自己的性别成员“真的，真的很聪明”。更糟的是，研究发现，女孩们的行为是基于这样一种信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是为那些“真的，真的很聪明”的孩子们准备的活动。由此推知，女孩们更容易受到社会观念的影响。故选D。
14.A考查细节理解题。根据最后一段句子“In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素）like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. ”可知，在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里，我们都能看到天才的闪光，无论它们出现在哪里。我们看得越多，就越会发现，性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。由此得知，全球通讯的发展让我们熟知更多的天才。故选A。
15.B考查主旨大意题/文章标题。文章开头讨论谁是天才，像爱因斯坦等，在科学和艺术领域，那些被誉为天才的人往往是欧洲的白人也许这并不奇怪。据说历史是由胜利者书写的，胜利者制定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。但接下来，作者认为，当俱乐部外的天才——妇女，或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认或被拒绝，这是不对的。文章最后引用一位作家的话，未来的天才来自那些有“智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界的人”。故选B。
【2021天津卷B】
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.
D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【答案】40．B 41．A 42．C 43．A 44．C
【语篇大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
40．B考查细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
41．A考查细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.(就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
42．C考查推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.( Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
43．A考查词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
44．C考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
【2021天津卷D】
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world
C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．D 55．A
【语篇大意】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51．A考查推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
52．C考查细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53．D考查细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54．D考查推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
55．A考查主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
【2020北京卷D】
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage
A. It may be only a dream. B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans. D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
42.D考查词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D。
43.A考查细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A。
44.B考查推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为Irving Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapproving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B。
45.A考查推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A。
【2020天津卷D】
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good A first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
51. The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
A. the turning point in our history B. the present state of our nation
C. the location of our homeland D. the total area of our country
52. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life
A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.
B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.
C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.
D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.
53. What can be concluded from Para.4
A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
54. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________.
A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.
C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.
D. studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.
55. What could be the best title for the passage
A. How to Build Cultural Identity B. Why Studying History Matters
C. Know the Past, Know the Present D. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons
【答案】51. B 52. A 53. D 54. D 55. B
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
51．B考查猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
52．A考查细节理解题。根据第三段According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。
53．D考查推理判断题。根据第四段中It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures和History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。
54．D考查推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 History can inspire us to learn more:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。
55．B考查主旨大意题。根据第一段If you're studying history, asking yourself the question" why is history important" is a very good first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying History Matters 能概括全文内容。故选B。
【2020·全国新课标III D】
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.335
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Pleasure from working in the library. B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories. D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
34．What does the author call on other writers to do
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young D．My Love of the Library
【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．C考查推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33．B考查词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34．C考查细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35．D考查主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
【2020江苏卷D】
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too ” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though How ignorant (无知的) are we The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful
A. He learned more about the local language. B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing. D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon
A. The question was too straightforward. B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer. D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles
A. To sort out what we have known. B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist. D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently. B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists. D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Possible and the Impossible . B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized . D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65．A考查推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66．C考查细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67．B考查推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68．A考查推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69．D考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70．B考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
2022各省市高考模拟试题演练
【2022届山西太原高三英语押宝题】B
A situation in which the student is troubled by his parents pressuring him to go into a job area that makes good money but he doesn’t want to go into that career area, is bad. The question is whether he should go into this job or not.
To start out, you need to go for what is best for YOU even if there would be some negative consequences. You can't be happy unless you make decisions that are right for you. If you do not make your own decisions and make decisions that will benefit you, your life would be a big lie to yourself.
Living a lie would not be a very good life. The truth is much better than living a lie or some fantasy world. If your whole life is a lie, then it is not a very beautiful life at all. In the song Lyin’Eyes, the woman is living a lie by pretending she loves this old man, when in reality" she is just in it for the money. As a result, her life is miserable and a big lie.
And finally, money can not buy happiness. A good example of this is from the song Lyin’ Eyes. The only reason the woman married the old man is for the money and gifts she would receive. This results in her life being not at all happy. This just goes to show that no matter how much money you have your life still might not be happy. It takes a lot more than a bunch of green paper to make your life a good one
In conclusion, doing what you want is best. If you don’t do what you want to, you won’t be happy with your life and your career.
