资源简介

【知识点梳理】
Unit 5 Encyclopaedias
重点 可数名词和不可数名词的判断以及表达方式； 代词another和(the) other(s)的应用； 名词复数-s/-es的发音规则； 比较级的运用：as……as/…..than/even+比较级等； after作为介词的用法； when和while引导的时间状语从句；
难点 代词another和(the) other(s)的应用； 名词复数-s/-es的发音规则； 比较级的运用：as……as/…..than/even+比较级等； when和while引导的时间状语从句；
易错点 代词another和(the) other(s)的应用； 比较级的运用：as……as/…..than/even+比较级等；
高频考点 可数名词和不可数名词的判断以及表达方式； 代词another和(the) other(s)的应用； 比较级的运用：as……as/…..than/even+比较级等；
牛津词汇
Africa n. 非洲 thinker n. 思想家
Europe n. 欧洲 as…as possible 尽可能地
fierce adj. 凶猛的；凶狠的 character n. 邮件；信件
though conj.虽然；尽管；即使 mail n. 邮件；信件
create v. 创造；创建 real adj. 真实的；实际存在的
look up （在词典或参考书中）查阅 while conj. 与……同时
*encyclopaedia n. 百科全书 cause v. 使发生；引起；导致
exist v. 存在；实际上有 harm n. 伤害；损害
even adv. 甚至 believe v. 相信
harmless adj. 无害的；不会导致损伤的 die of 死于
harmful adj. 有害的；导致损害的 disease n. 病；疾病
die out 灭绝；消失 government n. 政府；内阁
nobody pron. 没有人 repair v. & n. 修理；修补；修缮
know about 知道；熟悉；了解 fee n. 费用
leave…behind 遗留 journey n.（尤指长途）旅行；行程
第一部分：词汇精讲
1. gentle adj.温和的，文雅的
He was a gentle, patient man who loved playing with his grandchildren.
他这个人既随和又有耐心，喜欢跟孙子孙女一起玩。
【拓展】gentleness n.温顺，亲切，柔和 gently adv.轻轻地，逐渐地
2. harmful adj.有害的
The new drug has no harmful side-effects.
这种新药物没有副作用。
【拓展】harmless adj.无害的
【提示】像harmful与harmless这样的形容词还有：useful-useless, helpful-helpless, careful-careless等。
有些英语名词加上不同的后缀，词性变化了，还产生了不同的词义，如后缀-less( = without . . . ); -ful ( = full of . . . );-y ( = rich in . . .)。试区分下列单词的词性和词义：
harm — harmless — harmful hope — hopeless — hopeful
care — careless — careful thank — thankless — thankful
use — useless — useful fear — fearless — fearful
help – helpless--helpful thought -- thoughtless – thoughtful
名词+-y 构成形容词：
sun -- sunny health-- healthy sleep -- sleepy rain -- rainy
noise -- noisy fun -- funny wind -- windy snow – snowy
3. fierce adj.凶猛的
The tiger is a fierce animal.
老虎是一种很凶残的动物。
【拓展】fiercely adv.猛烈地，厉害地
4. possible adj.可能的；可能属实的
Is it possible to get to the city by train, or must I take a bus
有可能坐火车到这个城市去吗？或者我是不是必须坐公共汽车？
【拓展】as ...as possible尽可能……；do one's possible尽力，竭力；if possible如果可能的话
【提示】老师在授课过程中需要带领学生区分什么时候用possible，什么时候用possibly。
5. even adv.甚至，就连
The patient never even tasted the food.
病人甚至对这食物连尝也没尝一下。
【拓展】even意为“更，甚至”时，后可接形容词和副词的比较级。
【提示】目前学到的可以修饰比较级的词有：much，even，a bit，far等。
6. amusement n.娱乐
Big cities have many amusements.
大城市有许多娱乐消遣活动。
【拓展】amuse v.使发笑，使愉快 amused adj.愉快的，开心的，好玩的 amusing adj.有趣的
7. create v.创造
The company has created a new kind of engine.
