资源简介 (共24张PPT)英语语法专题(一)----名词content名词定义巩固练习名词分类当堂复习目 录名词定义名词定义名词,是词类的一种,属于实词。它表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。它分为专有名词和普通名词。名词分类名词分类专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称,如Shanghai,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:pen,store等。名词分类可数名词:可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算。不可数名词:不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算。专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词(Countable Nouns)1. 个体名词(Individual Nouns): 指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。Eg: animals; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg: an hour; fairy tales; a day2. 集体名词(Collective Nouns): 表示若干个个体组成的集合体集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。His family _____ not large. (be)Cf: His family ______ all music lovers. (be)在一些情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。Eg: The audience was (were) excited by the show.isare3. 物质名词(Material Nouns): 指无法分为个体的物质。Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; fur一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况:1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg: Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份)Three beers, please. (三杯)It was a special tea. (一种)2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg: rains (雨季)sands (沙滩)snows (积雪)waters(海域)…4.抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Eg: education; love; policy; trust; nature; fashion; relief; silence; truth,etc.多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。Eg: He’s learning French for fun.I wish you good luck.抽象名词转化为可数名词。Failure is the mother of success.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.(成功者,失败者,可数)名词的数可数名词有单、复数之分。不可数名词一般没有单复数之分。可数名词情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音+y结尾的词以辅音+o 结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses;watches;dishesladies;countries;heroes; tomatoeshalves; leaves;有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:可数名词复数的规则变化:不规则复数:1.manmenEg: woman– women; chairman-chairmen2.ooeeEg:foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese3.+enEg:child-children; ox-oxen4.ouseiceEg: mouse-mice; louse-lice(虱子)有些外来词的不规则复数形式:Eg: analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crisescriterion-criteria; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media不可数名词不可数名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但可以用some,a little,much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式,一般使用的量词短语a(或an) /little/bit/piece......如:some water,a little milk ,much food,a piece of bread,some glasses of water名词的格所有格的形式:1. 一般的名词所有格在后面加 ’s,如:Mary’s book2.以 –s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加 ’,如:Teachers’ Day, the students’ reading-room3.以 –s 结尾的专有名词所有格,如:Engels’s works 或Engels’ works名词的格4.’s 结尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的东西的名词。但有时其它的名词也可以,如:today’s newspaper, fifteen minutes’ ride等与时间有关的名词。5.凡不能加 ’s 构成所有格的名词,都可以与 of 结成短语,来表示所有格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此,特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时。如:Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate 巩固练习巩固练习 (D) 1. Apple is a () word. A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters(A) 2. All the() in the hospital got a rise yesterday. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor (D) 3. After ten years, all those youngsters became() . A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups (B) 4. The police investigated the () about the bank robbery. A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-by(C) 5. She used to have three () . A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend 巩固练习(C) 6. ---- Who did you spend last weekend with ---- _______ .A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s(A) 7. My parents always let me have my own_______ of living.A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion(D) 8. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _______ of courage and power.example B. sign C. mark D. symbol(D) 9. The village is far away from here indeed.It‘s _____ walk. A . a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours’(C) 10. I have read the material several times butit doesn't make any ________ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance当堂复习名词(英语:noun,缩写n.),是词类的一种,属于实词。它表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。它分为专有名词和普通名词。对于普通名词来说,可分为可数名词和不可数名词。再见SEE YOU 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览