24. What is the passage mainly about
A. There is something more important than money in life
B. Young people should make their own career decisions
C. Parents should not pressure their children to live a lie
D. Young people are happy to make their own decisions
25. What does The song Lyin’ Eyes tell people to do
A. to do what they are interested in B. to be a responsible citizen
C. to live a simple life D. to face negative consequences
26. What can we infer about the woman in the song
A. She lived a happy life B. She had a happy marriage
C. She married a rich man D. She often lied to others
27. Which of the following is NOT used to support the writer’s conclusion
A. You should make your own decisions. B. Living a lie would not be good.
C. Wealth doesn’t mean happiness. D. It’s wise to do what you want.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D
【语篇大意】本文是议论文。作者从3个方面论述了面对父母的压力，学生们应该做出自己的职业选择，选择他们将来想要从事的工作。
24.考查主旨大意题。由第一段最后一句“The question is whether he should go into this job or not.”(问题是他是否应该从事这项工作。)可知，本文在讲做出其中一种选择的理由。接下来3段作者分别阐述了自己的理由，最后一段“In conclusion, doing what you want is best. If you don’t do what you want to, you won’t be happy with your life and your career.”(总之，做你想做的是最好的。如果你不做你想做的事，你就不会对你的生活和事业感到满意。)得出结论：最好去做你自己想做的事情，即按自己的意愿选择自己的职业。故选B。
25.考查推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“The song Lyin’ Eyes”可将答案定位到第三段。根据第三段中“Living a lie would not be a very good life. The truth is much better than living a lie or some fantasy world.”(生活在谎言中不会是一种很好的生活。真相比生活在谎言或幻想的世界要好得多。)可知，这首歌曲的教育意义在于告诉人们不要欺骗自己，做自己乐意做的事，要过真实而快乐的生活。故选A。
26.考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The only reason the woman married the old man is for the money and gifts she would receive.”(女人嫁给老人的唯一原因是她会收到钱和礼物。)可知，歌曲中的女主角仅仅为了金钱、财富而跟一个老头结婚，说明这个老头很富有。故选C。
27.考查细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you do not make your own decisions and make decisions that will benefit you, your life would be a big lie to yourself.”(如果你不自己做决定，而是做对你有利的决定，你的生活就是对你自己的一个大谎言。)可知应该做决定，与A对应；根据第三段中“Living a lie would not be a very good life. The truth is much better than living a lie or some fantasy world.”(生活在谎言中不会是一种很好的生活。真相比生活在谎言或幻想的世界要好得多。)可知，生活在谎言中是不好的与B选项对应；根据第四段中“And finally, money can not buy happiness.”(最后，金钱买不到幸福。)可知，财富并不意味着幸福，与C选项相对应。因此只有D选项是作者未提及到来支持自己的观点。故选D。
【2022届四川省成都市第七中学高考热身考试】C
A city in South Korea, which has the world’s largest number of people using smartphones, has placed flashing lights and laser beams at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents.
The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians glued to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some of the highest road death and injury rates among developed countries. State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) believes its system of flashing lights at zebra crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers.
In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic.
“Increasing number of smombie accidents have occurred in pedestrian crossings, so these zombie lights are essential to prevent these pedestrian accidents,” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon. Drivers are warned by the flashing lights, which have shown to be effective 83.4 percent of the time in the institute’s tests involving about 1,000 vehicles.
In 2017, more than 1,600 pedestrians were killed in auto related accidents, which is about 40 percent of total traffic deaths, according to data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System. For now, the smombie warning system is placed only in Ilsan, a suburban city about 30 km northwest of the capital, Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the institute.
Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town,” she said.
8. What do the underlined words “smartphone zombies” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Drivers driving after drunk. B. Pedestrians buried in their phones.