这个公司创造了一种新型引擎。
【知识拓展】creation n.创造；创作 creator n.创造者；设计者 creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
【提示】老师在课堂上需要提醒学生create中最后字母e的书写，create---created---created，会有部分学生忽略末尾的字母e。
8. mouse n.老鼠，鼠
Does your cat catch mice well
你家的猫很会抓老鼠吗？
【拓展】mouse 复数 mice
mouse还有“鼠标”的意思。
9. real adj.实际存在的，真实的
That is a real cat, not a toy.
那是一只真猫，不是玩具猫。
【拓展】really adv.真的 realize v.实现，意识到
第二部分：重点句型
1. They were fiercer than tigers and ate meat. 它们比老虎凶猛并食肉。
"be动词+比较级十than”这是形容词比较级的一种表达方式，要注意单音节词和一部分双音节词的比较级加-er构成。
My sister is taller than me. 我姐比我高点。
2. Nobody knows why. 没人知道这是为什么。
nobody pron. “没有人，无人，谁也不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
There is nobody in the room.
屋里没有人。
Nobody knows.
谁也不知道。
【比较】nobody, no one与none No one=nobody，两者均只能指人，不能指物，其后通常不接of短语；作主语时谓语用单数。None既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语；用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数形式的可数名词，则谓语可用单数（较正式），也可以用复数（常用于非正式文体）。如： No one/Nobody likes it. None of the food was left. None of the books is/are interesting.
3. He taught that the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible.他提倡快乐的方法就是拥有尽可能少的东西。
(1)the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible中用动词不定式引导的词组来作表语，as…as possible尽可能地。
(2)表示两者程度一样，可以使用as ...as的句型。句中的形容词或副词不用比较级，要用原级。
My cousin is as tall as I am.
我堂兄和我一样高。
Jenny dances as beautifully as Alice.
说到跳舞，詹妮与艾丽斯跳得一样优美。
Tom is as clever as Jack.
汤姆和杰克一样聪明。
He runs as fast as his father.
他跑步跟他父亲一样快。
【拓展】如果表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“not as/so+形容词／副词+as"句型。
It is not as/so warm today as yesterday.
今天不如昨天暖和。
He did not come as/so early as Wang Lin.
他没有王林来得早。
4. One day, Diogenes saw a boy drinking water from his hands by a fountain .一天，第欧根尼看见一个男孩在喷水池边用手捧着水喝。
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
【拓展】see sb. doing强调“看见某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行中，侧重当时的情况；
see sb. do表示“看见某人做了某事”，强调做完了或做过，侧重动作的全过程。
【提示】和see用法相似的词还有hear, notice, watch, observe等。
5. Disneyland was created by Walt Disney...迪斯尼乐园是由沃特·迪斯尼创建的……
【拓展】这是被动语态的一种表达。汉语一般意为“由……”“被……”。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，主语和谓语动词之间逻辑上是动宾关系。被动语态谓语动词的基本结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词。被动语态用于我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或强调动作的承受者的句子中。
被动语态和主动语态一样也有各种时态。
一般现在时结构：is (are)+及物动词的过去分词;
一般过去时结构：was(were)+及物动词的过去分词；
一般将来时结构：will be+及物动词的过去分词;
现在进行时结构：am (is, are) +being+及物动词的过去分词。
6. After leaving school, he sold…离开学校后，他卖……
after可以作介词，介词后的动词要加-ing，整个介词短语在句中作时间状语
本句可改为：After he left school, he sold ...(after此处作连词，引导一个时间状语从句)
7. Finally he got a job that he really liked --drawing cartoons for films.
终于他找到了一项他确实喜欢的工作——为电影画卡通。
All he owned was a big jar that he lived in....他拥有的一切就是他住的大罐子……
【拓展】这两句都是复合句。第一句拥有一个定语从句，第二句拥有两个定语从句。
定语从句：用一个句子修饰一个名词或代词就称为定语从句。
引导词表示人用who，表示物用which, that既可表示人，又可表示物。
This is the book that I bought.
这就是我买的那本书。
The man who wears a pair of glasses is our new teacher.