C. Passengers crazy about phones. D. Policemen in charge of traffic.
9. What do we know about the warning system
A. It has reduced death rate by 83.4%. B. It has been spread nationwide.
C. It gives a warning to the smartphones. D. It is being tried out in many places.
10. What was the residents’ attitude to the traffic system
A. Negative. B. Unconcerned.
C. Disapproving. D. Favorable.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. South Korea Warns Smartphone Zombies of Traffic
B. Flashing Lights Are Used to Prevent Accidents
C. Smartphone Zombies Are Causing Traffic Accidents
D. South Korea Uses a New Traffic System
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
【语篇大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了一款安装于韩国城市的手机警告系统。警告那些在繁忙交通路段沉迷于手机的行人。以及行人对这个警告系统的看法。
8.词义猜测题。根据1段中的内容：在十字路口安装闪灯以及镭射光束来提醒沉迷于手机的行人抬头看路和司机减速。同时在文章第2段中提到“more pedestrians glued to their phones”可知，很多行人沉迷于手机。故选B项。
9.考查细节理解题。根据第3段中的“In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic”可知，应用程序向手机发送的警告，告诉它们它们即将驶入车流。故选C项。
故选C项。
10.考查推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system”可知，Kim Dan-hee对这个系统表示欢迎。故选D项。
11.考查主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，在韩国忙碌的路口安装了一个针对行人使用手机的警告系统。故选A项。
【2022届山东省高三5月大联考】B
On many days I admit that I feel depressed, days when it seems that the efforts, the struggles, and the sacrifices of so many people fighting for social and environmental justice, fighting prejudice and racism, are fighting a losing battle.
But without hope, all is lost. It is a crucial survival character that has supported our species from the time of our Stone Age ancestors. Certainly, my own improbable journey would have been impossible if I had lacked hope.
Like all people who live long enough, I have been through many dark periods and seen so much suffering. I was in New York on that terrible day in 2001. I still can remember the disbelief, the fear, the confusion as the city went quiet except the whistles of the police cars and ambulances on the streets emptied of people.
It was ten years after that day that I was introduced to the Survivor Tree, a Callery pear tree discovered a month after the collapse of the towers. All that was left was half a trunk that had been burned black, with roots that were broken and only one living branch.
She was almost sent to the dump, but the young woman who found her, Rebecca Clough, begged that the tree be given a chance. And so she went to be cared for in a nursery in the Bronx. Bringing that seriously damaged tree back to health was not an easy task, and it was touch-and-go for a while. But whenever you give her a chance, nature returns. Eventually the tree made it. In the spring, her branches are bright with blossoms. I’ve seen people looking at her and wiping away tears. She is a symbol of the resilience (适应力) of nature — and a reminder of all that was lost on that terrible day 20 years ago.
The Survivor Tree, brought back from the dead, had not only put out new leaves herself but also nurtured (养育) the lives of others. Now do you understand how I dare hope
4. What can we know about the author
A. She wanted to fight for justice. B. She once lost hope in her journey.
C. She felt hopeful despite many difficulties. D. She planned to remove prejudice and racism.
5. Which of the following can best describe the author’s feeling on the terrible day in 2001
A. Scared and annoyed. B. Frightened and shocked.
C. Thrilled and desperate. D. Disappointed and puzzled.
6. What happened to the Survivor Tree after the towers fell down
A. The tree was slightly damaged. B. The tree nearly got abandoned.
C. The tree was destroyed on the spot. D. The tree got nothing but a trunk left.
7. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To call on people to protect nature.