戴眼镜的那个人是我们的新老师。
【提示】定语从句可由老师根据学生的理解程度酌情讲解。
8. We know about the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons, eggs and footprints they left behind.
【拓展】know about意为“知道，知悉，了解”。
【对比】know与know about两者的意义区别如下：
know侧重表示“认识，知道”的意思，而know about则主要表示“听说过，了解过关于……的事情”.
第三部分：语法点拨
1. 指示代词
(1)指示代词分单数( this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。
1)指示代词的句法功能
a.作主语：This is the way to do it.
b.作宾语：I like this better than that.
c.作表语：My point is this.
d.作介词宾语：There is no fear of that.
2)指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。
a. That is my teacher. (that作主语，指人)
b. He is going to marry this girl. (this作限定词)
c. I bought this. (this指物，可作宾语)
3)that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。
a. He liked that which looked beautiful. 他喜欢外表漂亮的东西。
b. He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(2)指示代词有单、复数之分。特指名词的单数用this（近）／that（远）；特指名词的复数用these (近）／those（远）。
-Is this your book -Yes, it is.
-Is that your bike -No, it isn't.
-Are these your pencils -Yes, they are.
-Are those your parents -No, they aren't.
2. 可数名词和不可数名词）
普通名词按其所表现的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，通常以量词短语来表示它们的量。可数名词有复数形式，可数名词复数形式的构成方法如下：
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 +s 清辅音后读/s/, 浊辅音后读/z/, ts读/ts/, ds读/dz/ book-books day-days rat-rats card-cards
以ce, se, ze, (d)ge 等结尾的词 +s /iz/ office-offices bridge-bridges horse-horses
以s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词 +es /iz/ class-classes watch-watches dish-dishes box-boxes
以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的词 变y为i+es /z/ library-libraries family-families
以f, fe 结尾的词 变f/fe为v+es /vz/ shelf-shelves wife-wives
少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：
如: man- men, child- children, woman- women; foot- feet; goose- geese; tooth- teeth
单复数相同的可数名词: Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish
以o结尾的名词，一般词尾加-es: potato- potatoes
（在某些词后只加-s: piano- pianos, radio - radios）
【经典例题】
【词汇篇】
例1.（★）Walt Disney is famous__________ his cartoon character — Mickey Mouse. A. to B. for C. of D.as
【考点】be famous for/be famous as
【解析】be famous for是因为……而著名，be famous as是作为……而著名，根据句意，可以发现应该选择be famous for。
【答案】B
例2.（★★）When I want to know the meaning of a word, I always__________ in my dictionary. A. look at it B. look it up C. look for it D. look after it
【考点】look开头的词组辨析；“代中”现象
【解析】look at看；look up查找；look for寻找；look after照顾。
【答案】B
例3.（★★★）My cousin became a doctor after__________ (leave) school.
【考点】after作介词的用法
【解析】after在题目中后面给定的是动词leave，而不是一个句子，所以此处after引导的不是从句，而是作为介词使用，介词+doing。
【答案】leaving
例4.（★★）She has got__________encyclopaedia. __________encyclopaedia was bought by her father. A. a; The B. an; The C. the; A D. the; An
【考点】冠词的应用
【解析】encyclopaedia的音标开头为元音音标/i/，所以应该用an；第二次出现则为特指，用the。
【答案】B
例5.（★★★）The United Nations (UN) Security Council has 5 permanent member ships. One is America, __________four are China, the Britain, France, and Russia. A. the others B. other C. another D. the other
【考点】(the)other(s)的用法
【解析】本题中将5个常任理事国分为两部分，一个是美国，其余四个分别是中国、英语、法国和俄罗斯，限定了范围，所以应该选择the other 或者the others，因为后面有four，所以应该选择可以带four的the other。
【答案】D
【句型语法篇】
例6.（★★）The little girl put on her new skirt and looked even__________. A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiness
【考点】even修饰比较级
【解析】looked这里应该翻译成“看起来”，属于感官动词，后面加形容词；even又修饰比较级，所以应该选择形容词的比较级。
【答案】B
例7.（★★）Boys can do their homework as__________as girls. A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. quick
【考点】as……as的用法/副词修饰动词
【解析】“男孩们能够做作业和女孩们一样……”，本题中缺少的词是要用来修饰动词do的，所以应该选择副词。
【答案】C
例8.（★★★）I've given them a lot of information. I hope some of__________will be useful. A. it B. that C. them D. those
【考点】代词的用法
【解析】这里指代的是上文提到的information，是不可数名词，而且上下文指的是同一件事情，所以应该用代词it来代替。
【答案】A
例9.（★★★）__________ (not do) your homework while you__________ (watch) TV.