B. To show the great strength of a tree.
C. To expect people to care for damaged trees.
D. To share the author’s reasons to keep optimistic.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D
【语篇大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己虽然经历重重困难，但仍然充满希望，作者分享了自己的经历和保持乐观的原因。
4.考查细节理解题。根据第一段“Certainly, my own improbable journey would have been impossible if I had lacked hope. (当然，如果我缺乏希望，我自己这段看似不可能的旅程也不可能实现)”以及最后一段“Now do you understand how I dare hope (现在你明白我怎么敢这么希望了吧？)”可知，尽管困难重重，她仍然充满希望。故选C。
5.考查推理判断题。根据第三段“I was in New York on that terrible day in 2001. I still can remember the disbelief, the fear, the confusion as the city went quiet except the whistles of the police cars and ambulances on the streets emptied of people. (2001年那可怕的一天，我在纽约。我还记得当时的怀疑、恐惧和混乱，整个城市变得安静下来，只有警车和救护车的哨声在无人的街道上响起)”可知，最能描述作者在2001年那可怕的一天的感觉是害怕和震惊。故选B。
6.考查细节理解题。根据第五段“She was almost sent to the dump, but the young woman who found her, Rebecca Clough, begged that the tree be given a chance. (她差点被扔进垃圾堆，但发现她的年轻女子丽贝卡·克拉夫恳求给这棵树一个机会)”可知，双子塔倒塌后，幸存者之树几乎被遗弃了。故选B。
7.考查推理判断题。根据第二段“Certainly, my own improbable journey would have been impossible if I had lacked hope. (当然，如果我缺乏希望，我自己这段看似不可能的旅程也不可能实现。像所有活得够久的人一样，我也经历了许多黑暗时期，目睹了许多苦难)”以及最后一段“Now do you understand how I dare hope (现在你明白我怎么敢这么希望了吧？)”可知，本文写作目的是分享作者保持乐观的理由。故选D。
【2022届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学第五次模拟】C
We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO),more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.
Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What’s going on
We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.
In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.
Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has become a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body conscious country.
We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.
Others blame good food. They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American style fast food.
Some also blame their parents—their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.
It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say—not as I do.
8. What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence
A. The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.
B. Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.
C. WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.
D. Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.
9. Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight
A. A lot of effective diet pills are available.
B. Body image has nothing to do with good food.
C. They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
D. There are too many overweight people in the world.
10. The example of Finland is used to illustrate ________.
A. the cause of heart disease B. the fashion of body shaping
C. the effectiveness of a campaign D. the history of a body conscious country
11. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Actions or Excuses B. Overweight or Underweight
C. WHO in a Dilemma D. No Longer Dying of Hunger
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
【语篇大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了肥胖现在成了一个社会问题，给人们带来很多严重危害。但人们总是用各种借口来抱怨使自己肥胖的外部因素，而不去下决心解决肥胖问题。
8.考查推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句话“…more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.(……现在死于超重，或者说死于极度肥胖的人比死于体重不足的人要多。如今，更有可能杀死我们的是美好的生活。)”可知，第一句话中提到的“奇怪”的一点是，美好的生活比糟糕的生活更危险。故选A。
9.考查细节理解题。根据第三段“We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001(我们真的没有太多的借口来解释体重问题。自2001年以来，公共卫生运动一直在向我们灌输这个问题的危险性)”可知，作者认为人们没有理由肥胖，因为他们已经知道肥胖的危险了。故选C。
10.考查推理判断题。根据第三段“A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.( 在过去30年里，一项公共卫生运动使心脏病死亡人数大大减少了80%)”可知，作者提到芬兰是想证明这个活动的有效。故选C。
11.考查主旨大意题。文章讲述了肥胖现在成了一个社会问题，给人们带来很多严重危害。但人们总是用各种借口来抱怨使自己肥胖的外部因素，而不去下决心解决肥胖问题。所以文章最好的题目应该是：“行动或借口”。故选A。
【2022届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学考前测试卷】C
The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the CEO, even when other managers have had doubts The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.
In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various races. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the status of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
8. Why is The story of the emperor’s new clothes mentioned
A. To confirm its popularity. B. To argue for children’s wisdom.
C. To make fun of the adults. D. To indicate the importance of speaking up.
9. Which of the following makes an effective team
A. People with the same cognitive origin.
B. People with more races and gender.
C. People with various academic backgrounds.
D. People following their leaders unconditionally.
10. Why does a team with a junior manager tend to succeed
A. It encourages members to compete. B. It creates a relaxing atmosphere.
C. It allows members to voice opinions. D. It thinks little of social ranks.
11. What do we know about “psychological safety”
A. It is a term invented by Mr. Syed. B. It contributes to diversity thinking.
C. It is a secret weapon of the Google. D. It is a project done at the Rotterdam.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B
【语篇大意】本文是一篇

展开更多......

收起↑