【考点】祈使句/过去进行时态
【解析】本句为while引导的时间状语从句，主句没有主语，直接出现动词原形，所以应该是祈使句；while的特点是引导的从句通常用进行时态表示，所以本题应该是现在进行时态。
【答案】Don’t do; are watching
【能力篇】
例10.（★★★）Gardening has a long history. It is one of the oldest pastimes(休闲活动) in the world. Roses are known to be on the earth before there are human beings, and now there are about 300 kinds of roses grown in gardens. Gardening is so big a subject that you can spend your whole life learning about it. People have different preferences for gardening. Some may enjoy having their own flower gardens and cutting flowers for their homes. Some may prefer to grow fruit and vegetables for food. Many like keeping plants in their homes. With flowers or plants in a room, the house can be more beautiful. There are different things to be done in a garden in different seasons. There is a time to sow(播种) ,to cut off branches and to do many other jobs. Besides, you must also have some knowledge about the soil in your garden, and about fertilizers (肥料) and weed killers, if you want to get high yields (产量). Today, indoor gardening is more and more popular. Hundreds of plants are grown indoors. To keep the indoor plants healthy, you have to follow certain rules. In heated rooms, plants need enough moisture(湿气). They have to be carefully watered and leaves should be sprayed. Potted plants are better to be kept on window-sills. The sun and daylight help to keep the leaves green. Fresh air is also needed if the weather is good. Answer the questions. (根据短文内容，回答下列问题) 1. Is gardening a latest entertainment 2. How many kinds of roses are grown in gardens nowadays 3. Try to use your own words to tell people's different preferences for gardening. 4. How can you get high yields in your garden 5. Try to use your own words to tell some rules about keeping the indoor plants. 【参考答案】 l. No. It's one of the oldest pastimes. 2. About 300 kinds. 3. Some enjoy growing flowers in their own gardens and use these flowers to beautify their homes; some grow fruit and vegetables in their gardens; some like to keep indoor plants. 4. You must not only do the right things according to different seasons but also have enough knowledge a-bout the soil, fertilizers and weed killers. 5. You should keep enough water, daylight and suitable temperature on indoor plants; you need to carefully water them as well as their leaves.
【课堂小结】
【教学建议】
本节课的语法点比较多，也非常重要，属于中考常考语法点，需要老师通过课堂和课下给学生强化巩固。此外，课文中出现了被动语态，需要老师为学生进行被动语态的讲解和梳理。
一、词汇：
1. 主要词组：
look up（查找） as……as（和……一样） some…..others……（一些……另一些……） know about（知道，了解） leave…behind（遗留） be famous for（因为……而著名） at the same time（同时） as……as possible（尽可能地） die out（灭绝） die of（死于）
2. 词语变换：
Europe→（名词/形容词）European fierce→（副词）fiercely→（比较级）fiercer harm→（形容词）harmless→（形容词）harmful think→（名词）thinker→（名词）thought
二、句型：
May’s father bought her an encyclopaedia. （梅的父亲给她买了一本百科全书。）
This was a long time before people existed. （这要比人类生存在地球上的时间早得多。）
Some were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. （一些恐龙体小如鸡，另一些恐龙则有十头大象之巨。）
He taught that the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible. （他教导人们变得快乐的办法是拥有尽可能少的东西。）
Disneyland was created by Walt Disney (1901-1966), who is famous for his cartoon characters: Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Snow White and many others. （迪士尼乐园由华特·迪士尼创立，他因米老鼠、唐老鸭、高飞狗、白雪公主等众多卡通人物而出名。）

展开更多......

收起↑